Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S1. Box plots of model/observation pairs of wind speed in the Bering Straits region for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The thin black line is the 1:1 line, and the thin red line is the regression line. The regression coefficient (r) and sample size (N) are given in the top-left corner of each panel. Each bin width is 2.0 m s-1. Each box depicts the median and middle 50% of the bin. Dashed lines extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles when the bin contains at least 1,000 points.

1 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S1. Binned histograms of wind speed from the WRF model (solid filled bars) and observations (hatched/stippled bars) in the Bering Straits region, for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The bin width is 2 m s-1.

2 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S2. Mean wind speed across the Bering Straits region for WRF (solid lines) and observed (dashed lines) wind speed, for maritime (blue lines), mesonet (purple lines), METAR (black lines), and radiosonde (red lines) stations, averaged (a) by year, and (b) by annual cycle.

Figure S3. Root mean squared error for the Bering Straits region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

3 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S4. Mean error for the Bering Straits region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

Figure S5. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for the Bering Straits region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

4 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S6. Box plots of model/observation pairs of wind speed in the Lower Yukon Kuskokwim region for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The thin black line is the 1:1 line, and the thin red line is the regression line. The regression coefficient (r) and sample size (N) are given in the top-left corner of each panel. Each bin width is 2.0 m s-1. Each box depicts the median and middle 50% of the bin. Dashed lines extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles when the bin contains at least 1,000 points.

5 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S7. Binned histograms of wind speed from the WRF model (solid filled bars) and observations (hatched/stippled bars) in the Lower Yukon Kuskokwim region, for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The bin width is 2 m s-1.

6 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S8. Mean wind speed across the Lower Yukon Kuskokwim region for WRF (solid lines) and observed (dashed lines) wind speed, for maritime (blue lines), mesonet (purple lines), METAR (black lines), and radiosonde (red lines) stations, averaged (a) by year, and (b) by annual cycle.

Figure S9. Root mean squared error for the Lower Yukon Kuskokwim region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

7 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S10. Mean error for the Lower Yukon Kuskokwim region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

Figure S11. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for the Lower Yukon Kuskokwim region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

8 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S12. Box plots of model/observation pairs of wind speed in the Bristol Bay region for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The thin black line is the 1:1 line, and the thin red line is the regression line. The regression coefficient (r) and sample size (N) are given in the top-left corner of each panel. Each bin width is 2.0 m s-1. Each box depicts the median and middle 50% of the bin. Dashed lines extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles when the bin contains at least 1,000 points.

9 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S13. Binned histograms of wind speed from the WRF model (solid filled bars) and observations (hatched/stippled bars) in the Bristol Bay region, for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The bin width is 2 m s-1.

10 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S14. Mean wind speed across the Bristol Bay region for WRF (solid lines) and observed (dashed lines) wind speed, for maritime (blue lines), mesonet (purple lines), METAR (black lines), and radiosonde (red lines) stations, averaged (a) by year, and (b) by annual cycle.

Figure S15. Root mean squared error for the Bristol Bay region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

11 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S16. Mean error for the Bristol Bay region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

Figure S17. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for the Bristol Bay region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

12 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S18. Box plots of model/observation pairs of wind speed in the Aleutians region for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The thin black line is the 1:1 line, and the thin red line is the regression line. The regression coefficient (r) and sample size (N) are given in the top-left corner of each panel. Each bin width is 2.0 m s-1. Each box depicts the median and middle 50% of the bin. Dashed lines extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles when the bin contains at least 1,000 points.

13 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S19. Binned histograms of wind speed from the WRF model (solid filled bars) and observations (hatched/stippled bars) in the Aleutians region, for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The bin width is 2 m s-1.

14 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S20. Mean wind speed across the Aleutians region for WRF (solid lines) and observed (dashed lines) wind speed, for maritime (blue lines), mesonet (purple lines), METAR (black lines), and radiosonde (red lines) stations, averaged (a) by year, and (b) by annual cycle.

Figure S21. Root mean squared error for the Aleutians region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

15 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S22. Mean error for the Aleutians region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

Figure S23. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for the Aleutians region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

16 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S24. Box plots of model/observation pairs of wind speed in the Railbelt region for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The thin black line is the 1:1 line, and the thin red line is the regression line. The regression coefficient (r) and sample size (N) are given in the top-left corner of each panel. Each bin width is 2.0 m s-1. Each box depicts the median and middle 50% of the bin. Dashed lines extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles when the bin contains at least 1,000 points.

17 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S25. Binned histograms of wind speed from the WRF model (solid filled bars) and observations (hatched/stippled bars) in the Railbelt region, for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The bin width is 2 m s-1.

18 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S26. Mean wind speed across the Railbelt region for WRF (solid lines) and observed (dashed lines) wind speed, for maritime (blue lines), mesonet (purple lines), METAR (black lines), and radiosonde (red lines) stations, averaged (a) by year, and (b) by annual cycle.

Figure S27. Root mean squared error for the Railbelt region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

19 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S28. Mean error for the Railbelt region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

Figure S29. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for the Railbelt region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

20 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S30. Box plots of model/observation pairs of wind speed in the Copper River Chugach region for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, and (c) METAR networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The thin black line is the 1:1 line, and the thin red line is the regression line. The regression coefficient (r) and sample size (N) are given in the top-left corner of each panel. Each bin width is 2.0 m s-1. Each box depicts the median and middle 50% of the bin. Dashed lines extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles when the bin contains at least 1,000 points.

21 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S31. Binned histograms of wind speed from the WRF model (solid filled bars) and observations (hatched/stippled bars) in the Copper River Chugach region, for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, and (c) METAR networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The bin width is 2 m s-1.

22 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S32. Mean wind speed across the Copper River Chugach region for WRF (solid lines) and observed (dashed lines) wind speed, for maritime (blue lines), mesonet (purple lines), and METAR (black lines) stations, averaged (a) by year, and (b) by annual cycle.

Figure S33. Root mean squared error for the Copper River Chugach region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), and METAR (black) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

23 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S34. Mean error for the Copper River Chugach region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), and METAR (black) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

Figure S35. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for the Copper River Chugach region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), and METAR (black) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

24 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S36. Box plots of model/observation pairs of wind speed in the Southeast region for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The thin black line is the 1:1 line, and the thin red line is the regression line. The regression coefficient (r) and sample size (N) are given in the top-left corner of each panel. Each bin width is 2.0 m s-1. Each box depicts the median and middle 50% of the bin. Dashed lines extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles when the bin contains at least 1,000 points.

25 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S37. Binned histograms of wind speed from the WRF model (solid filled bars) and observations (hatched/stippled bars) in the Southeast region, for the (a) maritime, (b) mesonet, (c) METAR, and (d) radiosonde networks, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. The bin width is 2 m s-1.

26 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S38. Mean wind speed across the Southeast region for WRF (solid lines) and observed (dashed lines) wind speed, for maritime (blue lines), mesonet (purple lines), METAR (black lines), and radiosonde (red lines) stations, averaged (a) by year, and (b) by annual cycle.

Figure S39. Root mean squared error for the Southeast region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

27 Supplement to “Wind resource assessment for Alaska’s offshore regions: Validation of a 14- year high-resolution WRF data set” by Lee et al.

Figure S40. Mean error for the Southeast region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

Figure S41. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for the Southeast region, for maritime (blue), mesonet (purple), METAR (black), and radiosonde (red) wind speed, spanning Sep 2002–Dec 2014. RMSE is displayed as (a) an annual average, and (b) an average annual cycle.

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