'\'!?·~ ~,,
--';" ''
,' < '.,_, , r- ·~ - ,.-,.;; •.', :BRUCE, CRAIG f .;'_ !' . _. : ' •. ~-;' '' ,_. ,-~. _CHANrm>iSLANDS·NATIONAL'PARK''
0 ''-, l-.-"_;·Feb~u~ry ~8~. i 4.f•t; • •
·'
.•
'V ' G Holland's ar~icle "Santa Rosa I'sland:· An Archeological -and -Historical Study,"· ' " ' pubJished in the Jour'iiai of the West in· 1962. G.r:egg_K,ing'.s "Jhe-P.otential fo-r
11istoric Arclieological Sites" iri Michael A; Glassow's The. Status· of. , ' ' ' q . Archeolo~ical Research· on Santa Rosa_ Island (19~3) is esp~cially useful in identlfying the var,ious bui_l~ings and' structu~es noted:in the hi.storfcai ·..
record.l· ./'',, ·.·'' 1·- ,. ',.•',·)-·· . . - '. . ·-' .. ' .· ·'>.. _ ._·:. '' . ·_. • . ·o;,.o,tl' - •"' :: .. ' ..~<:; 1-. v T~is r'.ep~r:t:'~~,r~ni~le,s;~~e ··hist~,ry ,o_f}a_nt:~: Rci~a· I_sla~o~.-r:~ )s,~ summar:!J~,s ~'., ,:, ~:the findings 'cff field, obser.vat'icin~, made -during [two: field ·survey -tri pf~·(, Santa' . • i,' ·:· '. -,_ - • • : _., - .·-· '•' _:••• ~.;' •• -'" .• ;. " :"' ~: · v . .-Rosa.i'n December 1982 andcMar_ch·1983. ·Tile Pe!pet"t ·compliments King!'s work,_ .. · , ' ' . ' . • '·: . - ' ' -· - ' ' -: -_ . •tC..'~:-. '\.· • ·~_,...... addi11g to our k.nowledge of-the isla_nd's his_torical stru_Ct!Jres~~~~
·-, ( also seeks to place ttie significance of the island's historic resources· fn":'_ .- (.. - their broader historical .context.
v' This report has its limitations,A6w~-¥&r~L It cannot pos_sibly discuss the rich
history of the Santa Rosa Island in any great detail.. It is not a Historic~
S;:ructures Report, though_ some information may, prove useful to architechural
historians who hopefully will study the island's buildings in greater depth in
the not too di st ant future. Nei tiler is this study a Historic Furni sh'i ng
Report, though I have attempted to document the CO(ldi ti on of the furnishings
of historic signif·icance associated with the More ranch house complex. This
report is merely an overview, a survey of the island's entire historical·
legacy. A much more thorough and systematic app~oach to the primary and
secondary resources including a thorough review of manuscripts and papers'
; .. ,' . .~ , .. ; ,, - . : ...... "';_.::_:...1.:., • .r:_..--,.,,-. :,-. ~?.. --~ ."':.. .~ ,,- ' r~~t~Y;f~~t;I~~~~~~?~*~~~~~\r:7t' ·conta'.ined in the/col·lect.ions of several research.·institutions; ·:(i.e., the. - , -0' 'n 0 , r -· " , . - . .t - - .: • , -: '- - ~· Huntingt~n Library. (San Marino; c'ar;·fotnia) 'and the S.mithsonian Institution ' - '.> - ..~ ~;·,,~-- --~~ -~ " • -~¥_,., ~-~ ~,. - ·._··i)- .. _ (:.i.~shi ngton! '. o.~p.>. ~iJ l s_omed.ay, n~ed :to,~be, m.ade. · Sources· of: liif.ormat ion
atthe .end of ihi s report lists the sources. fOnsulte~.' .as ~~el.l as the res.earch. ins.fitutions.visited., Mo~t of the publications reviewed co.ntained only . ' :· fr~g.ments of useful i nfor"l!lati,on;'. some were· of dubi ~us accuracy. Seldom' were·· I ;:._ • sa·~ta Rosa's ..buildi'ngs or stru·~ture~ di'scus~ed in any':great 'det'ail. · The one . - ... - ---- . -' ;• " .IJ~table. ;xcept.i.o~ ~·a·s Gr~g:) tf'. • 0-J ~~w '"'1'-r .;',..· ! ~ '~ ,~ • •• :~ _if • ,._ 5)_".:.-l,,• .·used, to identffy the 'structures that were docu'mented lduring' the 'field visits, --~, " - - :. , -:._ -~ • "lo ' - ;f -- ' • , • -- • " to'Santa 'Rosa;. On~site fiell vis.its en.abl'ed me' to .document.';t'he i>~ese,;t ) ' , - _, ,, •,_. -.. - '.";;·_.,; -:!·--.~. condition, of, all the struct.ures identifi.ed. bY Ki~g. an and assess othe~ sites· and structures _previously recorded. Sev.efal ar.cheological sites of historic significance as well as.a few more recent structures associated with the military's pre~e,;ce. ;on the island were n'oted,' ., photographed arid mapp·ed . Though King ~1 ludes to these structures· as· . Y"" "essentially moder'11 and are of ..little or no historical value" i11~-t. ' F>-'' "'.;.o,:- \.!.,.___ - ,,,,... ~t. at lecst some of·these structures 'indeed appear to be of historica.l ' / _') • ,.· •• -J significance-,-- particular.ly as fo how they relate to the important role the.; offshore isl ands' played in coastal. defense in the ,World War 11' and 'cold war'· ' ~ ' . , .., ,..:. eras. So.me of these structures· may also be significant' in the history of military techology.2 Of the research institutions visited, the Channel Islands Archives at the Senta Barbara Museum of Natural History proved to contain th'e most useful ':'-•' . l ',.;. , "~. \_·~ .• )<, o.:.tl• ,.\ .... ~ -.. :··.~:•• ·~'..>_ -;"'t~~?~~~rrc~~~1%:0?~~(ff&sw,~,:~:~~~s~is~~,-, i'ntofmatJon ..\.The a.r,ch.i'ves·'preser\ies' an i'mportant ·cofrect·iori o·f 'r~~rds\"~ '•:.' '·· ' •• • ·, ~ ·-,,.~ :}• ,· ~ i .,,- •. -,, ;-~' ~ ?- ~·' '.,. ·-~-- ·' ·_' ·~, ~ '. ' --.. '. -, :~' ,-~,r: • - -'-~ ·~ .• ·, '":·< I;,,\,,··' ;,~:1; '·,:"' relat.ing·to the Chan.ne.1 Islands much o·f which relates to Santa Rosa Islilild'•. 'R~n ;?r~an's ~han~ne:1' Islands pl,?to.~r·~phic.:su,rvey. wa:; espec;a'1·~)'.:··ui~·~J1::"~: ",r · -., l ,._ . . ; ', 1c • .• '" · , ' ' \•, ~ , /! .,_ ,• · 1 ~·-• Moroan's photos· ofdsland·s'tructures and 'the furnislii~gs co~tained in the . .,, ' ' l ' - • • ' ~ ' ' ' '- - "r ' , ~ ..;/" ra~ch. h~u·se c.omp\e~ at ·~~ch~rs;Ba~; ~n'abled:me· to docume'!t, with r~lat'i.ve.:.," • • . - '' ' . !' , . 1 "·. , ~ ' r: - ··- ' , "· ., ' -,) 1.- - , ,. .-. :ease·:· th.e present condition ·of, these structures and the >furnishings which','oar,e •i,...- ~ f:·-· (J . ' - - ~ - ~, -. . ... ~hi.storical ~· not~w~. I also vi.sited the S.arita Barbara. Hist~rical Society'. This institu~ion has a .single slim file entitled !'Sanfa'-.i!osa: Island" a.nd a ·couple oL scrap~ooks .with an 'article or two' relati,ng to the island; The books>arid p~_ri.odicals'iii·this ' ..: ,. t ':i ~~ - . i'nstitution's librfrfprobably could l:ie'more'.exhaustively:perused by.s'onie _, . , . . ~ ·_ . .. , r ; , - . - fliture :re~.earciie~~- · Because ~1 ng ~~ ~i,ted t'he, County. Recorder'~ office, Cou6ty«: .. . ' - . ' . - . ' ~ '. ' . . -- ...... '.. ' " ' - ' . ~ . -- ; , --~ ·, - .. Asse'ssor's of.(ice '·and ..the· cler.ic·~o('·ttie ·county Board of Supe'rvisors and'' , • ·c~ncl uded tha~:~:ve'ry. ;i.tt le<~ ~fo:rina.t ion :.w~;,' ·g~~~{shed f'rom these o~fke~:::( ,I . ! , ' . ' - . • ' : - - _.., - c -·- ', - • .'._ ,1 ,,. • : • ~- ...._ , ' - il .,, ' ·d.id not visit'any of:ihos~'~p~t:ilic agenc~es.'_'J·cio'.t>eHeve tha~ the recor;ds-. rel~flng to the.'assessed value. of .real .and personal property of the.M~te brothers Santa Rosa ·Island ranch ·riiost 1 ikely could produce· interesting and·~. relevant data relating to the-de~line of More's sheep operation, in th~ la.te:· :..--- 19th century; (s:eJCM·.;::bof--tl.h. ee~. The U.C.S.B. Map and Imagery 1aboratory is know·n to have aerfa 1 photographs o( the island taken in 1929 t>'ut due to t,ime constraints, this collection 'was not ' • -· '., I consulted .either. Historians re.cognize the value of oral testi~ony to sharpen one's knowledge of an area's history. Santa Rosa's rallch 'foreman, Bill Wallace; our host o'n s.anta Rosa, was a valuable· source. of information. Having lived on the isl.and for over 20 years, he was: familiar. with all the structures still standing, and i.·as able to, describe some of those which are no longer intact. I owe him my sincere appreciation. •' "'."' s-- ~- - ,.--... \ i.;.·.,::·~;;.·;.:.:•.;;.·;;.·· _-,:;,;·':;...·;;.· '-'-....;;....;;.;"·;;.;·:;;.";;.·,;.:";;.;· ';,,;;",;;....;;.;·' ~"'-''-'].' '..:.°':...... :..;:;...._,___·.:...;· ~. ,.; ~f".r/t:' .-.~~-~--.,_--;-A·:"'~~·~-· -· .... -_:·>. ~~,-~?,_,;:.~;~\.:~-~~~~_:··.----- r "~·, <: ' '' n ~ , .:'i- ',, .'.-_<: ·o . .,·,-;, ':>. ,-, : ~1,. •, , ,.-, '· '• I' . ' .r;-t .~~~· v· ,; _:l(,r - '{; ~ . ,: 'l - l .~ - ' ' ... ,- '" {'• ,:;:_...,., ,, ' .;_. ·1 . 'I' f • r .' _,- : ,-.~..., ' ·C~b;111o·win'tered on.an isla.nd he.ca.ll~d··•La~osesi~n".;ii~~e'o~"th~-..·3,.·d ~r<· ~·./:~ - 1_,. '" ·_,·._. ~- .,. ·_.'l'~ ;··, ··--.·t.i. -: ;;:~ _'-,"",._ n ·: Historians ha~e ~enerally agreed that tab~illo spent the winter of 1543-at San Miguel's cu;le~,, Harbor.5 Kroeber in 1925, through an analysi.s of t_he few · i dent Hi ab 1 ei Chuma sh i'ndi an names gi ~en in Cabri 11 o's "1 ~g", suggests tna,t , Cabr-i-1 lo ma; have actually wintered and died on Santa Ro~a lsl~nd.6 Since then, other historians ~ave joined in this assessment inc]uding Robert Heizer. In California's Oldest Historical Relic? Heizer writes "Krober may ·h.ave been right, in my opinion, when he concluded that the Isla de Poses ion may have been Santa Rosa rath~r than San Miguel".7 Heizer's contention is based in part on the findings of his·study of the so-called "Cabrillo gravestone" found: on Santa Rosa by archeologist Phillip Mills Jones in 1901. To some historians . ~ . ·/ ' .._ , ,__ ·.• ' ~ ( . ·... 'c.,·'.'.I~.. ~.-·_;. > ,_-:....: .: .i,.'·• •·• ~:~:~~~~:~/~!f~~~~Tq~~~~~~i,i~Sf;J~0~:f'T J the ·,~X·i Stenc"€_,Of 'thi S St~n~"l ends SO~e·. C;e'd,e~~/to\he':~'.i ew that. the .grea,t' explorer was buded on than on San : . • ' Sant/R·~·sa0 .i'~fa-n'd,ratiifr ~ig~el;a -~ • , • • ' • ' '' ,,., - M ~"" • • - ' - ~ ' - J, -< ',, The ~Cab~iflo gr~V:e ·Stone" whic~ w~·.s found, "oh. the .~urface~ o'f an .:e"r~ded' •· , <.' r' . ' . - -, . - ~.' '· •; , . ~ '_. r • ~- ; • -' ' campsite near·Rancho 'liejo",.may have.'been a·-grave. marker for:.a:mission indian. ; • • · ,r · · " • ,- • · - - • - -.., J"'-r • · - ~.,. ,,l • ·, '. 0 ,.bu ri.ed on the .. is 1 a;nd du ri rig the-~~ stori c era:-9 ' A'nal~s is of the. a rt ifact' ,. - ., '\, '>' ., • • } . ·- • 7' ifself-will' probably not re_ve'fr_additionh .;i1torlll:at~o~ w,hic'h wciuld lieJp, 0 - ' ·-. - ' '. clarify the Cabrillo controversy, however, research by Nationai .Park· S~rvice. ~ .. - .. historians_. in .the Spanish l.rchives may he.lp deter.mine. wher:e Cabr:'illo./was act~allyfburied. Aft.er t~e CabrJ.ll o expedition, more than a, gene~at ion elapsed, before the, n.~xt) EUropea!I, S.i~.,F:r~ncis Drake; land~~.'on Califorryia!s ~hore,:b~t' ·it i_s' do_~!>tf~{~ that lie visited the Channel: fsl ands.. There :iv;:~-~airio,·:_.chri\t~~:.d\he,"Santa Bar.~ar~.: charinel and p~rhaps landed on ,Santa Rosa.11 .. A~~t~er 167.,years el~p.se-d between .v_.iscaino's voyage. and f>ort~1a,_ ,which n1ustra~es the lack of interest Spa'in had fot her remote 'northern frontier.12 By the end of_ the 18th century, ... the Spanish sought to colonize upper Californ.ia and consolidate and deve,lop Spanish territory in the northwe.s.t •. Though the. Spanish were suspiciOus ·of the Russian' and British expeditions»: ,. . " ..;.· . ,. - ,-. \_ into lower California,' the Spanish e~t)blish,ed several fortffied presfdios:· ' ' , An equally important element in the Spanish colonial plan was to see that "the indian was made Spanish"; establishment of California's chain of.missions· soori:~ fo 11 owed .1 ~ In 1805, Santa Rosa Island had perhaps as many as seven Indian villages·or 4 "rancherias".1 Due to a high mortality rate brought on by introduced ~uropean d1seases (pneumonia and/or diptheria in 1801 and a measles epidemic , f} ·~,;.~·lf,t'~'""'~'·'f:'';J~."'Nl'.:l'·~,,,..;;:-.-v~~;p'",;Nf"''~>T,~~~>'.i")U:-!!·'l"Xi<6J'.""~""'.(''4"1<1Y'.j-';;Ool>'0j;>i"'.O'.':J1?~4;'/(~~-"S<.·J~YN ,.: ., . ~·, e ri! vil l a,ge s we,r,e I hi ~h~ mi~:. l oca t ~d a t_,_t.he':mo.u th .?(Ra nc 11 i!o,u_se~~ a riyo:~ at'.".·· · -_·../~~her~ Ba~.- and;·qs_hiwqshh~. the.largest anCI ~ost ;mpo;~~ft,;sa'nta ~osa ls~a~d',·< · : Chu'mash- se':tle·m~n~: wtli~h,wis si'tu~ted at '!R·a_ndh~ :viejo' 0 .:1s~ .. i ' . . . . . ' ' . 'I - •, " ' . " ' '. ··,The. Chumash of Santa Rosa were,eventually- 'au· brought to. the mainland; .~J:;-~ssions. ~is~i~n-,:_:~~n~a 'in'es ~eceive~the i~di:ns fro~ -~~e east. s~~re,,. ·~ ' , > 0 :''. ·~ - • _, '~- • • • - ' " • ,. vi Hages,- and the rest were brought ·to La Puri s i ma. Al though· some ~utho'riti es - '•• I •• ' • '•• _, . .·,,_I '· ·suggest ·that _the indians left th.e 'islci.nd. shortly ·after'..the-ea"rthqu~ke. of 1812, - '"' ' . ·" - - in which ··a· large crack. moo ya/ds· l orig, more -than :100 feet wide a~d~ 50-60 .. ' - . ' ,. " . ' ... -· • ' - 6 _, f' .l -1 . '· ' j ' -- f feet ileep:'.was opened in Canada Lobo, rec~nt ~.tud.ies':'fndicate'tlia.t the mass. exodus·occur~e~(t\iio year·s lat~r in·1Sl4""1i1s:- By l83~·all the Chumasli fro~'- Santa Rosa ·:1:lan~ ·~~~r~- ~one'.1~·' . ,, . - , . , ' ''-~,. . · .~ , , ,~ • '. ~,> ) ;~ '-- ' .-,,_. -~\._." .' - ., '/ , .. 0 Eve'ri· indi'cins· Santa"Rbsa;.:Russian:··Br'itish''anci" - Oc· befo;e'th~ haa.·~bee~;;re;nlo'~ed f-~om ,•.l -c} -~ ~«' -':'·,' ·, "~·.' ~-;:-· -~_--:~ ~t - • .::,::' '.·.;j•~\o:•'~,'.- ·~t ·' .- D f > ' ~' r.,;' :.~, 0 '·American 'ships ·were pl'ying,;ttie ·;.,ate rs; "of· the Santa Barbara' Channel, competing - for -the profitable fur trade ~nd ;i~no~i ng" S~ai~·s ~~acii t{on~Lri'ght'to'··tti-!! - ' ~ " ~- -. . ' • ~acific Oc_eai.'17 . . It .was the publiCation of Ca~t. :Jam'es· Cook's "Voyage" in 1784 that, f.irst touched off an international. race to exp.loit the vast fur wealth in the northwest. The Ru~sian_s began th-eir quest _in 1806, when Count Niko.lai ,. Petrovich Rezanov; an official of the Russian American Fur Company', assessed. ' - ~ ' I> - • -- • the possibiliti.es of ex,tending the Rus;ian,·f~r trade. In, 1812 the P.u~sian American Fur Co. built a fortifi,ed village called Ross, just 18 miles nor.th of Bodega Bay. This settlement sE!'rved as that company•'s headquarters for ·sea otter ~un.ting in northern·-California waters. Iii addition, two Brltish. ffrms_. v the Northwest and Hudson(say Compan~. also sent 'trapping ~rigade's' into the Spanish territory; one ~ent as far south as the Gulf of California.18 Americans also took great interest in the fur trade. Beginning on October 29, 1796, when the "Otter'" out of Boston first dropped anchor in northern . .; .: ~ ... ,, :._- ;F::~r :'"' -' ~ -~ . .'. .; . --/~-- :l >· ~-· .,-.,, ... ~•- "":·~---~~-.,__'-....(, ~ ,,.;-, .'<~;~- j~t7"~~~~?tift~~~"0t:0'10'~f'.'~f,~ry'.;~~J.?;.~:~~;~77;F~'.1f(\~~~~?:··· 'J: '';, .: .· '~· - ~~ ...~>' ;,·.,~ . '!. f • ' , 'r ' t_. ",. - -', -, fa 1if'1,r~-icl wa'ters a~d cont i nu~.ng: through 1~12'.'.~Ameri can ;fur-trading. Sessers;· no;l:ed·~o the Pacific northwest. Eventually_ the A.merica~·;e:o%pany's gain.ed. ·. 0 ·...... the greatest·:Share of. the otter'trade;, v . ',: . ' . ·From. . lBOl-1810. . . illegal ti'~de, boats. . such· c·as the· L~l i'a Byrd, ·A'1 exander, ttie: .Hazard, Enterprize, O'Cain, combed the :wate~s .of Sp~nish Califo'rnia and • ' ' '• ' 0 ~I , I 0 > •, t I ~ ~ --, • se~r~ched for otter,ev~·n th(!ugh such. hunting activity was· forbidden by the ·Spanish, government. B.ecause the Spanish" had no f o~ce' strong· enough tC!_. drive. ' o'u.t. the British,. Russian' ·, and American" . tr:aders,l . ' the ..illegal. fur ·trade continu.~d throughout the Spanis~/coloniill ··Rer.fod.1g Santa Rosa .fsland ;served as a base of operation for some sea otter'hunters~ · / ,- • J • I, ,_ • r < • ,, ;' ,•; ~ ' • '\ ' ·Though :·no h'i storical ,a':counts establish. that the· i sfand. wa; a base ;of .. 1 .. , ' - '· . ' - - r - '. 0 }' -..._ '· l, C ' 1 ';operation Jn the 1784-~8~ 2~.i m~ pe rfod, th·e ·isl and, i ~-the. 18Jo' s ,·did :serve .: - -~. - ., ~ .;·~·_ .\~~" _-.r..- ,-./ !"';.' ~-,._,,-. -~;--..·., --~.;'."'ii·~.·-;;_---~-:,_-(::·~_-.,...._. __ ~.· .. :as the hea~quarters;camp: for otter h~ntef Geo'rg.e «Nidever3.~ . . . :;,. ~.-~Using' Santa. Rosa. as his.base 'of op;~ation·;·. Nide vei':; b'egirlning in 18J,5,. beaver (worth $4) and Nidever continued to hunt the valued otter periodically untn the mid 180D's.22 Typical 1~, Nidever remained "al 1 winter" on Santa Rosa, even though he did most of his hunting ea bo*iqg on.San v Mi gue 1 and Sant·a Cruz, "as the.re were very few otters on Santa, ,Rosa •• ;23 In his au tob i og'r a phy The Life and. Adventures of ~eoro~ Nideve~. Nidever relates how in January 1836.hi and his· men were attacked by Northwest ·1nd:ians, possibly from the "Llama"; a·ship ,., " taking otter in violation of M~xican law~ Nidever mentions a "large cave"·on the northeast side of the island "close to the present wharf." which apparently served as his camp and in this case his refuge also.24 In 1841, about the time Nide\•er made Santa ?.osa Island his hunting base of ' • ,•,; ! -.J --:.:. '·"" " - • - ''f;~ . • ,. - :Li ., -. ~~i-- •..• ; .... · . ~.-._ _ -~~".·~.-- - _ ;~-.. .-;_J~·~L.::.-,,:,,,,;~.:..;, -~.:.. ~~.::_;~-'°>->-~;.: r~;,~~-~~~:~1~~~;J~~~~~f~~,~tZ~:~~~.~~~;1~~;~~~~·~~~~y~:~r~~yT!~t.L~~,~!_~::1:*~;%~~~~::~~;}·;· " :,.. _·" ·' ~,. • . ., ' •J.,_ operation~\ Saf!ta Ro~a;JsJand ._w.~s 0 gr..~nt.~d to ,Jose:Casfro .tli~ Gover.nor of.·Alta · C~liforni~, Juan Alvarado. On O~tober 4, 1843,. Gov~rncir -Manuel folicheltojena, ,re,,.granted the isJand cf S.anta.Rosa to.Carlos and·JoseAntonio.Carr'ilro.~5 \- - -,. 0 ' ,, ' -~,; I ,· ;•, . ' 1 \< • V' --When Mexico gained political 'independence frcim Spain, the-id• r~ Mexican c . - - .. ' ' ~ . ,. -· _, . -· . - - ,- ' 0 constitutio~. :.makers developed new, policiesc which 'included incre·asing th·e · '"numb.er .. of· rancho land grants. Grants could be made to .foreigners willing· to · .·. - • c . ' be naturalized an.d accept the Roman Catholic religicin.26 On.'November 2, lS43,· . . , _Santa. Rosa Island pa_ssed in.to th·e· ha_nds of Carlos Carillos' daugh~er.s, e~ch. ·of ~ whom had ~arried ~n American.27. E~ch daughter held an··,;~ndivided 'half. int;rest" in the i sland.28 In 1843. the. t~o Americans, John»Coffin Jones and.·; Alpheus B. Thompson; who .married in~o 'the• Carillo- fam_ily, quickly .formed a . j 0" ,. •. - ,.~- - business partnership and began stocking the isl_and.29 Accor.ding!> to '.Ross Ga.st. ~ • • -' u • • ' ' ~ - ' ' , • c - ,. ..,-,. 1~.Contentious Consul: Biography of. Johrd:offin J~nes~-.J~nes pu'n:ha~~d the ... :'.- - · ' . - ~-·-::·~·: -,·' , - "· - ·· · "·o· , - · ' ·· ' - 1 i'v~stocic with "his own f~nd~ and .Tho~pson ·assumed control of .the operation~.· ~·~ _:'The: pr.oceeds . we.re to b~ sh.a red ownership of the island. Jones received an inj_unction -from the 2nd District Court in Santa Barbara to stop the sale o.f cattle and also a change in venue to the 3rd District Court in"Monterey because Thompson was "entrenched in political fabric of Santa Barbera" an·d Jones.could not get a fair hearing. Eventually in 1857, after years of litigation, the suit was resolved in Jones' favor.31 When the cas_e was finally settled, Jones ,was in ill health. He instructed his lawyers to open negotiations with T. Wallace More, a Sar:ita Barbara cattleman, who had expressed an interest in purchasing the island. More offered to buy Santa Rosa for $35,00D,---$12,000 in cash, the balance due in two years. Eventually, the More brothers-acquired the entire island.32 ,,,_, 1 - - ,· ·.-. : •• ', ..~rl •• -.-~~ •. ~ .. ' '/ __ ,- -'"i..- ~.- • ...... ~.- •.••, li'i ...... ll'"'ii.,il'il-····~-··' ...... J·iii!: .•• ;.m'.,;·.;,·-..;..,;,,;;,,";,.;;,t:-.,;,'-.- ...;.· .,;;.-.;;.~·:;;..~'-;.;;·,;,:,·..;...:--.;.;...;;.:.~..:..:-----.::.-.::...•.o...--"-"' 'r!!: ,, --\.-"':: ~- ,._ - t~~~~tw;~~::3¥~~/r;:1~~~~£~f~7~:~~~~~tr~:~?~t-?-~C}:J57~l?f~~~~;~~·5f..,~.',~'f+~';r~"'~ ~. . ' ~~:· . ' ,, ' -Alpheus, Thompsci~ builf _the fi~s~ s.tr~cture on the isl~nd.~3, The, conditions of _.t~_e,M-ixican land grant,stipula_ted that ,a,,house. must_ b~ built-,,and_~a~tle be ..,_ raisitd. ·When 'he first· ~ame· to the island in:lS44, Thompson brouglit with: him:. - - - , - ~ _:; . . . . - - - ' ' " " ' ., . ' "· ' ' . . 270 head of cftttle, and ,late:- t_hat same·yP,ar 51ewes,.2 rains and .9 ho_rses. A" ,car11enter was also-brought toe build t'he fir~t house~_s well as.two cor,rals;' Accordi~g 'to ,Holland, "The firH house was small, 24 feet_. long, 15 Jeet w-id~ and 9.feet. high. It was a 'good pla11k ·house' wit~ one door, one glass window;'. {J one corridor and a shingle roof." In 18,55 it was stil-1 standing l>ut by then. Thompson had built a "large ranch house in ,a cyp,ress grove" which reportedly Was still standirg in .1939.34 -, -,Under i.hompson's m;nagem.ent ih·e ;-~land ranch apparently, prospered; each>year ' - ' ' _., ' ' ·v,aqueros w'e re brougtit· to.- the' is l'a nd to bra rid cat t 1 e. By 1-8.52 the· .ranc~o: -, • ''_ ,__ ' • ~- ,- !-' '~ h.. '~" • • '• , I - • ,, ' - ~ •. ' ' L" ., .'.reportedly ;had:an in_tome ·of';S38;ooo. It was ~lso in 1S52 that ,Dixi'e_Tho_~psori; Alpheus' n,eph~w, broug_!lt3,000 more she~p to t~.e -isla~d~ By 1857the r.!!n~ti' consisted of 8,000 hea'd of cattle', 2,300 sh~ep and 235 horses. Refiortedl_y Thompson also brought·:_;'a lot of hogs, rabbits (sic), etc •• 35 The years Thompson manage~ the island ranch were also years of great p~lit~cal turmoil in California history. From 1822 to 1B4B the number of American residents' in Alta California had been increasing. The expansionist !llOOd in the United States -fired by the Texas revolt in 1836; helped step up Am_!?rica's push to the Pa~ific. Sy the 1B40's ·America's "manifest destiny" was to extend its borders across the continent. In 1B46 the U.S. and Great Britain signed a. treaty establishing the 49th parallel as the boundary be~wee~ British and American North America. In 1842 war broke out between the United-States and Mexico. "Californios" ha Womens Gun" w.here Santa Rose's former owner, Jose Antonio Carrillo, enabled the Californios to acquit themselves with honor. However, the surrender at\... . '' ~ ' ...... , f J,-, - : ;, r .~ .~ "J~~-· -~ <.:-· -;;:::~~,~~:r~~f~:-~:-:,::~)7:'1>~;:~:1~t#':~,;:~;~;1t~:;.:r~;~~I~:;,~~:s?~~:.<.~f~"~:~~,f;~~~:~}~~~~?~~f~'~Ei. - ,,, - - - .~' :~ _;-; . - , .·'j '·~,· - ~ 1, , • - , • ,r;-._ .:' __,. : :·_:::L!-;_= 1-~_1- __ r· fahuen ga~began ·a. new ~e,ra in Ca lfforn i·~ as ~rgan 1z~d res i s~ance ~o A,mpi can,_ 0 . .· occupatio~ ceased,36, , the San~a Barbara area, Santa Rosa was also an ope.n range which el,iminated the need to construct a costly fenc~;37 A spectacular cattle .boom in 1849 was the natural outgrowth.o~ the Califor'r:iia gold rush~ Pr{or _to 1848 a typfcal .ste·er was wo.rth about ·.s4 a head and wa.s .valued for' its. hid·~· and tallow. But·the California 'gold rush .created an . ,· ) - ·. . . - -,. . . ' -' ... expanding market.. The rise i.n catt,le Prices continued for :Seven yea rs, SO~e • - • • + -: , • • - - -. ' - ::.---~ ,. '~. :;. - /'. • --~--: - • ~ - "" .. ranC'hers'receTvirig'as IJIUCh as $75a·.he~d.'.' Beginning in 1855 th_ough_; .. dem}nd'. "-\, '',;, - ~ . ;. for c·alifornia'range stoCk'declfned, owi.~g·p.ar.~ly to the introduction of: 0 cattle from 'the .Miss.iss.ippi ·and His'so ~~i vaue;'s,'as wen as rising nunib:~r.·.~( · - '_-, - ' i mp9rted sheep. In 1855 a severe drou.ght forced ranchers t() sell stock' at sacrifice prices. By 1860 the price per head fell to $10 and even at that· ... price the're was little demand. Reportedly, there were over 3 million horned cattle awaiting sale in Calif()rnia. Pedro Carillo wrote "Everyone in this. . . town (Santa Barba ta) is broke ••• cat t 1e can be bought at any price; rea 1 estate is not worth a thing~·.38 Th.e ·santa Rosa ra.nch also suf.fer.ed. In 1858, the steamer Goliah of ''San Francisco transported 8,000 head of cattle .and 2,300 sheep to the mainland_. This was the last such shipment until at least 1B60. But in 1858,, coi'ncidirig w·ith Alpheus with Thompson's death, a new era in ranching began as the More family acquired an interest in the island.39 in 1860 T. W. Mores one-quarter interest in Santa Rosa was valued at S3,125; there were 1,000 head of cattle valued at $3,000 (a mere $3 a head!), 2,000 . ·. ~"i..,,. - ,.. ' ..... ;."'='"· ...... J .... ·· .· ..... :k .. ·. -;, . ..1':--::. ,/. ·- '.:.....,. ' ; sheep,wer·e· at Si.500 and ioo .horses were assessed at.. ·$5Qo}O:, ~ . ' ~valu~d.'- , ·ran i'ng .c·attl e prices~ _flood, ·dr'.'oughLa(ld ·debt along ~ith 'the f~a'r" on.' t~e' 1p'ari· • ~ ; ' ; ~ < , _, *~I r of 'southern rai:cher.s,that they would:be t~xed out of existence by "norther,n · . .. . . ', . ,; ' . , . ' . . . . ' ' -,.. , . ' , " .• . ~ - :' ,':· , ranchers, led to a separatist7 movement in February· 1859; 'San Luis 'Obispo, i' I ,,.,.; J , ~ ' - " , . '- - - - ,-, t ~ ,Sa'nta Barbara,-. Los Angeleh San Bernardino~ 'and San Diego .count ies 0 m_oved to. .: - • • :-: . , ~ • - '. ; ~- y -~~ '"form a new ,politica.1, entity called· the ''Territory .of Colorado". The·. preamb~e ~f thi.bill introduced into the.State legislat~re ~alled·l~r ih~ new t_errito~y ,to be· composed of these counties, ·~fnclu'ding. all the ·islands lying op'posife to its• adjacent coast~·. T~e. b,ill was. ratified by popular vote but the onslaught ~· - .. ,- . of American Civil War caused the_ bill to die' in the .Federaf_Corigress~ 41 ·:rhe·v.al.'ue of,c-~ttle'cond(IL!edt-~··plummet i~ theJS60's:. ~ri-unpr~·c.ede~t~d •I c, -', , ( ., L -.,.; • ' - ,. • I •:..,._ '-' • I ' •n ~\ •• ~ : • -,. r--" 0 .< I ,' • • ~.ra.iilstorm in'. December 1862,.· in which; it ·rafri'ed·',for one month, drowned .·.''