1

Space Shuttle Autopen Guide Version 0.1

Acknowledgements: Special thanks must go to Bob McLeod, Thierry Bisiaux, Derek Horne, Geoffrey Viney, Jammie Wilhelm, Jim A. Thumpston, Richie Barrett, Mike Dixon, and Dirk De Quick for taking the time to scan and send in their Autopens and for their willingness to share their knowledge and experience.

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 2

Space Shuttle Astronaut Autopens

Loren Acton

James Adamson

Thomas Akers

Sultan Salman Al Saud

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 3

Joseph "Joe" Allen

Scott Altman

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 4

Scott Altman Pre-Print

Jay Apt

Jeffrey Ashby

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 5

James Bagian

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 6

Michael Baker

Michael Barratt

Daniel T Barry

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 7

John-David Bartoe

Patrick Baudry

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 8

John Blaha

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 9

Michael Bloomfield

Guion "Guy" Bluford

Karol Bobko

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 10

Charles Bolden

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 11

Ken Bowersox

Vance Brand

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 12

Daniel Brandenstein

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 13

Roy Bridges

Curt Brown

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 14

James Buchli

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 15

Jay Buckey

Daniel Burbank

Daniel Bursch

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 16

Bob Cabana

Kenneth D. Cameron

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 17

Duane Carey Pre-Print

John Casper

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 18

Robert Cenker

Franklin Chang-Diaz

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 19

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 20

Leroy Chiao

Mary Cleave

Jean-Francois Clervoy

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 21

Michael Coats

Kenneth Cockrell

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 22

Cady Coleman

Eileen Collins

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 23

Richard "Dick" Covey

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 24

John Creighton

Bob Crippen

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 25

Roger Crouch

Frank Culbertson

Robert Curbeam

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 26

Nancy Currie Pre-Print

N.

Vladimir Dezhurov

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 27

Takao Doi

Brian Duffy

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 28

Bonnie Dunbar

Pedro Duque

Samuel Durrance

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 29

Joe Edwards

Tony England

Joe Engle

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 30

John Fabian

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 31

Anna Lee Fisher

William Fisher

C.

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 32

Patrick Forrester

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 33

Dirk Frimout

Millie-Hughes Fulford

Gordon Fullerton

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 34

Reinhard Furrer

Drew Gaffney

Dale Gardner

Guy Gardner

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 35

Marc Garneau

Owen Garriott

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 36

Michael Gernhardt

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 37

Robert "Hoot" Gibson

Yuri Gidzenko

John Glenn

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 38

Linda Godwin

Ronald Grabe

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 39

Frederick Gregory

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 40

William Gregory

David Griggs

John Grunsfeld

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 41

Umberto Guidoni

Sidney Gutierrez

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 42

Chris Hadfield

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 43

Fred Haise

James Halsell

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 44

Gregory Harbaugh

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 45

Bernard Harris

Terry Hart

Henry "Hank" Hartsfield

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 46

Steven Hawley

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 47

Frederick "Rick" Hauck

Steven Hawley

Karl Henize

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 48

Thomas Hennen

Tom Henricks

Susan Helms

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 49

Richard Hieb

David Hilmers

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 50

Kay Hire

Charles Hobaugh

Jeffrey Hoffman

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 51

Scott Horowitz

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 52

Rick Husband

Marsha Ivins

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 53

Tammy Jernigan

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 54

Brent Jett

Tom Jones

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 55

Leonid Kadenyuk

Janet L. Kavandi

James Kelly

Scott Kelly

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 56

Elena Kondakova

Valery Korzun

Kevin Kregel

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 57

Sergei Krikalev

Wendy Lawrence

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 58

Mark Lee

David Leestma

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 59

William Lenoir

Byron Lichtenberg

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 60

Don Lind

Steven Lindsey

Jerry Linenger

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 61

Richard Linnehan

Richard Linnehan Pre-print

Greg Linteris

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 62

Paul Lockhart

Yuri Lonchakov

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 63

Michael Lopez-Alegria

John "Mike" Lounge

Jack Lousma

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 64

G. David Low

Edward Lu

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 65

Shannon Lucid

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 66

Steve MacLean

Yuri Malenchenko

Richard Mastracchio

Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 67

William McArthur

Jon McBride

Bruce McCandless II

Donald McMonagle

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 68

Carl Meade

Bruce Melnick

Pamela Melroy

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 69

Ulf Merbold

Barbara Radding Morgan

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 70

Boris Morukov

Chiaki Mukai

Mike Mullane

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 71

Story Musgrave

Steven Nagel

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 72

Bill Nelson

George "Pinky" Nelson

George "Pinky" Nelson Astronaut Autopen with a hand written inscription

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 73

Rodolfo Neri

James Newman Astronaut Pre-Print

Claude Nicollier

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 74

Carlos Noriega

Ellen Ochoa

Wubbo Ockels

Bryan O'Connor

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 75

Stephen Oswald

Robert "Bob" Overmeyer

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 76

William “Bill” Pailes

Scott Parazynski

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 77

Ronald Parise

Robert Parker

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 78

James Pawelczyk

Gary Payton

Philippe Perrin

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 79

Don Peterson

Donald Pettit

John Phillips

Mark Polansky

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 80

Charlie Precourt

William Readdy

Kenneth Reightler

James Reilly

Paul Richards

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 81

Richard "Dick" Richards

Stephen Robinson

Kent Rominger

Jerry Ross

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 82

Mario Runco

Winston Scott

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 83

Paul Scully-Powers

Richard Searfoss

Rhea Seddon

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 84

Ronald Sega

Brewster Shaw

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 85

William Shepherd

Nancy Sherlock

Loren Shriver

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 86

Michael Smith

Steve Smith

Sherwood Spring

Robert Springer

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 87

Robert Stewart

Susan Still

Frederick Sturckow

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 88

Kathryn Sullivan

Joseph Tanner

Norman Thagard

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 89

Andrew Thomas

Don Thomas

Kathryn Thornton

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 90

William Thornton

Pierre Thuot

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 91

Vladimir Titov

Michel Tognini

Sergei Treschev

Richard “Dick” Truly

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 92

Mikhail Tyurin

Yuri Usachev

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 93

James "Ox" van Hoften

Janice Voss

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 94

Jim Voss

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 95

Charles Walker

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 96

David Walker

Carl Walz

Koichi Wakata

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 97

Mary Ellen Weber

Paul Weitz

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 98

James Wetherbee

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 99

Peggy Whitson

Terrence Wilcutt

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 100

Dave Williams

Donald E. Williams

Jeffrey Williams

Stephanie D. Wilson

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 101

Peter Wisoff

Dave Wolf

John Young

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 102

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 103

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/ 104

Un-flown Shuttle

Michael Barratt

Yvonne Cagle

© The Space Directory 2005. Images courtesy of NASA. For the latest version of this guide, or to obtain the Pre-Shuttle Autopen guide, please visit http://www.spacedirectory.org.uk/