·· ,. ·~ ·• 'c ";"'~- ',._ "'.·'" ,.''.·'..:: "'.· ,~·) - .. /'.~', .,,_ •. '/'._ .... > ,-·;_-.,,-,, - thou~and_s of Cattle,~ destroyjng-,poss.ibly·as much-:as'one-quarter o.f .t"~e st.ate,'s~·· .. taxabl,e wealt_h-,: The. to1_19wing :i,e~·r( 1Ush gt,as.ses added to. the f~tness of the herds and once againthe:market'could·not absorb the supply. > • > • I ~ < . Santa Barbara . , ' , c'ounty's ran.chers were in de,_bt arid _Sant~ Rosa's owners disposed of 2,0_00 head of cattle. The price of ·cattle "fa·s soon determine4 solely by the value of ' their hide---75 cents a head: By 186<1, the price of cattle ha·d dropped to 37 cents. ,While there h·ad been 1,234.,000 head of catt_le in California i'n 1B60, by 1870 tlier.e were only'6!0,000---a drop of 46_p~rcent.42 The decline of the pr.fee of·cattle was partly the result of th·e· growth of the sheep industry. In 1B50 there was 18,000 sheep in California. By 1860 there .were over a million of which 50 percent· were raised in southern California; 65,000. in· Santa Barbara County al one. The More brothers generally prospered, because their investments were diversified into cattle, horses and sheep. As time passed, the Santa Rosa Island stock _of cattle was reduced and the island became .p:-incipal ly a sheep ranch.43 J 1.~, -;;;;.,~»(;i.t"'-·~'"'?i<*~1:'"'''Yi-_,-.r,,,-:v<;·-r--:1."'"'-~7"'"'~"'-ir.--":'•~r-/l~"~\l""':ii.'-'<~4,~R?~~-~-..,Jf"::·mc:ll'i:-tlt'"~""~"'~~~'>'..!'1<-"'<1"7'"'- i\~~;~:;:~~tJf~~n~~{:i~~J~~~~~{r::-~~f ::·~~;'t~t:£' 1~5~!~:~rz~~s;f 2;;''":·· 1 ' ', s_i nt'a 1 R_Os ~CtS·.1-~ n~·iw_,a s-~_a_!'l: i·~~e·a 1~-P1 a.~~- t·~ _ra .ts~ stf!~p-.:~ 4 ·,,~·a~ t-:1 e·s~ a k es~,- .. ~-~~~~-,_~-~ i; ;~ :·_: .. - 0 _·· ~ ··-, > - '"\ '. -~ - ••• '." --. •• _c., l J:~ -~ ... ~·-.:-~.--~~- '"-..''"-"~~ ' - ~ ·• J .~.";_~ ' - • were a.real thf.eat to, mainland, sheep ·ranchers, were, non-'exi_stent on ·the''i slariif' ',• -~nd ~conse~uentl'y'.tshe,ei-. -~~~m;d, U!l,~~,~~~e_d:: Ch:rl,~s' T'ow~; -~-~- ~he~~~~-~-- E~:p~~e:/_ ~ ~ro(e -'!These i~land~-'.~~e-~ near; pa\ra~fse fo~''sheepman. ·'._with a-b~·rl'd~~;~~~n'~ ~ , _,, -~ ,,'.";'.'' _,,_. I,-'--... :~:-:· [·:~~·•I ', - ~--·,,.''(:1:--Y1,;-,1,' nour.ishing forage, ,a\mild 'climate', isolation ~fr.om all possib.ie irifecf~-ori-from:- .' > .1 -,t ··. - ,_ .· -.,.: -, ·"" , 17·::;-.. ,. , , '" _ c'-!, mainland' animais! ,no:,cha-nce of ;sV~ying .or -~efn~ kill~d ,bl, ~redato'r:}<.mfn~~ls_',: _,.the only_ rem~ining hazard is drought_, and ev_en ..this .has '.'alwa'ys"been less' - frequent ~nd l~ss seve~e ,than on the' niafolan·d •• 45' ' - .~ . - ' . '_, - ,,- The greate_st 1>rosp~rity for' sa:nta Barbara; county she~p ranche-rs -c_ame d~ring • I - ~ ~ l ·• the American.Civil War: Cotton was in short· supply and wool°·for uniforms-'_w~s J.. ; ..r - ' - in; high;d~mand. Sa~ Francisco-~be~_am!! the·chieCwool market.:· Eye~,~fte~-,t~~-; - .:: ' - - " ' . ' , _. ~ :ci_vi), 'War the she'ep indust~y -contfnued. to 'pros~~r. The cifoughl of lS71-''72 -. ~- '.::. __ ---~ -'. ~·- ~--~-_~'.;' f _- -. __ • ' • .""' - !:- -"_. __ .· \-' _- .-~-- "":~~)._;~:'.···" -, . v ···5'-~:~ ~~ i_~ , , ' , -.t'aus'ed- some"concer'~n oil' the :pa_rt 'Of- ranchers 'but;it 'wa S _the droi:rght, of'J8 7,6:. 1 - ~· '.' -· """'·-,~-~·.~.. :· ',_ <•_, _·; r • '-~,···,~··,, - '.'•} "•L'-• _,,·~-- 1877'th~t c'r-~ated ~s se'..•ere an e~onomic crisis;-fo'r·sileep r..anchers:asC~_ad'- , , . . --- ' -- - . - - ,. . .. . ' . - ~ . _- . •' ,, .. . - "<;_:,, Ou~ing the 1870~s. - Santa Rosa .had-approximately 60,000 graii ng sheep. · Gre~v-:· storing barns, shearing rooms, stable's, pe~s and sheds were built by the Hore brothers. But the 1876 drought also was 'de'vastating t,o the Santa Rosa: 1si;and_ ranch. '-A great ''matanza" was- held.and many sheep were killed-for_merely•thefr tallow· and wool. About 1 ;zoo sheep per day were slaughtered; liut the price'~- - ' obtained-for the tallow and 'skjns were' high enough to make the mat~nza profitable~ 47 Even though the_ price of ~heep declined aft-er 1876, sheep ranching re~ained the .central activity of the island as long as the Hores owned it. If Thomas' Stork is correct, 1>erhaps at one time there may have b'een 125,000 sheep.on the isl_and.48 Life on the Santa Rosa Island sheep ranch was unlike. that of any other sheep- ranch. No herders were required as the island was divided into quarters by "{_. ~1·r~~\)t~~~..... ~~~~,.;.(r·-·-J..~'~~~~_J.., Ai'cordi n9 t_o Wil fi~m Thayer in Marvels ·of the :New West "In June :1887; More ' "·1«-· • ,.....; : ., r f ' _ , . _ "I'' _ - ~-- _ •' • -~fi·lledJ,014 sacks, a.ver~ging 410·pounds a.s_ack, ·maki~g a tota.l of41~,74_0 P.t -tw~nth.;.s~ve~- ~,nd one.;ha1 f cents a pou_n,d, t-he~.woo1 br.o~ ht "";, -. , - ._. ' ' 9 s21.z,349.~s,!>. n~ttinghi!'.1.·a profit of more_th~n sso,ooo~ Sh,earers were pail ., . . . .__,- five cents a f.1 eece; At the mini mum output, 90 sheep a. day) a 0 man co~fo:'earn: . - ' • - J >' - -._- "< ,- -~ • : \ • - • -_, :.•.., "\I~ ;S4~5·o.a.·diy,_ o~'s200 for .the enti~e. Job. M~·;,y.· turned o_u·t 11.o··a, day, and one . . .. ' - . , ~. - - "'·''·; ' ..- ···:- ..,,',._': ~· ·..: - ,..,.- •', .. ·'' - ... ·~---.~·~· ) -, '!si:d ft" avera'ged -125 .... Twice':a' year• the 1 ittl e schooner.. 'Santa .R.osa'., inade-,:. \, ~ __ " :'·1-". ·_ ·-:,T~-- ~ :·_-, ...~'>_.~,.'_.;--,.~->:- -~· ... ,~_:''1'._,_'J-~~, .__;~-· . --~--.:.--:·r,".~·:_/? :';~~.;.:;· ·:.:.v~' ' 'round trips_, t 0' San F ra'n c'i sco'. f or1 SU pp 1 i es ,'·de l:i ve"r..fog the 'wool 'C 1 i p on :the, -,; -. ··out.;,boun~ voy~~e>s~- '. . '" . ~" , ·c • , .:: --~ " ,. •Much of 'th~· sheep shearing .was perf_ormed by Chinese and.Mexican laborers,~.·- - ,_ -' ' - - - recruited in Santa Barbar:a ·and brought to, tli~ island for the important weeks ' ,, -· . -''"' of shearing. :when the strenuous, season was .over there. was a •grand;.·finale••• a kind of {iesta, mostly dancing in .the shearing b'arns". ·There also was a period for hunting wild boar., the. "little gray-foxes, ·and tender little-deer p~culiar to the Channel Islands:;,51 Sport hunti~g of Santa Rosa's wild boar as,well as the other i~troduced species probably began in the 1870's. The. main ranch house was visited by, ryotables includi'ng the western oil painter Frederick Reming~on_ who in 1S99 spent several days on the island "horseback ridi~g,~nd hunting wild b6ar~~2 Some island visitors re.cognized Santa Rosa's recreational potential. In 1874, just two years after Yellowstone was established as this nation's f.irst national park, J. Ros·s Brown in _the Overland Monthly first suggested the '-:.,_-...;_! ~· ,- /'\).._, ,'..·1:) ~ ~ >)" -...- ~. ..\_ __ .,_~.~--:-r~u<:":.~»..~!·.~- ~ ~:;·:~~ ~:>:\ .. t~~~~tf~!i~~i~~0~t~~~S':3J~Tf~0~!::r,· .> poss·1 bil i ty ·of:.making,.Santa, Rosa.' a.:touri sf attract ion. · ·Br:own>di scussed:;'.tiie> · y ,. ··~,' ,-'(' . "\. ' - < ·~. ;:- • "- I . . . • . - • . • ' . • . • - • idea~with. A. P. More·i!nd pi_ctured.in his m/~d a'·:m~gn.ificf'nt\)ark·~.:a< pres~r~e·.·~ , . ·o· for"th.ewild'-game of the contin~nt""' Bro~ri e·n~isfoneidividing ih~;iSla"nd;:~:~.~: •• " ~... '- ." • ,·___ .... • ~-<"' '~). ~. -~. - =-~~ ' ~,,, __,:· ,·;. ·~fJ"~~;: ~ -~ porHons pf ro,ooo or l,s.ooo ac/es an~1fthen stock.Ing ttl.e s_ub~iv_isio~s:~fn · buffalo:' e'11c, d~er, ant~lope ·and other ··g·ram~ivo~~us~ anima~s c~mmi:iri to th~,/< • 0 ~ -.~ " r'enirite. anl thinly settled pa,rts_. of 0°Ur' c~ntiil~nt:". sj·:. ;) ...... ,...... ' Brown· also recogni.~ed' :,that the island· also. po_ssessed·great conimercia1 potent i a 1. He described the i sla'nd as an a r'ea that could 0 be re 1 i e.d upon 'for . . . " .. ' - ... ' "heavi crops during_ the .next twenty years•. He noted that "Bar_l ey had a 1 r:eady, •. 60 70 'been successfully~ cultivated, with~ a . yie.ld- - of. .or. bushelS to 'the ·acre and ~~ specula_ted that· "in the slielt~~~d valleys;c·~o.st 'of the. fruits known to: -, ' . . ' . ...., ~ . . temperate climes .;o~.ld.f.1,ourisr. H:~·~rivi~~o~n_ed.t~af~.h~e'isla.!l~;~'?u,1\be<- .. .J · ,H~yide~·i~to',farm.~.~f2q? to 3_Ciq;ac~:s,~a~/~san!a Ro;~ ~.ould ;~e a~.exc~lJ~~t,· , "- · cl,_ field' for a g~and d1l9ni"zati~n enteFPrize". S4 .. , ·unlike ii'eighboring ·Santa Cr~z i~~l~nd', where a _colony of F,_re~ch and Italian'. immigrants was' established,. Santa Rosa r~maine_d· a» sheep ranch thr9ughout; the " hctl"'d . 19th century. The ~-packed adobe soil combined with the absence of t,imber gave" a rather bleak appearance to the island" which was perfect·for .. she_ep raising. Each valley was filled with an "imp·enetrable growth of alfil_~ria, .. wild. oa.ts, bur .clover, ~ative. grasses, we.eds' and various nutritous her.bs'. suitable for pasturage". Roads. for·,wagons andc'carriages had beeii const~uc·te.d by 1871 p~rmHing travel to ~he m~·~·t import.ant.div.isions of the island.SS Even in 194S, nearly SO _years after the commerctal, sheep raising had ceased,· Charles Town. in wrote of Santa Rosa Island "the future may see the revival of a bu.siness which once constituted a most picturesque phase of.California's wool growing, as well as the chief mutton supply for the youthful settlements of Los Angeles and San Francisc~ And passengers and crews of coastal craft • IT!ay again be cheered by the sight of green island uplands dot~~d with whfre ~ 1 " "" ~:" :. ~- ,_.. _,., '. ' ) .-.1~'"':".)~~-~-.. ""... -.::_, .. fi,?~~~~:;;~~~s~~~~~J7~®$~~$~ ..~:it~~@t:~3t~~,,~ffeB'~;t'i~~~w~~rif~,,~:J: ~I&~~r;..r~v~~~c:~·~~:' ;~r_~{~:~-~~ ~~;~~(~~{,~:::~~'~:<~T-:~;~~~~~;~~~, .,~ :J~t~~~r:t~,~~-.; ~:'~~~ ~'·:~;-\~~:~~~,~,-~-~;~:\:~~;~:,~/rt>~~-·· floCks, )~1~~eep agai ns_t the se:~;.) 6 ~, .,; ! > : ,, ', \ '. '' ' .· ' '. ', 6 . •'' ·Ir 1,901,,_s~n'ta Rosa .changel~ands .orice .. again. "wafter L. VaJ1'.··£iward N.'1 vail~ -, I • ~ c '' < - , - ,"' ~-' ~ : ;· ~ • ,. , , .' ..4 Mahlon Vail, N. R• .Vail, Alexander Vail an'cl'J. v.·vickers purchased 'the ·island ' > r ~-.' ' - r: '- ' ' - '; - D - ' - " ":.',. l - _, 'f·,- .,-, • ,- ' 0 fr~m the varfous :heJrs ol A. '·P/ Mo;~:· In ,1go4'.th·e i si'and wa·s· st~cked w:iiti,' . . , - . ..', ' . ~ ' - ' tc. • •. ' • . . ' ' ' .catt.le and from then ·on. the)shnd was devote.d to the raising and :finishing ·of her~iord bee('sto~k.~7 ;h~~VaHs i nt~oduce ·mo·r~ Roo~ev~lt .Elk in 191.4, -~~d Canadian Elk in ~he l?JO's; ,mule deer from Kanob, Utah,, was also introduced at -~that time. S,?> ' ' .• Although Santa .Rosa,~s: primary' commercial, activfty·continued t'o be .. the raising ' .I - - ',. ,;._, of cattle, o.11 deve.lopmerit and the impact.of the'mflita~y's:presence on the 0 island ~re.importa~t ~s~.e·c~:~,~f,Sal),~a·R~sai/hisi~~Y'.~ · .·. /·-:: :·, ·' Although it is difficult to see.any evi~ence of the oil company's historic presence on the island; the pre~ence.of.the military· is still;very evident: The abandoned base. at. Johnson'.s Lee, where the Air Force's 669th Ai ri:raH Control and Warning Squadron ·!'las statio,ried, is noteworthy: At one time ..this base was staffed with 200 Air Force personnel and 30civi1 ians. It was th~ western most stat ion of the ·Western Air Defense Systems in Ca 1 i forni ~. 'rli'e .. , .base maint_ained a 24 hour rada.r sky wat.ch of the,southern California coast with the mission to identify and track every inbound and outbound, plane whether it be private, military or commercial. Observatory towers on remote peaks approximately five miles inland from Johnsons Lee, scanned the skys to ·'·,\;,I.. ..:''.:,. ~ .... _.,'.~... '--~~ ~.,:.,.{:~~-,~~~:~-,,k ';\· ~ ~:.: -J~ ~~~?~~~~j:~i)~{ff~S°'~~'*~,:'~~;~V('Y~~~~~~33~c'; ·· ' gi v'1(:wa'rni ng of the approach of enemy. ai rcr.aft; 'IF.an· airplane. could '.not:; be' ~ .r,,-_ "•• ·--~-r''""'·"r;-""<' ~-- '·-.r--. r. ~ .,_ • ~ ••• • ; ···•. • t '. - .J ,· :.... ~ ~ ·'!'" . - identified, lighter pl.anes were scramb'led fr.o.m mainland Navy_ or Air:'F.orce -· ' '-; u -...... , ~ _, h. ' • /' _·,, - ,. - -· 'bases. 60 ci - J _.,,, - '. • 1 .Unt i1-1953, ,the -op~ratfon of. fhe 669th Squadron ~B.a~e.: ~-as '."li,~~hl_y 'cla'ssi f!eii.l' In.. "19 . 53 .ho we. ~e,:.:: . Los : Ange. ' :.. les-"Ti < )' in·;s -' c·o,rrespo~dent, . - . , Charles-...... Hi 1 li .n'ger , ·and.. ' .·a " photographer became the •f.i rs t .new spa per crew' to vis it the.base. in us· five _, ·,, . •' . . ·' - ' ' ...... -yeaf history. :A revealing-sf~ry appeared in the Li>-s A,ngeles Times on.Dec·e;ber 13,· 19S3. -L.ater, _Hillt~g_er's e~p-~nded .articcle app~ared inh'~s:~ook The,. Channel. Islands. 61 ,The, hi story of the 22gth Squad_ron, and the island's 'i mpor'tance ·as an early •. warning' 'sta'tion d~r'ing:the ~cold ~ar·~. and its' mi:~s-ion to fo~~tall- a surp~,ize; - '· • • ''' .... ' -(\ ' • • '• - I .·', •• Cl• : • • .,_ : '.- ' ~ ·•. . ~' - ".· - ; '-"' - - . r (,' . • ' , • •. . ', • ' ,. .._,.. - ~ - ' ./f aerial a.ttack .by.an 'enemy:,ii'a'tion, inay_consti:tute.a signif.icanfchapter.• in , , ·~ • ' '. •'. '. '." { • ' -~ ';_, • '''' i•''_': I ' : • : • l I - ) " 1• • - '_ - 0 " . -, , ." < ": ; mi 1 it~rY.'~hi'story. ·,''The~ r.et~r-~~ 'of :vari OUS' ~ilitaryArchi~e~: p-;·,ob~bly '~.oiit,ai n , __ '.,- .'-·.,. .~. ·-~_,.,::-~:·~~;_. :,,.::_~ .. ~l~· .,' :-·_' ·".· .-- ':·. ···._,_'-- .. -_ .... _ - .. "., .. ',-·. _.~:.;·>:. ·'useful iinfo.rma.tion· descripti.ve o'f station's. impo·rtance and· its:'uni_que_role' ' - ' • , "'' _, • .. " - '' • "' f l _· ~ -- • ~ •' '· during the ~oll war• er;a. 'The' observation ·~tructures anirad~r ~ousings ass.ociated wHh the Johnsons Lee base, with their ~labora_te .water cooling systems, clearly are ,illustrative of a earlier .far less sophisticated era .of militar}· technolo~.62 The military presence is evid~rit in other locations besides Johnsons Lee .. One of the.more interesting sites is the U.S. Army base nestled in the hflls in . ' ' ' ·, an area where the army.hoped it wou,ld be sheltered from.the constantw.i.nds. Constructed in 1942-1943"). this base also served as an aircraft early warning system base during World War il.63 Santa Rosa Island, though one of the largest of the Channel Islands, is one of the least studied. Although cartographic surveys and early biological' studies were made in the 1870's, the earliest documented scientific collection from Santa Rosa was made by botanist G. w. Hartford who accompanied the Coast Survey Team in 1873. Hartford's work stimulated more interest in the island ;~ ,~: :'"' -··r -;; 1' _<_.,.~ ..- ~~... _.__,_,_i:~:·~- .... ~ -~ w•>f"'.....'-,,,,;.~,;.:._.=~L~· .,..,:'.~~· .·"·:.'-'.-'~·-'; •.: <. ',-,; ' ·'. /_. ··::t· ~::-/.,,~·~ ,. y~Hµ.r~.r.,,..,.~~1~..,_~_;r.~-f;r~~~~-~~.. :1y,1: .. -:~....-,J~-~-~?V::~:.~~:..•;:.~~~{~~~-:'~~~~:~~~ .. v~:~~~;~~~;r;·~~"~. ,;~~~.'.::~~~~':'f ·J~~~:g;(~!:'f~t'~~,f~';,g~'.':''f§;<;x~ff :y:9;J~n,t:'~~s?~S .·... ; ,"- by:· th~e,. ;crent i fi ~'.'com'muni'ty:·6 4 : :' ,_' ? , , • · ',> • - - ,'T '.: • ~ ~ .... , 'r • l '· ~ I _ -:' _., , ; . ', - ,- i.. , ,_ ., •.• - :oi, par'ticular:'int'~-~es·t ·t~:· anthropologists:,and '.histoVians is. ·the'.islandt .»,. , .,, _·._ '., ·•,c· .. ,_,, , :- ' -- . • ,· - .. ·"_·· ;.- . . -·-. c{ ~-·,, : , _.: '" ·.. ". ,"-,·>''· , assochtion,.with early, man' shes. Severa:l archeologist.s, includf;ng Stephen: .. _,_ " :;owers ~ri~ Loi'enfo Y~tes (1S76), Gus·t~v-ens·e·~ {1~~7).· Phf,llfp Mill:~:-j~n,~i- .: '" · · -: .._;c.,,i"",, >,, ·., ·. ·. >·:· · ' · ···:- , .• ', • .- - ., ... •:.: ._ ·_-1 .(1901'), -o'ay.id:Burks Roger~. (i'9r7l ... •H.,.Arden .E!l,wa_~ds ·(1g29,.1930)_, '.Ar.thur ~~ . ,_ . . _, - -, ,. -' ' . , - ' .. ·w.oodward (1939; 19~1), John, S~r.ader (1941) and Phil.Orr. (who, be9frih,fng 1,;' ' () ' • • • I 0 • • •' ' < - ' 1946 and 'fntermfttently. for the.next 21: years), made s'igniffcant contributio~s • • • "' I ., " ~ • ' ·,·, ~ - ~ ·, • J ',. t!? the study of the' archeol ogi'ca 1 resources of ,Santa Rosa l'SJ and. Phi'l Or~~ . ' '! :- _\ camp, near Skull GulChi. is a reminder of·the work performed !>Y 'this pioneer'of ._,) Santa Bar:~ara. region archeology.65, . -~ :Btrilogtsts·have al,so.colle~t~d and:stu~i,ed isl~~d ··speci,men·~. In l8.7,~t··~-~-;-, .- . , .·' ' -.. , ·.', .. : -. ". ',, ~~-_, ... _,·,.-.,'_,.- ",-·-,: '. ::,·:_ ... ,_. ,· Kellogg and Mr. 'Hartford· were. the·ffrst.;botanfciil collectors to come to Santa•, ·• ·. ·, , , ·-~,«- ./", .. ·. };.:·. ·:.:;_ ----~~-". ,·'_,,:7 • ·, ·';' •• ~;\· ·.:: ,, _...... ,·, , . ;.~ yea17s researchers from the Santa Barba-ra ·Museum of Natural Hi.story, the s_~n.ta Barbar.a Botanic Garden, as well as individual researchers from local univers)ties have studied the island's flora and fauna. 66 SUMMARY \, Santa Rosa Is.la.nd's .history is unique among the Channel Islands. ' '' .It's. archeological ruins suggest a presence ·of early man, as well as Chumash fndians. The island i.s associated ·with the. earl.i~st European explorers, and:· possibly is the resting place of Californi~'s discoverer Juai Rodri~uez Cabrillo. The island was ~n importc:nt base of operation for fur hunter_s,_ including George Nidever in the late !Bth and early 19th centuries: Though 'originally a Mexican lend grant, entangling legal disputes over. land ti.tles , ' .-if'{ < '\. j - ...... - -..J.--- __ , _ ., _..,.__ : ___ ,, -~.'t.~... -,1',, ~ -:-:{ .:-"1-; .,.;~._;_:' !?'.~~~'?Y0~~~~0f-(7;-;~·~7~!W'.*~pF,?:~~~il~~~r:~.··~ and: poss;~_~ary in.terests ar·e. 11 iu.strat_f ve .of. t~~· cour:t ba~tl.e's that·;e~sueih1". )~ -, . •' ~: \':'.' :,:. ;--"---~·· ... ,·~·.-~-.,;-1 ··~~;;,- . , .over .California. shortly: befo.re an~.> after:· Me~i can .i ni:lependenc.e; •'-and fntci. th~ . ." ., 0 ,;·,,. : ";' " ; \ :. .. :; . ····"'.c •.',,-".:_,·:, early American period. The de.clin_e~of the ,Span,sh California _cattle· industry, .. th'~. r 1 s~ ·a.nd:~v~·ntua 1, .coli ~;se ·:; -th~ sh~ep he~d~ ~g,'i.~du s ~~Y--~~ ~· .ir~o - be . " • '' • ; • • • ' • • f \,/\, n -,.., • • k' :,, • .,. ', .; ' ' t ra_ced t~r.ough· the hi frory'.'of .the Santa ~osa I.s~ an~.· ranch ••. J.he_ island is '~ssoc1i~ed with notab.1e ear1Fcaiif~;n1a 1>01iticos. ~s ' ' ,. -. -·- , J ' we11· as nier~harlts, and ' ," -, ' personages of regional impo~tailce. As a hunting. retreat, the Santa Rosa ranch has ~een visited' by ~otable.fi~u~e~ includil)gFre~_erick Remi~gton, Sena~:;. Thomas ·Stor:k, and U. S. Supreme, Court Chief· Justice:.Earl Warren. ~ ' - - - - , , ', - - • --· - •• - > ~ ' ., Though lfttle is k'nowil,about t'he significance' of the str~ctu'res.·as·sociated ~. • ' - -1., ~· ' c • ,, I ' - ~ '_ \ • - 'with ea ,.-1 y oi 1/ exp l o~a t (on'. efforts; and' the.~ ni 11 ~ta ry ha ~-es·, that 'dot. .the;' - - _. . - - - ' ' . - - - ' . - ,. . ~· .,. ' ' . - - island'~ landscape. rou'ring· lior1d··w.ar I'r\~·nd the·'·~~ld war' era<" the rs.l~ii·d · .: .... ';,,,, .. ,_'· .. ·. ;. ,,,~-". ~-, ;;· ·•· ·~· ;:~ ,,·,,;'.'\. ·. '. . '\b ~· •. ':' ~:... , . -~~;~)_,' ' :~ 1,; :· ap~ar.~nt ly d.io' play a11, i mpor}ant>r'o 1e. in. the, West.er~ -~if. Defe11se: · S,Y'st~~· •. ,,. ,. 1 ' • : , " ~ -: -'.t.• ''· ;) ·, "'1 \ --~ ~ - ';·..!.f.·_~· ·- .. , J l...;;f_"" t ioday; the character of Santa Rosa,,i s·. th'at' of a cattl eCranch •. 'rsol ati on from .C'-_,, . .' - . ,; " -~·~· •· ,· .).'.e:.· - ·.. . ..:•\..,__'· ... ,_ ·:", ·:' ' .. ,. the· mainland, the.cha'r.m of''.the .old ranch as well.'a's the ,vast' rangelands .''· ' - .. ' . . . ~ '- - '. ,· ' - ' traversed by hereford cattle. and hunters s'eeking· Roosevelt elk,' deer and w,ild boar, convey to the vi sit or the .feeling that Santa Rosa is unique, It ·is a very special .. national park-_area; ·'' r~r~Z(~y~~~~~r~~~ft~~~r~~~~:rt~:.~~~~~~~~~~~)f:!~;::~-~~~:~t{f~{~~:r.-~~~ ';'- ;,_ ' I l""' ~ .... - i'- .(__ - 'l ~', - : _, ' _J:,,,1...,, - , !, ,.·..i' ,_, ,}, • ·,_ '1· '. ! rl'-'; L '· RANCHO VIEJO - NO LONGER STANDING The site of Rancho Viejo i:s.of·historicafs.igniffcance as it is wher•e the. ' ,O' ,, ' ' '' ' " Q,, ,; ' ' ' ' "~ ' ' '-·· oldest ICrio~I)~ struct1;1re on Santa Rosa lsl~nd rested• - '1:- The·:·first on Santa'.Rosa lslarid•was "a good' plank - ,. -· -- stroctu~e·: . - - ~on.structed• . . . - , , C- . - - tio~se;,·l . .bu i 1.t by a carpenter in, the emp 1 oy ,of Captain 'A 1 pheu s Thompson. , lumber was 1 1 • ·•,• \1 ' "'-...- ::• ( - I-.-• I'< _, - 'l • '--.. • • •• /brought over-to the islan_d b~ ship and.,a. ~hingie roof·,one room hou~e. measu'ring 24,..feet long, 15 feet·wide and 9 feet high was constructed. The structure had ·one_ door, one glass window: an_d· one cor-rido·r. In additiol), two corrals were built. and possibly a short pier. It was· standi~g in 1155 but its Mstory after .this 1>oint is· uncertain:l .', - • J , • - T'he l'o~a.tio·ri· of the .si~e, of :ihis" s~;uctu·~:e has no_t been :loc.ated. Hrs.~· ,- ' _. ' - ~ ' ' ' •• • -~, J .. ' - ,'_.,- Margaret.Woolley ahd Mr; Edward''Smi t~ 'were .. i nter:,vi ewed by King; .. both remember_ , 0 ~ . - • ' . - ' - ' . -· •,ll,, . -..... ~ ,- \ ~ . •/ .·:a sh'ack- locat~d i~ ;the ~icinity,o~',_an,o{~:/oadi at, the' end of th,e iSla:ntf.'.~::' '· 'refer'fei:I to on ~1 d' f!!aps as. "Ra_nch~ Viejo"2' The f!!ap, errone~~sly attributed to , '/ . · · . - '· . , · • ·. ·· : ' · · OM.I oT ao~:v.r;,..,+ly C. D• Voy, (ca 1890). indicates a structure at. "Rancho Viejo",11 mis-locates the structure. (See map in appendix 2. Two aerial surveys and one ground search also failed to find any evidence of a structure in the area). Most likely the shack referred to by Woolley and Smith is the weather beaten East End Shack·· . ;• e:...1\e v located in the "old· ranch" area near east point~~ East End Shack is not· i.~ Tho111pson's .fir~t hous'e~ .,.lf .is too,recent a ,structurerfnd· also the dim~-iisions• , ,·.; of the structure depicted in Mo_rgan's sketch differs gr~atly with the rileasur.e- ments indicated in the early period court records. The_ Rancho Viejo structure probably was not constructed near the present ra_nch compl~x. Although ranch forema~ Bill Wallace remembers that an old flag~tone "foundation" was discovered when the bunkhouse burned down in the late 1960's, it was probably the remains·of Thompson's second house.3 Dixie Thompson in a letter to A. B. Thompson mentions the "olde house" resting on t~e mesa. Most lH.ely however, the ft:rst house rested sol:newhere in the vicinity ·of the .. 1 ' ' • 'r '\ '-'~ 1 '".c'.'i-":...,,.., .. , ;'\ •.• ,- '~.~!..-;.;~~. : - r~::~:;". :l~.1'L..: r~ ·":-~ ~~?tY~~\:s~~1ift~;~~~~r,:r.:~r:''ff'J'.i~i~"'~ ·~, 1 _,;_ _ -'i ., <~ - ;( ~ ·f •':i·'- ' ,· :.._, I~ ' • ' • : ..\present day' !'old ran:~h'.' area in the ,vkinity ~f southeast anchorage·n~ar where'; '. '' - -;:,). ~ ·_;. -',. - _'\. .' ' ·the,:r,[rst wharfs were "onstructed. '"'c~~~) ~" A';c,ri t ica).· ~~view of :rtiom'p,son's corre~pondence and period co~ft rec~rds may' --... ;' ";'' enable f~tur:e:·r.esearchers .to P,inpoinb.th'e si.te. of; Santa Rosa's first• .·structu'Fe. Ass~c;iated ~tructure~ Jn the South Point area· that were documented incfudes an· ' . 0 , .... "·. . old "Duck alind" and the !'old ranch rou~d-up~. (s_ee ,photo she.et §1).4 2. Thompson's Second' House "Old Ranch" - No 1onger stand fog. Alpheus Thcimpson bui·lt; a second h_ouse between l845 an~ 1853., Ac,cordi ..ng .fo . Holland, .. i(.~as'.b'ui]t: near a ''.cypress gr:ove'.! at Ranch House, Canyon. - - -" !.,... ·,._ _,' ,....,~ :''- - . - -.. '"\·~ ' ,' .J( • ~ ; ' ' ·rhe.. ho~s~ ·. stood as late as 1939. Archeol ogi st Arthur :wo.odward, iii 1939v and 194l drew. a?· . ' ' . - : ' ~ ·. whic:h· d ~1ce·t~~-,_ J -~ of~ttiH, • \.._-\st~~ci:ure ' ~a!i"'.rab~i~ea, • ~ - ·,.:~·1 R~~~~ti·.~:.' ~.·,' ,.. ~ (P.· ..,1" - - --· ._ '.,,: - ~ -- ' ·- ' · Ron Morgan~ docume~~.s thf s structure i ri his. p~otographk· over:vi,ew and' i 11: ·his •' ( 'riotes. as "B.unkh'ouse on.Santa Rosa lslaricLas Remembered by J'i>hn Woolley".· - - - . " According to Bill Wallace, the structu.re burned down in Nov.ember 1969; ~he co.ok, Howard Anderso.n, was killed Sill Wallace also rememb.ers that when the structure burned a "flagstone" foundation of an ea.rl ier stru·cture was ./ ...... ,_..;; ;,c~ed.~--·- 1 App a rent l y Thompson.' s second ·hou.se was used by More and· the Vails' as' a . - ' " -· .boarding house for hired help. As King noted, thoug~ the bul.lding no .1.onger st~.nds the site "is. potentially significant because of the archeological deposits and historic artifacts likely t,o .be encountered."6 3. . More Ranch House - St i 11 s·tandi ng, Becher' s Bay A. ?. More's dwelling house is ·located on the plateau overlooking Becher.s Bay. The house is a New ~ngland salt-box type, _oainted white with green trim and has a green composition roo.f. It is believed to have been built by the Mores in the 1870's and it has been added to a number of times. In .the late 19th century an extension on the western side of the house wa.s made: An •outdoor ,, '· ·- _'t-· -~ - - ...... ,::..'...-'. <-.-t!--:-..,.1"-:?.~~._ .• ~ :'~.,'-~ ~ ,.;::.L,1 ...... t ,'·': ~.:.-~-;~·:~--- ,. ·- ,L ~~~:::r;~~~~~~:-r,q:;;::>E:l<}"!?J~')~~~~~~~~~~~~~?F~'·.· ' ' ~,: ·• ", j ; 1 -,_~ •f ' :;:. --~: ', kitctien'wa,s).lso.adde~. burinefthelate 1940'.s or.early 19SO'sanothe(: .. win9' ~ . ,' r.. ' '· ' ~ft:o. th~ hous.e;was c.onstruct~d ~ncluding ·a ~edroom a_nd a.bath. Dur_in9J'tiie: ;· 0 . ' 19 ?O's 'the ~i'd. ~i t~hen was e,nl-~ rged and -~o~erni zed. 7. ' - ' P f • • _. -· '. - • r · " ·~ , , , _.. ornamental:0 including jade tree, geraniam; monterey • cl • - plarit~- • ~ •• • ,, a~h. m~mo~a. pi~e. ·and a gr~\lnd c'over are just inside the fence·(see photo she~ts 5!2-3). There· is a separate.tool shed and a few.old ranch implements as well as·a.stack of " -; " . . _, . ' , . • . - • • - • - I • , .. ~ - , ~- , a_ntlers, lying within the· gard~n area_; . T~e 'exterior of the house appears· we.11. mainta.ined Jsee. slide sheets 4-~j. The interior of the hous~,is al'so in good shape. On the lst·no.or of-.th·~:t\10 story dwelling are two ·bedr~oms, ~a-dini~g~are~/~iving.~oomj - ' • and··~·kitcherl:and-a' " -- , •.f - - ~. -_All c'if the floors ar~:co~ere-4_ wit~ Hnoleum~ .The otitJi_ne:.of'th~"origina·i wood' 0 plank floor bo~rds are noti~~abJe-.in ~he entry hall:way: Origiilal w~lls a.r_e r . . • constructed of lathe and plaste~ while the more recent additions ~re of plywood and/or beaver board. The rooms have been repainted many times ·throughout the structures 100 year history; there was at le.ast an eighth inch· of paint on one windqw sill. The ~ldest layer appears to-be pale blue.'.Ttie main entrance doo,r today is white, though t~e original color probably was-a cream color. Turned banister posts run along the· lj steps· to the ~econd floor. Many of the interior door locks appear original to the structure_.· though modern toilet bowl fixtures (1975) and bath tubs are evident. Ranch Foreman Bill Wallace remarked that once the structure had a .bri~k· chimney and a fireplace in the living room. I was unable to find evidence of the chimney. Remarkably, many of the household furnishings are original to the structure "· (>- ', •K"t-·- ~,~·:"': 0;~Rm~~·~~~*i~~j?~'~(!~~f:Jf·~~~~~~~~~~~2f~?f~~f~'-- ·. ··~rid., ~a~e back, .~o· .th~~-f:lore. :perf~d ..,A. com~)ete be_dr,oom,,set::~onsi ~,tJ ng.ot:;a, -~ed,; · · ·.&.' 0 . - ,< . - );. :, dr,esser/f'.Jirror, .wa'shs~an.d, .two night _tabJ.es' are. iry use f,r(the~several ~edrgoms. •. In soine ,instances. t~ey, ~vide~t'e ··neglect~ ~nd;'h~~v~ ~'~s~. ',A{{o;;dfng \ ~ ) . \ ·., -" ,~ .' ' ,., "" ' .. ' ,..,.- ,' .. to Bill Wal lac~ t_hi s ~et was brought. around the ·Horn ~o~San, Franctsc~ arid ;t~e~): • "; ' ' .?' ', - •". < • • •. < • • , ' .:r_ f'- • ,JI,( · wer~ brou~ht to .the isl and. 1 ~. ,> - ..,, 'J . · Oth'er :f~rniture p~ssibly_ ass'o(iated ~ith the More perlod 'incl~d_~ a "Grand. Actio.n" upright piano. (Patent dat.ed 1873), a set of .four kitchen chairs, -~hree' . . . queen. Aniie style-chairs·; several oid prints, a large; oak k.itchen .tAble, ·.a cfock,. a· .brass . . .bed, . ,~ .a mar.ble- . dressing.table,. .. ·~ .a Secretary desk, and a· wick~r rock,~,r; ·a Frenc_h provinc.ial 'styl_e bedroom set is Jn tlie second floor bedfoom. ,, (See .. sl fde pages ?-'S)J · .. , The nouse h_as be'e~·'.·occupied by the Mor.es, ·.ranch foremen ·arid cowboys,'frorii 'b~~h ''# •' r ' J'-• ~' - ; J~ • '• ·'· • -~.· .•• _,' 1,·-.'·' .. ~ .-~;;~.~ ~:~·.,~·· . .,· ,t• ~- ~. ·,:;·:c ·;·:: ·,.~. -_- ; ~he Hore· and. Va 11~ and·· Vicker"peri od. BHl :wall ace-;noted that· the wife of,. one'.· .~f the.' f.i ;s ~- -~~-~l • a~'d; ~idke~~-s ;for·=~·a~·-; .a• wo~~ ~ -~ame~, '.'Mr'~. ;~·~.:~'~,: k'i.(1~d ' ' -~ • -- ~' ' '• - ' • ·~-'-. •. ' < ' f1. • - ., ~herself j n the, upsfa,. i. rs-. 'bedr'~o~. Senat6r Stork, F.redri ck. Remington, ·Governor. Ead Warren and 0th.er nota,bles have res~_dedJn this,house whi.le on hunting tr.ips. It continues to b,e used periodically as a h!Jnting lodge. According to K-ing the. More-ranch house "reflects the changing, nature of Ameriean society and its attempts to modernize".8 Altho_ugh the house has ·.been . . -J:' greatly altered,. ~th~ structure indeed ·does retain much of .i~s o~i,ginal• character and .fabric; !t also has historic value in its association. with. an impor.tcint California merchant family, ranch "superintendents" a·nd:hunting party gu~sts who have stayed there; It is the single most. significant. historic structure on the island. 4. ·New Bunkhouse.:. StiH Standing Two bunkhouses have stood on a 'site near Ranch House Canyon at the Bechers Bay complex. According to King, the first bunkhouse was "built by the Mores" for the men who sh.eared· sheep • believe the Mores simply modified Thom:ison;s . ·> ...~.- ·'-- " ~~~~~~12~;~~B~~~0¥;;~;~7~~:r~~~~~t~~~~~~1:ir~~~\~J~f;~~r;:~~~~. '" ',,·i,_ ·, ;,. L,.sh,aped.'sti-~cture:9, ·, ,. ,, .,·,. y.:< A ·~fi'oi~~ ro?m arid .. a 1 ivf ng room ·were d'ownsta_i,rs 'and,,bedrcioms were fi>tated · " • . ' I , - " ·-<, . ~ . upstai. rs. ~PP~(e~t iy. the, ori,g) na.1 struc't'u~:s·'. C?n.ta i}led nci ·k'i tc~e'n. bu't. one was • later:·L • '.., citt~.ched. This' st;uc'ture is th.e 0'1e,that was engulfed in a fir·e· in. - () -. ' • l November ·1969. . ' , , ~ ' . ' Morgan's slcetch'es 'incfode one of the bunkhouse as remembered by Woolley. - r • • • • • A on"e;.story, ~.bunkhouse... wa,~. re bu i 1 t on the same .s'ife shortly there. after. Morgan's notes'giv_e .a detailed sketch of this''structure. (See slide ~h,eet :g_L ·An ol'd,latri,ne 'stand~· ne~rby. . ·~ -1-" C - r ~- l;; s> ·.-.-.-Barris ' ,• ' . So~e', 300 feet nor~hw~st of the ma ;'~··ranch :are~fw'o large:;red .b_ar:ns b.el i eved',to~ -"y·. ., - ,-~1~A~- '~·".-~ ~.'Lr., ~: .·_..,~c • _:;_ ---~-o ... ••. ·,, - -·- -:_ :, -_,·-, ,·" .:.. ~ '.'. ·_,_,; _,, - ;,._,,..:.."- ~'.,t,, -~--~,--· -·~, · h.ave been builtrdur.ing'theJjore per.jod.:1 :According to;Bi·l l Wal lace· "The'·~e~. , - r, -, ·1 . - - ; ' ;, -\ • .-;:~ ' ":.'-.,/ - • G - - v - • • ~ buildings•" are t.he oldest ·iii 'the· complex.' M.organ identifies .variou·s· uses'·for, - -~ ... _ J • _,.. - - ~' ' ' • - - several dJfferent work :areas within these two, b~rns'.: They include a c~~pe~ter. ~rea, hide tanning, fee~ sto~age, fe~ce repair, hay loft, Blacksmith-shop, slaughter room. garage, and other w"orkshops. These uses continue to ..the ·present day.· ~ccording to,·Bill W~ll~~e. at on~·time th~re were other structures datin~ back ~o the More period: that have s~bsequently burned ~own --- possibly in 1969 or 1970. One of these most likely was the structure described by King as "R.ed House". According to Mrs. Margaret Woolley it was used as a cowboy residence; later dynamite was storei! in it. Wal lace suggests it was "n_ear the gum trees" 0 ~·.(.-e_ .:nd originally "old milk barns". These barns and the possible archeological associations deserve more study. Their historical significance is not completely known though they undoubtedly are associated with the early sheep ranch activity. (See slide sheets 10 ~nd ' - . ... ~' , . "' • • ,. ... ~'- ... : ... 411\ •• l;. -· •. J/;-•' ·_'\_~: .;,._,.:,' ~: •.--~~.~...:,..:-.t~ -_ .. ~ ,:--!:->('~--_. ....:,/_~- ,,~~ ·-':,).. -~ 5. CBfll and Prue's House-· Still 'Standing. ;Ranch foremari· Bill.Wal.lace and.h1s wife Prue bullt· a,track.:like house west of '/V' ! "' ', ·''the .pi er f n ~he late 1960's. , The hous~ it.self: appea~s to have. no h_i.sto~ica,l significance though'.various 'artifacts including' old hor,seshoes, ranch. equip- , - - .. - . - - :");nt andi·!l-~ia~;artffacts surround· the hou.se,. The. h_ous_eres~s o,n cir near_a kn.own archeological site associated with the· Chumash period_; Morgan has 1 this_ (see slide sheet §12).11 docum~nted struct~re c,, '·' 7~ Historic Trash Dum·p: Site located Ori. the bluff overlooking the. oc·ean southeast of t~.e old· ranch house is a tras~ ··dump. In the dump are many objects of historical interest ~and possible sign!- , . . . • . - - - • . ·11· _, • ~ • . ' ' . - . -~· li'_ '".I<• . ficance inclu:ding a breaking ~art! the r_erilains of two hay_W,_agoils,. a utility ~agon, b~Clt r'ac~s. rubber·tfr,e ~agon_s·,,-gen_er'ators, ~1:1oh_ chain, .rail~~o~d; - , ' - '. ~- ' ~ , - - . ·, -I -. " '". ·- - , I • l _, ~ - track, steelgi~de·r;-s, bric~s., spools of·~ire> toile~s. hub caps, buoys, a dog house,4q-sooil drums,'hea~y cable, water valves, refrigerators, propane bottle~\ law·n mower·s, batteries.and the remains of a wind· mill, just to mention a few. The dump has been used for.over fifty y~ars·. Worn out ranch equipment, as .;c ii as a great ~e_al of refuse has been tossed .. over the cliff where i.t has been ~ashed .o~t to sea •.Thi.s.slte contains vast historical potentiil and would prove to reveal much information useful to archeologists and historians alike. ,, As ranch foreman Bill Wallace said, "When something comes. over to the island, it dies here." This dump illustrates the veracity of Wallace's statement. Near the dump site are some stacks of cinder block, telephone poles and wood planks. There are also some ste2l storage sheds. None appear to h;:ive any historical significance (see slide sheets 13-15). 8. U.S. Army Buildings.:. Still Standing = ·'J_,• .• .,,__ :.-t_;_. _..,..,.,,._ ...... ,...... -" ~~~,~~~t~~~~f~~10-.t~.~,:k7~7,:~~~1}$~~:~%~f_~._.__r,_~f-~~%~ry.!~~~t~:~~t~r:1~~~:~~I~~:::r:~; ., ( ·,~'~· - - ·- - < .. ~ '~.~,~'/·,,· .. ;· ,._ '~ .-r:_. , { '°'. _ .,_ • \·, --~ ':c.- /.,..'"' ~ <,_ J ' I ', (~' ./ ', • 'l , ,' \_' 1' , ~ ·f'~ -', L ~ / _ ,_ (.,:~~ ' Jhe J1:S. ,'.-Ar_my.~_stabl {shed a small ~a ..se ·on. Santa, Rosa' in ~94_3,.' ~t~l!,c~ures~·w~~~e~_ ' ·; • buqf in· ~t least' fawo· locations.:.-Bec};ers Bay, and ,;n ~the :mld~-lf of·t~~'. tsla_f)d -~- ' - . '• .. '" ) ~ ·'..' ·- ') ·.··~· ~~, ·,;;~:·,'.'._ / , Jn the vicinfty north of:Wat_e_r Ca_~yon~~~ '. .. ;> ". -;.;.: _ . ·. ,:·. ,,,_, '.'_ .- "•: '_.· "Thecremains of a·small ~o_mp_lex ·buil,t on_e ~aff, mpe off Pecho Peak;· east of,;the.· '_., ' ' ,, , " -,. '- -\,. ,.• -. ;_._:;-_:~ '. ._ - ,+·\.-. -- ~·~ ,,. ' " •• ~:.:..'.~~ .road' running from. the main ranch area 0are intact:< Foundations, -a water tank·; I• / • - • • , ' , ( - ,_ --, ' • '·, - • - • & \ , '~- ', -- ~ - ~, ~ '.:'• -• f' ·· --- _a~·d pif~S of wood-.are ~sti.ll vf_~.,ib,1e,•. - fhE!_1 b~rra·ck's.buildlng and .. fwci"oth·er.,: '·.;., ." ' . .:.. - ' . ' . " ':'; -.~ . struct'ures' which today•'are used for storage we're. m-oved closer t.o· the'main .. - ,' .~' •, - ' - - - . . - -.·· . . - . . .. ' - ;. ., ranch complex.- .Bill Wallace noted that-at one. time,,there'.we.r-e "barns~ in.this , ~ - ~ <: ' • area. Horgan documented these "old A;my' barracks" in 'hiS -~ketches. ' .. .·,,<,. }e~~ers Bay_ camp" s~p;p·l·i ed. - n6). · " . Wal l_a Ce; ~ l _~o_ ,riote5!,_ that;.thP._:·~~~~:( sta~-i op~ (nea._r ;t.he je~: barns}, and the': were also built by- th'e Ar_m;.1?. slaughter"ho~s~. . \, - . ' "' .,. 9. Fornier School House . .:: Still ·standing · ,. . A l'ittle white schooi house o_nce st~od_:: at Beche"rs Bay anci_ was used by_ More'_s children and t~oseof.the sheephearders. PGMAustin.~rites: "In a little 'wliite school .hquse at Bec,hers· Bay, my moth~f and her brot~ers, with-, ch.ildren•• of the sheepherders, ..went to school. The ·Hol'.es impo~ted a school teacher from • • c L •, '/ '- ,f, their_ ancestral home in Ohio to be guide, phi.Josopher arid a friend.Jar the children on the island •. I wel 1 remember her as an old lady, this kindly soul, Mrs. Isbel. reported to be the first wh_ite teach.er' i.n an American school in Santa Barbar~ County.13 ihe building most likely dates back to.the 1870's or lBBO's (lp 96). It wa_s converted to the ranch foreman's residen,ce and during the 1930's was enlar_ged to .include a kitchen. TOday it is used 1as a residence for one of the cowiioys., -~ .. ) ! 'j~ ~' ._ :- : ~;~:·:~~~~~~.-~·~,_ii. :}?S'j,:~'"~;,~;~;0~~·::~. -~-... "J ~~~~~~~4~~f:TI~~~~~l~r;,rf:~ , ,Mor.g~n_'s. skeHh:>g! v~~~ a.~ f!o~r. ,?}},!1. o("'~hi s ·st,ructure•.. !h_o.~~h :.rem~de li _11g_ .arid ,,,~ · 1 . the ~;che~ ,has.alte;~d-the ~rigln~l d~ ~1~11,: .~ost ~f-._~h~, .f~bric·is:orfgi~~l-.-\, In that~· t~e buildl~g -dates .. b~-~k' to the Mjor~:period: ani:; is ;,- ·.J- · arran·ged "for the -purchase and transportati()n of' lumber -to- the .f sland for':the, ',7 ·-- " _,;:;. - construc.tion of a w~arf to. facilit~t~ loading the. stock;"i4 ·ou~ing ·the· More era, on the _mainland "More's Landi~g"'ser~eci ~"s,a·:regular: :~t'op-' ·' ·.. , '. for s\e~ms_hi~s. '' It_~as: ·a· p~ima~y' o~tlet'.fb-r sh)ppfn~-;C'a~t~--~; ;heej>: c:~_rai~~,:'_~·,,~~ .,._ r. "- ~ ~ ~ "' .' , ~, and Goletas 'Walnut Crop._A~cording to··P.G~M. 'Ausfin "The'~e~was alwaYs'a close~.;. ..I- .._ • - • ' '.. -- , ·- - • • ' • - ~- c • ·; ' • ~ _, ~ · c~ri11ectio_n.betwe.enthe M.ore Rancti on' themafnlar¥a'nd the island··ranch of Santa ~osa. It was to More's Landing .in _Goleta that the sheep and· cattle were . . shipped from· the island in the trim schooner "Santa Rosa.'.'15 flo doubt there have been severcl piers and docks co_nstructed on the island. Stephe!J Bowers (circa 1876) mentions "There are sevaral -pla~es where vessels can land; and the present properties, th!! M~ssrs. Moore brothers ha_ve built.'a• ' t wharf ori the eastern-end of th~ island, where vessels can locd and unload at any time, except when ga i es preva i 1 from the nor;thea'st~ C.D. Voy in the Bancroft Library "Yates Papers" manuscri~t in the Channel Islands Archives, mentions a 1,000 foot wharf, "shod with steel" drilled 4· feet down which is "often carried away."16 (It was us5!d by the s.hip ''.Cantina" to load and unload 1 ivestcick.)17: Bill Wallace vaguely remembers a wharf in the arec? between Southeast Ancho~age i! to Ecst ?oint, but nothing remains of it tciday. !/ - ,,,.; ...... ;, ~~1::~k-.,J~-;,_;. -,V.·.i_: ~- -~ :;:-..c: ... -..}_~:;.... (:;-, -~~~~~~~r~~~~~~~~~~}~~¥f:~1~1l• 0 'Today a wliar.f at' t_tle' Be~h-ers· Bay landing continues to s~rve-as 'the-on anci:off·-· - < - , ' ~ ,- - ,, " ; .., - - - l \\ ' ~ i oadin~ .area· frir.: the. Vail -&Vi ck~rs ~~n~h. ; . :' , · "-',: · ·-~;· ,, , "t, ,•• , __ ·'~ - ¥- ~ 0 appe~rs .to ~~tend ·about,halJ'~aY;' ou~; a m~ore recent extension. of t~e pi er ,i ~·~' i:· ·' . ,,..:, . • ~ :, v e_vi dent ~s the, boa-rds . ~'r'Ei of a• di ffernt:s i ze• and -.fi nfsh. • t' 1}. ·- '! :· ~' - ' . - "' "; " • - . ; ·. ; ,,- ' ·. . • . P.iliJJgS o( the~o,lder· section of the pier 'are well"~orn whHe the -mo_re.r'ecerit addi't ion ·appear strong. Thi dock Is a. structure of histor'ical interest because of its assoc_iation with 0 the:ranch compie)t:(See _slide sheets ·lS;..20). Also ass,ocfated with thei1(har't' are a 11umber of ,small shacks, (see slide sheet 20). ' i'ri: _19pl ~"one.:.{ourth. mi i e' 0 up._the canyi,n to th~e.north of the h~use" there ~is a boat h~u~e:is A-pic't'u,re. _, "' ' ;, '"'.; ''',"~' "C~ .;,,.,,, '•:Pi'!~'~. fo J~·~· .. ~ 01 Y.;o';;: ) '.th•''~. t•f :~ ': ·. _?'-'b_~at h~~s~'-is no· longer standing, 'there. is' a'lighthouse (docume'nted by';Morgan) '.·-- . ove~l ooki ng' the, ~ock, .a i' i ne shed 'an"d platform and ·~1 ec·e~· o( ranch. eq~i ~~:~~--~: . ~ , -- ' . - ' ' ' . - -· " ·~- ' ; ,_ . ' ~ ' ' . - ' . " assotiated with the ranch operation that- are on·· t_he ·bluff .overlonking :th'e. ,'; ~ - ... " wharf. These are al'l in de'teriorating condition. These s{ructur.es .are presum:eci' to be associated with other: historic resources o'f t he1 «' More' a·nd -'1ear y·· Vail & Vicker period and are also of historic interest (see 'slide. sheets· 2Q- · 21). 11. Associated Ra~ti Structures Associated with th_e Vail & Vtcker cattle ranch are a number of structures associated with the ranching activities of More arid early Vail-~ Vicker periods. There are the remains of s_everal old :.'cattle c·ables' (orie·east"of Ch.ina Camp and anot.. her between Skunk Point and Abalone Rocks) where cattle; were once landed. In the main ranch area a·scale and do~king chute is possibly about a century old; a brick furnace (constructed 1897) for the manufacture of sheep dip~ a line shed platform, a pig sty and ranch rel~ted ::-'-~ ,..._. ./'-•... ' . •::.-::-"U:.. ~--- ~~·7>~ "'<·L --~-~~~:..·:: , •: .:.1 ;:7,;;;~~!JW.;,~;ibV~'f,~1;:;~~~~,~~:~'?~~f;~r_·;;~;::.;;~f~~:,&'~«?:~~Y'~~~rr:~:D~~°7%':l~"iV*'·· ~,:~:?Z~\~::-;·~~~1~~:~'.:;;',·-:~:~:7-'~~~~~.,>~~;·:~;;~:>}(~F~:~::·:.):~~-?~:~~~::-. ~::·~\~:: ... ,~~'::·'.41~~;~,,~;.r,, .· debris,are'all, evidence of·an ~a·rlier'economic acti~ity. ··As King.shows "These ~ , ' ' • ' ~ ' ' 1 s tru.ctu&~s may _cf1ia 1 i .f~ ·a.s, ~i gnl ficant cu~ tifr~l re.sour5.es as a. ~~P_;e~~n,t~(i ~~:< · -, -, , - ' ...... ,. --.'-~. '• ·-.~· , ---~- ;-_ ..:.,. ..>·~ '.-_ ;. : :v .. '-- .,.. - of'technologiciil innovation;related- to the raising oL.sheep"; and; ·might ·add ' ' • - l ' ' !. ' - - - • '' - : • <. , • • v •• -r :~·· •. - , - •. ' - • Of_. ' •• ·_, > ·cat·tre·.. (See ·~lide she-ets 2i:.22);19. " __, ' -. - '· n, ,,. _.'~-' i2. , ·Ni d~ve·r~;r~;ve _·- ,- .., 1 ~, ,. .. .'; ' station. During the. field survey, ·Ranch Foreman Bi.11 Wallace took Ar~~eologist D_on C}.. • • Morris• and I ,to this ··e:ave. Although Ni de'ver · desc'l-'i bes .the caves>eritranc£ ·as , r 1 ''' . , • , .;. ' ' • - ; '. 'I • - - ' . , • ' r _ -~ , "• , .- • . , l- \ . • -· ..."h~rdly 1 arger' than an o~9fnary, doorway, ·b~t: (the cav.e ,i 5) so iarge~inside,_ /t • , ~ • '~ I , ·• ' ,.__ ~; .> -, / • , • " - ' • - - J ~ ,- 1 ' • - ~:iiia-t: a hundr~if shearing on Sant In 18g3 it was described as "Across the 1.ittle stream is a large. natur~al ·cave in the sand~tone and is dry and water tight where many of the men are .'-omfortable housed a_t night." (Ibid). Bi,11 Wallace said that the children on the island, used it-as a "hideout" but has not been ·used in recent _years:. This site has.ext~aordinary potential fo'r archeological study. Due to its· ciose proximity to~known indian sites. in the B~c~ers Bay area, the cave als~! ,· no doubt, has pre-historic archeological signi-ficance. Its signific'a_nce to· the historic area is notable; however, the cave is filling up with-deor'is;,'a heavy load on the road above it could result in a cav.e-in. (see slide sheet 23). Occasionally, the ranch foreman fills in the two holes in the road' which P.! ::. ''= :.- .... ~'·;. ··: ti."..; apparently open up periodically.~ res~lt ~ sedi;:ier.t,.'in the cave. 13. Air Force~Base~ _Johnsoris Lee ~ Standing ;' -,, , I-", ,_, :-... ·- ,._ -':'"•· ·- . _,., -~~-'.:... ·.-,:':~~'~ -:-- ... .fl"l'i~ • .;~ •.,: •. ~-: ~':%'!~~:~~~~~~r?~~~~~)~~''£t%~~~'', -,,. .·.0 ',-, .·~' - ·' 'c, '>J,,:; In~ 195~-51, duri~g the: ,so::.c·al led«;,~old war e.ra" .. an ,Ai_~ ·-~~-r;~~. b;se·.~~~s : ,, c.?n,s truc~ed at_ ~ohnsons·:Le~. ·Ar:ch~~) ogi st Phil' orr.. i'~ported; that: a ,nl!mber of .-'. > artheological ·~·ites··~ere destroyed· ~s a ,result ~f dumping.·and-.constructiOn. o·(: ~ • ". - • ' • ' - • .- .._~ - !! • - '. ...f ; ~ ' . . . . - ,- ' ' - . ,,.. stru.~tur:es. A doz:n or so building's wer'e"constr;~ct.ed and for the, inos,t par~.: · ~. . _ . . ~ ·--u . , r ! t , ,, "' - • are st i 11 stand! ng., They;· have been .gutted and ·heavily vanda lhed.· - . -. -~ ,; ,. ·it w_as here. that the 66gth .Al rcraft, Contr?l and War_ning Squadron was station¢d: for~pproxlmatelytenyears. J'ournalist Chudc Hillinger·iiilg5J:w·rote ~n··· articl~.documentlng daily .life at the stati~n. The;r.emalns of liobby·shops, recreational ·facilities .as well ·as :bar.r'acks, .offices,' generator and ' ;.•f-. • '< . . maintenance equf pm~nt :room~"ar:.e ai'i stil 1 ·s~andirig. A crick _incinerator 'also. - .. (' . . . . . , ' '- , . ·. ., .~ -., . 0 ·.stand~ on a hil 1: ove~lo_ok'i_ng the:~rest of the_:base.· The·cl anding· dock is washed :~!'t~(see.slide:s~e:e.H2~2-;).f<,,,-·.. .._. ,.. '.~·-· : 1 ; ,- ,· ·.;.: -- , • .! . - , Although this· base is' of historical•, s.ignif.icance:. In ·te'rms of ·America's coastal' defenses during the i95o•s, the structures individual'ly a;·e probably, not of unique historical significance.. Collectively though they may be. signifiCant; a substantial. body of information' aboutu the base undoubtedly exists in military ,archives and wi 11 need to be re vi ewed.22 .4. Orr's Camp Just west o.f Sl These structures were constructed :nearly flush w·ith' the ground level .in a surrounding gully this offerring protection from prevailing winds. These structures are rapidly deteriorating. The bunkhouse/kitchen shack, the storeroom, outhouses, cleani.ng shacks and generator house are falling into the sea. The entire site is in such poor condition that Ranch Foreman Bill Wa 11 ace is contemplating burning them down because they present a "hazard to -.•, 'J _ .,_...... _..... -.. -.- )~ ' 7r'0'..·-~,t.r:~:~-~~.~.:~.~~~~'?~~~~'1'z~~3~~f{jtf:7j~~:?]f~"'~ , ' , : grazing' cattle.'.'"·• ,_. ~ '"·- i•. '~:;, ''"- w ' - - • ':!...,! ,~ ~",: _'; 'l ' !ns>ide. the ma in shack ar.~ three ~efrigerators, a st'ove, a ,la,rge three .spiggot _ • , ' • - • • ,i • '""• • ' - ' ' • • ,/ - • - : ~- -- , 'l, .w• 0 · coffee· urn, bot t 1 e s of P.i ck le~,_ s~y ·s a1ke,: and Readers Digests and. o·t~ef; items used. by ·the,ari:heologists., · -\,. ,. ·-~ • I{' ' l ' · :.o'rr's camp is sig.nific.ant, not just becaus"e ofits as_~o~·ra~-ion,wi~,~ a_.noted ( 0 ''archeologist, 'bu~ t_he ~uildings themselves are perhaps 'the most i ngeni o·usly-' -~ ' ' . '- ., ...... _- ' -._ " ' ._, '.:: CO(ISt~.ucted ones on the isl'and. Tliey e·~empU fy mans attempt to adapt struc- tures to .Santa' Rosa's sometimes hostil,e e_nvironment. (see slide sheet_~ 28-29). _Nea_rby th_e camp are the remains of excavation tren~hes. dug by Orr (se.e slide· t . • I . - .- J ''!),' sheet. 29). It is known in this area, var~ous oil' comp_anies drille:d test wells:. the renia.ins o(thes'e:wEJls could not be l~cated;~3- ·" ·15. Johnsons' Lee Shack ;\): · , .. ';c .. , · · ·• " F . - .~ , ,, ' ~ ' Betw_een, the southpoi nt light :and the.,mi 1 i tary bas'e,.a John~ons -l"ee ts,,the, • ·- ,.·-,_·:_:~·~,,'I ·~ :•, •,Lf_ >--.~---',-\~ -< ~~·"·,'~I' . i ,,>~-~-~~·'. - ,.'/-_ "Johns'ons. Lee Shcic:c:· Host. 1 ikel.Y~constiuffed· in-' 1925 (as 'was' the ,il ight)',, .it ,- ~ -, ~-";• '' ">-•, • •' • j~' .. -·'" "'.:._' "':.·t: ;, -:;:::;;- ' • •: -~~_..;, / Ol• r ··,,I ,,' \_ .'was maintained by the. lighthouse serv.ice·until the Air:Force Base was .bui:lt in. : -~ ' ' . - . -. - ' . ,. _ _,- - - ~ . .- - -~' ... ~ - ~ 1955. The shack h~s collapsed and is no longer standing. UnderneHh the boards many abalone- shells were'_found. The structure is of little hisfor.ical significance (see slide sheet 130)}4 16. Wreck Canyon Shack·.:. Standing During World War I I the U.S. Army .. had an installation~ in the vicinity notth of Water Canyo~ (see U.S. Army B~ildings & Army Base (Interior) of this report). t" Accord! ng to Si 11 .wa 11 ace the s~r.ucture at the "Wreck Canyon Rciund.:up was built by the U.S. Army during World War II and· moved.down from the interior " , - ., island Army base in 1950-1951. The str'uctu_re i~ ill a de~eriorating condition, and the roof is caving in. It is apparently stil 1 used occasional.ly. A sign on the structure reads "M~D for U.S. Army (?) 058 SIG AIRCRAFT WARNING SANTA ROSA ISLAND (see slide sheet· 31). This structure's significance is unknown but is as~ociated with the Army's J -~ '" - ~' - ~ ' - '·•1 .~ ,-..s.. , ..:.;:..::~: - - ~ !·--;' : -- -; ·'· - ...... ;;~;;_;'..;·..;·_";.;;,-·..;.{-;-;;_:-<~'..;.'',;,;;:•;_·;;.:••;_'_;;~_ ..;_;· ·~;_··;_"';;.;;·-;:_C.;_··;.;,;····,.;..;;.;:·.:.,: __;~;..·_·.;..;,--·;..;-.;..;.""'-.,-:~;:;,;·;;.;;·-.:..;";._. _::;._-';;.;;;.·-=·~··,;/-._ ~ .. .----.~: ~-.:A ~:'"""t.r~(--~L. ·, ''-"·'" , ,...... ~ .• :.:;' -·. - -0,1:~J7";:'1'.);'~~~1r~~!'f'..'?i'-;;r;1J;~\;;'?~~~~~c\~~Y 0 t1,-. .J, '~·: - -- ·-;-, "":'·. .\.. ~ ,' • -'V.· ./ ( 0 1 prese,nce i n Worl ~ wa r,)J .z:s _ ·· · ,: ·" : "· "-· ;s, 17. China Camp Cabin .:. St~nding, J .:,~ --. - ... jhe Chi~a C_anip. r~und:-UP shack ~ s· a- st~ucture th.at d~~-Eis ,~-ac;k. to at 1ea;t '.th? · 1920's.' In· \lie 19-JO's, possibly i9J6. accordi.ng -to Bill W~llac~, ,,it ·.w'~s > - ' i"·-' -·- - . _,_ ; ·, . l en.1 arg_ed ~nd the ~re sen~ corr a 1 s ·riere bu i1 t.-- The ·shack appears to .be ·; n good· • ''-.. l .. '! ' . ,· (- - condition and is quite: frequently used by cowboys. - A wr..iter in the Overland Monthly .0874) called this site the "Abalone' - i . Fisherman's .Camp." How~v~r. _t_hat· camp was. located on 'the east ·sid~ o_f· Canada Acapulca, ·while the present day s'hacks,_ for as )ong as· Bill W~llace cari remember, have.been located on the west s.ide. This suggests.thaLthe C_h.ina Camp Sha'cks are :~ot. the same ·struct~r·es as~'oclated: wi.th~ t~e alfalone camp. An aerial survey also re~e'aled ~· depressi~n .ab~ut the size of the presen'tlcorrals; '.::. _;,_,-." r. . • " ~} ' The China Camp structures have been documented by Morgan. He sketched the structures. and noted- the various dimen!>ions of the .interior rooms; Archeologist Phil Orr encountered five or s1x reburials in the vicinity of n •• China Camp. In the ~_ills above the ·camp, Bill Wallace noted that the last of the Santa Rosa Island sheep were killed in the 1960's (see slide sheet 32).· The China Camp shack,'·t)ecause of its early association with th'e More sheep operation, and the "old ababone camp" is of noteable historical interest.26 18~ East Poi~t Shack - No Longer Standing King notes an "Easf point shack" remembered by Mrs.' Wooi ley as a structu're 0 . 'fal 1 ing apart .• ;bui lt by Vail & Vickers in: the early years.'' Ranch Foreman Bill Wallace.referred to this shack as an old u·npainted "sheep camp." He remembers ~n "old stove" being in the building which he believes has been there· since "a little before the Vails .took over." He also remembers . ' ' . ,• . , ~ , ""' .,r~ ,i_.!; --~.!'-> J- -~J1 ~ , .. : ·~-~ ..7.. .:,:;~,,r,.,-.·:ii:e.r'o/l:!"""~-iv~w1.v.~-"N-~~l:'.'!:'"' ~1t,lj7f'"'W'tP''r~.,~~-.;;"-~i'!!Jt.1.'f 0~<;,i;1...;;..::r1,""'>';:~~,·u""--""'ffl·?Jt.'~i;fl'"1<;YJ,1'j;d"":ff,~-r~ · f':·;;;:y ~~:<~c;~w~ '?~:,',':' ',~?·2: cc.· :~.'t.:: :·~~:;:~:~~.t;i;f1Y:y:'.'· . . an "oJd wharf" i.n the area whe~e cattle were brought up o~ ~iie:°i~\an'd:.at ~n/: .- - , , _ • . • ·- , \ · ' 1i-' i. _. , ". ; r time; Morgan drew a sketcti ... of this structure ..a~d called .ft· "Rancho,Viejo;'! a: .. , o- '-~ , - ,.. . ,.·'":..; -~:·· . .- -~" '.,>,·.. . building in th,e "old ranch" area. His notes show the loca'tion ofa galv·anized·st~ve;-;;.-~nd.'a 1o1el.l, ''hand dug by· ...... - . " ll . ' . ·.·. ~ . ' . Moore (sic]"; ·he lo.Cates fence-'pos.~s ar~u,nd '.the si:ructure (~al'lace,no,t_es,t_tie •• 0 ' • ,,l;. r ' area once wa's fenced in). The structure referred fo, by Mo.r,gan as "Rancho· Viejo" no doubt is the same structure as referred to.•by· ~ing as the -~E,st Point S_hack." (see photo sheet ·l).27 19. West End Shack.:. Not Standing A sheephetders .shack stands on the flats at :the• west end of ,t.he fsland._ Possibly it dates to· the More period_;--pre-19,00. · ;\ustin W}i.~ht, in\is' . -~ - ·_,·1~£ j /' '...: -~ ,,; a.rticle "Ari Islandi·a~ oil the- Isla~ds~~in 1920, ~e~ti~hed ··~Ile' O:nly :~t_her;;,~ou~e * . •, .,' ... . '·a.Ii. the island, I~m told~ i~ o~tfnear· th~; "i'est endO:.,.a,.:sha°ck~·· It,i~ 'c'ov.a~s~d . and deteriorating see photo sheet"f3_9).28 20. Army Base (Interior Island) In 1943, the U.S. Army established a small base wi.th men stationed at two. locations on Santa Rosa Islan_d. One complex was in a shel.ter.ed area nestled in the mountins north oJ Water Canyon. ~ost likely the base served as an early warning pos"t. ·, Here_, as many as 100· men ·~orked three shifts. There used to be a te(ephone 1 ine down to the m_ain ranch, but the poles have been 'cut down-_ani:I used for ranch operation. Several of the buildings were used by the oil companies after' the Army left- after their short two-and-one-half Yf!U stay. According to -Al Vail 'the mess hal 1 was painted but from the resulting fumes, the structure blew-up just after the paint job was completed. Today none of the s~ructures stand; foundation~ are clearly evident i~cluding· I· "' ,. ... ', ...., ... _~...: L::;~~-~....;.·:..:·-;.;;.·:.;;_· -=··..:· ..::·,..:. _.;.:;--...;·;.;;.·-..:.::.;;...;.;;__;_..;...;:-.;:.-"·;.;;.~,-;..::·'~...;:,.::,;~.. :.;.·:·~::-·"._ • .;:::;~:::.·_·-'«::....:.~'-'-'"'o:...; .,,._;', ..:.·.:.·.i·:;~: .. -.:;..,}-- 7~ \~'- .1-:J;:·.- ·;; .. -r;·;:-..,),-;;.'·>; .. -:~~~~:>?~:1~;:~~~~~7fi!~~~~~~~;:~~~~~-~* - " ' • - c ~· ": ~. ' \·: __ , water .. spiggots were l~c;ate~' in front ?f ·,;lie, barra~ks on;,~hree si:~.~~; ·.··~';.st~r ,. ·shaped flagpole coricre'te 'slab is also evide~t; . , . . ':~ - ' . , ' -- - . . 0 ". The '".lreck Canyon 'shacl< ' w·as ~emoved ·from this :site "in.ClgSQ-1951. - ' ' "'. . . . . ~- ~ , • i. • ' ~ r . . . - ; '· • The _remains of a red .welding truck dating ~a'cl< 't::o the Air Fo(c~ days is"a.lso_ evi den·t. This camp was occupied by the Air Forc1{ b_riefly when the ~ohsons Lee stati?n was being buil,~. The fire truck supposedly. ran off the road and wa·s dragged back to where .it is presently s~ands; it is in a deteriora_ted condition. More information ab~11t this base.·.is needed in order .to a·ssess its ·historical signi_ffcan.ce~ It apparen}ty served as an air~raft warn.ing base~;;an eulier · - • ' • _, '. "' ~··. ' ' ' .. ' .;_ '• -_) ' r -~ - - - ' • version of the J.ohnsons Lee ··sa se of ttie· 1 g SO's. · No doubt i£ p 1 ay'ed. an ear,ly,· • • ~ .,:-,.. ;· '~(. ': , .._ ~ ~\: ,. ~ 4'> L,"-~.,. .· , , -, , '· ~.., ·~:> role ·;n the story· of- California Coa·stal defense (see slide sheets· 33:j4. 'also'·· , ""_;j - ,. • . . • . • ' U.S. Army Bui 1dings & Wrecl< ~c.~nyon Shack in this~ repor~>.: · 21. Lookout/Radar Stations About five miles behind the Johnsons Lee abandoned Air Fore~ Base afe·the abandoned remains of two radar stations which ari associ~ted with the Johnsons Lee Air Force Base. Believed to be part of the E'.A.T.S. (Extended Air Tracking Stations) ·network, these structures played a role in detecting 1J • possible enemy ai rcr~ft in the cold war era. \ \: The remains of three s.tations are evident on three different mountain t.C?J>,S. ~ach are constructed of concrete and have been gutted. There are remains of an . , '°'";'1 early parabolic dish "open wire mesh" radar tracking system, an undergroun·d· bunker and in anti-aircraft gun. These structues are of historical interest a~d may be significant to the history of milirary technology (see slide sheets 35-38). 22. Oil Company Well and Roads .. . '. -- 1'-;..... ,..-, ...... ·' ... _r;: [c;..::-~,-..--~---~ ,:;:~-.,/~ . .' r·.- ..~;-~..'!-.~~~·~:'.: . ft'~~r',,~~:~:'rt~,~~~~~(~~"~~~~r:~~~?"' B~l'I Wallace notes that ·t,he oi~·:~~~p'~ni~~. wer,e··r;s~~snible·:f-or .~;il:~·i'.~:~· ' ' • \' ,_ - • ;:- • • • • ' -~ - - ~ ' - - v .several test drifls since the lgz~'s. ··Some· of 'the :roads -that ~ri.ss-·cross th.e ~::. \1 . ' • • "' '' ' . ; _·. . ' ," . '• :- . •t·'-. '. . , '· ~' - ,' .. ': •· I , ' ,u isl arid we!'.~' construc'ted a'nd/o'r :~aved'·bye;the~e compa~1 es· in the 1946-1949- t f m'e > .~. • "',· ' • ·, '• ',,;".'..i,' '., "":· .. '"~ '"· •' ' ' ' ...... e_ " period; · Standar.d-Od report.e.dly; built; ail _asphalt· road to :th_eir ·weJ.1: in 1932-, -· , , ,,·, . , - . .; , ' . ' I , -J' ·. -, •, ....; ·:3,1(~ee.sl ide sheets 35-38); By')g°49 thf~e had been f,iy'e wel,ls dri:l.leo b~t abandoned. 29 · : ;. 23. Shipwrecks As. Kfog points ou,t, ,many sh,i ps have. go.nl!· aground .off. Santa .Rosa's.1 shores; The Chickasaw (s still 'the most· vi sable wreck and it is rapidly deter.iorating. - - - ' ' .,, - ,__ ,. The island is also ~he gr~veya~d-lor other wrec~s-as well. Bet~e~n~the~- • _, \". '· • -... ', < , - -o' '-!- ~ li 9~,thouse and. Chi ckasaw.~wreck •a;t East''Poi nt9 is part of ·."·The ·Cr~wn of • - '. ~ • • ' , • - • - ' • ~ (• J - • Engl~-~d" wreck, the ;reek" ~hich ga~e Wreck .canyon ·'i-ts riame j in· 15g4; It- serves. ·-· • • • ' I· ' ~ ' .,, , ·'-• , "' " -' • " .,,, ~ ' ' ;' 1 I ~· "-' ... • _" :; • ·a~,_a reminder ~f the.many boats,"t.~at ha~e,"gorne agrou'ri'd off'~he';islan'd." )he··.", 'i-._: • . " - -,..,, ~- ; ' "1 - j - ' • ~ , ., ' " , , '. <'~. islan9's .southwest "and ·n~r~hw.esi~ sid'es. are.~par.~icularly _litte,red -with de~~riS, /·: . :~ (see slide sheet 39).30 : ' ' 24. Other Historic Sites Several other possible hfstoric sites ·are noted° in the hist_oric< record. The Coast Survey· Party of Reverand: Steph'en Bowers camped in the Canad~· Verde for six; months in 1875-18.76 on the "eas.t side o~ the mouth of.Canada Verde, on the first terrace." The camp:confUsed Archeologist Philip Mills Jones in 1901 who thought it a pre-: historic. site unt i 1 he 1 earned about the. Coast Survey ~ -e11ca~p~.3l The c·oast Survey trip is significant as it was the first systematic attempt to study the islan~'s cultural/natural resources; also the island was mapped. Their campsite was called Camp ~9 by Jones, but has l>een identified by the Santa Bar~ara Museum of Natural History as SRI-AO. The site was located and documented (see slide sheets 39). Jones also mentons ''.the old Jack Cam:i" supposedly where a "fence builder once \ I . . .. ·~ " ./..~.- 1~ .._ . _,, - ' r-,..- '.'\. .- ...... · ..... I r~r!;~"'£~~~J~t'~jffY~Zf~::B~r~~2~~~~'7~~,,J" had0 his camp,"· Jones no~es,· ifs' lo£ation ,~s ·:so~thea~t of, Cam·p ,#8. o,n-.a ~1i_g_h,t.7, ri s~, from· tw'o: cre,i:k ~. thaf here com~, to_gether~ • ·· T~e,;groun.d, .~ s ~ove!E!.('(ht_h ··~-· ' , ,· :,', , ,_ .- ,_·-,_ : _ I _ ~ t. > ,, (, ~ • • -, ,. ' • • - , - , · p ro.f~ se growth of'M_~,1 va' .(Ma ha par if.1 ora) arid '(ttlei~S i te) can be, _s~_en wHli. - - ', •,,, - ... , .._ ~. difficulty. 'it 'is .ful.1.: of_ shells';: however,· and .. has evidently been: an Indian camp ~t som~·ti-me ~r.ofh'e~".32: T~e· site ,was ca'i lea·C~~; i~ ... bYJ?·~es,~u':-:~·e·\' · ·S~nt.a 'Barbar~· Huse~m :of Natural Hi.story doe~· not. have' a site numb~';-. ~ec~rded· • · ' - "' . . . ~ - '. '- . . ; .. ' . . -, for it., The site 'was .located and documented (see .slide sh~ets 4'0) •. ,· 0 ay far the most i mport.ant ~ite di. hi~tor,ical s_ignificanc;-is the site .w.here "?. "Cabril 1o's grave-stone" was fou~d ·at the ·turn of the. 20th centu'ry by Phil 1 i p ·Mil ls Jones. He plac;:es the 1.ocation 'at ·~amp 16 (or:~~MNH sfte SRr-147)where. on Wednesday, ·Ma.rch 2,0 he fou.nd •.;tone;',·~~any f1at ~nd .showing'e~f.d.;~:c,e·o't hav,ing been used. as mealino stones,''other of'irr'egular·fc>r~s·and~.~-;~·~{;·::: 0 .; s~ndstone .chu~ks' ar1/.·;~~nd::.~;j. ~he c~b;i l:l_o ~tori~.·;·~·- pic.tured'.' in ·;pf~t~~j,~'.;~o. · ''.• -. . ··~ ·.) - .- .-._ - .·· . ',. ·- ·:~~ .'~\~\::~. ("views of sands tone ·s1a b that has been used .for mea 1 i ng .or grinding .s·tone; • , .,.. 1 , • • ; • . - , - - -- . - , , ; • I,: :· ·~ , ; ;., ,' be~rin,g on on~ side.~~·- incised design·~3,4 The rock was probably found' at "Jolla Vieja" rather th.an "Rancho Viejo• (see slide 'sheets. 40-43). Historical Objects As no~_ed earHer, the old ranch house has many object.s a~1d furnishings associated with the_Hore·and Vail & Vickers eras. Other objects'are a,lso .. -, known to exist. For example, Jones noted in 19q1: "that objects of.glass,-'' metal, ·etc. of extrane~us. o'rigin and obviously derived within the histori~ period from Caucasians, were found only in tile camp sites on the n·orthern coast; camp sites in the interior or on th·e southern. coast yielded only ' ~ - ,, -· ~ "' -- ' objects of aboriginal manufa~tu~~ .. 35 Ranch Foreman Bill Wallate po~s~~ses • branding iron dating to.the 1840-1850 time period. According to Sill Wallace; hi has also found Spanish glass trade beads. A small silver cross ~hat was found between East Point and Abo lone Rocks was given to Archeolo~ist Phil Orr; and may be associated with the Cabrilli grave . . "' _- ~, ', . ' ' . . ,,,,- '··' '"' ,. "'I.-..-~ '. • L .,,.,· ,- . . . ~' ~~,,;~},:s~c~~)fi!::t~t~~~~~r.~~~~;~iy~;!'!!t~';i···. _I ;_., - ' ) . '\ -~ .con~roversy •., E.K. Smith i'n 1912,-1.916 found a.brass shoe·buckle: a~d,a~gej_, a~d· glass frade beads .in the Ranch Ho~se Canyon area.: P.G.M~ A~stin noted-~one of my p'rize pos-sessio~·S, is a: l'a_rge painti~_~,of'this ' ' ".'.i " . _'f • - ' , 'C''< - - -. - . - .o~~e f~miliar ship (the' schoone·r ~Santa'.R-osa~').oone_ by.-its w_ell know·n ·Captain;··"' . , , ,.. - . -··' ' ., , '• -,;· .. - A.a~ Thompson as we_il as the "Great-brass· ships bearing the name_, the "Crown of • _,. •·· • r No doubt other objects of historical interest will be dis,cove~ed iri .. the· future. Conclusion Most. all of the sites and structures which reniain on Santa''"' Rosa. Islapd are of '•·hist.orical' interest, though not all are cif equal' historical signifi~an~e. :,-' , - - - - ' ' . . . ·~ . ~ . ' Historic archeol ogi cal sit es such as SRI ir4 7 wh.ere ·t~e' ~Cabrillo gravest6ne•i . ·:'..· t.• ,{-,·· '·, ,.._·,~.: - ~-.1. ' __ : -.~· ... _~_- '/_"" ,. ,···:-~-=-,-:\; .. ?·.1 may have been. was found ~r: ass~c~ated with_ thei_ ~arl ies~~o.H·opean presellce ~on,:"~. ~~Y of .the Channel Islands; Otiier: .historiC: arch'eologii::{i remains 'reflect use.,.·· •. " . . .. . - ~~-. p: - // > . . ·c:. . ' by speci.fic ethnic groups such as the .Chinese at C!i'ina c'amp. - v_~-:~ A majority of the standing structures including the old ranch hou,se ano romplex are ass.ociated with the early and .con.tinuing economic actjvity on the island. Some "shac(s" including the "old sheep camp" (West.C:nd Shack), and East End Shack are significant in context to the island~-historic ranching' activities. Some of.the more ·recent 20th Century structures including the.Army ~amp in the isla;ds interior a~d Air Force base at Johnsons Lee, are evidente of the·· mil itary's historic presence on the island. With the possible exception of radar stations above Johnsons Lee, which may be significant to the history of military technolgy, the· military buildings individually ~ave little historic importance. Collectively however, they are part of the story of military r technological prog~ess. Although the military's presence is on all of the /' ...._~.l~:~'-~ ....~---: ~ ..- .. -1·:,:~.--· ~~~~S"~"t~}jff\;nf:f~'\~'l:~~ff2t!'.;'i~:'?"F~~-,,-,.~~~1o··-, "<,' ' Channel lsla-n·cis, on Santa. Rosa, the storf can ·be ·tr.ac~d through intact ' . 0 '.. ·.. strt,rctur,es., . . -· A] though there ar_e structures of historical. \nterest that dot the· 1 andscap~ of - - r ~ ' ~ '·, I I • ~ .Santa Rosa, the .. ·R~nch Hou_se comple,x (includin'g the 19~3 Army base a.t Bechers - - ~ r -· , . . , ' . ·3ay 'and 1iidever.Cave) are illustr:atfve of the island's sfgniflcant history. •. .~', -· - . , . ., • • • • - r , - , ,_ ., ;C~nsi~erafion 'shoul.d bi:.-~ade·t~ e~tabl ish a special his.toric zone here a11d . . possibly ·at Rancho Viej.o. Sas.ed; on:the National Park Service list_ of Class_ified Structure_s (LCS), some· of th~ structurej warrant. Category A and B designations, a few would be Ca~egory C and practically none deser•1e a Categ~ry o.37 ': ·', ~ased on NPS Management Policies then~ .are apparently 1·20 Categ~ry Ia· ~tructures on the _i slan4. T~e Ranch House complex and possi_bly some:·of the· . ":,-,military related .structure~. d~serve cons i de rat fon .as ,category lb ·str~c~~re.s • . (See NPS. Management Po 1i c i es; Chapter Y) .• 3B ., _The Ranch ~ouse complex, th_e so-called "old ranch~~ area (from aechers Bay '.to .•' East Point)'along w.ith the China Camp area as areas of special historical significance as the. structures along with the intr.oduced animal species (elk, boar, cattle, deer) and the· range"'l ike appearance_ of the landscape establish an historic scene. It is this historic' scene that give Santa Rosa lsl'and its unique character. SUMMARY •/,.The rc?nch hou_se complex, the so called "old ranch" area (from B~~hers Bay to East Point) along with the China Camp are areas of special historical significance. As Congressman Robert Lagomarsino said when he testified before the Sub-committee on P~rks, Recreation and Renewable Resources on July 19, 1979, "The ranching operations on these properties ere considered compatible uses and the National .Park Service has advised me that they support al lowing these activities to continue within reasonable limits. The ·ranching V.- .... -.:1. .• -- ,;.-··_.,,.io r"~{~<~'"'(""~_,;,c--~,7~~~~~;r~~~~It?~~~~~f7:'·· '_! { ';; c'' ,;._."""', 'operatio'ns are in t,hemsel ves hist.orically 'signific~nt:••' The issue .now fS to, • 7 ~ ( • •-fha2 extent does .the Nati ona r Pa r:k Service wish to continue the "hhtoric" .· - ·1 • . • . 1 ~ • ~ • ra~ching activitie.s?; how does one interpret Congressman largoinarsin-o's .w~or.ds '" - . - '. "reasonable ·1 irnits"J I. i:>~lieve that a special historic zone "ought- to be established, inclusive.of th~· ranch house. complex and pos'sibly extending into the "Rancho Viejo" area, provi4ed that there are. no especially . sensiiive natura) resources in this area; China camp also deserve.s soin~ consideration as it is in these areas that the range like appearance of the landscape would best establish a "historic sce'ne". Whether or~ not introduced species (el:C, boar, c.attle, deer)' should be. allowed to roam free within the confines of these zon'~s· is another' 'issue manage'men't - ... . - ; - . - ' : . . ~· ' ' ; - . . ' - - -'' needs to - These "do ·a historic presence; ifciss - addr~~s; ani~~ls-~certafnl;- • •• . , ·r h~~e" --· - , ·' ,_. • - , Brown.'s 1874 suggestion .that "~hata magni ficient·park this would make as a pr:eserve for the wild game of·t.~.e continent" comes immediately to mind. believe that cattle, and possibly sheep, elk and dder could be allowed to roam within designated historic zones; the boar could be isolated to one very small restricted area or eliminated entirely and an alternative approach· to interpreting this aspect of the "wild game" story of Santa Rosa Island could . • be considered. it is the historic scene that gives Santa Rosa Island its unique character when compar~d with the other Channel l_slands. I -·: ,.. . ·' .... '""~ 0}{¢%~_-:_2f~~~i~{Yt}f~~f~~~~~~~;,:;~i:::~({!! () ~-r· l. Adelaide Doran, ~ of Eight Channel I.slands (Glendale: ' Arthur 'Clark Co., 1980). , .. _ . . - · ·· .-. . Charles Holder, The Channel-Islands of California (Chic~go: Mcclurg - ?ubli~ ,j 1910). · ~- ~ .... i~. . c Francis liolland, "Santa Rosa Island: _ An Archeological and H,istorical Study," fn_Journal of the West (July 1962) 18 pp. - ' ... ' ' .. -.----- . Michael A. Class~w et al., The Status of ArchaeolSgical Research on Santa Rosa Island, 2 vols. NPS P. 0. 'PX 8000-~0007 .~Office of Public· Areiieology.~l Process Research Institute, Unive'rsity of California at: Santa Barba-ra (Aug. 1982. draft)_ and (Feb. 1983 ·, fi[l~l\report). Kings chapter appears in vol. I, pp'. 94'-128._ ·-~'°' · (;.t~~~~~. C.T oJ~, °':.._fT~ > . v" 2. .. ~ "The ~otential. for· Historic Arch~eo!ogicat Sites,"· p. 9~,, -~ . . Q ' . 3' Walton Bean, California:-. :_A~ Interpretive, His to~. (New Yo.rk; -Mc~rav~J:l.ill ,_ 1973). PP· i1:.1s: · "~ .. 4. './alter Tompkins. "Channel' islands- Nomenclature;" in' -Noticias _ (Sarita , Barbara HistoricB:l .Soi:i'ety~ .Oct. 1958). vcii: iv. ~3. ,,for a useful compilation of -the several accounts ·relating to the. Cabrillo voyage, see_ John Richard ·Johnson, Ethnic Historic St~dy of ~ Isl !1lA)'7'f~ ;-tf~S. · See also Bean, p. 18, 5. Robert Heizer, "Caiifornia '.s Oldest Historical Relic" (Berkeley: Robert H. v .Louie Museum of Anth_ropolo.gy, 1972\:)see ?· 3 for complete list of references. 6. Ibid., p. 4. 7_. Ibid., p •.Si . .' The debate C:eri.tering on where Cabrillo 1.1intered and died is due primarily because the details of Cabrillo's voyage of discovery are sketchy. The original· day-by-day rec'ord of the :voyage has been lost 'for over 400 years. The best documentation that exists is an abstract of the voyage made by Juan Paez de Castro sometime between 1555 and 1560. -Heizer demon-." strates that even key points of this account are questionable." (~-ee Heizer, p. IV, 1-6, 51.) 8. -::n 1956 Robert F. Heizer and Dr. Albert B. Elsasser of the 'touie Museum of Anthropology published, the manuscript repcrt and photographs of Phillip ~ills Jones' 1901 Santa Rosa Island archeological excavations. A photograph of one speci::ian, catalogue No. 1-5086, aroused Heize::-'s interest several·years later •Jhen he noticed the initials "JR" (Juan Rodriquez?) were etcheci on a stone. Heizer subsequently published a short book entitled, Ca~iforriia's. 'Oldest !!istorical Relic?, ·in ..,hich. Heizer suggested that the stone may liave ~abrillo's gr~one. >_,' •. ~,t.. ,~~~.~~(:{~f:<~~~).'.J'~~<:''f:rp~,~~~/~~.:;·:,~~~-b;?~~~;1-~?c:;:=··-~::'.;·.:·~;;~\~'-'.~1::_::~r-;7~:."'.:".';%~~?1yr~~:~~JJ·~~~?i? . fi, <' I\ ~""~·.>-·- ' •.... ~· ' .,. ·J -· Heizer concluded, however, that "nothing"i~ this paper is· aimed at reaching a positive or final decision on the authenticity or connec'tion with Cabrillo" (see _He"'1Zer', .P. V). - ,· 9. Philip Mills Jones, Archeological Investi ·tions on Santa Rosa Island ./ in 1901, ed. R. F. Heizer and A. B; Elsasser ·thro. Records, VOL 17, no. 2 (Los Angeles: ·University of CA press, i955), p. 223 footnote 13: pp. 209-~10'. !he library. of Cl!ann_el Islands_ National' Park· contains a photocopy· of Phillip : Mills Jones'· report. ?late 0120 shows a view. of a "sandstone slab ·that has . _ been· used for t:1ealfog or. grinding stone", bearing on one side (an) incised de_sign. ·The stone was found on the. surface of an eroded campsite near the "Rancho Viejo" (ibid·.· p. 223 ,_. footnote 1_3). !he -ston_e may: not have .been found by ·Jones hi~~eff, but ·rather by one of his assistants, "Billy" or "John, "-on one of ·their surface collecting expeditions. Jones does not specify 12. Holland, p. 52. Bean, pp. 18-26. According to Johnson, after Viscai~voyage documentary evidence of ::uropeans visiting the Channel !sl~s slim until Ii69. No doubt Sp~mish· ~alleons on.the return voyage from the Philippines co Acapulco did encounter the islands, ho 13. Bean, pp. 27-34. Jr" T' ·,--_«: --'\.., ...... -'~I_-.... I .:~~~ ~;;~~??'!§>:·e:9 · .':.,. ~· ~~:.;,.~~}~~ft~T'- 0':-::~t~-f .r.~~~~;;:::::.s:. ..~~~~r~ 17 <::!"~~'"":: ,~~~~; ::·.~'~:~.;·~~::tf;'( -.-,.. ·'- ---.... :,,.,..__ /,1 .!,-. -,,.;.' ----~'.: . ..14. See. GlaSf!()W, vol.· I, p. 73-93 and J,ohnson, pp. 146-157. · According. to' • Johnson:. ·I . U ·.• ,the;t~a-~hk~y {probably a village on Santa Cruz) }'shiwcshiw: location:. Ra.ncho Viejo {east end at mough of longest. valley; SRI.,-85 or SRI-77 '. .· .. hichimin: mouth ranch canh.on' at :Beechers· Bay i 'S.RI-60 silitriihi ·- Canda Verde·SRI-40 ~ ".i«Y.akla - Skill Gulch SRI-2 ' . nmkilkil - SRI-15 ·. nawani - SRI 97 and 98 nilahtyu - Johnsons Lee SRI-62: ~orsteche - {probably not on Santa Rosa) 15. Glassow {draft report), pp. 59-62. 16. Johnson, pp. '68-74 and Orr, The Prehistory of Santa~~ {S~nta 3arbara Xuseum of Natural J:!istory, 1968), p .. 180. · ' · 17. Irving, B'erdine Ridunan, ·California Under ·spa in !. Xexico 1535-154 7 {Boston:. Houghton ~iff~i~.Co., 1911), P• · 160. · · In f778; English Captain' James. Cook· visited Nootlta Sound, a harbor on' .Vancouver ·Island {British Columbia) and cla~t;~ th,e, riglit~ of :'discoyery d,espfre· tJ:!e: claillis of Juan Perez ,who four years earlie,r. had Claimed the area. fob Spain: 'Spain '.. s. , original claiin to .the Pacific' Region was.based on the papalQ!lill ·of 1493, which divided the New !,lorld between Spa'.in and" Portugal.· In .1190; ·ho..;ever,. the Noo.tlta. Sound ·conyention granted England· sovereignty over areas of the Pacific. c~st north of San Francisco Bay :J r, "} '(see Bean, p. 52 and Dr. Herbert ~lasterer, Fort Victoria {Canada: Colonist Printers, Ltd.) p. 4.) fl) 18. Bean, p. 52-55 and A. ·sa,eerfield and D. Lav'ender, Fcrt Vartcouver, !'.'PS :landbook 0113 {~ashington: U. S. National ?ark Service, 1981). !roe 1779, •.:heri the N6rthwes t Fur Company was founded, this company and the :ludson Bay Co. •.tage'd a '-'Sr of coopetition '-'hich la'sted .for 40 years. In 1821' t.he companies merged ,and the British government gave the new concern a, 2~ 'y_ea:~· license as the sole legal fur trading company in British North .America. v e:~!l>id.' pp. 36-37.) . ' 19. Bean, pp. 74, 55. Richriian, pp. 160"'161. Johnson, p. 67. 20. George Nidever was a reknown hunter.along the Pacific coast and on the Chanriel Islands. He resided on San Miguel Island briefly a,nd served as the ?ilot for the U. s. surveyors "ho ciade the first surveys iri the Channel Isla·nds region. He also is reputed co have rescued the "lone "'oman of San Nicolas."· (See Life and Adventures· of George !'liciever, ed. William Henry Ellison "caerkeley-:-CA: Univ. ofCa~ia Press, ~937): ~J(:~-::_~r.,~~r~~'F:~;, ·~~~-;·~~·wr::~;:;;~~,~~;~=;;:~-;?J'!J~Y~'~;-~ 0,'·~:>~r:~ ~~~5'?~2/':~~,---,~~~\~Y:~~~~ ::~~ ~ ' , ~· I~· 21'. El~lison,~ J>·. v /I"'. - ;> - ' / .;a. • William Goodwin Daria of Boston .came ·to .California in 1826. His schoone_r _ "Santa Bar_bara'.' 1.:as used in trade and otter' hunting. One source of his · .~./reven'ue was letting out his otter hunting license to foreigners who paid .,. ~io· ~ percentage of their ca:cn.(3;ee,Ellison, ?· 107, footnote 094)• · 22. Ibid., p.· 34. 23. 'Ibid. p. 39. v-24. Ibid'., p. 109, 400' C./ 25. Classow, pp. 101-102. Robert Class Cleland, The Cattle on.a Thousand Hills: Southern California 1850-1870 (San ~larino, CA: Huntington Library, 1941).--.-. ~lison, p. 113·, footnote 0113. 25. __Bean, ..._ ____ p. 61.,./ >.-- ~ 27. During the Spanish and Mexican periods real ,political authority rested in the hands of a small group of ranchero families. Two factions 'dominated- the Southern California politicos including Jose Antonio Carrillo and ?io _Pico. Northern California interests were represented by Juan Bautista Alvarado, who had first granted Santa Rosa to Jose Castro. As Castro had not yet conformed to the colonization provisions that the grantee occupy the land, build a house and put· 100 head -of cattle on it, Governor Micheltorena regranted the ! ~land to Carrillo, who '"as a po-:.:erful southern California ;>olitico. Mexican g~vernors had an increasingly difficult tiine with those conflicting political interests. ?rom 1831 to 1836 there were 11 distinct adcinistrations compared to 10 in the ;>revio'us· half century of Spanish rule. !J r(s"ee Bean, pp. 61, 70, Cleland, ·P. 32) 23. Manuela Carillo married John Coffin Jones and Francisca Carillo married Alpheus B. Thompson. John C. Jones was the U. S. consul to the Hawaiian (Sandwich) Islands. A native of Boston, he was for some years a merchant in Honolulu and master of at least eight v_essels. t:nen he married in 1841, he becaoe a resident of Santa Barbara. !ri 1846 Jones sailed for Boston and di'ed there a few years lac::_:;, ~oss Gast, Contentions Consul: Bio of John Coffin Jones (L. A.: Dawson Books, 19i5, in Santa !!aroara :!istoricalsociety), p. 190.').) ·See~~~~---~------~-''l also GlassO'..:, pp. 101-102; Ellison, p. lll, footnote 0132J ,~72?r~~,::~~~;0~~~~~~r-~7~~~{~;~~j~t~;~":~~~;-~~~t:~~~~)~~~~~s~?~~~\(~:~H.f~1~::·~-~~ .. v.~ - ' -· . ~' :Alpheusc.B." .Th0111pson was .a .schooner, captain. A' native of BrunSYick, Main, ... Thompson arrived in Ca.lif_ornia perhaps as early as l825. Mexican authorities believed Thompson to be a smuggler: Lik'e Jones, he was a Sandi..ich ,(Hawai.ian) Island merchant.• in 1834 he settled in Santa Barbara and married Francesca' ~ ~ 0 ' (~ee ~lass<>'-', pp. 101'."'102~ Ellison, p. 109, footnote 0109, .P· 105! footnote 088.j 29. Ellison, .p~ 113, footncte 0132. 30. See Cast, p. ~89. 31. See Cast, p. 188. For a detailed account of the .Legal Dispute, see Cast, especially 189-190. Additional cateria!s on the dispute are in "Fernald. and Stearns Collections· at. the Huntington Library case .0205, "Jones·v. Thocpson,".(Fernald) and Case 0205, Report of, the Receiver {Stearns). See 'also "SRI" file, Office of the Monterey County Clerk, Salinas, ,California, and Santa· Rosa Island File in the Bancroft Library. See Ogden Hoffman, Reports of Land Cases Dete~ned in the United" States District Court for the Northern '.Districf·of Californi~·. June term, i853, ·co June term, 1858, inC:lusive'.'{Sanfrandsco, 1862), .11·; United .. State's' Dis trice . 'court, ·southern .District of.California, No·: 56:Docket, 'the United Stat'es vs. Manuela Carnie de Jones et aL "'Isla Santa Rosa,.'1 Tr.anscrip't of the Record"· from the Bciat:d of Land co·=issioners in Case No. 117; filed August"30;. i854, w. H. Carter, Cler. as cited in Cast, p. 113, footnot~ 0132. 32. Cast, p. 190. The transfer of the land title of Santa Rosa to the More brothers is c~cplex. In 1858-1859, Chase E. Huse, Attorney for T. Wallace More, purchased at. public auction Thocpson's one-quarter island interest for SJ,000 .. Manuela Jones and children so!.d their half interest in the island to Alex ? . More in 1865. for $18,000. From 1865-1870, the six Thocpson children separately sold their interests in the islarid for various amounts to T. Wallace, Alex?: and Henry More. One of'Th0111pson's children, Albert, stated the attitude of all Thompson's children· •o1llen he wrote in lS,69: "The island has never yielded us anything. Could not sell to nobody but More. Could not sustain an action, and if More did not want to purchase it he could enjoy the oossession of the same for a lifetime with ~ut interruption." v (see Santa Barbara Historical Society. file "SRi." c:-""'"t,.,, '01.ren o·~eill, Hisfory of Santa Barbara~ (Union ?rint Co. I 1939). P· 366.) Several years later T. Wallace exchanged ~ith A. ?. ~ore his interest in the island for a one-third interest in the well kno~'"!l Rancho Sespe. A. P. More in 1870 sold his now one-~alf interest in the isiand to~- H. More, Mrs. H."H. ~ore "l- L .,,,-••-- v· • ,. -· '.V • '>· •• --t::-..- .r .•.. ..., ..• -,i,. ~!K~':z_t!~(r-5,~~,·1·:~_,;!?,}-~,,.~,'.~'':"'?-~~·yz~~;&'~'~';~~~,--~r~~=:;·,x"~ ~~~ . -~ ·::· '::::- v.:':{ :·,·-\ { .'1: ;· ~t~~:-11·: 'c!, • "r"' .; !' !; It 1 sold the· land back to A. P. in 1881. Fro'm then / on the island was leased, C-o vatiouS' members_ of the More family. before; being sold in the. early 1900 's •./\ -----';_.--:-~~~~~~~-,--,-.~~~-:--~-:--~~~.;__.,.._~~~~-,/ f'("see Doran, pp. 197~198 and Holland, p. 57~ 33. ·See Part II: STRUC!uRE, "Rancho Viejo" of this report. 34. Cleland,.?. 32. Holland, p. 56. ~ ~ 1't£::;.f,.,\o <;., •. ~~t ~t=<\W\ • Thompson first house, '-'hich "as built in the "Rancho Viejo" area "as not· located. ~Thompson's second house probably rested on the site of the present cowboy bunkhouse. Bill Wallace r_eme:nbers finding a flagstone foundation ·of an earlier sn·uccure •o1hen the old bunkhouse burned to the ground ."in 1969. {personal. conversation: Bill lolallace, 1982). Paul Collins of the Santa , Barbara Museum of Natural History suggests that the location of Thompson's first . v house carked on the so-callee! "Voy map" is incorrect .Cll!!!!zjj>· '"!: :g.;Ern rl·e Ccn~n~ nerw +h~ location of the fresh water marsh- and suggests that Thompson's first house. (Rancho Viejo) probably "1as ·near the site of the delapidated Ease Point Shacl!-· ..,,.. C$ee Section II of chis report)~ · · ) 35. Holland, p. 56; O'Neill, p. 3,66; Cast, p. i.90. Sani:a Rosa is ho'st ·co a. nU!!lber of .introduced sp~cies. A recent study by John T.' !'layer of the University of Connecticut concludes· that the present day wild boar are the descendants of domestic pigs. Utilizing comparative morpho aietric analysis, Mayer demon.st rates that the pigs of Santa Rosa are not European i>oar rather they are of a domestic stock. (?ersonal CO!l!!llunication Paul Collins, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History). The Santa Rosa Island boar have been described as "fon:iidable creatures, fast, po'Jerful and savage." ~iosc like~y. · they "ere introduced by ThOl:l?Son sometime bet..,een 1844 and 1857. In an unpui>lished :canuscri;it, Rev. Stephen Bowers writes that "Cattle •o1ere introduced on this island :!.n 1842, hogs in 1853." (See Paul Collins. "The Origin and Present Status of Feral Pigs on the California Channel Islands," paper in Santa aosa Island history files, Channel Islands National Park.) Other introduced _,,,.,species including Snow ~eet!JTule (or Roosevelt) elk were brought to the island as early as 1883. (See !hcmiison and ~est, History of Santa Barbara County, Howell North 1961, p. 256.} A proposal to bring ostriches failed co materialize (ibid.). In the 1930's, Canadian elk froc Yosemite National Park were intro duced; the mule deer is from l 37. aean, p. 7~ .-::::::::; !n 1860 :iarbed wire had not been invented and the prohibi=ive cost of luober in southern California 7vircually precluded the use o_f board fencing o:i ra:ichos. The cost of fencing in Ne" York was $96 per mile; in California :he same fence would cost S700. · ~osc fences in 1859 were 7-ioot redwood oosts, 13 inches deep, 6 feet apart, 4 boards, 2 feet fro~ the -giounc ~ith a dit~h and bank on either side.(~·Cleland, p. 87, footnote 1129i :J D 38. Cleland, PP,-.137-148; Pedro Carillo to Abel .Stearn,_ June 6,·; 1861;·.P:. 16.8. · i-39. Gast,. p. 1901G) The More brothers, who bought tne island-fro~ Jones and Thompsons; 'heir5~ . ( See ThOl!l?s sdrke .in collaboration 'with. l.'alter Tompkins, California Editor (Ne·-·s Press Publishing Co., 1966); 3td ed.,· pp.· 23-,.26)" · .,..,. ' ' .', ' < • ' ; , ' , 40. Cleland, p. 162, fro"ro. Sari.ta BatJiara County \a.x As~essment Ro1i; 1869.· .. ·(f' ,, v 41. Cleland, pp. 166~167. 42. Cleland~ pp. 16~. 173, 179, 180. 43. Cleland, p. 186. 44. It is not kno-..'tl ·-·hat. type of sheep 'l.:ere raised. on Santa Rosa. Native California sheep were considered inferior co ~mported "~ine sheeR'' as the comparative prices attest: merino .25-.28 $/lb half merino .21-.25 $/lb American .19~.21 $/lb half Amer~ean .17-.19 $/lb !'!exican '.12-.li $/lb (see Cleland, p. 188~ \.// .45. Cleland, p. 189. The quote is from Charles W. To1.me, Sheoerds Emo~re (Nor::ian: University of Okalahoma ?ress, 194S), "Sheep Against the S~. 2li. 46. Cleland. pp. 188-189. 191. See also "Shearing Tioe on Santa Rosa Island," Overland !fonthly, May 1893, p. 494. 47. O'Seill, p 366. Holland, p. 58. }~1:~;~~~ty~:~·;~~~:::;:~::~~~{!¥~~f~~~~~?7f:f~~~~~~~c~:~:Jt:~~~~~\~- v·· f :,, ~ .... ·:~ ,_ -· ., ,..,., , .., , 1 ; - .-""~ !.'\::-· i~ r ,.. - STRUCT.URES NOTES .. ,- }\ 1. See G.iassow, p. 112-ll)~and Holland, p.· 5~, c ·2. 'Glassow, ibid. 3. Personal Con:munication, Bill ~allace. 4 ~ !bid., see photo sneet 01. 5. Holland, p. 56·. ·- o,·\-&l\\., <="' r\..1 ~ 6. Personal Communication, B.ill ~allace. ~-'Q~ the dea.th of the cook, see "Channel Islands Archives," Item· no. 01752 Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. See·Glassow, p. ll4-ll5.. '· . . David Banks Rogers. :in Prehistoric, xan ·of the Santa Barbar~· Coast sheds some light on the "flagstone" foundatio~ .He notes. that "about' the: mouth bf Ranch '..House Creek>.are nlimifrous remains·'of a very icport'a~t,settlement.C •. Near the center 'cii ·this small flat;. beneath ,'a .series 'o{ '.fliigstones·;·,'were~~ ;ound: several skeletons .. .'°' . .,· . (See Rog.ers, p.· 326.}. It '.is entirely ; •' · possibl~ :hat Thompson· used s·uch "fiagstone" grav,e carkers ·as .a· founda't.:i.on for his structu_re, or perhaps .there is an Indian cemetery·_ underneath the.· , structure. 7. Glassow, p. ll5-ll6. 8. Glasso'-", p. 116. 9. Glassow, p. 116-117. 10. Glasso<.:, p. 117-:118. 11. Glasso'"·· p. 119: 12. Gl;isso'-", p. 118. 13. GlasSO'-", ?· 119, anc! Austin~s, comments in Noticias (S•anta Barbara "isto?:ical Society, vol. V, 03, Fall 1959} . ..,,,- 14. ·See Gast, p. 190-193. 15. Noticias, Channel !slan.ds Issue, Fall ·1959, p. 9. 16. "Channel Islands Archives," Santa Barbara. !'luseum of Natural History, accession Oli88, p. 39. , .. '.-. - ••-' .. • ...... ~J ~~~~::~?:-~·:c:: · 0 17: The Overland Monthlv, "Shearing Time on Santa Rosa Island," in 1893, repoited :"The 'pier has been t.:ashed away.·" p .· · 493. l~. See Jones, p. 202. l~. Glassow, p. 119-120. •20. ·J See ?art I of this report and Ellison, p. 40 . ..,,,... 21. See Hillingor' s article, "Santa Rosa Island Main Jo~:"''<""..-," in L. ~Times, Dec. 13, 1953. ·22. Glassow, p. 120. 23. Glassov, p. 120-12L 24. Glassow, p. 121. 25. Glassow, P· 121-122. 26. Classot.:, p. 122. "Bill Wallace also noted that the China Camp area-was once used as an ../ abalone. camp. He also remecbers chat he found a tea pot there~ (~ers~1_1al u co=unication: Bill \.'allace)....<- According to the San ca· Barbara ~orning· Press of !iay 17, 189:?., a "gang of Chinamen" t.rere brought to the.island to collect abalone shells. They used "long. flat bottom boats." The present shack has some oars hanging· on a wall that according to t.:allace f-D!?e froc a:i old whaling boat; they could .....- b aelly be the oars of the Chin~abalone fishermen. During the ~ore era, the Chiilese 1.1ere also ':>rought to the 1sland to help shear sneep. Some 10 percent of Santa Barbara's population in the 1870s-l890s t.:ere Chinese. ~'hether they 1.1ere segregated from the rest· of the shearers at China Cacp is unkno~"tl. 27. Classow, p. 123. 28. Classot.:, ?· 123. ~:--ikrN 29. See Robert Anderson, "Geology of Santa Rosa," in A.'llerican Association of ?etroleum Geolo~ists Bulletins, vol." 33, part 2, 012._ p. 2062 ~ 30. Classot.:, p. 124-128. 31. See Jones, er;t~~ Tuesday, March 5, camp 04. 32. See Jones, p. 218. 33. Ibid., p. 207. :7y~:::~:~?'~~r~~~0f:I~!~r~~~~~;~:~?/~T:~~f!:t;~~~~~~~tt'sj~~:~:~:<:~~:~,~;~1'i~\0 .... "(.: 34. cl Ibid .•• p. 269. 35. Ibid."; p. 224. ~ I '· . ·~ 1' 36. See Noticias·~ ~· - 9..:10. ,c,. _ 0 37. -~he Na~ion~~·-Par~ -Service· guidelin~s .for- the list of-classified. Struc_ture_s may be~ found 'in Nl>s'-29;·, Chap.'; 3i' - · - - · •- . - - . "' . ,· ,. ' ·,,_, ') Category A - Structures th_at must be preserved'._ _ Category .B Structures that sh~uld be- preserved -~nd_ .maintained.- Category C - Structures that maybe.-preseryed and~maintained; Category· D - Structures that should :be disposed of, demolished, or__ altered_._=--~ for Solne Other_ ~nagemez;it P,Urp_OS_~. - . ( -~, ' -- 38. Chapter V of NPS Manageme'nt Policies categorize cultural resources as follO\ols: . - Ia: Resources that individually possess national significance. !Ib: Resources. that, -while. not iildivid-ualiy j>ossessing national 'significance>: confribute' to the establishe_d significance'. ' k !Ia: Resources that meet the b'asic criter'ia' for listing in the National Register of Historic Pla·ces .and. orie. -Of State or region·a1 significan'c·e. I!b: Resources. that. meet the basic-critetia, for'· listtng· in'. the National-,,_-:., ~ ,. Reg+i_;ter o~. _~is~oric, places _and --~ .. , ,.··~--'!: ... ~~~:~~~~~~~~~tr~~:r1~~~:r-0'.":-~:~i~~~·~~~~~~r.~~~rt"!~... ~~~~-.--~~~~- .. ' ~ ..{ . ·~-=,•J>.' I-·-- BIBLIOGRAPH~ ---,--,-,,----'---':-:---,-..,,----....,___ ..,..-"--:-""f . '3<<"''(""'.\.\t.:;> ~UVC·""·rs ~1.·o·Glassow; Michael A., et all. Status of.Archaeological Research on . - ·Santa Rosa ·1 sland. 2 volumes. NPS P.O. PX8000-0-0007. Office of .Public . Archeology, Aug. 1982. University· of .California, s'anta Barbara. ... ·· ·- , , 2. Cleland, Robert Glass. The Cattle on a Thousand Hills: Southern California 1850-1870: Huntington Library. San Marino, CA. 1941.. • · 3: Rkhman, Iving Berbine. Calfforni'a Under Spain and Mexico, 1535-1847. Houghton l!i:ff:bi11 Co. Boston. 1911. · · - . ;n.Hi;'"' c_ 4. ~ Storke, Thomas in c611aboration with Tompkins, Walter. Calif~nia Editor. New P_ress Publishing co. 3rd edition, 1966...... -4 . n=i~ 5. Bean, Walt.on. California: An Interpr'j?tive History. McGraw-Hi!J,~ lrt;=:::.:I':!:;:...> 1973. .(:;) gj~B 6. \~ :::;= ~ -. Sall erff el d, A. and Lavender, o.· principal .authors. ~.ort V~ncouv_e~~ .N~S Handbook #113. USNPS. Wash., O.C., 1981. / 1 · .c.. • /". J . . • 7: Plasterer, Qr. Herbert. Fort Victo~ia. Colonfs pPr~nt'ers Ltd:-. Canada .. 8. Jones, Phi;lip Hills.· Archeological Investigations1 .on Santa Rosa Isl.and i]n 1901 .. Ed.:R. F. He.izer a·nd A. B.. 'Elsasser. Anthro Records-, Vol. 17 112: Univ. of CaL_ Press, LA, 1955 .•.• , . . 9. Towne, Charles \/. Sheperds Empfre. Univ. of Oklahoma Pres.s, 1945. lie,... S'1wep !:gai113t t:1e !Sea. 1-P· f64-Ztt. ·;,.-th~., cJ.(..,,,K.. 10. Wright·, Austin K. An Islandian on the. Islands. Reprint from the SC 1..--· ~; March 1963, Vol. XLV #1. c~ ..,.;.,.,1 1 11. Life and Adventures of GeorgeNidever. Ed. William Henry Ellis~n. Univ, of Cal. Press. Berl 16. Orr, Phil. Customs of the Canalino. Si!MHH Occasional Paper #6. 1956. 17. Austin, G. M. et all. Santa i!arbara Histor.ical Society. Noticias. Vol 'I #3 Channel ! sl ands Issue. Fal 1 1959. 19. Bremner, Carl St. J. Geology· of San Miguel· Island. SBMNH Occasional ?aper #2. June 1, 1933. 20. Orr, Phil. Radio Carbon Dates from Santa Rosa !sland, Island. Dept. of Anthro. SBMNH 3ulletin #2. 1956, pamphlet, 11 21. Tompkins, -Walter. Channel Islands Nomenclature.'' In Noticias. Santa- ·. -. - ~~:::~~::~~::~~·'.~"~~~~r-~~J~:~?JJ~;fz~:~1l:J~~~'?~~~~~~~:~~~~B~-,~:'2f~~i·'~~~:?:J-·:~· ·: - ;' __y Q-,..1•.;/ ;, _·_?~':'_ -'::.:· ~ .t- '" ~-:,.,.,...,- \. 'i- ·.Barbara: Historical .society. Vol IV aj~ . Oct. 1958.: ~ . ' . .._ 22. oO'Neill, Owen. Histo_ry of Santa Barbara County. Union Pdrit Co . .i939.. ' .__ ._- ., . - 't ' . . ' ' ,, ' - '·t-/1. , 23. Santa Barbara'Historica,l_Society, :p,. 219;,-~ol. .II; Rouse ·"Olden.Days" file,."Big Potent.ial .Is Seen Ir S~nta R.o~a-Isl~nd". . · . ·. 24.· In santa.Ba:rbar:-a .. Histbrkal society·collection'a31," Cha.nnel Islands Ships · opposi.te 'story: dated: Dec. 13·, 11953. Hil 1 i n9er, Chuc·k. Santa Rosa M:ai n ·.·Job:· _Dete'rence: Los· Ang~les ·Ji mes·. , · · · · v 26. Gast .. Ross. Contenti.~s co'nsul:. s'io\'J';f'~ohn Coffin Jones. Dawson. Books, 1976. Los Angeles: ·(In Santa Barbara.Historical .Society) f> • ~ - ' • • CtA ,, Heizer, Robert. CaHforni(3l!; Oldest Historical Relic. Robert ;H .. ' Lowie, · Museum qf Anthropology, Berkeley, 1972. 29. Holland, ·Francis, Jr. Santa Ro·sa Island: 'An_ Arch~ological and Historical Study .. ". Thompson and West. ;~i story ·of s.anta Ba.rbara County;; Howel 1 North~,»1~-6!. Orr, ·,Phil. The Prehistory ·of :Santa Ros~' Isl and. Santa ·Barbara· Museum of· '. Natural Histo,ry, l96B; :· :' '. ·· ·,· · :. · ' -1. ' Johnson;· Jolin Richar.d. Dep.t,.of Anthropology.· _!'IA, Thesis.~ Univ. o'f\. Calif. at. Santa Barbar;a; Dec: .1982. · . · : '.·' r'i" .;. , - ;_, .r•·, h .. : ' --. £;--t~ - ,~:: ... -.c-: l<"}o';)' ,. ~~>ffr""'Y-"' · - ;, -,~,,,.- ..,,,;v,;.-~•-·--~p'Mli~= ' • . ;,. ,., A~i~r.~on ,.: R:b~~t·.-;,rl~ol dgy ~f Northern Santa Ro~~.· ~I~- Bul.1 et in/ 'Ameri ~·an · :Ass~C'iation of'Pet~oleum·Geologisf; vof: 33,,Part"'2 .fWrp. :206.2.' · · " " · ··- i·_. • ·~ .• ·_ '.~'.-,:-:. ~ ;--,·~··,_-_ >__ . ,:~-~ ·~·:~.. {" -"-~' '/:~:-·.::;< _·:.~·-:~~ - - ,__ .,-("' "~}ver}.~nd ,Hoil.th,JY. ".Slieari ng: Ti rrie. 'on sari.ta Ros,a., Isl arid.· ~Anonoiriou's. May 1893 ~ . . . J_ 't>·'' 0. ,.-v_ \ ·~ _,,· ,, ,•,;) . , ' ' .,· --~ ;' . " -;.; .r • - ,._:.... t-:, rnr.--·-,._,.c.:_;._:,G;{-~ ---~-!. .;:.~ .'.·~~(~'.,'.:.·~--/~:~:·. ':,·_~:.:~~:,:.s~,~,~t~~=~"·:'. --~:~... :~*~ ~~~"'.""'-~,. f ~r;:::s:tt!t:~!:.~~:,/_;f~:~'('~:~\~~<~:~:?lg:~~:.;!:~~1~~~~~;:J~'':.:'.~~-j:?f'":,·~ :_=~~1~~{~(~~:;, - ,' f,- - ,* Answers to these, qtles,tions entailed t!i'! d,eve~O!'.)'llent 'of ._, ... a thematic classification,(ntl) whlc~ each ~tiuctur,·or •l5~: qrou!? co•1ld be categ,,cized. l'\.3ny of the l resources !:.:.tt •.maer· :n,,,re tha, m1e c3teqrny., the cl.:.ssifi- cations, were: (, t. Econo:nic 2. Arc'1i tectur a). 3. ~thno-~ultural 4. "lilitary 5. t:idu!itri.al an·:l Technic'll !tesearc!i :>0tenti'cir ,,is one of. tti~.· orimary Rosa tstand, a -:>roblen was face1 in thilt ac'l:le:ni'cians nor- rnalty !'lave 'IOt been interesten in que.stions of a !> 01bregional 'lature. White qeneral histories of Calif,,rnia a~un1, ':lroati research questions on the historical develo9!11ent l)f rnore t::>calized u'lits sue'.\ as the C'l'l'lnel tsla'l'IS have not •iet ener:;ea. With the exce;>tion o.t: certain •Jrban !\ic;tories a:'l'i co'll- 'llU'lity sturiies, local history is frequen':ly ...,ritten ':ly j::>ur- nalists or tonq-ti:ne residents of an area, rather t!\a~ ':Iv trainer. research schlJlars. T!ie 'listory 3ccounts the:efore :nost often ta' inq a cetros9-?ctive at\.~lys.;_s oE co:Tlp~cativa -~.1~.:i nc ntt~~t:.- 105 ·'. ,., ,._ -~(; 7?',~11 : ::~r~;:::->.~:~~r:'::::r~::5 :/~:i'"-::~:~tJ~.-;~ ·",· '':7-1:'~~;;~;\~~·.':Si_ ~"·r;(;~(" t~:; !':~-':{:.::~~3~~~'fc~~~~;,Jf 7 ·• , v ' ''' .~.', $; ·,.~; o 'inq ';o develoo a systematic a:)'?roach to an:ilyzing th~ . ~,. . processes. i.n'?olved in the c•Jltural dev.elo~ent of a smal lee reiion. This pattern often ~ol.rls, e•1e:t w'len !or.:al history is. "'ri.tten ~Y those with 'JC~'auate traininq in histllry, :it; evi- 1 :ie:t-:en in· such works as !>.-'1elairle L. Ooran s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~obbins 1 : ~ C;italina Island (19ljJ) or the ;nl)re recently :)U~li.s'le1 boo!<, Anacaoa Islanti (1'>133) bv L,,is :;. ~o">erts. '!''lis is ·oerhans ':>eqinnin'l to ch;in1e, '!lbeit slowly, as ?•1~iic historians are ioinini:i archaeol.O']ists anti ,qeo']raoners in looi 3ecause the cultural resource' V,!11.U'? oE a site or struc- ture ca:i ,,nly !:>e a1,eqi13tely assessed ..,:,'?n it hils been co:n-,, ?are1 to others in the r~ion of which it is a oart, the near th of past ".lata a!:>out the Channel I slan·is in ')en er al, an~ Santa R,,sa Island, S?ecifically, makes the tas~ ~E ass£'qning significance difficult. '!'he -liscussion section w:-tich follO' ranqe of'. possible research vatu e: 'lliqht elucidate current or c;>0tential research inte:ests and ?rObl e'!IS. i..o;, Dc.;x.. 6: ~n ~J l - f ~ • . 'Pc..~J &\ \11..>~ t\\•c.~~I b\~oc.U C; I ~~- \~~ L..~y. 1;.,,1~~"\\ r .. , . ~--~. 1.:.-...-rv __ . ..,-: .. t 1 . :.;~ \• ::· ',\'/u 4 11•i,1~· 7'imt (1/l S1111fd A()Jfl /J/1111tl. , , t/\lny, ."·;·.-.i !~~l~J,~J;~·J \..:~ ~l J_/1fTil:li1Jr------:ITI., U1i ,..Jlllll1r ,l\OJil ~.Jo11uu, ••• :. ;. • ..,? ' •• • ', t <• o o o o o o o ' ' :~~~ tr.··~~! .."1• oo o o ...... :, .... ,,: I". i :••, ... • .. o o ,,•'1'0 1, I-;}; 1:1:1::ri:il ;. c1irlc1l u11 on the deck· ·.The 1lispby ..:,s ,4 11:n 1r.r.: 11:!~ · 111 ~ :ii: •rn•r. 1 !),. \ '. lt'"l.'J. ..:SQ!j ·~;tffl:hc" p~1ilnsopher ·~,~;iiiificent, ' I.;• r.o;•;T!;;::r f,;I'/ !lillc 1'I1 S•' r.·• .r... , '·· .:.J. ' 1:J.'.:3•!,';I. I.s311 I 11 '~t ·1111 Icss son1cone' l13< I some· .l I1e rcl1cent' C3fll3in, who h?tl M'c~• 11 · · ·• ~•J · :., .1 i(.~·~l!11.1g very 1111port~nt to· say, ~e hoped sunsets in Sant3 lb1 b:ir:i ch:innd,ii ~··'":?! ~..::II:;_~ • • '.•;:,~ t~•f;:!.~e)' woulcl m:il:e no rem:irks ,to hilJI. a !h:in h~IL !•i~ life, cxcl:iinml."·itll:~~ . h mcmher obscr· 1shmc111, 1 hose who ll'cre .. ·-::---. r ·\,.:'7f'7 ~ ;.--- • · ::i• <~:J~,.. ~nnlher .s~oppctl h~r 1fl:~111'i:n Jfj) Of lhc lllOUnl:llllS long .;ind S. Sj>CCCl.iless ll'itl.1. ?.:0J.. . ~ir• 1h:1t 1mperturb:ihle .lantl, with abrnpt hii;h .blu~.~s F•t; V ~ !/. '.,:,1 ~~ fioy cl11I not cat ell some; hut the only blJcldy into the sea of fire. , The1ca "S ~ I_ ' I d ;--:~11~'\'fr;; 1.c~l"inlc~·~sl'w:is in thc.r>.ro;:rcss 0·or ~he deepened a.ntl h~ightcned cve.rpoi'I\~ A. ..., ~ • Q S,6 - <::.. . A. fL _ .~,·;i ~~r~"'"'. wh'.ch .at. ~~?nn w:is h:inl.lr prccc1!t· 111111! the 1hsk sJnk out of s•i:ht .1~<:,I ..__ LJ 1 t I 6 - -...;> L.J . ·"ii lfi·j '!!~e. they "Cl~. 111 ~.cJln: :111cl must wail, the:1sl:inrl, and they thought thi:;~ . ::,;,;~. • '.'l;,;7.~"'1 hd,11 fnnl. I he l orh1r;ucse cook w~s:?vcr,- hut ·nn, he Jr;:iin :ippc:ij ~· ""'~ hut a.small party lhat 1lru,·c ~tine on the still w:iter of the ch:inncl ·}!, 1~:,~?~dcd oul pl:ites. of ''"'tton broth, sl.11n1ng ?l'Parcntl.Y throu:;h ~ l:i,ri:c~ r 1hc ilu~l·)' 1111 of rn:iil ltr.twr.cn Sa11· 11 cnul1I not, he very far a.'''J)'. \Vhrn ...~j'! ~~,1~.~,1ch, thon::l.1 e•~cllent clouhllcss, chrcctly.111 lhe sohcl land, wl11ch sho~ larhara :11111 Golct:• one hrir,hl Octn· nncc nn the 1leck 1hr.yfo111id the schonn· )ii~ ~: ~)'.~~med;t~ add insult to feelings already ·dark 'on;cithcr side :incl above! 'fii1 ninrni 1~ 1:. In 1:1l:e p:iss:ii:c in lhc er .cn111111nclio11s a111I co111fo·:1ahlc, ~ntl ·~:. ; ~{f~ccply 111111rcd, and w:is met. hy,.Jl'rn:ins a very-curious exhibition of them~< 1oner Santa Rns:i for lhe channel he111r. 11~11sctl tn the w:iys of fickle wnul, :·,f :.;-:~~.',~~ 11rolest frnm among th~ palloll'S. . th:it 1s often_ seen ,about these isl,~~ ~ 1 ,1 of tho:imc 11:1111e. I\~ the lopnf th.e .:111s1ous we.re cheered by the cap· :'.~ ....f :"'""-':!'!,Others, who.were not. 111, ale tl111.1gs_ tliou.gh An:i,c:ipaisgcncr~llytlu:fo.•·c mesa w3s rc:ich.e1I, th~ little vcssr.I ta1n s. prnphccy th:i~ "we .ll'uuld be , ~ l~~'!d talked abo.ut them: ·'":an un~cchns: one 111 that respect.. . .q ltl· loe seen sw:iy111;: b7.ily :it her ;in. th err. 111 a fell' hours. if the w1ncl would ·.;:.r ~:;.!'!anncr for a ll~1e, but .until one 1s thor· After s~1nset a clchl1cr:ite hrcc:7.e'ca r:ar.•: in thr. lilt le h:irhor, :incl the cnme up." This g:illant officer snon ':~~ 1::!!!;,!>~':thly·used to 11 the silence of a c:ilm and slowly m·oved the schooncrdnto: fl hn:it nn the hcach rc~ily In tr~ns- made t.he bllies cn.mfort:ibl~ upnn the)~~ l~~~~~ i.s quic_ting; one cannot ·t:ilk lri•·bli. h:irborbctwecn the isbn~ls; thc~ir.,;. \the passenr.rrr:a111I then· helo11i;1111;s 1lcck w'.th m:iltrcsses a1.11I pillows f~om :!}: ~"t~.t,!~s in .the nc.ar prc~cnce·of. the r.rc:it cold Jnd cnlder, large sails \\'ere S(\11 ,.., ilcck. \Vl11le the b:irr.af!e was 1hc c:ib111, for they un:in1mously deculcd ,.,, ~.'f.!Jghstcnmi; pl:im or soow.hcaving swells, nver the prostrate :forms on ·ded~ ,;. 11 1111 1, 1he iilh: nncs of 1h~ party in. that they would not i:n hclow,-bcforc •... :~ f;~)·~.nbrokcn, a111l'sin~ing. softly int.n each kCCfl it:ofT, -these grew heavier\;~; ti;::ah:tl thl' asph:ih11111111inc at ~lore's the wi111I bcr.:in ~o hlnw. "..l .,.;·~!J,!hcr, JS they wh1~pcr by. A ll'halc hour asdhey 1ircw more tl:imp,-.~.; ,.1; 111:. \\'hen the s:11ls were set, the boM .~.; ~a;,,.couhl be· seen s111111t111g n~•v :111d then. hour th:it seemed loni;er 1h:111 lhc'o_t 1,11 ". Ions"' the r.liltcrinll' i.emieir. mnveil sn slowly th:it mo:inn ll':1s hard· ;:;.; ·•(!r,.:)V~cn the sm:ill hoy :islml wh:it the)' to :it least one sea.sick :11111 slc•:1.t4 ;, lo°br~ tiloeks of the mincr:il were ly perceptible. The s:iils O:ippe1l li111pl)', .:. ..::: f~:;>!~~~ew up the water th:it w:iy for, the w:itcher, who.s:11v lhe cnnstclbtions:'r 1,1.,1 :""'"~ 1e:uly fur sl~ipmrnt. Tiu: the n11l1I~~ d:inl:etl, cniwers:ition r;re": ;'}.1 .:~~6Pl!1losopher :inswcrcd th~t it 11111s! be· .anrl wh.ecl across tlic .inclir.o .sk>)~ .ol li·:I;:•· Jllllt•ol 1lnwn.1111n 1hc sea, a sca1ce. I he kelp p•ssetl, the heav) ".';~ ·t:;~J:,~cc:iuse they were sc~·s1cl:. And ·he ..the pall1tl ·nlil moon s:11I. wc•nlr·111~, •I '"""•;\'Ill tl1111ui:I~ 1t tu tran~p~tr~ rcgul:ir swell bf the 1lcr.11 ch:inncl waler '.·.'~' i;..,;1i~~ned over :ind i:r~:inccl. . . the i;r:i~· c1l::;e nf the cn1111111l' i" .::u~n:~MH u ... ;>-. u :; j :: -· . ~~u... ""I """" ~ . . . ~.-: t: U =:: -j"U C ~L · ~ g ""= ~ • ,.. -=". .,.u · . ~,. :. ·=-g~ ~~-~ e1-; ~=§ . 5 ul;;"'O: . ,.,:;::~.... , -- · 1/. : ... : ~ ~ 5 ~-:~JI g ~ E ::.:. ~ ~ ~ 0 · ·-. .r. ""'§ . . "' = , - ,.... -:I""" u "' r- .., ~ "' ""' ,, ~ ...... : ;q ~ :; it ...: It~ -:: ~ ~ " ~I~ ~ .-:-.._ ~; •• • c= - .: ~ u 5 ef ~ E - -= ~ U1 ~ ~· ~ ~·~ . · ..., ~ U .: ..: -::::: f:; c v. ~ = ufV. .E ·-:C . - ·l ·:· . ._ i.: ·= ~: .:. ~ ~ ~ c =~ ug •...... ~ ~t..: c - :.. = --= c .u v. u - ·- - u < u r: - o t.O = :;; u :.J - r: r: r: ·u C" r: o =-= o u u v. o ~ ·- ... 11 if 11! 0 1 .:: .:: !Ji!! - .• ":..<.: "·-= !l!II!!= "'V.< =::::-.::co-= \\I - = !!I!!!!u;:;::: = !::' c; = ... Is:!:·-= il Ill l !!l !ill == ,,,,::12i ·1= -= I! !ll! li:::r:I ~ L~ g 2 ~ g ~ -~ ~ -~-:: 2 § -~ =~ -~ ~ ~ ~ ; -; v. ~ ~ 1 E ·2 ~; g!~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ·= ~] ~ ~ ~ ~ 1-1 ~-~::;.El <: ,., " <.: " - :.J - ·= - t~: . '' v. - ~ - :: ,;..: .:: C '-' - "'· r: .• :! ul =1 · c =- - u :.i ~ r.: :.. ~ fu,.=. - : - H~: !g~ ~ 1~H !~ i~i!t~liHH~ !H~ 1 ~HH!~HH~~~J H\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ·u : £ -; :.: :: :: ~ "': -= ~ r. ;' -= ~ ~ s ~ c ~ ~ o v; ':. .:= ·"= I~· ;f !;,1·:: :: ~ c v. ~ 2 ._ _ ~ ::: -17). 2 -= ~ · HiHHHHHH~U~HHiUHHl~fi!,,iU~HHHHiiUl~-~·-!" u: --t::·.t-- ·---:c..,--'-'"·"'<-=1-1 -c --- ~..,v-u•=1····:- ~ -;_-~ ~ ~-1 ~~-!It~-~~ ·ii t~ ~ .i~ ~ ~ ~.~~ 1;i~1~:~1<~] f ~~-~ ~\~·1 ~1\"~ ~ ~~ -~ ...·' ...... ·..... : .· . :· ··.. ·_: ·.> ..::i :'t'~~~i;!;::-1, .. ··; ... ":.:· .. ::'.·:.-.:.-_:·: ·?.":.'.::,;,,"·,-·~.::,::·;::;·:·:-.'.. :': ·: .• ·,;:.··'J)-~ 0 ..• rl in llu: cnrncr, pcrh:1p~. or lire ,rms, - one 11111:h1 lhrnk lhcrc .. "1~·:,··."~· ··. . -~- . . ..•·...... lhc rc,lhcr Cci,1 or 0 wonclpeckfr: .:1~1: in \'oil11111e :I~ one "'HI""· wo~ cl,nr.cr or, foreir.n i1\\',sion, h11l ,\".' ;.3~;1 ;::::·. ,· . ""~~ .·. · .. _.lricd C\'Cr)" 111nrni11:: ln fr~1i°~C1:;:·~ ' "I' Ille "ir; 1111'1i! c1·c11 lhc lhcyorc unlr lo bircl:;, roses, .< • .-" ,... . ·: ": . · in ow .. , ,,.;")·.;·fo' ,,.- ,·1,i.1:~ . . . 11~ccl. . ~hnolI r.· ~ru,.:::(o;.·~1· .,.. , . . ~~----~..,1-:' ~ ~ ) mr.~~"i:e. . hi~. 11 lclc.~·... ,, "~ lir.kini: she"'~ "'c 1111hc:1rcl. :111cl ~:iliL!.!.1!;:~!1:,_~irc vcrr..' i•:1:!~'.":. "~.. ,·· .··· .~;a:~ , ··sleeper$ h)• lhc wiutlnll' 1i111lcr1 the ,·1.:h.cir ll':~cln_ll'a~ "11i111hlt: .Y""'.':! l'.,1- 1~~~!~\£!'.(.l!!:'•.i'"'I so_~~~1t!l\~k ·"n1! ~ (~:ii~\."·." di~' . ; . cl~: ~,. · . _.:. !1re~s I ll 5011111le1.l likc 11;,1,.:..di;1,~ 1 '.'.""""· 1\'1lh:" l1r'.r;h1colnr111 lus nhvc ~.~\U!!E...11.!!!hs~.-1.l.!.<:.l' ore dong£!2!!.:~ ··; '-.!!!1'~;'~.::, ·-::4-J? ( · '!,r,-r;, .. ,... ~ .· ..c!ol-d,sh, lll'o rl~l5, ~nd so ..fl!· , .;:~ 1 ~11.1, ~p~rk.< 111 h1~ hbck ere~. "'"I. " ~~~;:~~~..'.11111101111le1[ ~"'.' unorn.l.£!!. "!· ?,ti.i}i~~.~~~~ ~ : ~:~-·:JFJ/·1>. :·-:._.:..\.\'hen lhc5un 5ho1.~r. "!:".·. i11;;11 ~'.li,o c.. nnr ,·n1c.c l~'"' '.'·nulcl h:1_,·c 111:1clc l11m '·'·'~.!Jo mcc~.--~.!!Y hun(I.!'~~ ~~ .: ' :'~',~:~J.'.. ··,AJi,~· ~ './? · ~.. . .. '.were. ~r?ughl oro11.1icl; ",nil :·thnsc.~~•i1 ;!'Cl tcrl cl~rl1n;: 111 , f,5h1011,1Jlc ch·,11'· ~~~!l;.Y.E!t .bul 11 ~<;cm_s rldiic11lt _to ex- '.· ~!if:?.~-.~. t1 • • • '"_cnl rid1ni: .fch '""'Plr. rcp~1~1.r_m('~~: i;: room, 1f raic h:1cl 1101 clccrccd 11~,l lern1111:1lc lhcm. I he Co: 1 frnm many or the snrrounchni: plal~aus w1tl1111 a Ccw yc:>'.s p>sl: . :·~- ~~~\~~}hrs .trmc they 111tc:ndcd. to pre· foster "nd foster,- but all. at uricc·iJoc', the view was moi;nilicent. Two South Stones of' v>rrou• 517.C:S with > hole;l, more rn !1011or tor and p:itic:nt sccrlic:d to hove >frcl ;~"':~·~o.mcthrng cla~orate :i.,j 11 , t\mcricon st comers >nrl ." hrir, were s~c:n · I hro1_1~h. the: center. were ohcn. found .. ~ ~g~:~c.mfrc~ucnt presc:n~e or lachc:s 011 about s.o,mething ·-the former'~ t'iill, jl~rJ ; nnc rb)· 011 the ror hluc run ol the l'>crlic. ~I rs. I hrlnsophcr sml sh~ thoui;ht they~ ~!~SJ'"~.!>nd. All. or~c morn!ng there wc:rc hops,- anti the lotter w>s killed hy ,;,~ ::The coost line shnwcrl three roni;cs of must ho\'c b~en murTin rrnr,s. Her lord.;; ~e~·!,,c.nt. p~ep:tt:itrons b~rng made, and touch or the, magic w.ind. ,Thcn''•tiii:I ';mnunt>ins, thcCoo•t R•nl!c look in:; like s>irl she w>s ne>rl)' correct, the ch>nge '! ~!~,,e•. \~:tt ahc:;nnon :t motley procession others cxprcsscct'in ~,;cry re>listiC·;,.;i¥ ;rncrc foothills in the rorq:rourul. And or one kiter would n1>l11: them· puffin(: -~~-~~cd the ~>nch!1ouse: It w>sheaded thecmolionsorrcor;.nnl!cr,•ndrc:i·cn~c'·i · oucc, the Jir.hthouse ~t l'ninl Conccp· rinr,s, ar~il puffins were cousins or the,.: ·t•J-•:3 ..~~rm w•~.o!1, in which w>.s :r. lii;urc the doctor was threotcncd more',:irt;J, : ,:ion, which c•n only be seen on~ clc>r .dorlo, bc:1111; themsd~·cs :i_snrt ?r •e> p:tr·;1 .~~-~~.'~.a flCtlrc.o•t nr:iclc or wool bogs mor~ fiercely, the a.rrows "'c:rqioiniji_!~, : c:or ~vith., i;J.ss, wos .rcOcclcd 111 the rot >nd r>rcly ~ouncl 1n this l>t1t111le .1.1ow,(, ·>.t~-~.,.!.n~imcd with shreds or red O>nnc!; at lus bent nncl. sh.runkcn lii:,urc,,hc:~~·~.~ 1 . :iioi:rc mirror or the mrror,cbr[:Cr than thoui;h once \cry numerous, >ml the;.· ;-·~,_.~htch .some: or the party hncl cvr· about.to lose hrs hfc but hcgr,c"cl 10 ·1n-. ·. ·any. r.hlccl c>Stlc on the llhinc. encl or> stick pl•ccrl .in the holc:i!1 lhis'.: ]·d~n.H~s}c.nfier.d ~hdr unclcrwe"r. The his.skill o'ncc more.• Tl)e ·others" wi't:i'::' \' lncli:m tumuli ~~c "err. numerous in pchbl~ would. send .'' :i Ion~. chstJnce ,j l~~·~;?s tinte_d with red ~cher, th~ now. drew a )iltlc, he bent over his ,\'ictin>~. :. mony pt.ces, oncl rn p.1ss11.1g the~n the and krll the bmls .norsc:lcssly. ··!0 . •:f .~cks wc:rc .~•orsc:ha.'r, :incl 11 .was. 1;:ived Jrms ~ncl bocl>'. to ond. fr~, then:: , riclcrs were sure to lincl somcthrni; of "You. may.. be ~rght aho1.1t the tuftc~_- ~~VW.~ct,, a.bout wtth s~rrpc;d ~owcl111g. hhcd th~ hc~d, ·.:incl ~lowlj• .thc"i'hli,1~ 1 ~ ii1tcr<'st. llcorls there '"cre,-pcrhops purTin rn1i;s. sorcl the Fhppont ·M.cm·,, !'of~~·~!.~ 1 ~r!I ·~•s !~ rc:p_rcsc~t thcgoddcss b~dy to its Ccct., The m~n. "'~s".alii."~::1 : n»tlc Crom the ~n1:cr hnncs or some ·~Cl', "b'.11 yo1_1 ~·n 't pro\'C ,,,,,.these.;, fah~;;:·~ ~hecp r>rs1ng 1nd!1Slry, or a he•: and :ipp~rcntly \v~ll; he c:1~1br•ccd'~!l l'I,\~.:: ·cncm)'nr h•lcrl m·>I, >nrl present eel to h.ttlc >b.1lo11c disk\ \~1th • hole 1n ~ne, •:,:·at dc:t~y, noncco~ld lin.d out. rclnt1vc:s, anrl amid the wrl.rl doncc. t.~·otfi :':, )n\\'·hrowcrl m:iirlen wc>rinr. a few sule, an: not >l,,,rri;rn:il poker chip~. ~/: ... her figures drc:ssc:cl queerly, c:lahor· followed the •m>gicion w>s ·rcstorcil'irl~ "fc>lhcrs in her hoir >r~ol •smell of /''.I.fir _You sec, they C>niecl them ~II :t s~rin&. ~~~~flc:eor"tccl.wlth ~~hc:r·and fe:tthc:r his dir,nity, ~nd rcti~c~I with ~1.?D~.~~\i , ;,.1r, h)', rhisk)' hr>1·c 111 o cn>I or whole· obout the pc:rsnn so111c"'hc1c, hc~>use .. •:· ·. ,-dresses.• >ncl car~} 1.ng sp~ars, bows, they shot .their :irrows'" the arr:., c-i.!i''l'I ; nil' vornish >rul red ocher. The or.her lhey h>cl no pockets. !' muM h>1·c h1·cn. {~ 1.'.~~-~ro,ys, w>lke1l on c:rth~r wlr.,chont. The song.~ thot: followed 1 ~crc'"' niorif.'~' '. l):mk~ ore r.l ill _1 h~r:e, "'i1_h parts rnissini;, • rel id to. r.it >t • •1•.11ct. i;:omc o~ drall', I :~~:i~~ 5tr>ngc:, slow refra111,:- the four >.n.~ v_oriC~, nil in ~ponjsh,.thc j~kc·,~·,\!.r'r_iil -it m•)' he soul 111 po~5111r,.->s prnor nf oftc~ h>1·1111; .the tlc111111t1nn r.rnul .of ~b~'~: als or a cho,rd _des~cndrnf?, the~ o .1!1111~trchn fashion onrl .loc>l m ~•"oi·,} I j he suriiii~c oltnvc stolcrl. . m:rkrn::: holes 111 those hurl stnnc:s ·with. ~. r.;. •.. ~horr> note,- benrlrni:- their bntlrcs put 111to the funniest Enr.li•h. :th~t. the~, The hilmon rcmoins, rni:1HI in such I heir 1irimit i"c lools. J\ nil lnok >t the: ;~f:'~~y. to the e>rth an cl lirtini:- the ri:'C: heorc:rs might not lose the pnint. Fa~c;.'·'.1 2 'fll>ntilit·~ nn thi•i~f>nol, h~ye hCCll r.nv. 1110C~l"Oni !"he C. 1 n'rp111lc: lhc ~lihnni~ll l'"""f>hr,·,;c or lhe their f:'ltCS :tl l:tSf fl'IJIH tJH: l'Ccl :UHi r.oJ~l ~~?'.~~ Within _.their hc:uing into ~t)lllC I 1'ht:.•f'. nr .... ~r,~l'rol roi111c1;":": r'U•f'tln -·i1,h :\ '''"'';, , l 11 'ii;>p>nl ~lci:ibcr. ~un~ct, :incl tow:ircl lhc for hl11c: co:'lsr: ~-~!~·. .'oC philo~ophic~I _rcOccti~n. The ~~·.~~!':!, ·~~~·;'.~i;,~;"c,:~.~~~, ~'t~,,,~:.'~:" ~·"~;~:! ~, ·; l\ \•ic::it nn r,,ot tu ~'·~·:tmlm:il !'~int line nf the ~hrnc where lire··~ chalks were. ·. 1 P.t.~_tullc th:it 1:; :it1a1nccl :it this sort of """'·· ·· 1... 1 ':"''•lo hi. "nJ. t~·· "" ""' •nin1:· ~~~~-lo ,(/ ~'-' ,, :. ?A,R't' 6 i .;.;; ·,. ;>..i'J T:r:: ?l)'!':::-trIAL .~o~ ';{'(~~,!o:uc ARC!l!'\".:O~'Y;tt:!'\~ ,'5tTeiL .i_, ·1 ntroductio,; -, ; 5anta Rosa tsland, li! "AaS· !ltade-'!:>y the Spanist:i: naviqator Juan Rodr.ique_z Ca~r'il to in tn fact, so:11e.have'soe~ulateti th~t',he 0 :nav have·· - .. . .. ·. ·- . .. ; '~ been buried on thi,s .isl.'and .iri l.543 rnstead :9e: n~.iqhborinq ., '<'1 ,.' .. san.Y.iq•1'el island'· (Heizer 1972); . . ,.,, ' -,· . . ' - 0 . -·. - . -- ·~ ' - .~ ,_,,,, ,_Th~ .histoi.'.i of s'anta?R~~a :fst~~';j a!ter' suet\ ·e~;ty.:c~·~-·' i~ , ,. ,, ,- ,,.,·~ ~- _,._.:~:-~_,·~/~,,; _... f} _ ?- ;; ·· ~- , ,-.,,/ )·1.-r' '" ,, ', t'a'~is· is a c.hr9nicle Of Oeo;>le arid hO'" they_!l~Ve Settt'ed :~nd~• · ·: .!• _.develo!?ed th_e island t'o :ri'eet _their ne1?ds; ° Co :nan-ma;ie enyiron_ment ;forinq .tl\e ~exica'l anr.i ·~nql_o-A'l'er,U:an ?eriods of_ California ~istor~. This era t:>f occuoation and lan'.i use "!'I the isl'af1:i l>eqan in the 1~4cis, rou11'lly t1<1e?lty,, flve years after the last ~huma~'l left Santa· Rosa is~~nd for the mainland to be baptized by 'Francisca:'! missionar i_es. The objec_ti"'.e of the histt:>rical research reoortec{here was co id~niify ~he nature and locations o~ histt:>rical archaeological ,resources. These resources might 'include re:nains of buil1inqs no lonc(er stan-iinq or extensively rnt:>di- fie~, :-e:nains of facilities associate:i "'1ith ra·nching and " ~ . ' " ·-' '.:,..: t·~.. :<~\ ' :.;~,~~\J} ~<.: ~~?~~1f:!~~1ttl~~;.g'~~~~~;rr~~t~.~~}~(·:· . ~,, . " • ~ r ! : ) !'::tl;. ' " A''.• ,• "a· .. · .. o ' o",, "-e ' ··?t~<:?r-activi'~i.es, :Hsca_r~ iH,eas adjacen_t .to b,uil~inq"s. anti. n - " - - L - -,. '- ' , •• cent- ,, • tloq-:, ica~ resources~ . -...·_. 'l'he sig!lifican_ce'i>f hi1 ~t.,r~cal al::chae?loqicai res_our·ces " is ver.v :iiff_icult t:o ~efine in ~i1~t· of the 9resent"st~tus" of l ," - 'A ~ • • )J. • J •:c;• '." • ' ' ' - , ' r~source. i'f little: or no ;-:hc~mentatio'ii exists,,for a ·q'iv'en \-. ' ,... ') . - •• 1 • - - • "! • ~ .,...( "' - ,--, ... t -., - r-esoJrce,··35 ·w~;; ~~h'e•c~i{~--with the ·foit°i:al oh~s~•of ;ra~~ni·n~- ,,. 0 - "-.' • ... -- ... -_ • •• •• - - • - ' ' • : - - ._, ... "'\ ,' • ; . ' -l - ~ ~ - ., -." ''!Ctivity on the \sl~nd';_its.siqnifica!'ICe as an 'a~chaeol0q'i_; .- ·_ ,.\ "_ '1 -, ~ .'/'", ,o.. , -..,,;' ~ .. ; ,~ _, ' t- .. ~ cal .re_sour,ce is enha,!'lce.'] becau,se only throuq~ a::chae0l0qical- iri~e~tigations m~y information l>e qenerated. Si~ilifica!lce lI is also 1efined in terms of ~he resource·s association wi.th I- .- - blportant historical eyen'ts '?r eras. ·on Santa Rt>sa ! 'stan-i, even_ relative~y ::ecent -eve:its sue~ as the military use of th te:~s of the infor~ati?n ootential of the resource. So~e historical arch.?eoloqical remains on the islanti may yield only very ?.mhig1Jous information that cannot ne ef~ectivelv. ?Ut into a ~istoric co!'ltext, w~e::eas 'otl\ers ma·1 yiel:i,a wealth t>f nata ~ertaininq to ~~~t activities. :~ -~, ', -;- ·:... ·-~... ;·, ,- ~-- ...... ; _; ..., ,, ,j...\';' \_,',::•. '~->-~;,;:--;\·:~~ -__ ' '.~\~~~:~?:0;~~~?~t}fif~f!f:~{~f~~~;:~:~~?~~~~;! /: - ? ~ ' Th'is· :;tu-iy ;)[:es'.ents; of-,those . cf 1 an-,in·~entory_ h,istl)ri~,ai ·- 1 - ' ,., ; -- ,, - - - .,: - ' r eso.urces' t:hat 'may have 'i0:~e siqni,H.cilnc Other res_ource~ in .the· in•1ent.ory :n.'\'( ot·'llay :not be.of 1-i'is~ .tor.ical im!,")r tan'ce: th.e ilV'\ i la!)l e .data are n'?~ SU_f:f i.Ci en.t 'to :na' •xpansion of t~e i~~e~tory 3nti a ~learer identific'ltion of, the nilture and lo-::ations ·of the historic _resou_rces so f_ar i 1 en ti f i ed. · Sources ot !'nfor:nation 0 ?u~lished Literature The investiqation be1an with a thoroutjh survey o' the relev3nt llteratbre on S~nta Rosa lstand. This in~lude~ · readinq standard County histories, portions of books, and a few select· articles concerninq the l'.:hannel i:·slaiitis. ".:ounty , ./''. ·!' ~ - . --~~ ,;~z<~~~~:~ ~}~:,':'-~;~~, _, n 'i, - t ',. ' . ' o hi stor i ~s th'lt . ..,e !lave cons'Jl te::i:.i nr.i"Jd~'!" .Jesse··,,.· :-i·ason, · ••• < • .. _ - ,1~'7-,'' ,_';. "~ .'',,>', (>;;-·: _ _ ..,~-J •;' J•\ )--,-,',-~I History o( ~- Barba[.a'Countv, 'caUforni:s '<1~:'33) (;i'!fla: A.' • ' ,-:. ~ •' '.. • 0 •/ / • ! - (189,t):. Ch;\rles'M. Gi'3ney, History of Santa Sar'>ara,.·Sa_'n ,, c ,. .--.-.Luis Obi sno, --and -Ventur a Cou.rit i es, Cal'i f orni'l ( 19171 : '' ~i'ch~el .J. P!iilli9s, ·Hfstorv of sa~t~ qarbiira county (19271_: .and Ow7n H•. O'Nei·tl,,·R'istorv~of· Santa '9arbara .Cou~·tv (l939j • . . ·?·; fj'>lde'r~~ The C!iannel~Islan-:!s ofc~Hfc;;r~ia · n91oY ,and>· . ~:i~r~ide 'i..: oor.a~::L? ~ ec es."~,f Ei9!it .Ch'annel ~~i sl!nds P:.~~,~~~-· <_ ··~)- (' ' r ' "' ' '_ ,.~ , • ' ~, :-(': , "jt-~. ~ ,)•? • - , J ' ·• '' ·, . ~ , ./' ' , ., ,_ I '·~ i;>rSt valu~~le over.view rE!'tlains ?rands R...... · . ··' \ . . . " . . " ' ...... • . . ' ..• H'>lland's "Sa:ita Rnsa !.slan·1: An .ri.rchaeol01ica·1 ar\·1 -:Hstori_- cal Stutiy" 9u~lished in"Joifrnal of the West (l91i2l. w.os t of tties e works were oi:>tai ne".3 f ro:n. the 5tieci. al Col"- lect.ions Library of th~ UCS'3 Library, the 5'lnta Sarl>ara Pu'> lic ~ibrary~ and th~ Santa ~arb~ra ~istoric~l ~~ciet~. Ea~~ of tfiese institutions also h~~ a small file of information on ~anta R'>sa Island, but the but~ of the ~ateri~l ~as nrit .pertinent to t!iis pr~liminat~·st~~v. In gene:al, these ou~lis!ie1 so~r~es orovi~e1 only l !:>road nrofile of the i.;lanr.·s i:levelo.,:nent an·:l frequently re?resent a later inte:pretation rather tha:'l a ~'::>nte'llOt>rarv re::ord ot events. Perha?s even :n'>re imrx>ct'lnt; the va:io•Js, .,,r ;> ..., -- ' . .,. J'-· . :: ~ ...... ;... . " --/ .'.-.:,,. ·J7<~,.'i¥ ;_ _::r~--~,)·?:-...d -:~I'·~.:/·.~,.;..:~,--~, ;;' :~- "!i,.~~··'5f,_i' A"-'iti<~~ ~l~'~'t'r.¥•Tv"'i.'.,).'i!'; ~-->,;,,':'!:~.fa"'?":,'.,'•">q,·:.r;;,\;"'·~~·""' -~~i¥':';_r;.'·'r1',;.· t~h~~~fj~~~'tN"''~~:1TJ~~ ~t;"J1''1,}?.~~~~If0,{'t%f(t0t~ '1 ·· \. ... n"'- ;t'"r' ?, \ _ / .j '4-t '"' , .;;, ..: .-.,.:r '-' • ;I .., n' ;;:; v ' ':J - , ~ .__. ' \,,~ ; '·~ • . ~ • ; ' ,/ , I •- r 0 ac~ounts were oriln;ri.i~:'3ene~ al ·inrnature.·and seldom- "lis.,. · · "'t · ~. I - l, ~ - - . • , ' - , . ;_• - , .• ' , . . ' . -· . ~ , ., 'I -;J ,. . '- 'o 0 ; ' ., i· "'~·- .·;~cuss e1L ttie bu/1-:!i ng~. or ,o~t\~er st'r~ct\1t';es'.' ·'.~her{ "arch i,t~~ 0 ' < · tutal'f.eatures .wer;,.mentionen;'·litti·e>neta(l ~·~s ',;~oi~~~a~ /. • ... , • ' j• ~¥ • . • ..; '•: .. : " \~, ~l •• ,-_,, .. ,.. ~- .' - ·,- ·-. ,-, ~- I ii}'!1'writers n'l,t: c••' !i~~t«?rians hi\~.e. traaitiona~lv •!:>.E!~n, _; '-, t int -~.-- i net uti~ all .,,.{~ ·t~'e- ·hi s·tor i·c.. r e~o•Jrc.t?s~·- tha-t cci.. nt r'fbu t ~:l to ,~ : tn order· to dete~nii~e'.whet.her' inforr!la'tio"n of'0 .in'. "s"ist.oi ic~\ :n'itu.r e W~S, 'J.e,n er i!i~ edc .,y: local 9 ma1e to various County of S_anta ~rbara '?iJ':>lic !liencies. The°se inclu"l-b1 the County ~e:;:order's office, Colll'\,ty Assessoc's.ofEice, Cler!< t>f the County S<:>acrl of Su:>ecvisors, . : ·o ~ . _Couri~y lhll of.Rec"c:~s; :!.'l'i the Co~nty Surveyor's of~ice: Very lit::l_e inform3::~·on ·.,:is 1arnisl;ie"1 frCY.ri .tt\ese of.He.es. ~useum of ~atural Histt>ry The Ch?.:inel Islands ~r-chives at th.I? 'lus.e11:;-, t>f.· ··:-1.:itural History were also C:on!';•Jlted. This ct>llection, so far as 3anta, Rosa t slan·j is concernen, -:onsists ?r eno:ninantly of.: xeroxed ~u':>lic records: wilts, ?ro?erty trans~e:s, ~oct- r~-:'(,·,.' .; . , ' 9CJ· ,_ -... ~~ ~,~· ,,.•; ,:,-..c~;~_ :.-.. _\" -.A~·;;-.::~~~-~';' .. ~ 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~;~~~t~~· , -~~~~~:-;:.~~--*~~~~·~~~~;~r~~~f~~(~l'S~f#>t¥jlr'~~~~~i:~l .:j~O.l,3J3;~)- -~ ' -.:.· :; "'· ' , , n '. ' , ,, · · M ,, - )_~ ·~ :_· ___ .. ~ -~ - ~~; ~" - _.~t~"'. _,,~/::: _.-.>- .--. , _; :L >·· _c;- . , .. __-_,~: . 53 ., S~nta ·Sarb'~ra H,istoi-~~al S~c~ety','_,P·: ·219 •"YoY: .- i_I, · l!.ous<"Q~~~ri~Day,s'.' ·.-...-. , file, , Big l.o.tenti~l is 'Seen. _in ~ar;i.ta .Ros~ Isla_nd' '·',' ::APP.~ndiX, !~ of,. ~hi,_s .re_P,t?,Et ' contains the full text of Bro1.'tl' s · proposai.·.- _ .. , ,,, ·, · '; · ·- : . ~): ': - .~ - - ' .. , ;'t:, ·- -. " . - ·~ ~ -- " '\. ,; 54. Itiid.<> 55: Ibid. 56~ _ T0t.-ne, p. 212. 57 .. Doran·,. p·. 198. O'Neill, p. )66: s.?.e. l.'hile· cattle in the 1930 '5 "came· lean from 'Mexico. ~nd when taken.1 off ~·~ · spring are -r~adY .. fo~ the ·,s~augl:t~,e~ h-c:>Us~," Vai.'l .. anc:I ·viC~ers· · i_s~i~ci(r~nch r• ·• today is rio)onger devoted:to:firiishing _beef stock_._ -~o¢ay the caftle.are merely fattened up on' the. island "for two we't seasons" .before b~ng· taken to J the mainland where they, graze on a'feed,~ot before being sold.( "An Islanqian on 'the Islands," Southern California Quar'te:-ly, ·~rch '1963:vol: ·XIV 01, p. '5~, , . 58., Personal Co~unic~ticin: ; P~ul. Collins, s·a!'i:a ·Barbara 'Museum of Natural.; History. ' 59. Pers_onal Communitation: 3ill 1.'aliace .., The history anii ~significance 'Of the oil. cocpany' s. presence on the island· is a research topic' which· d.eserves fur the~· £.~pia;: £Jt. J e~~\V\H'l~\1c:!n·. 60. Santa Barbara Historical Society Collec.tion 037, Channel Islands Ships Story, dated Dec. 13, 1953, "Santa Rosa Island ~ain ·Job: oc-;:;:.,c.:: , ·./ Chuch Hillinger,Los Angel~s Times. ,-, .. U' (,·,, 6L )bld. n . ~- S12t:'· ;.~. 62. In. F~a~~Y 1946, .the .u.'"s: N!!yY ~eque~~ed tJl:t.>they b'e .allowe,d L~ ,· :, .construc.t · two·.observa~ion sic~s f!>t: "?i}~tle~s -.~i.rc;raft_ ·.u;n'its;" e~ec(r/ronic tests were allowed and .entry permits were issued b)• .the ·landowners. /channel '1183')Islands ' Archi.ves' ' ' :: Santa Barbar.a ~useum' 'of'· Natural,, ' 'Hfstorv,' . ' . ' foider' .· ., OBS( and:·. 63. The Army negotiated with Vail .and Vickers in 1941 to lease six ac:,res· atop Soladad Peak as a "site for' a listening·post;" the lease· was- for $100· a year and .the Ar""1y was·· to constr~ct a by-pass· road,: rebuild chiifes and ', .,/ coq:~ls at the ranch 'and 'add to. and,. repair_ the··Jhar(ac'ilii:hers Bay." ·The cattle boat, Va 64. Glassov, 'pp. 5, 132. · • ... ·~~ 1'' '" - 65. Ibid., PP.· ·131-194. - ,- f, ' : ., - -·-· ' d· .... ·' ,... ~- ;.,. 1 • ' • ' :t: •' · ~Orr introduced .certain jnodetji_ .an_alytical :app;ioa.ches incl't,ding radio carbon .da,ting. to es_t!!blish chronology. · Orr. i:as also, the· fir<>t. archeologist in' the 0 ri;gion concerned, ~ith' the' analy_sis o_f regfonai ·distributio,n of sites .;:;,hich' according '.to Glassow· today "comprises a major .'segment ·of. ·.an· archecir'ogi'C:al. · ' .ende.avor '. 11 (See Glass ow.', pp. 5"'6} · · .,, 66. Doran, p. 200. John C~s tock, "Contribution- froc the ·LA Museum--Channel Islands Bio Surve>·" (5 l_eton: Southern California Acad'eII:~ of Sciences, 1949) vol._ 45, . .part 2, p. I 07. ~,i~t.Y\ ·. _,, ,, s ,; _.. ~:'.J, ~ '{'~ J, "' :. -··~ .... ~•• /) _,,_.>,'' '-"' __.... I ·- " ', -:; 'j -~ ..,.- • ~';: 'I J .. ·r.. -~~ .; 1 . W.hi. t.!! sooie of .thi?· instru:n!?nt_s. The collections incl·~~r; ... -,._, 0 ,, •• < ~ :~ l • · r·e;>or~,.enti.tle:'! "San, '!i~·J~\ tsl'l!ri1. a:v'I San.ta R~sa't,s1a:nti",,~y}. ", ; ·, _{ ;_ • . i ' , ~ r",., : '. ·,,, • 'I,' ' '' • • '. ··.-'-- < ~' C. o. V':Jy~. Circa 1893, .a~t .1.i~ou_~t-i~s~~~.-man·~~cri$>~ x~,r~_;<~~ ;·' frO!ll thi? original at. the ·sa~~r,oft').ibrarv.·. - • • • ·-_•• ('4· , • ~l.thouqh the·.:- 6 ·r'.e;>ort is ori ente1 to:.qeotoqy, tl't'? •author do'?!>. ma' . ' I _Also: within the._holdiri~s of Hie Chari".'lel':tstallds,- ~rchives is a fot:ier of xllot~: ' ·'', _- - - -., _1 < ~ J ' - - ' ---: ·~./ - ~~- - ~' _',) ~,:· ___--~ . ! -q~~~'lic'p:;)l_{~~,ion o~, the. c!l~ryr\~1 :tstarids;{(>r:. thP.:'~r~h~ii,e_s_ ·: ·, ' o~ ~.he -!>iu~ e~~.~~ · 't'h~ ~~r_a"'\~~~- i/3en t'f~Y ,tti~, foot~H?t of v~r, ~,~ ~' ous ~uildinqs ~n Sant'a. Ri>sa·v:tsl.arid aryti q~ve :size ".li:neris'ions~ ,._ (J These :lra;'inqs are each "n a se;>arate R t /2 • x tl '!• she~t :?n-:3· · include: l: Chi M ':air.;> 2. 9uit1inqs on 01~ Ranch 3. Bun~ ~"uses on Santa R.,sa t'sl'!n.-'I (:>1-i an"! neo,,r) 4. Larqe barn· · ·s. small' ;bar.n S. Sill and ?rue~s h'ouse 7. Si:; ~ouse . R. R ··O-. 9.3 _.:.,--,.: ...... -' .. _;J'::.~;..~ - ·A. .'. ;4.,_~ :.~_,._ •• ~_,. ~-....:.. r. _·.,,. "_':...,,,-;J-.. ~,· -'_I,:..;.~ · ., -::~/:::_.·J. -~,j ~~~;t::;~~~~:?~:;c;~:;~(':·'.~~~~,~~'.'?:·;~~~';':~\~·, ..• -'..Z~ k ~ ;~ ~. - • • ,f :~; • , . ·' "the~.e ?lans, catal.o l)ec3use.'the'Vail family,_ which res·erves t"!te riqlit to r~s;-·'. trict'acc.ess to :naterials,'.c'li:! ~t>t resoond to earlier staff·.· . '' requests for cla'rification as to w!"l!ch 'l)aterials sho•Jld' be restricted •. UC5B ~a? a~~ 1maqery: Laboratories "!'he UCS3 Ma9 and ·(:na1ery Laboratory (ho•Jse1 ii:t !:,lie ~a.in t.i;,rary) cont:ains blacl< ,an'! white _;ierial. ohot0q:i!.?hs of .the?. ·' is~:tnd ta! , . , l. . '.- , I',', r / :'. . " ~ -. a._ .'-· ~. _" !>uild~ngs are viSible in ~rames ::-1~, E-12, .F~ll, an'! ;'f'.:..p., · Other s.tructures-.!!lay. !le; v·isible in ?rames 3::..(0, :tnd A-5,'. !:>ut _-.' . ' ·; - . . • - , .•. ..J' the ~ancho.'Jiej~ see S. Coast and Geodetic Surve'I ~a?S d~til'\ct :ro:n the 1970s (IJ. S. Coast Survey 1872-73, u.· s. Coast and Geo-ietic Survey 1934-35). Personal Co;i:nunication ~istorians have increasinql! realized t~~ ~alue of oral t•stimony fo reconstruct the oast. Not on~y ac~ mal'\y 1•ci- sions an~ ~=tions such ~s constructinq a wt)rkmen"s ~dn~house n'lt recor:led in '.Hitten :orm, ~u:: res90nses to s9eciti~ questions may shi!.c~en our knnwl•jqe o' al'\ are~·s history. l 00, ;) .. ,0 • .... 'V ~ - -<;": ;.;" ' '· .o i ).'.• u'~fort~natelv,AlVaq o~f.·Vai.t and 'Ji~l(ers 1:0:11?'\ny, ~ 7 r:: ,·" - - _-,;: ·~:, -,~'- ____ ., ~ ...... ,, ·."" ~ - . , ., -. .._._ . . _-, -_r_ -~- . ~ w!ii~h owns t~e islan-i,,:..ias 0 not_a.;~ail'.1bte;f._o.r.:intervie;.o1.,.· \ \ < ~.-:2 -- ·' . . ; . . f ' .· ., . - . . ' "< {"! :· . / _- ';; - • • - \ ., ~ \ :- - '_ < ,,,.'" S&..ieve:.,:Mrs·., ~arqaret,'Vait'iWoolley;l(in'1.ly_1ive'of ·h~r: tim too/:of.f~re'.3 ... valu~ble-as'si'stance, Mrs. Woollev was inter- .' •{Ii vieweo iri Person on March 17, 19S2, a~".! 'tr .• Smith b,y 'tei'e-' phon~ on ~·nril 2f and 29', · 19!3'2. . , ~ ' . , .. _; ' ·~_:- ,/ '."'- . Histodc·_o-ierview ~~ : ~-- ". .· 1. ,,. .i;' '; ., ·~ "-.: Sante~,_~osa· ! slan-i "I.as ()r{g{_ni!l ly~grant_e'1_ to Jose Castr'o ;'':--> , ' ;.,,- I r- \ • '· '-' I in 1B4t by th~·:Juan Alv3f~~o! Governor ~f Alt~ :catiforn~a'.: 1n·l8~'?, !'lanuel 'ii.cheltoren.a.!>O?came Gov.ernor,·:in'.3 the i"slan~· 'HS re-qranterl by t!l~ ~eicican -:;~vern!!lent: to Carlos a'l1 -J::>se Ca~til\o in 1941. Soon thereafter, th~ island 9asserl into the hi!n-ls of. the t·.~o ~a·Jghters 0€ Carlos, -each l)f w.fl'>:n ha; '!larded an ~m.edca!i •.john C. Jones, tile 'J. S.'.·COnS•Jl t_o ~·he H.;•.1ai ian t s\~''l1s (then '<~o·.o1.n as the San.·1wic!1 ! slan1s l, an-1 .r.l?heus 3. •Tho:ni;>son, a schooner ca.::>tain, 'i>ecame oart owners of Santa Rosa ! slar:i1 i'n tl)e .t840s. Jl)n~s an~ Tho:n?sdn fo::ni!d a ?a:tnership and st:ock.;rl the islan4 •.o1i th sheeo U~aso·n 18$3:.250; Letter trO?il A. 3. Tho:n?son to T. w-:>1;::ott,· .J•J'le 12, 1857). ~~~%~1~l~~~~~~~~~~;;~~~1~Pf\~~1??:~ ,:- ...... , ' - .., ;,,:,- 0 ~ ,v.- ·;?ri.es·: eve·ritua l ty left ~•·le ~ii nag em ?~t· ;Cthe .b\Ys·i·~~~s :(n~, - ' '," ., , ·, ._ • " • ' 1 • ,- -. ' .. - ,-,..--· • ~- - ' _,.,., : - :""'("'; • ,- , ' • " ,_ '•. the.'.!la.,as:.c,! :aotai., Tl\o~;,sor\, 'a~a':r etur;e1 't.; '3oStt>n. '~h·i~~. · - -< r -- • ' ' ; ~· •._ ,.· ,~ ~ • ~- ,; •., '", ,.:.~.; '- ' ; • ' • - ; .,;: led(to«,co:nolica'tion~, an';:r a \'.a~"suit. · .Tho:noson -iis·a~o;ie1nh:at: - • ' : • • " • - - ~. • - ' - ' ¥ - .. ,, - ) • "' - " ' - •• 0,,. th~ othe~. hai'. a.~v ,fi'n~l'lc.ial, s-~~'ke .i~. ~,~e, "':"-ner~hip ~f-~~~.{ 'c,· '" island. - l\~_ter years o'( liti"ation, J?ne~ e:ner~e'3·vicSt.,rfo~~; ~ut_~~o:noson,~a~ ~ince di~rl· (Pern~~~ 1954:103-114~~ 'd ~- -. Tho:iu?son' s sons .so,t ·f~thei r ~;\~ f in~er'e~.t i., the i.slan'3 in I • • - • 161)9 ,to t·.~o of the ~ore- l:>r.,t!'l-ers---1\te~ p;, 'an-i .H~nry H.'' - ) ' ' ' • , , • • • " • • ' < ~ • • 0 Albert. Thom9son ~rot~" tcr -John -~. _l)a'la•, t~.:\ t he J'a~ · luc' The. ).!l)res were viqorou,s entre~(,eneurs, i!!vi they mao·e ' exte:isive. i:n9:ro~e:n.;'lt 0 s' on the i.sfan'1. They incr ea5e1·.. t'le stoc'<': .,f she~? an·1 _intro,iuced ra-:e horses ·for a l•Jcr.a.tive San Fral'lcisi::o :narl between the aay ar~3,, More~~ Landil'lq at. G6teia, an1 the islan~, es.?e::ially afte: ;t:t>nstr•Jction of ?ie:s a't bot:~ of t!ii? latte: l"cations in 1973. At t'lat sa:ne ti.me, it •.las rer;>t>rte1 t'lat •r.,ads for wa·go:is ana carria"es .'l?W tr3verse' the :n?st i:n;:>o:tant ::Evi.sions of ti-le islan·;l~ L".:ion. l8H:H0). By 1374 there were SO,QQQ ~hee~ on the istan1, and wool sales amounted to over 5100,0Q) (~'s"n \gg3:257). no:ninance o~ the s~eep raisi:iq activity on t!l~ islan-i.~ad two 102 . ' ,, ,-,~ -_;. ,·~_\'"'-': l ,.. i:;-.-, "".',:.· -' •~''.').'!I.I ;,_, -....• -~ f~~~~~~1~~~~7'~~~~~7''~" :~·:; ::-:";; , ·:.,' · i!ri~.?~:~.~' :~o-~; ~u;n~e·~: ·i.t· esta.;1.~shed th_e :1~-- ~, ~.s'.,,sali_ta';· ·-- · 1' .; • •-·· .· • .s~~l)ara ~- rnos.t. ~wer.ful rnerchan~·-£ a11i \v-: a~·:l it 111~~~-~ ;t~at \· , - i~>.,'; ()· (,' . ..> ,.. • ' ,. ,: .., .. 4 f.~·,;~ ~:, ~0111b.i'nat:i..,,n~of ;~aiich 0Ji1ainqs r,>ert~ini.~q to \h~ :IJu.si!n~~!i'o.t ...:- f Jl • ~ ' L _,._ ~ !:)- ,. '-·~:",._..,. ~ ' ,_,....I f- i !'!~ .::>··· · s"ieating a:na raisiriri1:sh·eeD had· to IJe coristr11c·te\i, inclu-ii'l'J ... '!>~-~ ~~- ,. ·~t:e'1s ," a·~;,\~~~-~"iou~·~.·", 'J-~fo;t~n~t ~l Y.i t~e.:~6o; . . . ,- market. beqa~·fl') l'.3ec\i'le st~a-lily atter 1876. ~~\fert).:ie~·ess, it,. was the .Ce'lt,ral ·~~no;ic ar:tivity of the isla:l,'1 ·as loijg t" ~ , ' I '"f C • '-, }· it '(se~_S 1853). · t ndian_,, Mexi:::a:l1 ·and ·tater, C!'lines.e ·:nen •..rer~ b.\ouqht_ over~ the isl~n ' ' centur:y: to' sh~a:: ·s ':ieeil. ~a tan ~as .an-3 coiorf u1. cel·'e•:fr:?.t i. ons , -L >- ·, ~~;:i ;-, ·~~'· ,.~ .. :'-, I• , ~:.,-1 ~ ,·,~,' ··,,';:,_._--' ,·,;.··~' .. ,·"' "·._ ~ ' '\ 'Jo'_·;~i~ their si.iccess"wece held .. (liol:ie'c lqlQ:2135; ,Santa Bar•' ,, " ; ·bar a Morn'iriq.. \~-~~e~~ :'.;ari•J~arv ·;6r'~:i 'J9;, .~ust~ n.'i ~53 ;·u{;:· -~~t a - < I letter. by c·.- ( • Sherma.n· in t.he-,santa ~ar'bara···*e~' rlent of June 15, 1·8.'35, .on .the rund"'"'" ~oncition of .A. ·?. More's ran ch ;n <;ant a Rl)sa l stand testifies to the -:!eel i ni-nq ?rofitabitity.. · '\eiln'..rhile, other eco!'lo:nic·activiti.es, like thP. ~at'1erinq t)f a~lo!'\'!S ary1 their shP.lls, hai bro•J']ht the t:hinese to tii·e·shores o{ Santa Rosa lslan·:t,rliJri.nq th~ last ou~rter· of t~~ ~{n~~eenth ~entuc~ . . ' '.~hi le cattl~ had been intr6'3uced to <;anta Rosa tsianrl as ea:ly.as _1842 by Ca;>tain ~. 'S. 'l'ho:n?son, and h-'!_:3 also · bee:'I {nr.:l':1tie1 a:nonq the ~or.es' i:wentory, it, was not·unti.t' the islin~ was sold in 1901-1902 to ~alter L. Vail and~~hn c. Vicl tle r~?lar:ed shee9 as th~ ;>rincioal r.o:timercial ente:or\se. ·' .~-;~~- ~~;·:~;;,\ ,~--i~:~~~'.,~~~::~·. ~ 4i~~~~;~~~t?~f~~tl~~~~~~;:J~~1~~'" ~~::>/.:__, 'J~: <",<; .L -U• -" (', '; ' '\ ~... ,., ,· •,_ ',J>~-~):' :~;" - o: '·. A field r ei;iort _in "'1930'. ,s~;~~d--th~t thP. Vail .an~··vic' i~tan".!, near th~ ;nain; ra'nch ccim?tex;' has at varidus: tim~ - been •m:3P.r o;;·er cutti~atio.n. ,, . . th~, . ~eilr-s- - ,,n~.rstructtir·es~-..,,e~e":), .. - - built an-:3 .. ~.hP. )Tail. a~:1 •iickers Com'?~ny °bonti~uP.s to use t~i! island '?C.i;na_rily- for· ·livesto~k qraZing. · ·.. '· -'I· ~-- -~ .. ·.""'-~t- ~!--~-~ - ·-.~-'_,? 1-li -~· ~~ resources· associateii with Santa Rosa !slanii. s'everal ge'n~ - . ! ' ,• ' •- • ' -~ -- ' < ' er.al researc11 q~,estions were asked 'in .o_r'~er ti') h'e,l? identi.fy ·t~P.se cultural ·res::>1Jrc~s: i.) "l~at im?Ortant historical trends an~ eve~ts occurred on. thP. isl'!n-:'I? ·3) ••hat s:;>ecific structures o:: facilities were ::l')?istructe~ pn the i's~an~ an-:l ai:e no lonqer stan-:3iriq? <:) W"'lat kno'..i:i sh.i;>-..irec! of th~ islan ]" !"'·-· i 0.1 <11; J '~ : . ~- ! , ..... _:.-';,· -.. ·~.' ... .._. ;o;i-.~·.' '('";-:-.:. -~. .t-~: .. - ~ '..."-'. '<.c.', _ c~~li:~;!i~~":~.,,;ii!f'J[~~;"",.'?:'~~~{Ji·W~"'~.,-U1'~······-:frf..~~.,y_;·· .o•'~"'~~,,,...,,,,...., ··K~•«w>·.•: ··· ..._ :f: f~fi~~.~~'..'-;~:[tr~~~'tJ~~\.y~;~r.7"~~-tr~:~:. 'i~\:-.-:-: · ~~:.~~)~·:,~~~£8~11 ·Y::Y-t ~-"~r:-~~'f:L- ~-~~~?~l~ ·~~~~~,~-~~'7-: ~~~~~-;\-.:~,~:~.~.~~-1!C>~. .t~>::~{~):,~.~f ·~_),'·'.,~:~~: ·: _··:_:::'s(~t!:J;!'-' ·'·~·~y c;~'!"! .. ,;: ·;;:~~:~:r~~F~\~·-,-~:; ; , -;'f:i J:,,. , '~'. ~-' ' ,.., "' r· .,,_, -<- ' -, ' ~i. ~ ~'. '· Answer!i°\o.. thes·;··cr1~stions entai t;ld t~e de~~l'omien~· ;of~ ~~ - ·>~~!--!·,·-"" ~- ,.,, ·~ .. ~-~·-. -- -,"' -~~·- ..~- -. - ' c -. ' . ',' '-~·-,·~-<--'~~.; ~ . ',-~'- a theiatic·c~~ssifi~ation \nto ~hic~:each ~truct6i• or ~\t~ ~- " -"'' ' J <\'- ·' - • !. l ~-'. \I ~ ·. ,- - .~ , . J 1 q(ou9 co•.1ld be. cat'egoci·£f!'d •. ·Many of 'the ~ltnown t!i'sti>r\cal ~- :-.'· fall t.ha, ·r~~~r.c~~ u~'3~r-:!lio;e, ·~·ne ~a~eq~rv.0 t.h~ ,,£(a~~~fi:.' q \ ". '!' )''< L ,· '\\ <'- ;.._ " • ]' t. Econo:nic ' 2. i.rci:i i,t eetur a't ., ) .. i::t'tino.,,~ultur ai:. 4.. 'lit i ta.r y s. trldustriaJ. ao'.j Teehnical •'" ·· · Research :)ote~~1·~~~ \~ Olle -0€ ·the o~ i'm'.lcv ?e0er~l C:ri"- ~ ,..~·~j: ,,.' - - ·l.~ ~ .:.~*~..: \, j· . ~· ~ '· --· "1:,-."~·1-:_ ...,,_,,,: ".~ te::i)i ,oi: .51'1riiJfcanc:e~ (-35. ~PR~'i_'O';.~h ... t!i>'leafi.n~'(w'it~ 't.fre · ·- ;.:,,- , " ; .: _,";: -,~ - I' - ·.. . • ·: ~ t- ' ... ' ~· histfc'.ic· s.ites and str.uc·~\1res on :Sant'.:!'. :) .. Rosa tstan1; a ?r.ob_l·en was. face1_in.t!:ta°i: aca1e:n(~ia~s·ni)i,--:. J ) rni!lty hav.e . .,ot ,been in.ter.~tec'I i~· questions. of a, s.•Jbregional nature. 'White5eneral histories of California a~un1, ~roa-3 resea::.ch questions OJ'.l the historical develol?llent 6£ ·more localized u.,its such as th~ Ch~ij~el tsla.,~s have not: vet With" the exce9ticin of; certai'n •Jrban '°li-;'to'r.ies a!-i-1 ·CO"!I-: 'ilu.,ity sturHes, local history is frequen':.ly written ~':'·.jour- natists or tong-time· cesi~ents of an area; cathec tlla:i 'Jv ,t::ained ·rese;icch scholars. :nost o!t~:'1 ta' t\ve, -:>r they utilize a tr:>;>ical fra'Tle-..,oc'< inst~ati of 9rovi:J- in:-i a retros?ective al'\nl':f55.s o!: co:no<1rative "3i!t3 nr atte'tl~t- ,· ·" ' ·.. '),,"~->0·~.. :r . ,, '·'·· 1057 , \.~-.:,\~ .... ' ..: .. '~._;~··';;.-~ .... ~~ ·.'. ~ .·c ~·;~ ;.'J~::· ~;:~. ;_ '1' - .••. .;.- 4 ' - ' - . ,/ - 0 "fnlJ .to,<-:!evefoi;> a syst~ati'c a::>9ro_ach to aiuiyziri_g ti\~ • 0' I • ~ A ! P.r~r;:;s.~es' i'nvolved in ii,e ~·.lhural de?-;,.-~to,iuent· l)f a·~ma1\·~r:. r.~ion! .,· Thfs pa.tterii·.ofte~ ~olrls, e•1en··~~en local history is ·v. wr.itten ~y those with ']!~'3~at_e trai.!'~nq in his~ory, :!!l. ~vi aenr.ed in such works ~s ~~elai~e L: no~an's The ~anch T~it_ . . "". : , .. - --.·-.-.-. --.-· . , was Rot>bins': , Santa Cat~liria Islano <(19~3),. or .t.he :n~re rec~ntty,?:>ul>lish'?-i bOo!<,.Anacaoa. tslani!. (l'll33) bv Ll)is··,:~. ~o!>er-t.s. T'1i's is 'oerha.;,~ 'le~"in~inq to ch;\n1e, .'ltbeit ·· ' . ~loWly,~ as ·.,,J~t,ic histodan~ ~r/;oinin..l a~cha'~t~ist:s~·~n'a '. ,. ' . . . '' . . ; ' ( . . . . ' . .. ·' .. geo']r_aohers. in·~r.6o~in ' ,· • " • > '. L' • ~ ~.· ' >• ..i ~ 'o ?J: ''"' : •"):·, ", ·9_.eca_l.lse the c;iltural r,esour_c.e .ya tu; _?'= a·.s.1.t'e or, struc,...c'. ;• ture ca:l·Ol'\ly·be a:3~1a,t~1.y,'~~s;s~ed w~:::\\it,has~eei\ c9:n,.., -;>are~Lto others i~. the 'reqiol'I of which '.it, is, a, oatt,·the " dearth· of past t'.lata about the,Channel tsl'ln·1s in ')ene.ral,, a:l~ Santa R~sa Island, s9ecifically, ~ak~s thetas~ _?f assiqning significance difficult. Th'? 1i.scussi.on secti.on w~ich foll0«1s, the::efore,' 'is, not !!leant to exhaust th~ fu.ll r'!nqe of ?<)ssible research yatues 51) :n 11ch .'\s to:·orovid.~ ' e: ?roblems. j ~ •_I,. , ·~I • ,. __ ·';; •A) ..,,, _J\."'°';':'' , ~ ~· :-' ,~/ r.s: ..- ! ·~" .. ,,."{-,...._ ...,,~ :: ': . ._~ ...... _:::<'~·-:: ·,,_ ....;.=-- .• - rff!f ?~r,~:.y:_,f~~~~lffr~~ffgZ~~~f';~~,t,:,?!.:0~(t~~~t~t?~~?,~Ji!~~:lf~~!~fiI~P~:·: -:!.- • •',, '.~J";'' -'l.:...,..,,;.~~ --;..r_~~. -- ~... • "' '·','~ ·, ' '·t: ' ', f - - rt'· -.; . ;:.·, ..., 1 f' I itaiv:hi.ng acti;:,i~ieS in c;liforni:s nave"r~e!v~~;·a· !air':: "' , ,... . ' .<· ,.,._ ' a;~u.nt' of,;tC ea~me'~t I ~~t !'0;·0~1"1e, has \'ta! I'-,. livelihoo~-,.shee;> or cattle ·ra'lching--see'lled' favo~a')fe?:. !hs . .,. - . ' . .i ·a _case 'lf ,merely trans;>0rting l!'ainlan? ec6~"mic ·activ'ities · ;o tne islan".i? Wh?.t is the r.elationshfo of' ec~nll'ilic . . ' ' ' ,. .inte'rai:tions on Santa Rosa I·slan·:1 io Santa .9arbara, or. 'to ' I ~ -: • • ' . . , . ,' .. - , c;;;. •, ', - : •;, ' ';_" - ·. · '' "" 5an ~<'ran·~.~ ~~-:·i '_wha :. ?r.. e :t~e~ _e~ ~ e<;:ts of t~h_': ;~sh>1.~ s -~ran-,,:.· ·.~ ,s~rtation· ob'itacles on the ·orocure:nerit, ,distri')ut'i'on, .· I • • ·;1u \._ J"~"'"' ..(':_·· ",,_'~ miiinte:-iancE!.i .a:l-i r e?lace:nent .o{ gi;)bds' and 'm;ite~ials, an".l';hbw What accounts ,for the"' '. - i' - • . ,- .fact that Catalina Islan-i aev_eloi;>ed a small to"1n c~nter~ w~ile S~nta ~~sa Island h;is no more tha'"I ;i ranch center?·, Other resear.ch miqht in•1est:iqate .the island'·s his.t'lr.i:: ~idrien econo:ny: tracin~ the ev?lution of s~uqqlinq act~vi- t\e5. ~ro:n the days of ;>rivat:eers 1uring the <;9a.,ish Period' to rum-runne~s in the !lays of Prohibition (oe:hai;>s t:o to-lay's drug ~raffic), the Cha:lnel Islands have been a con-· ·,,enient iocatton to enga']e in ooerations the qo•1ernment -lis- · favored. Answe~inq s~th quei~ions will help us .,ettet · ;: un·i~rstand the ':le 11elo9:nent of California"'s eatly econo:nv;_ ~it is li~ely that Santa R.,sa tsl;;in-:',s histori-: archae-:>lt)!Jy -;a:i 'leli;> a:'!dress such research interests. o·: 21 .11.rcliitectural ,- ~ - ' ! " ,'if''{ The c;.tu~'( .of the:·>.i:n~~-i~a.n;· f aiftuy: '.J~i t ,·i?/b~c~~~ n1 _a_'l ,, ,,'·": ~ •'' -, \~~-rea~.in~ly~ im90~tan~ ~~cu~ \~n lo~~-1 ;_histo~y., ;t~ .. ·i)~ H'<~l.V.·; ,tha~ th~ ,stru~tur'es an-i sites ·of th~:_~6re· fami.~y,on i;'~nta ' . . 'Ro~a t s}"and' ~a!'I inform •JS in i111:>0r.tant',ways· ~s to how the' .P fa:n,ily ch'!nqeii ov~r tinie, 'es~ ,ac;censibn and eventual .decline in' o·ros?erity. Sue~ que~-- . '. - . ' - . . .. ,,. . - . . '·_ ; . ~· . - ' •. tioris as how 1i1 "!lembers ·of tile family '.fnterac~ w~'th .?acli. ·other, and: how 1_id th_e nee-is ··of the fami ty··cha:v;e over time, ..·ca:\ ':>e ?artialty e~lor~''by analyzi.nq s·;Jch".'thV•Ci's~a's ·th~ • • - , ~ \ -::·;: • ' '. - ",- ' ' • • - • • '.- > ... ' .• soa Hal'' :ar:r ang eileni::;.of tlie. rOC>.'!IS. i'ri. the· ",.IJooer·" Ran.::h .'!ious'e ~ ~ •, ....,_~ > I ~ • -!1, ·~ f - ' ' • i ·- • • ·' • ·:. - • •- . ·j:'- -• ; . <;J ··: _, ... '. -~~·::i. ~oti fo .'th'e•':i~-~ili t·e:::tur ~t "'o~~ fi·c~t:'i·6,{s' :n~1~·:.'fo ihe_: h,;us e -,.,.- -. ' "' - -~ -:- . .. . ~ : ,,, ., __ - - . ' ·"- ;· ;: , 0•1ei: the ve.~rs; '}nte~~ti",~·~c::?~o-~r·i~o~.s 0 mi~~t :~e .~ad~ :in 'se,P.inq ho•,,·'the.~~e-is ·of lat.er occu9~nt~ of tlie' strn~ture· .· were di ffer e!lt ·:tr<>.~ those. of the or iq i na t O'"ne:: hv conduc_t..: inq a_rchaeoloqical rese'!rch at the site •. "Old ~anc'i," wliich ·was ':>uitt for Ca?tain l\lpheOJs T!'l_o:n?son, was tater inhabite-i . . by the ~ores anr. ?OSSibly the Vails af.tei:: them • 'l.'_!1~ !'l0,•..1ses on the'ranchos, as well as tho:;e in the ?ueblos, were generally m'!ae oe a1obe. Lu~ber ~as not widely ~~ed as '! ':>uildinq 'llatetial in·Sout!'lern ~alifornia in the mid-nineteenth century, ':>ut the. r.ecora int'!icate5 that the eartie:;t houses on Santa Roc;a ·!sl Was the builder ~erely influenced bv :onstcu~tlon ~etliods fro"ll another locale, oe was he attemotinq to anticii;>ate ?ro'lte11s unique to the istari·'.3 settinq? It wout-1 also be -, J..., - ;;.~;~~1;;::~~>-~'.': ·' . - ,;~~~~~F~~~~~l;~~11:~~~$1~P*';·. ,_-... ,, -<".;."' ' . ~ : };<' b._'i,nterestinq, to l<'lO'N more by 3 '~ a.~.u~t: t~e 1~ci:s 1~on T~o:n_PS!:>':\ ~0- "' · .. _. · '.a'»_n.:ion h:is· f irstcho•~~-~ on Santa RQs,i'.1 shn·-3 f"Ra'lcho· : . · Vi ei o") :fon Mve · ~o ~n~ther. ?<)int on th~ 'r;iand. n ~iir~0 ~e~~~.:..~ .· --",· .t ,, There ~r·e a number of structures> on. 5anta Rl)S.~ I'st-a11;'3 () ttiat 1ate bacl< w.ell over .a c~nt:ury •. Are architectural 1etai ts m1 the 0 olti~si:. s':ructu.re5 relate:'.!. iriore to. t~e. bui t-:Jinq'.s func::tipns; the extrl?'lle environmental CQn·~i'tions .. ' - - - ;,i ' • ,J 9rese:it there,· or a sr._arcity o,C!>uittiincj mai,erials'? c. . '°', ', ,.' more attentior:i ~o~the_ • ina~:ti.~!Jlai:e,," y;;\~ is, ~o; ttipse'oe~~' ?le or· qi:ou:;>s •.1ho have' been hr_qely iqnor e1 in the hisfori- ,ca! .records. W'lile the ."S<.!'W Sodal;History" fr torical stu-:li.es,, certainly ~ruitfut :'lata 'lllJSt also be gar ni s'len f ro:n :nat eri a ts 9r es erve1 in .Jr cha ecto Santa RQSa t stand can <"novi•fe such la">r>rat()ri es. For exam'~ ?le, little is currently \'.'l()'Nn a~ut the ~iiir\ese and t'le.. i.n the late nineteenth century. '.~ho were these :;>eQ?le'? HQW li~e? Unner w~at circu:nstances :'lid they co~e to the islan~ ,, , ' '• .' ..r ~·~:-.'·...... ~off'-"'.:., .~;J;,_<;,1'~?h"-;:~:~ffi'~~'0:i'$,yf_;~~~~~~Y;::J$~.:.(>":Ii\r;if~~"'~~&'.;,:~<;f.~'~r'tl'i~""'£'~'·•if''.«~W·"''',· ~ :t~~~·r.';f~~;~~,:;-~,J'~!~~~;,1!~;{_~)~~1~!4t:~~'-~J.~k...;!' ~~-~!";'; , JP:~~:.:,,'-:-~~ .f~~~~--:;~{:~~>-~,~~~~~~~·:.i~" ...;-!~ ~ ~1~',,}{jl1f}.,}~'?.'.~',:~;~ :i~:~~}}:~~;::~'~t~,~:~~{:~~~;{~':'~~~~~·;:j:C-~ ~~:t.,~~~,-'''.. ;)~~:d~~::;~:~:~:~.~;;:t(:} ~,t :.~: ; - \':'o :.- ' .,.' r' ' ' - ' ' ' ' t (L :~\,(., - D ::.~'{ ·,,..-"'~ , ~o . ~) ~--",; __ ~ '-,!'.>· :::.-.-:-~.-i.:r_-:- · 9_a!;s,en· .on .the Cali·f~-~ni~ m.¥in'i"a.n'i:lr?·· wi,~r:e'· did t.J:iey·,cp:'ne : . , . , ..,_ -,, -" ,., ,,- "· '" I' -, , -; -(,_ - : - ' ':' ,- . ;~ ( ' Cfr00i'·'('e.q:, San'Era"cisco', -!(re-::tl'y :rO:n"cnin'il? ·It ~i~·." ',· ·,,,·· -~ ..... -. - - '-'.··- --~ - ":•,';, ,,..,.>.; ,, ·~ • "_,· ·:_ ~_, ,- '.""·' ~ "·-~~!~:.~>....:- 0 .ii' ,:J,' "' _.\·, .. ). •~ ~. J. ~ (~.~ '·_, -,,,' ::· ~ • ....,, : :·--~~- ~ -- 9'' .,·, > only the ~ri,~lo--=,=:urope'an t::Ult~re, but also th'! ~exiCi\:lS af'.ld ,- • .,,.. , .:'.'''1- )'o .Ja?anese. w.ho. also .. camE:. to ·Santa R~sa t stand .t.o ~orlt O!\ tn.~,, ,·,,, ranch "' to .fish.' Th.I!' se<:iuai'd.n(ltur.e of ti-ii! l.siands,.,misy ~ais'o have .c·on-: t~oll ed co:nc;>~.r i sons of ; el ev3nt ;~:.~a· con~er ~~nq. th'~··c~in ..?s e .:~ ;~:l~a io~I! ·c~mo'.~ , e~'.i:\~~.i, .. ~1!'3 oil'. :n8s t·; . i. f ··not·' .~J. ,;~: ti-ii! -ciii~!i~~r~·· 0 -., ·., 1 sl·ari?§ '. , The_. Chin~~- e are .~am~ng .. ~ ~~~·~ ~l gr o,u~~ ~;~'hi~~-··?,~-~~:·~, • ;, ___ 'f_ ,- ~~~.:: ~-~{-----~-~-~.·~~- : •• -.'--...... ~ :.'-,;'~ _:--~-- ~.,._ - -• ~-> :_}> _:1 ... '" .- ~ :_ ·~r. -"' ·~· a si'g'ni-ficant·;frol·e~-i'n'.•th'e ;devet·oo-neii't.·"·and~.s.ettl inlJ' of .rth~ )· ';:)--2-• .0 •• '->"'•F'•~...... :i~ .. r·';'~.·,,·,,. ', 4-.:';'.: •"'t :..'. -.~·~r',!_!,J."./'~>.''+_,/: ~ •.. ;._: ,1• -~F,, ,: "'1 --·.:;•> '-J- J.-~ .',Wes~y a'~.j suchr!l'is'for ic ,·arc1i'.'!eologich'. ;(rwesti.qiStioris c'~ri, \Y :· ~>'' --::-, ~:'. ., . ~r'~, . ;,- -·~'" ~ , ..,,. - - , . . ~J;·,,~.... ;",~ .f i H siqni fica-;,t: ~a~s· i:n' t.he r ecor.ns ;, , ·,~ '~ - ,\. ~ ~l Military 'The inilitary.uses of the q1a:lnel ishnds 'liive not be-.?n' syst~atically exartiinl!"I~· There. is stronq ev.ine;,c.? that ' ':;a~ta Rosa ! sllln-i ~n.j th~ o~her Chalinel' t shno:ls wer'e use~ .;in war·.game exercises d•~ri.n.q t\~. middle .lCJ30s. ··The :-la~,y.'s., 2 0 ~ ·" . ' ' (,'/ ?at:ific Fleet ·simutate-l •,o1ar.with an isla:'\d. ~rie:nv •. not unli'<3 Ja?an (!)ersoMl. co;!;munic'ai:i.on, !'>~. Jolin Talbott, .Jan•Ja!'cy' 2.'3;, the :iiilitary? !s there any cor~elati6n bet~ee:-a th"?~e '~ . - I a:::ti.vities an·1 later strui::-tures and facilities that were ~laced ~n th'! island? :.uture 1-iistodans i.ntereste~ in ~iti- - ».(_ ,'~ :.:.:-:.b:~-.:~ .- ''.'.l~ ... \:-~!:/,_tf ~.~~;,~;:~.,:~~-:.2~~,,:::;·,~,:.~~,Y~3.?\~~(~~1~ . ~f-?~~?~~r~'?s~~~J:~'~?~~~~'tW:f.';j'f[~''r·<: , __ - : ·t ,, c ' ~'· ,, ,r,, 'o·' .,:..' 5) tn"l•Js,~iial an-3 Teeh~.,loqical, '1 .a ':(t :l ' . .Thi_s ''as?ec;:t has ~ot. been devefo?ed. !ft)wever-> :;o:ne · \, ' ' ' ' .; .. ~·tructur e5. <>v Sar\~a Rt)5a 1.~ta":· -~ . ' ·,- • -._,' 1, I ' , . ·• ~ ~ • ,· • .' . ",-/' ;_' '.-exam:>le5 :night· be 'th•? sh~eo i'nil1is try.:.nc>r i n's tanc4 the~ bi'i.'clc . ,.. .;'.,, . : . . : . r • • • . . ',_( ' ., . •. ~. . ' -· .; ,. '~ , sh~e? iii._p·'built i!l.,~n'e<,.tate 'ninefe1?nth_c~ntury1·, aryd the,,. . -~ ' ... -~'~·-- :. ·.. ~',·:' .· ,',;,·t-;;-,',.·: ", ',· ' ..,·1" '/;' ~~ ·,;:.·-·... --~:,,~-,.·.,'-;~·-·;,:, ·:· '-"< \'"\..," ~-\:,I ~di?veloo:n e~t 4'f .the·, earl'v .c>il ·:i n1iJs trv.~ (oil ;welts ,•..,ere, olaced ; ~ . U_ - . --~- - ': >" 1.' -~<-:J_~;· •·---~--· ---~;.-' ..._· --:... ~~,.'. ~-- ~-- .- ·- ...:-· :,.._/·- -· . >i"-~:··. ' ·on :tlie i.slan-3 in •the l920s anti 193.0s.):':. - '!et,· 'lone of die siq- ., - .; ·'b' · ' :'~ .. f._· . .r· tii',f1ca:"tt ·'r'es::n:lrce~ 1escribea in- thl.s ~h~?~P.~ ~cefate~· ,._,.,,.· '~ ' \ ' ' .· cir~fty to this classi.fic:ttion. Strnctures and Sites-~ their Significance -1'he identi.ficati·on 'lf structures an!J sit~s oE_,.histodc -'-; significance on ~a'lta ~.,~a tstan~ ha~ ·~een ma~e diffi.culi ,_-_. !it)\fever, •:)ec'sonnl '1 inte::views with iiltiivi.dual.s ~a:nil'iar with the tanq_i!:>te r e11?.ins of the isl anti, :!.S -well as ~r'i. tten source·s 1 'h'\S ~ro- ,' ~,,,, v~-;l~d infor:nation UOO!'l ·.:J'1ich this i?reli.mi.nary ·3SSe5sme~t c)f .tlie historic resoui:ce5 hns ~een made.' . ;,, J.. .,. ' ,::' . ~,t l. ,:;: "-~"\~.-;;;~-~,·, ,. 'j... :::~a:·\~ -~ ..... ;..:..- {~~~~r~~~~'!'.~~!?'.''4f 1'\~?;"'"f1~,f?{~:jJlf?:rt"'::· , ; ~ - 'i1 ,:- Rancho, 'Ii ej o '.,,._- -:'a?tai.n 11.li;>heus Tho:n9s9n: ,;e>n's"tiuc;t~. the ·first, ho~~~:·cin, Q ·S~n~a Rr>sa !sl~n?. A shi'?. l?ro1;1g~·it tum,6e:: Jn ~s we'i1 a~,? . caroeriter, a'ld "in_ the' i~t t o,f .. l11_44, a •qood !?l~n~< "ht;!Jse•:;; wa~... tiuiJt on a mesa. Accor.ninq to cou.rt ".locumen_ts, the t'li.men'."" sions wer_e: .24 feet lonq, 15 feet wine, and' 9 feet.. ti,ig!-J.•' c The structure h:!:3 one door, one qlass win.do·.,, one r.:orridor,, and a shingle ::oof. Two _corrals-'"ere !:milt i'n ~he· earl_y years, ~n-:3 there may. !li\ve _also. bee_n a short P_ier n~arby'. Rancho :1iejo·, w3s stan·iinq as of 1855, but its !tistory(?.~ter · thi~ ~ate i~: 1Jncertain. Thom~son- had Sul. lt· another ·ho•Jse \v •, ' . - , : . ~' . ' - . :'.his ·ti1'!e·. ·Ra~cho 'ziej :>';rna_y· ~ave stilt beer( st~n::iiryg in :t_ll'~·. '1 '. • - • , .I ·, . , ' _· ; .: ~' !" • _ c • ,-.. ~ early "1890s when I';. o: Vov made his·"s! Both "!rs.· ~ar~aret 1-looll'ey an".l "Ir. !::iwar1, Smitt-1 re-ne'Tlber a shac'< l_ocaten SO'll'?,..here in the vicinity of an _old roa1 at th€ end of th~ island referre".l to on ora ~a?~ as ·~=incho •iie;o_..· !~ether this shac<, whicll ~;>.,are:ltlv was . , Viejo," ::a:lnot yet ~e co!lclusively 1eterrr.ine1. ·'Oixie ~ho:no,-, son 'Tlentfone:'l th~ "ol:1e ho1Jse"· on ttie mesa in a letter ~o .!'.. 13. Tho:npson, ~1:>vember 2'5, 185.J (Brown 19~7:63). '!'l-ie l372'-7l ti. s. Coast and ".ieo'3eti.c Survey ;1a;) already calls tllis a~ea ".R=in-:ho '/iei:>," 9erhaps to dfsti.nquis~,it fro:n ThQ:n?son' 0s second house. l~~~~r:~~~P~~~~:~iY:'P~z~0~!\~~~~~f~~?fff:)~?~~:~~~*~i}~,~~·~ :~ ', -, ~·r ,._ ;: ,- i:r' ,.- "',,_ ', • , -~ .J _':., .r, . in ~he Jhii:;eum of. Naturill·!i1story1 s ':hannei' - . - C' •' ' - ' '-, - '_' r_ -. _,· - ~· ~ .. t.sla:v:is, ·r.r7hives is' correet,, s_i(\C~ i.t U; not'. ' .,_- O· furtti·~rm-:ire, th~ recentlv-dra-.-1.n s' two ·structu'res wer:e .an .. bld l)u!'I'< l-io 0Jse nf\i a g<1r-:len slled. These wer,e. locate_d .a':. 3eE;chers 3av, not ·the ge0qra?liical_ . ar~'l· of the isl.an·'.3 ~now:-i ~·~ "Ranch~- •Jie;o •. ·• There is, <1lso a notation on the s' ~ores wo?re.never-known ·to occ•Jt?Y• Ran~_hr.> 'liei'o ..l\lso the ' . . . '.dirn~~sio~s-of t~e·struct~re rle~tft.:ed :·n t'le~~lans dra··m'by .:, _l .... ·< l ~:-~~-~f~ • : : . ,. - ' e • • • - ' , · '\; - ( ' - ' • · th·e Mor:la:1s diH'er .-.gieatl_y frO!ii .. the~ ;neasur e'ne_nts indi'c'ate,d , ' -;:. ' ~ "' - Jin ~N~ C~our,t• recor1!? of t'he 9er iod~. 't -believe the 'evidence.· ··su990rts the the~is that the s' ho:n e !>u il t 'oy '!'ho:npson, :E scuss. e1 bel~~, which a-::n?ar ent: 1 y h'ls 'oeen ~~lled "Old R<1nc~· hy the Vail family (Hollan~ 1963:55: A. ~. ~~om?son tr.> T. Wolcott, Ju'le 12, 1857: Dixie '!'he site o: Ranr.ho 'lieio is of. historical siq:iif.icance as the oldest -nown·structure on the isi<1n~. 'tnformatio'l on the nature an·-: location ni: ?.an~ho '/ieio ~ould !-\el? elur.i".ii!te t!"te cultu'ral context in w'lich '!'hom9son 1 s !ious.e w3s built anri the chan1es in lan1 use in ~hich own~cs of th~ islanri ~er~ inv~lve·i. ,,ip ,,_~,'::.~vk'.>~~'·l'-"l'' ~ r L ~ ~· ) ' qr .. '> ~ • ~ '• ~:'~ ~ ' ~ -~, > ~ • " , JB~S al\d 18SJ. - 't'ho:'ni;>so~ '":ote to hi.~ at~orney •-: '. : t hav_~-, \'' • builc~ a')Other ~tju~e ·af\d a !l'J;!'hei: ot· .C'>ra,ls i_'l- n:ious ..;,arts' of. ,~he',tslan;i,:;place?. a lar-:Je !l'Jtriber of ,9rood !-tar·~-~-tli~7'.eon t01etl-ter- ·with a .F'ihe ~'llerica;i sta.lli'>n! a 'lot ?f Soqs,,_~a'>- ' 'bits~ ~;v3 ;:;tc." 3ut '!'.hi>:R?son .nid-not in'ii·c.=it".!·the loc_ation·. of this h'>~s.e. ·.~ccorni~g to the histori'an .,.,ho has -io?ie th~ :nrist thor O~'i~. hi,~tl)r i c'al r .es ea_r ch .re\. !it~ ·to the. i S~;~n,':l·, F'r'a~t:'is .. ' • 1 • .,. ' ~ -·· Holtan'-! Jr~: Tho:noso~ hil-~ 't.he largo? ranc!i' Souse:buH~ .. ~ear ~ ,, ~.~!,_.:·: --. ·~ - ... "'; _·"-~ ...... J_, ,'"",. ~-' - '-' L, ' t'" , · .. ,..._, ' ... ·- -J';' . · . .-·-. ,. _ (-· . , ;. , r - 1 - ~ :... , '· ·_, •·". - - ·-- _ '. .. ~.1 / .C.'(?(:~~'.'qro•1:e.\.at<~~nr.:h S,?u,se:,,can.y~~;~ '~;t-i i.t- e~i-~te:Las late as. 19J.9.·· A':ldition~lly, Arth•Jr ••o.o;i..,,ard,. :i·n ~rc~'a'eo1°'1il~:.: ·, ~- ~ n wht>. ·~isited c;anta R:>s~ isl,~na i:::i·-.1939 .. and 1941, ':lr-~ a~-- sl 'aeechers 3ay (cited els s't!:uctu:'es he ?lott~n was l"'"·elen "911-~':lncl-t." The d:::awinq '1one bv the ~orqans s·ho ...rs t'"ie oi!ll·ensi.ons to ?:>e 15 Eeet by 12 feet with a ;oor o::>ening =i::>r,>ro; feet 1>y 7, feet. lt !iollan-3 is c'>rr~t.i'l.his 9i.aci'lq tile se:::>nd '!'ho:n:;ison .structure ?.t 3eet:hers 3ay, it is Ol')'SSible that the Mote• :nove~ into this sa~e house fn 1S~9 an1 li~ed in it while their Ot4!'\ larqer r:inch 'll')USe W3.S ':i~inq con- structe-i.: According :o ~~n~ld ~oria~, tllis struc~~:e :nay have b•JCn~-1 do'.in. ;'1'"l<:!thec it is still stan1inq ~c not, tile site < (,\ - ,. - - 1 .t"~ ; .. ;;~lr :_i'<-..1.~ ~r~:rw!2~~~~~~~y~r~~\~ff'~l1'.~'t-·~~rt~~",....• ;: ~-·:r ,,_ .,.-, ·.-1 _.t -',;· ;. .. - -. ,,_ '-. . -~\ ,, _:_, ... _· is, i>ot-entially ~iqnif ic~nt beca:.ise of - '1rcha_eo1ogicai-,j'f~~.;. ' : - • ' ' • 1 ": -l. ,- . -,, .~ ,_' ,- ' '..;. . . -~~ , .: - , s_its ,an1 '~istoric ar_tifa~t~-P' .~,,re 1 s •tl'?!Jer• R3nch !'louse - c;<;i11.".c;tan-:Hn_'l-, 'Bee¢~e.rs; 3ay Voy re_f_'ers to !'\hP. M->re 1 s'1he1.ling hous-/1.oi;a':e:i._on -a \ - olate.'\u a:l:l bl?inq stJrrounile"'I by pin'e trees. ·An.·oVerlan!i ' . . , Month.lv article ~?9e',3dng-,at about the,:saine d!l'e in ;1893, ::\~ritions •the h·a::i enoia: ·,,r- rari~h:;,,-ilse,·~f. th•hfor es,-~tan,ils ,., . .· ' :- - . ·? ,. ' "·' ·, ,- _,'.,, - '.Ft .... .:.. nl?a# t!li;cfro·~e of:,:C:J?_~ ~~:,~r~~s ._• \a:':i!'t.~~-~'. }s ~-~.~·~·~at~1_;\n'·:. ' ~ ' !fol:-1er 1 s acco!lnt as' .:,,;11. as 0'-NenYs-hisforv '(Hol1er r·. - . ·-. ~ ·- ~ -- .. . )t .• _,--_ •• _..... -~, " .J • - • : • r , -~ '- ,~ - . ~" I • 191!>:285; ·0 1 ;.ieii.1: 1939:.JS?l. Ac_cording t" ~ts. ~arqaret v. _!'1~lley, the hous·e is a ~'?-1 ::nglan"'I salt-_5ox tyoe, •:)ainted •-<1!1ite. 1t i·s believe:i to 1-iave_i>l?en originally ~uilt by the )>!t)res- in th t:l)ntains ·t•.,o 1'e'1roo11s, a living roo:n an-:3 a ltitch~n. 1t has be~n aliered often._ An extensi6n ~as first·~1~ed t~ the '-'estern·si:1e "~·_the ho•Jse, a?!:>arentl.y in thP. late ni!leteent~ c~nt:.i:y. .r..:l out'.lo"r kitchen w~s _:11.so a~1e1 !>e:ore- the tur!l-of-':hP.-century, so it is told. nurinq the late 194!>s ~edro,,:n' an-1 ?ath. .::.. r;;odern kitchen was e!"llarqed fro:n the ol"'I kitche!"I ~urinq the 1.97Ds. ThP. !>uil~inq ~as~ 'ence i?!'O•Jn·'i it. .,. llS, c·t:; ·~ • .J - ~·, , ;_ ,.-: ~· ' -. , ::~t::-..- ' .. 'r'\., .'-.;;. " ... ,... -r ,_J - :-:-, •• :.' ,,,., ~.i~ ,.-:.,..!- .._ ...... ,- ;;!~~~~~~rr~rr.:~3~E~?~~'.~~~~~~~~ft?~5E!11rR~~~~~~T~~~~?rf-!>~~~r-r~ I ' .. •, ~-~. ' :.. .· \ _,: ~ '!'his ht>~use re!:l'?<:ts tile ·cha·v1in~.'natur·e oi: r\m~rican·· to :nt>1e:'ni ze. !>ee::i qreat1v a~ter:ed, the_ b~i\·un1 ma·, ·sti.n ·Foo1v· s\gbin~ .ca:-it- historic,· ~values.reia'tt~g·- ... to an· earlier lif~tyle or( the ••'I' isl an-:!~- · Als.,, the :"!or es were an im!?')rta.nt fami. ly in .south.:.. I J_r, ern ~ali.fornia for ma::iy vears, and ~1-iis structure is onlv on,e'of tt.1-:l used by tli~ which is.~nriw.n t" still exist (t_tie' other i.s d1: ';oleta) •. DepC>s\ts. of hi'storic ;\rchae6l<>qical: value as~o6ia~ed ~ith,tl-ie occup~ti.o~ t>~ th~ house are un1.cfobtedly in.the· imme~iat,e.•1i.~in.ity'. ,· ·.•' , ... :1 . :t'he buh,' storied. A ilininq roo11 and a living roo:n we:e •locate'! -Jo·.rn stairs an-:! !)edroo:ns were locate".l uostairs. A:>ll'lrentlv thiiir~ was ::10 ! atta-:he::!. Aporo~im"tely fifteen years a1" a fire !:iro~e out in th.e kitclien an·f soon engulfed the el'lti.re struc.~ure. T~i?· coo!< 1ied in th~ ~ishap. A wa~h she~ next to it also bu:ned. h s:nalle: one-story bun~11ilt on t!l'e -. . -sa?ne site within a coullle of years. '< . !t is oossible tllat l:!fstoric arc!i.aeglogical r""·m'.?ins associ~te~ ~ith the otiginal ~uitdins an~ its ~se ~s a resijen~e anj bu~~house exist in the vicinity of the ~~der~ ~uilding. ~his site may hav2 siq~ifican~e in its associa~- r;. : )2. '., . ' -\--·, ... ';,:.: ' ,- :.-~ -; ...- .. , -r:._t;:;,;:; ', - .~;;t':I\~:;;f~;;;~('(~$~1;f;;"rf ''"t'1r~"".~':0'.~?,'.{t+,i:t,;~~~~rw: ..... • - 0, ,.~,,.~ ' ,_ ~~/ - • , \ ;c_. .. ·;: ~~- • er: . ~ ' <;\ . ,., -- -'"' ·, ., -r ' --- 't\ on' ·.ri th r.e!'i.denti.ab ,actbTi ti_ es __(:,f ->~~e a, ~ei·aei ~·- ~'.~r-~ ir:":E~--"-~f". :_'~ ,, ___ ? j ~· I '.' • .' 'll' "''· ,13~·rns ·- Stitt s,ta~dinq-, Partiaitv ~el,unt ., . ,' ,, 0 A;>i;>ro~imately 3.00 feet nor-thwest of .the m.-iin -rari_ch - , r • • - ' • ·' '\...... ,, • ·-!;it')use are,~..,,_, larq_e·:>arns',"!~i:c~-are !>elJeve'i tt') hav_e•.been -!>u\l~,:":3urinq·t~e :it6r.e '?eriod of t>te' nin~teertt~ cent:urv: On.e corit ai ns a' .Uetal W~t'<'> ~Oi? ana 'larqe' o\-i she.e?.·: V3 t .. ·-. TM ,,t_'tl~r': h_3!; a s~i:l:i}e:_r·~, --~ manger' f i>r, -horse!'>; -3 q~~a!'}e' (?~t:. . . ,. ' -~ , ' ...... ~ ~· - . ; ;i.n:'.~f.~~~--~:ni ,;: iiia,~:inl)t~er' ~~9,ih~oo·. - :This structu~e ·;;~,pa~~;:~}~\v/:?~(ti4_11.Y..co~iaJse~ -i~--~~~ f9so_s', an.~;,~-~s~t ·oFv:> ,:'has "Jeen'-- r-eo1acerf; ,i " ,J.:;....." - •• ~ -~-'"" ;1,- ..• ~r , (' Tnese ba~n~ ate ex".lm-:>leS of structures assl)ciate:i with '"1' ' ~.._ the early :lay :anch aj::ti•1i_ty ani thus serve 'as irn1Y.>rta:it:' acchaeoloqical. resourc_es ~in·iica,ti!''J' th~ir original fo:m an".!. ,I j "R.'!id !iouse• - !.'lo !.l)n an eucal,Y?t u<; grove. '!>!., i,nf.ormation is avail~lJle :eg.?r-:iinq it~s ?Juiltle:, its a:".Je, or its furtt:tiO'l. T~~ s~ructure ~on- tainer1 tl-iree s:nall roo:ns wl-iere ~rs. !olarc;a:et v.' 1\6'.llley re:::al\ed cm1!:>r>•1s '.lr t'1eir fa:ni\ies <;tave:l. Lat er dyn am i t ~ was stored in it, :in~ th~ buil~inq w3s set afire ta av'.lii an ar:cioent in about: 197;:!. ',, i ~~~~~~~Y'~"'i;wt~1rr~f!:1:~~'~.~1r(~:1' A", - -~'>' '· ~.~: 'i: -~·: . ·only ;be•st'Unied a::cl-iae0't"9icallv •. ' ' , .· ' ' ' - ~ . . . / ' -- . ' . .._:; ~ • J •,,,., -, to~·i: is not· do:n!?t-etely· : ' : ' ·J '. ; :. ~or'?.llan, iHll, :tnd-his ..,ife, ?cue, 'Juilt.a i:t'?'4 trat::t-1 i'' ~ ; ·The·~I:m·f es"t:t'Jlis'!le'a a·'sillait !>a,s~on Santa Rtisa JSl'!!rid' I! ...,,. • -:· '. ,, " - • > • ' • i:,, "J ~ _,. if' -!'fl.:,' . in 194l. '.fh'ole.· .tt. 't-"'s loc~te1 on,-t';I~\ c fl'lt la_n-ls -.,n~halt :nite off '?ech" ?ea' run"ling fro:n_ the 'Dain car'!ch '!tea. Most l)f it has .'::lee"l·l·ev.:.." ele~. ,iltl-io•Jg'i· so'.11~ .,f Hie. fo•Jn"lations stilt are visi~le. The tan'< is still there, :t;vi· oiles of wood la'f cl.,!;e to _tqe f.l>?t an:~ ?r,.,te<:te'l a:ea ..,here the small base stoo".l. The !:ia::ra<: Given the :'late of construction, the Cl')nnitio"l ot the sit.~, th~ e: whe::e in tli'! nation oiatinq frO!l! this 9erio-i, ~n!?1 '.!1•15t -:on- clui~ that ~his is not _a 5.ignific~nt site; ~o,,,,,·ever, it' ~o1ou1.': ce:tainly he oE hi'>t.,ric interest. ,._:- .. ;.. ... ' :;_~<,__-· :_~ • - l • :P- Focinec .,·<;chocil it-:>usec- Stil,\i>,'?t"a'1 . , 1.- , most li' to inCtud,e a ' 'L .l - • - ~: ,- " . _,,._;,~ne, ~~e.~'..~~t., ~~7\4;:~~~t:'0~~ :~-~e-/i~j~~,e~-~ :c e:oii~~l ~7g,;,\~7 .·ti'l' interest~·- tt is·9c_e;;u'lleo rit>t b~ to ~ssoeiate:'I, '"i.th hic;toc'i_c a!'C~aeo!oc;ical reso\lrces •· '' Associate1 ::lanch 5tructuc.,es ·-rh'e(~- are a n•J'llher .of S'.11~ tl ec, !:mi ldi._ng_s -:'!.Ssoci at:~ •.,{.t!1 the ca~chi.'.''l act_ivi ti·es of the':-tt>c es .an1/oc V:ii t an·i •/ic'<- · e:::s •.:.. sc:ile ho•Jse with tie!iornin'} ch1Jte is !JCesently.. J , a'Jt:>ut a century 61':!",' A furnar::e ;n;i .9latf'or:n .ue also evidenr.:e 0€ an earlier econo11ic ar.t:i.vi.tv.- -,- .J'-. ~ ,.. '', - • . ,. < L 1 ._';__f... x:--~ . .. ~ .. -. J -~..:,.·~~-~- -.: • -a~. ·c.~."'. _.,;:~\~~~:.~~.~~:!~; ;~-l .:.; :·:~~ ;_~·~;:~~~-- ,;~- ~p~~~~'t::,-P~~~~~±-~.~.. ~~~.(~i~i};&~-~"'!~~.ti"~'!'>i( ... ~~...:..~~~~";:"'~'~~~~~i!{\Af'"'' :~~~~~·-;-';:_~~~-~'... :·-:-"~,;~P,~~{~~(~.:-~;_~ 1 r~l-:~q'f1-.~~ Y\t,~~ ·--~-1~',.;r ._~},"' ..' .. ~,.·~:?.,>)'.~~·:-),·~~~~~~~f(''\7_ &i4'~-.;;'-~,);.. ,•_{ f •• • '.~F ~.~ :~-:,~; f": ' :- ':",Z ' 'J ;;;-', '" ; ,.,_'--. ~ (· ·~ ~' -~> -S~P.ep-·rai~in~::..,.,._o~ .t~P.. is('Hl-i.: A I'!_cqe·o•.ithouse (~hr ee' 0 0 . :~r:_a~_i·~;,~~~a'a w'in°"1'1lhl !lave !>e~ii"r·~,,.:!!"1.· '_' '>· "1 • I 1:, ,_ ., " Th~se stiuctuie~: 'i11.1y . .:qu;i.ii.fy 3s ·si.qnifi.cant ·cui~;;ira:{. · '•/ :.-'\i. - ,' ' / 4 ~ 0- •L 0 cesou.rces. as. a (!!.i;>r'~e'ntati.o~;·oi:: ~-ec_lln()l~fc'!l in.n()•/a;tton~. •, '.• celat: . f oc:n ec .us es. Air Force 3-'lse , - _ I '< , ,r-..'- ; ' o'- - 0 . ~ ., . , ~ <.. _ ,'' • , " , !3:ise locate:i ·on til~-south•coas.t.at .Jollnsol'ls L<:P.".o1as ~!Jilt i'n -.. ,_; .; ::::~:~/ .· ~::~~:~~:,:~.:~;,: )~~::~;Z::::-:;;?:~:fa .v.:- ~a li zea: Th!? !lase ;H~''C:iccu'Jie1 for ;te~'.,v~ars'.;ef~ceal>an-' • . r...,· · :i~nment 'core l.'~'5!1:277_1. :\ltho•J'Jl-t this b.l?'ie is of interP.St i.n. teems of t"i~ his ttlr'{ of, lan·i use' on t;,e islan'i, thP. buil:iinqs .1t'~ ntlt 0€ unique ilis.~oc.i'C:ai. siqnifican-:e. 't'llP.ie is un':lo_u!>te-ilv .3 sµ,;_ st:inti.ai· bo-i·r of inf.ocmati,,n a':>out this base in :nirit~cy iirchi~.res. Orr's r.am:> lines ace nearly flus~ ~ith thP. 1r~uri~ levP.l suc:oun~in'J ~~e ·'- , '~':__ :, ..... , ·"':".;~-"' • t i~;:. ·:;:_-__.:.~~.£:.c~-.:,,..:._ .. , .~, .. - .. ;~; -x-'1-,,;·:~···.':.~·:-~~;---.""~_.'~ ~~~j?~~S:~~~,fi:C!~~~lj~~~z'.··· 'l_u.l lv for· ocot-ection' F.r.~ th~ ''?.r:evfil.lnq winrt, iri··'I th.?i.r L•:, 1 ·. o E.loors a;; s•.i??9i>Cte'I ~y, '90st~. a:e~~_e11'linq' ~o.1 t.I\~ sid~~- .of ;thP. 0 6. -· ' q,'J ll~!> '.t'h~i r. CO'lS tr'tlction i S, ,,(" ~;frtis: !=~.~eced ,with ;:tar ' " /;.. ''.l'h~ ca'll9 ;~ ~ cur r e~tly~ i ;\ a'. v:~d _1e'.ter-i~t:C!te'I con:.ji- ·:\... .. tio.n. .. .' >.lt!io•!qh' c~ent in aqe, :the buit'li.n1s !'i"!].9 1ocu:n"!nt:. fl. sic;pificant oeri.61 Of ar~h'l~l~icat rese.u:cll ,on t':i~ ,isla~·'I_; The buit1in~s •a.i:e ?~rha'::!s ,the :n"st inqeniousl"~ coni;truct.e:i· · on·the i5lan1. shac ') '3) Johnsons· Lee S~ai::!< - locate-i l>etow the liqhtho•.ise ·.lhic,h ...,as 'Juilt 1n 19.25'. tt ...,·as m.'!intaine-:! 'Jy the"liql:lthous:e. ·service for tan'1iriq ?atties •.intil the \ir :or::'? 3ase ·4as ~ullt -~t J~hn~ons.·Le~ ~n the sou~h si1e of the islan~ '~ · _i.955~ ·~lot~~- :facgare~ v: wo011:y betieveti .it still st~o1: bu~ Mr~- t:.:-iwac 1 Snii t.,' felt the shac< was :to tori1 e:: s tan·j inq. ~~ardless, th'? shac< was [)t'Obably !::iuitt ·a·t 'the ti:ne of 'tt-i.; ti~hthr.>•.is e. bi ~ C:arivon ~ - .locate'! in a f.tat a!>t,.,e".th~ canyon. tt is still standii'v1 l;)ut is ao;;iiirent:ty in_ a 1111Jl:h 1lley a:t1 V.r. <;:nitl\ stat en th'lt the shil-:< ,..,:.s ocnba!:>ly mi tit.'lrv-relat:~n,. ~ i - ''- : -~-/·...... !'-.,:-· ~-_,.,"'\'r,,_:.,_.;-r,. .. ':$f~.t~~~r~~vn~!~~~~~~~?t~~~~~~~~~~::~~~=~·~z~~~~~~~~~~~~~2~~~~'$/' l~' ;:~-- :rr:~f ~/r~\~~- ,-~; ~~~~~- :\.~,t~_i_ /:~-:: -~ ~, _· '· ~-:;'- _· 5, '·--~-_:·: '\ ~-r_·~: :~ ~--<~~ :~;;::'' :z·,-: ~:~~)::~~~;:~\~~,- " L > ,, :..' •,:;_•' '""'L, ,·,l ·<,: 1 I" - c )" ·c~ if1a,·ca'mri: cab i_n ~- .I\: st~u~tu~-~~--w~·ich, --i~ t ~-s "l>.:sc!< to a_t;) ' .:... ' .r- teas\th~l920s. tt:sta~te:L;o•Jt .:ss a s!fa-:'<, ~n-:t th~n-in' '- _,-,'· /\the: ta~e _1-930S_ it wa!> eril"!eq~I], snq!\';ly an~ ne.~eby' COe- .., \ r .. .t:,, 1'.eals·-..,ee:e !-Juilt. ti: ·.~as once again '.!K,,an·:!e.1 in th !:lite'< to th.'? - - - ' ' ' ' ( ~oee .oeriod of. isliin·'I' ownei:sl'iio. A wcif'.!C:- in 0v'erlanoi "lonthlv (i\'non:{'ll~~ii' 11174) hii·i catle1.the' si_te "A~alone;, " , · · ·. 't'ish " to the t~land :tOcCOtl~t a'>al(;",..e ;S!'t er:tlen ,use'! "lonq,. f-lat:-=!JO_tto:n ':>oats, t ik th ?edinar•j. oa.r oe ruoi1e:• (Santa 9"1r!lar'l. "locninq · ~, '1a:r 10, 1:89'5). Chinamen iilso wee e ~roiJ'l!it .to th?. isl.:sn-:t to h un·ier th sale of 'iant_a·Rosa tsl-:ln-1 to Vail ar'\•i l/ic~ers in 1901 ' ' f '· ev:ent:u-1 l t y -:::ur tailed the ~!'tee;>, '1us ;_ n'.!ss a~:i the need for, sh~:ire:-5, a:i'd th'?re ·-1a!Ci !nt')St 1 1.ikc:?ly ·.inC:-easi:tqlV t~~ Chin·~Se CO!'tt"ICt with the islan'i (S.:snta 3arbaea "lornin.J ~· J:jly B, lC!OIJ an·i '-13'{ lS, 1903) . . , ...·· ~;-~:.:: :.:..·. :~-~-~/.. -.;: ___y' ;( . ~ ' . -- , '· c- ,,,. ·', •..• ·.:,' ·,, ·· .:~ ;~:{;:!;.> :~.~~~~,~irit.·~~h.a~~ ·~ :n~y:~~~t:·~.:.\ll b.e 'st3mz~~:.:~ --~rs·: :,-,J,,o~~.· ~: · ~ ··· ley r en ·, ; ·:. ,it _;'! ._:~vt~;n~:aS0•.1t.~h:-'~t~~uc~;~.;e: ,, ·. ( - , . - - ~'s~e\h~·ucj~t. . ·- i " ·~aii o·ro~ r, z:i 1 .a~l v: -~u~ lt· !>v-?13.il a'n-t::•lic' ' .. ' ,.-, ~:.;'lli.~h ct>uln not' recall ·a s~;\t:'< near the east oorti:on t>f· the islanti: : ' flats at the ·..iest er'l·i l)f· the islan;L it· ti~t·es. to th~ ·-t~r 7 ;:>er iod~".:l?r e-·1 ?OO,'. Sha-:~ ..:,hich ~uStirt,:iri.qht menti_one1 .fo hi~ .?rother in .; :1rJa'. a ,h,,:.1"~~~-.·~~a.~ ~~~~·-w~~~'.;e~.~~ -~~~/ih.\y,;.a; h·~~~~ ~L.. 1 a'Jo•jt, '5u': not.seeil··(Wright"lq5J:?l. 1i1 ' '. . "' • . . ' '· .... , J " . . "lr~.::fo,,ttey. . . ' ·s· . . ... ~ ' ~ , - o· .. nt>t :nen:tioil.~it, f • ~, - ·~ ~ ' ~iqnificance: Tlies0rtant to the history '>f the islan·i. They inclu~e structures ~assO: ciat:e:i with e.lClv.an:l contini1ing eco!lo:nic'activity·on tl;le islani:! an:i early .settlement l>y certain neooles. "!any ·:1~e ··m-ioul>t~:i~y associate:i with historic archaeot0qical_ 1e;>osi~s reflecting act.i•iiti._es which t.ool< :>lac~ at the s~a-::l SO'lle ot th<:?' archa~loqical i;enains uniioul>tenlv reElect use ?)y s;>eci f i.c ethnic qrou9s su.ch as 'th<:? Chine<; e. Ci ~~~~ .. --. ,.' ,, , '"<.; ,., • w -·~·-" .(' .!<.·1.~--~.,... .,...,_.., .. -.. ~...... :.""•'···-~•-:•Q•'£;;,·;;.,;,·,;;,··•"':.,;.··i;.;,-~--.--~.;;;.;~-",.;·~i,;;"";.(~~.;.·'~··.;.""·;.;··-:.;;.,::;·.:.~;.;;:;;;.~-..:.....:;.;u~~··~'·';:;,•:.:~·:.~._:'..!.'-''c..--""'·:.::··::..,,~~~·~< t?~J. -~·''"~'"."°~~'"itW'~9:;.r.~·v,;..,;~c·;,lf'5Jl.i~.,;v:s;r~· '~'"1.'.f"'1~ry;.><·«h~~'i~""r>if'r'~-,, ~ ~.i.~~~~~1~'o~~"{~·~'':~cV;"3~;.~:>;~·;:~:v~f;c74'.,1~!',<'ES~"Z~:;0:~;~?t:~;·•·· , '1·,r {'/;> l ',I :;. •.,, :· ''i ...... , :Shiowr!?'::ks. off ~ Rosa Islanit . .o >:· ·• : - . " J_ t, 'I . ,- , °'" - t·- .~ :-- ,. <,l, .' Tlle?.eihave '>~en ,~;·.1rnb~c of~·shi;<1r&.: 0 '·,- ! ·0th.er t'oc.'lti..ons 'ilonq th':! -:ali.fornia r.oast) .ha'.'~ -been· i::i'en-:; - - ,_. :. ' - -~ ti.fie~ in: Archaeolog_ical .. Literatuc.e ::·HVf!'/ an'i 'iP.n!iitivitv: - - / ~ ( • , .,- -, • -;;; _._~-. ·"·ii zone Ma-oo inq of: t'l e'., <;ou thecn ·Cali forni'l 'li'lh t. Ar ea, ·Vo_i;u'll"!,, ' - •. - ;_,;-,·;' ..4.l ." ;"'·,__ '. ~ '•' • <.." -::;.-~-:er,,- ·~ - c , \• ' ' • - , ~ ' ', ~~r~,. '5, • • ' :t c , . Anoen-iices, .(Sc i-'ence''),001- ic'l +;ions, t nc; :. t 97 3 :V1 tt. 9..:501) ' [ • : , • • ' - ' .-!ucterl un-iec•Hter ·a.rchaeotoqical reseacch in ~tlte <;ar\t_a 13-'lc~ ~ara ':han~el, :his :focume:tt i.s the :nl)c;+; .co:11ptete· c;ource .of inform'ition on shi;>wrec' !-leWs:>ai:.>ecs oro•1e~ a. lialui\!)l e s•.1991 e'llent, ".~:tho•.1t)h :>r ior to the l87.0s.t!ier.ewe're f.e-1 ne-.1s9-:i?ers covedn~ t:he tl)ci\1- . ' \.) .' ' s:::ene. Ners f;oc tlte -1.:it_.es 'lf shipwree!(s :nentione1 'in J secondary sou:.:ces were che:::' s i, i. t?wr ecl 9reliminar~ survey. L ,•:; ·.: ~,_-: ~' '- .. ' ', - - ""• ,;.:. -[,_,~ ,:~.~---) ~ ,·;y,, ">·- ,!Jfu~.'~~(,~;~ ~~~ ::. .... ~ - ' . '- ·· 1- 0f\ the. t sla~-:\; tl)~v ; t,1s t ha?!'en e-i t~ b. .,; .P " misfoctune:s!JC~ as 'this'< f.Oq .!)C 'st;oq1y t~eilt~er 'occ0:1cce'-i; .~" '!'hose clocaL tc~€f ic bo·ats- enq;:i'l~~ in ~he eactiec ·eco'no~ic at::t\viti~s o~~ tJle isla•vi, sur.'1 as stea11ers carcyi111· -.::ittte_, - .. a~~lon:'! ti,o;hinq f.la':-'Otlttan ~ats, nc iu'l\S ~ranspor_ti_ng ::hih~Se _~.,eacers Or sh~'?o;. ~ft~n ,rec~ive1 1\~:iti!)~ in the loca~ n~<1!:f'J_:ioe-cs, but they :fo not's'"io',/.uo iri t~e·recor1s of-· ·, - fn<;'J!:~f\Ce CO::li)cini·~, •.ihich are biased tPwar:i L.ns•Jcable s'"iii;>:-~ _?in<(. ~or ·e_xampl_e,: :i .Jurie.t2, tcin, ite'll in the ~anta sar;,.:., ~ -!;:_,~-- ,-; I tl ",.',)_,_ .>.~, .;~~~ L ,", "'"-;;~: 0 ' ,, • .. -:,, ~)a ca .'ior ninif:?c ess _i n'iicat'e?. thil t_ a qas~lin~;x>:.iec e? - sch~onec.:··"P·ranci~e/;vjlu~rl a't 's;so~,. sari!< !>e,tween_ -;ar\ta'",- . : Rosa an-i -'ianta (:ru;: tslantis.: Th~ same new~?a?er -ce;x>rte1 on '.1a'{ 15, 190~, th:it a 18-foot boat O'.me:i '>v Chi'nese, ha"'! sµn'< ~nth~ lee si~~-of th~ islan~. No ot~ec infor~atian w~s qi~en; o_ral histories woul1 ">e 1'\e-.:essacy to learn :noce ax;1:1t: these s~aller scho~necs that san'<. 's fac as can ~e 1~tec -~in~1, i list•of t>i~se s~alier crafts has never been co:n- ·, ?ile~. The ?revio•Jsly-:nentione~ 1.t.~ stw'ly 3ssesseo:l tlie cui- tural :eso•Jrce v3l1J~ 0€ enc'"i shi:Mrec~ '>asen o.rt al rarity '='€ was constructe~, ~,t:J c) t!i.~ pcob3':1le s+:.at11s of its ?C esecv;i- tion (l/':)l•.une ! , Technical Re90ct, ?· tV-118). t t then ai>siqne1 .a n'Jll)_ecic V3lue to eac'"i .~ei>oucce as ~otl0<.~s: al. . '-; ' - [\/ ~ ., -~.~~-:~:-_~ ·.-• ..:~:~:.:~i-~·- ~ i ' s'iq~'.'if;~can~J :2,> · mo'ierat ~l'y slqni.ficaht', 3). i·nstqniffr.:a~t"~'.::. · ' ., a.nd 4)!~~~ri~·~~· ::·T,h;·,~~l-l~i~q·--?;f~l~~i~LY. ~,{s~:-~6·f ~~9·~.~ .. • shio·~-~tlt'at~hav;~ s~n)< "' gon'? a:i!t'oce ;utlliz"!'.1 this1 sturfv,;-s·- ~ ,, • <. , ' • _. ~' ' • • - - " ,- •• .,_ ~ • - :-,. • . 'etas~ if i~~tf on t>f 0 Slqni·f icance., WhP.~ e _an 1S tee.isl<» a';,o~ar's . - .... , .... ·~. ,-. . - ' -. - ... . ._ . -. - :. (n,. the, S!.".t stun·1 ·Er,! no.t inr.:t'uri'.-? inform.'\ti~>n o!l tit.is_ . shipwr e~!<. !i'he list· is in _-::hronoloq~_cal or dee.· ' , - • ' .J • <,., 1:h.P. Gol :ien ~"' n-...: (~orl~rate siqni f icatv::~l 'July 25,. 1~33. 3riti.sh, Eour-"m~s_te1"iron\-. t::ar:cv.inq car.~o- ~f~'coa}~ Loca.t'e,,ri:/4. :niteod· :s.·-i_, shore\of ·i'st_an'.L ?arti'ltiv :;at"'.'. 3arba~a- ~or~·i-'ng< - ,' f'-- ~-- - ' - <':r_ess, Ju.ty 25, l'3_93i s_.-S-~ta aar'l>a'r~ .;r , 'llews-Pr e'ss', -July 25-, 1%9, .~a:rch '9~ '191_0. Crown-of ::nql'lnd-- .('!lo1erate significance) ~0•1e:nber_ 7, 1894. British. G•we ':lrec!< C'ln~'Jn its na~e. Off South side o~ istanoi. Sources: Santa '\ar!:>'lr·a Morninq. Press, i.iove::i!:>er 13.an-:i 141 199.;.' ~-1q ic-- (*) ~U'JUS~ 2t, 189'L c1:i schooner or f i'sh~ nq ':>o'lt. to i::~t'll ina :ons er vi ncf ':0:11.,aily·. SourcP.: Sarita ~ar~ara ~orni:lO ~· Seote'llber 6, 19H. Aq-:'lie ~oqe-- (*I 1915. '1ocwegian Reqistrv. 1575 ,.~ri~"~....;~r•.s.~:~~,,...~~"~?W~~~~~t"S:~ ... ~-<~~~~'"T-:~J;ti!f.L-.(JP.~~!M:-$:.-:rt..-Jv~~~Y:'??~r~r...·h~~;rr~-ey-~-'l"f 1 P'~ ~ ~t_,;4~~)• Fi.,~~~~¥:!!f~' ,- ...~~,-J.i>~ Jv r.,_;~y"(f~'-)e~ ~'i --. I' •r 't'J '.d:._: t./~ G-1<' .,../ '..',;;_.W',f·..,_~--;,~~\l~~r";..v .r*t.:' ,.~ . r: ~~ 2~?'~7;''j0~J/;~~f ~·:, :-: ~,: '.'L'·:t> 5,~ :. t >';: ~;';';' ,": .j, '• i.: 1-~.-- ,. • ' -, 'T.:stbott .. Shoal. «;oucce:·,Santa ·'3acs)ili:a' · "" '· ' _._.,,_ I•, - ' -. ' .- I_ 4 -----, \ ,;, 'C~·'J ~~-,'·<:__ f News::::c.~ss. ,'\~-q~s~: 22 .:, t ~7t. -" -, ~<"•;,:, '(~~deca'te .si~~if,tsin.C,~l ·~·~Y '.25, · .1~;-d .. ' -- ., "J '-" ' 4 ".' Sclw.>n~r ot: 310 tons I !:Hi Ht in)~SJ,. ' II' j;~ I -, Cacryi:ri!J, lumbec fr~, ".:oos ~.:sv;,9ceqi:?n;_ . ,;... !'o~r~e.s: Santa' Bar'l'iira-,"lornin1 ?ress, ...... Y,, iqto; '3ruce r>. 'q~rrn.1n i::ricvclo..:. . - ~ - . - . . . ' .i i'.>'etiia .,t; :!\rneric'3n Shiowreel -~ r tion_i!l bibUogcaohy); ?~,20s •. ,,._ ~- ·»- ' -l' ·.. . ';... - •' -: ( _, ' ' ,".-~:;·(~·-' -~· y, ·l:~ t•'r: ."Thoe nton!;,.:..,• '(s iqnif icani:) 'fq10 • - . ,.. - ;.-_• - S?. i enl:e: • - - ),,' ~~ ;:~; :· ~ 0 .. 1' r:-: - , - Aoplic'at'ions; tnc,, · -~~chae6l'o?Jicat'; ·- ' -..\_:.-·' ""i.. .. l ...,,, '.--;-- ~ ) ~: ' ', :.· ,,, t '. Lii:eratu re St.i'rv ":!VI -votu11 e ~t t I A~r?_e'n-,. (in,si:;nit:ir;a:lt)' l>eotP.'.tlber '31 lq44. 94 < ~" ' tons; !luilt i_n 1q3'}. Ra:i "n t>il, sere-"'. I, Local newc;;oaoer 1i~·nl)t' cover i~ (1efense reasons?) qources: 9ruce I). -3er;iinn, ::ncvciooe-3ia of A;iieri-" • , ~ Shi~wrec~s, ?· 2l0. Source: tions, :r nr..,, >.r.c>iaeoloo kal Literat•He Survev ·Volume t!, A::>:;>endices, o~ ,.,- L, 117 " " _, ' .; ., "~~·-.., ~' ~--·~ .....'1... ~"_,,;;,;'.;-~,,~.;;..;;;·:.:;:i:..i;.'--.::~:;:~::::·~'\_;:,•(.:~;..:!:;_::.','.:::;;;/•~J;;;•~::.•~,.:;.;;••:;;,'•;:''~;..'.;;.;;~.::.,;;,,~:;;::,:;..;.;~-"~.;;,,,:.....:,;,_·:.:·:;:;,',;.,· ;;'.;,;·-2:'"~,F:-:.A-~·.·~·~ • '·.;:.._'. .,,. ,J,·.j:::.·:...... ,-._~--- i J', -~;·:: :'"~ ~- -:·;·?;~ ~~-< .--:! ~:- .. ·~" :-;,_: '.,,-:. ~:: ~--~~. :.:::. ;~/ 71:'-·,~ .. 15~"-'.-'::~:-· .~ ', ..::,,'"-,.:_).;;.,~t~",, '~1 ';.~~- ,•I,,• ·,, . .:. '.~ - . " -, , J <), .... -~G~t1.e~ t;;at·~.,.:- (insi')ilif icarit-l 1Q~2. ~uil't, in)Ci44, , ',, '~ "·' ··, ~ "'. ,· ·, [' .,. --~, ,., · · •\;,oi'l 'sc:c ew ·ty;>e._ !5ou'rcer. Sc'i.ence ~;.,·~t l- ·i/ ·;\ ", ·~ca_-: ions t_nc~· •.1\rc~a~~o:lic.~i- ~i~~;;·t;~~e ,, ','.,.'< surv~/, · 'vol•.~me tt / "'""e~1icl:!s./ t>·~ '-;-..: ' 1." . - ,'' - -·' ,··. 0, ~· ' . " (insi:q!lifii::intl- June :n., 1954~ ,, ' . ?anamilnia~.:. r E!1'ist er e:i -~ r eh!i't er. ,ca'r r v-' • •. • . , ~"." • '- r ,.' ' _in1 :1.o, i)t)I)_ tons .;f, co·at, was en'ro1Jt"'! to. ,.Ja!)an., · ·-1:: ecl(eti O!l a cet?'f' ofE 'the' isJ'ln-i s~urces: 5an~a -~ , ,2 ,--., ,' ,,., '' ' ,, ' .··~_.-.. ty?e Ereiq!-\ter, r.eqistere-i in.~l:l'>ama: ..- jJ ~·' ~ . ,_,-, \'1as enro1Jte fco:n Ja9an to :.iitmi·n!J'ton. Stet?l ves;;et; '5,l-31 tons. Wrec'. ?oint, south·..1est o'irt of island. ,. - . ' , . sources: SantA .3arbara '.-ie·,,s-'?r es_s ,. Fe'>ruar.y 7, 1962; 9ruce ~. ~~r~nn, ~!lcv- clooe1ia. of Am~c'ican Slli'O"lre-:' Addan L. Lons!iale nn-1 "!. ~. Ka~l~n, .:.. ~· >'· ;.. ~ ~ tD ~~~!.~---.-·- ".::i; .-.",.j~; ;:_:~"" ~ ~~ ~' ,\-::_.~;_r;... '',·~~·;~~J :r ). :t~:;:_.-_' ·~ . • ~.:..~.• ~""':-- ~J..o-"• -:, ... '-·-:d .,c .,.,'--,-c:·1. . ·•· i ;:-_ .. ., .:::, I~ ., =-, I '-1 . - , -.:> •.,, •__ ~... I l . ;;-.;:·.. :::.:.:i: ,l:\':;ir.:1; '."! :r.r :s. c, ;ir!:~~:'\·r !n:-. :~!' .... :;c :a:':lc. :... ,.1..: n~ :hr 1 r.:drH':1~ • .•. ··;:-_!:::-:-;.:-:« 1:~:.::~ n~ :::r "!: ·-.r:iul(. :·-r ·:::~~· 1r. f.1\'ir:!' :.:~-:.::.ir ;:-~r::: .:.;,-.:. ;: .. ~a b· ;.:;.:·.:~ ::.:.:1(. :.;,n\l' :.";;,j :w"': lrcs ::.~ !"!f"·.·;;:cC r.:.:-;i.l:t; .ri: ::.~-· i~i.C. :\i·:-. (.·~~-;;~~ i°'~· >.. :. -i:.d fr;;.~ ::t!~Nll'i o.r:=.1 ~.ay :ot r~· i::;.nG bin :n/i:1:·· n: < J.i;.:-ro, H. ~: :.; 0 ~~. ;:::.:-(;~( ?.~ ~::!>n·;0 ::"::;~ n! c--.:!· ;.:·:-:!.~ ;:-1! H• ~:t•_!·;: ~11;·:. $.~!~· • ·.o, 7:-:~- :.a:·r~:~:. '"'hn ·.-.·r.~ :h: li\;,.t:rin. ~=\·i:-:r.,.5 uilh ~'>c:!.i.:n, ti~ • "',..: ;:.<·~rn:,H. r.. :.i.irt>. !i?d ~me . "THC: ~Oil is atfap:C'd 10 d c·r r. a;urlni'~ 7.nt ~i:.er ~-~?Ji:in:.1s d:eams for :!'iiJ Zi· the .;ro--·th 0 : u·hc·at. 1'a:iry, ;i:!mniw~rnus anir.:1.h r~m· u;.c1h·e ~.000.acre bndy or oau and C'\!her t·r:rcals. mnn 1n the rcmn1r. inG thinly Jnnd:· "II b ra"ih· i·r.:-!;rC: a:u·:- ~rnlrC.,"'itrl$ n: flur rr.nii:ir11L "Cai'1ain Ch1:1~:- rrnn~i.c.r~ us th ,. · . ~ •a .i:~: :~,.in!.. t-:t1o q1 • :- ;115, r ··71u~:io:t '_., r anirr.1.h wo1:id :ind 1har ~·t "'flulc! rr~rh $;.nra icsu ~~,._., ~" !-r. ;:w~e. r.as l"Cln~coiial n::~e: in ihe hi1i~ :r~~atti~e~:~~u~nurs -. i: ~e ;.:o·:C"d r•1=1JHi:-.. ,;ne <·an·,·ons n:- 1h! i!=iand. isl'*· 1 1 . ''Ht had. cro~~ed th~ c!';a:-.· ht>··::~~ a \'~rf,~? -~~ ~.,~ , ~;~ Ja1~ :;"m :hr ?:;:nuiOn , ,,! nel"in three anG a f.aH. 'ihc' d 11 ;;,,~-,r,~~·~"t if. ~·~or!. ' ; ;:-;en. Utt'' ·~ncl~ in 2 'hon Siar o: Fr~r•m wz' r~ra:ile 1 i m • :: ...... ,,. ::. .. ··~·· in r.: .;,,J!lt il in Ehrc·r anG a ...-'.'ilh p::•('(': 1·"':-.:it•n ."! ::~:rn~r~: .... :· '·, •· • • · ~.. ~ r:~cfier."" hct. ,:-.c ~·a, a· hait r''·.·.::.-.~~:_,_.i:•. _!1;~·.n :-.;.My ~tiuid- h! In• • o· • ~ •• . ~::C~iia:-~ and 1c•c;ui1~ pit-:-a~· _.. ·~'"' . · .me:;~ '<~::.c i.. ·• 1 ?'~;~ of ·wind tn c1evdor her ~st !'U:~~:5r;~J;,vt:~~l:i~~;~~~Y... it;f.c~ ~~~s. ~~~~~si:c~f~-~!a::~~~~:, ,,ailin~ G11ali1ics. · · ·. .-irld o! 611 •0 r 70 h"shcls 10 the the En~iish lnrcarce rabbi!. ,), ··nie hr~ze dt.-st"necr u~ ~ere. ,. lhe Jiar.ia of Chile·-'anc! Peru.~ Ion; l'Y.>lore v.·r · rcacheG the . ;, n •h, ell•rcd vallcvs'' and, ,,·arious inher rare ;·alld • 1 ""e norlhc-rn ~in"t o: Sarua Cruz-: U1 J ~ • cut:6cs anima!s--from fot!'h?:n and we had the pl~su.re of. most of the fn!i1S kriown to c~~nt.ricS m!::ht: aiso h: in-~ partaking' of his ~ood cbee; I • m P e r a t e climes "'OUI.d traduced, so tha: in the course and sleeping· .that night on ,t1ocrish. '. · of a few years an .a~ea Or :::-... board his ...., ... ·ard linle era rt,. "Apples: ' reaches, pears. u.oro or 20.r.oo acres-:~·nuld he lulled"by the"•nn~ of the ~ells I' I um•·. apricots', cherrie•; .,,,..~.~ ""ilh an ahun~ance ol a:id ihe ~:-owsy S'.l't:lJ of fae quinr:es. e1c .. u·nuld seem to ;:ame.... sea. · ._' · · · bt U·~ll ;iC:~;>it'C 10 t!iis~:e;ior.. "(',~·, ,·arr:~ !:iitt r::ccl. • ••Jt' ""'as nOt ur.ti! the ncir:t . "lhca ii.re w.a:;y she!:rre'C ::a·a i' no :"Ci'l.~n t.n dnuh! ·~av a1 n.'lOn :hat ..... e ...:ere rna· nnnks """htre n:s. o!h·u. al· t~at ~ui·h an tnterpris:-. t;;,-nul~ ." bJ~d 10 make a landing oi the · monds and .,..·alnuts wout~ not nnly pay in the s!\ipmenl · · ..,.harr of ~1ore's Harbor. . • . prnhably artain i"er!ettion. of ;ame 10 San Francisco. but . "A Jarge proportion of the ··Grarc\·ine$ mi; ht alsn ···oul~ iendtr Santa Rn~a a AAil is aCobe. pac~ed hard by vie1d ~nnd crn;'ls y,,·hert they p!ace ol poi'ular :r~an fnr the rains or !iy;one cent~riC$. 3re ·nnr tnri :nuch e~i""$rd U'I trave1ers from a11 j'arts nf ihc s;ivins;. - _in tht ab$enr.~ of the r~I ~a-l'ireezes. of !!ium· wnrld. ·timber, rather a hleak appear· mer. "U.1hen the Enhlish, Ru!!isiu1 a nee "to the island. . · ·"Divided ir.tn farms of 200 or German tourist un. in a "All it •tGUires. ho,.ever, is or 300 acres each, Santa Rosa :ew hours. be landed on, a'. culth·aticn to make ii proC•JC· "'Ould be an e•cellen1 rield for heautilul istand. where he· un tive. a :: rand roionitaiinn en; chase the buffalo. the elk and tCrflrise. the dee•. and alll"3\'S be •ure •· "THE VALLEYS 1·on•ist of · (The w:iie:-' had little thoc,r..: r.I some trophy oi ~is -sllill •. 'anu\•ium and sedime:nary dt· of the mar~cting or :;ar.spor· fe~ wm,.:ld pass oVcr lhis coas: ;iosits, ..·ashed do•,..,, rrorn tii_e tation pral>le:ns or sue!! a ven· v.-i1hou1 spenilins ·a day or , ... o adjacent ~ills, intennixe~ with ) at Santa Rosa:· shells and debris, o:iginally ture. de;:osite~ :,y the ocean, lor:n· "There is no place in Cali· HE POl!\"TEO OUT tJ:at the i:ig ·a s.ucc~ssi~n of saa~. e~- fornia u·he:-e a more e~uabie · ciir:'laie "''ZS st:ha:,Je, the griz· tenundant, and :he ranse feet. - .. - · - ·• bined wi~i so large an area ol a:nple. Sheep and c.attle had "The na:ural fertility of t.iis. a\'ailable land. su?iec:. to lodi· adapled themselves :o :.'le Is· soil is re:narkable. ·::ach val· vidual CDnlrol." lane en\0 ironmrnt, and •. ether ley is !illed v.·ith an almost "!.'> M\' RAMBLES about animals "'OUI~. 100. ' impeneuattle ~rowth of alfi· lhe island. 1 •4·as impressed ·•Jt is tOo co:·a:non an error Je:-ia. u•i1d oa1s. btir clo\·er. •..viL.~ its rapabi!ities !or many i~ Cali:C'lrni~~;JU?:LaJl. native · ;::-as·ses, wc:eds and novel and in1e:-esti:ic ex;te:i· :iot·el '"?nccntion~fJiG thm'.:1.· . \'arin:.zs nutritious hc:bs. suil· r.::ic:us in ~~dition 10 ihe hnme· C: is c r ! di l ·uP!!_n· ne·•· .en· • able for pasturaS~. · ~)' though profitahle pursuit of l'!:nrisu. . . . . ~ .· "The hii1s are ~ently rou:u~· sheep ra~sins.'! "Ca1ifornie .. nuer$ ~'le ·hest ~ .. o.-it!i s;>acious vis~s Ci'f~e Mr. ·Mort s:.i~csted io him field for ·the i:itr~uctio., r.l .•• tops, cestitute_, ol trees. ,and the ;iossibility of es:ablishing :uwelues 1n agroculiurr.., uoct -~ ei.:tending l>road .easy slopes· a 'toui-is·-auraction t.'iere and ra1S1ng and kina;e;r-;uSiects.,.,! :, , , . :_-.,.'ith ,sli~ht . declivity'. to,.·ard .• : he·let·hi~,ima•ination wariiler:. -.. :·Where~ i"',:the ~-limit. :·and'.· .. ~\,.,... .",., .., . .,. TQfJ!t~~~~~~~~·'·:: v;./' : -~-,~j ·--... --•• -....,· r. .... ! ... ·~ ;;" ..'·· c:· •r ~ .. {235) , __ r..;;..•.-:.::..l\.:--'::,_,l. ~- ._; I~ . j i - .. 'I I I C'-*n ~ ·t:. llf·1~•· ; ,- ~ • ' . ., • • ·1 '' ::,_ ' .=-t":":'' ,,,,.~ ~~·-~· j Q. .z-s'.•."J-~~~.z.:·~~·"'~~ .' .. ~"'~ ~~ 1?: ·! ·. ..l, ':'J- ·, ·I l ~-·, l P.4 CI:F'J CO l" 1 :r c ·! . :I ·;I ·1 ·I··. JI I r·~.71 .._"'..,.· I c.".. . -.,,c,; __. .r..• 1 .• 1.~~ ... !.c;~ .;....,. ,.,,,,...... ;~-~ % ...... 11. .1'74, •• l 'J •·'" .... s~",.. ... ,..1.• ·I ·j L.: .: : \, y--· _; --;r-. ·~~ - -:::~), '\ !j ·' ' '. "'' G r,. ...... ,.;~ ,:. :4°'0-:1· ·, ' J ' .. i~ nearshor.e '-Oters ui l.~inq '-':IS ml')ven ne;1r the ranch o::o;nolex. ase oLooerati.on.s.