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Libro 2015.Pdf Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología Biología de Campo XII Edición Coordinadores: Mauricio Fernández Otárola Jeffrey A. Sibaja Cordero Federico Bolaños Golfito Enero-Febrero 2015 Índice Página Presentación iv Participantes v Fotografía del grupo vi Fotos de los participantes vii Informes grupales 1 Ambientes acuáticos Composición de fitoplancton según gradientes ambientales de la Bahía de Golfito, Costa Rica. Melissa Rodríguez Girón 2 Impacto de la sedimentación y la presencia de tres bioerosionadores en los arrecifes coralinos del Golfo Dulce de Costa Rica Bernardo Valenzuela Benavides 12 Densidad de larvas y pupas de Protoptila sp. (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) según velocidad de la corriente y ubicación en la roca en quebradas Katherine Bonilla Badilla 24 Ambientes terrestres Plasticidad en la de construcción de la tela por Leucauge argyra (Aranea: Tetragnathidae) en pastizales de Golfito, Costa Rica Jairo Moya Ramírez 30 Relación entre el tamaño de la araña y el índice de gordura con el área de captura en telas de Leucauge sp. (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) Juan Carlos Azofeifa Solano 38 Relación entre la distancia de troncos caídos y la abundancia de las telas de diferentes familias de arañas de la hojarasca Diego Solano Brenes 43 Efecto del paisaje sobre la escogencia de sitio y la densidad de las arañas de hojarasca en un bosque tropical húmedo en regeneración, Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Golfito, Costa Rica. Juan Ignacio Abarca Odio 47 Relación entre la hora del día y la distancia al nido con la actividad de forrajeo y jineteo de la hormiga cortadora de hojas Atta colombica (Formicidae: Myrmecinae) Beatriz Naranjo Elizondo 58 Preferencia de percha e interacciones asociadas al comportamiento sexual en Archisepsis y Microsepsis (Sepsidae: Diptera) Noelia Belfort Oconitrillo 68 Diversidad y patrones de actividad de visitantes florales en Dicraspidia donnell-smithii (Muntingiaceae) en Golfito, Costa Rica Irene Calderón Sanou 78 Producción de néctar y registro de visitantes florales como posibles polinizadores de Calathea lutea (Marantaceae). Laura Campos Esquivel 89 i Disponibilidad de sitios para anidar y su uso por pájaros carpinteros (Melanerpes: Picidae), según el desarrollo urbano en Golfito, Costa Rica: una comparación de diez años Francesca Protti Sánchez 96 Efecto del ruido antropogénico sobre la bioacústica de las aves en un borde de bosque lluvioso en el pacífico sur de Costa Rica Daniel Arauz 104 Dinámica forestal en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre de Golfito, Costa Rica Luis Girón 112 Informes Individuales 125 Ambientes acuáticos Distribución espacial de Phylloicus (Calamoceratidae: Trichoptera) y de los tipos de casa según la corriente y el uso de hojas descompuestas para su construcción. Irene Calderón Sanou 126 Diversidad y tamaño de ninfas de Ephemeroptera según el tipo de sustrato en una quebrada en Golfito, Costa Rica. Jairo Moya Ramírez 139 Alometría de la quela mayor y apareamiento selectivo por tamaño en el camarón pistolero Alpheus colombiensis (Caridea: Alpheidae) Juan Carlos Azofeifa Solano 145 Cuido parental de la mojarra Amphilophus diquis (Pisces: Cichlidae) en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica Beatriz Naranjo Elizondo 156 Comunidad de renacuajos en los charcos a las orillas de la calle aledaña a un bosque secundario y sus posibles implicaciones en conservación Juan Ignacio Abarca Odio 169 Ambientes terrestres Construcción del nido, comportamiento social e historia natural de Euglossa cybelia (Apidae: Euglossini) en Golfito, Costa Rica. Diego Solano Brenes 181 Los frutos en descomposición de Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) como recurso importante para la macrofauna en un bosque muy húmedo Noelia Belfort Oconitrillo 195 Descripción del sistema de polinización y función de los frutos inmaduros en Conostegia subcrustulata (Melastomataceae - Miconieae) en bosque en regeneración en Golfito, Costa Rica Katherine Bonilla Badilla 200 Patrones de distribución y movilidad de las arañas semiacuáticas Trechaleidae en la Quebrada Corozal, Refugio de Vida Silvestre Golfito, Costa Rica. Laura Campos Esquivel 209 Palatabilidad de individuos juveniles de Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae) para diferentes depredadores Francesca Protti Sánchez 218 ii Utilización de muestreo de distancia y playbacks para estimar la abundancia y densidad de Thamnophilus bridgesii (Thamnophilidae) Daniel Arauz 227 Preferencia de uso entre Carludovica palmata y C.rotundifolia (Cyclanthaceae) por Dermanura watsoni (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Golfito, Costa Rica. Melissa Rodríguez Girón 234 Actividad de murciélagos insectívoros (Mammalia: Chiroptera) a diferentes mareas en bosque de mangle y bosque ripario Luis Girón 249 Cancionero 258 iii Presentación Desde su primera edición en 1995 el curso Biología de Campo se ha mantenido como uno de los más icónicos impartidos en la Escuela de Biología de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Su enfoque en el desarrollo de todas las etapas de la investigación de campo ha marcado la formación de numerosas generaciones de biólogos costarricenses y extranjeros que han contribuido al desarrollo académico y científico de sus respectivos países. En esta XII edición se mantiene la visión inicial con la cual este curso fue creado, exponer al estudiante al diseño, ejecución, análisis y divulgación de investigación de campo en las diferentes áreas de la biología tropical. A la fecha 194 estudiantes, 15 asistentes, 48 profesores y 9 coordinadores han colaborado en todas las ediciones del curso. En esta ocasión 15 estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado participaron de esta experiencia, en la cual se contó también con la participación de igual número de profesores. Este año el curso volvió en su totalidad a la ciudad de Golfito, un lugar privilegiado por la convergencia de diferentes ambientes que permiten una amplia oferta de posibilidades de trabajo. Los proyectos desarrollados en esta edición incluyen ambientes marinos, dulceacuícolas y terrestres, que contemplan desde la comunidad del fitoplancton en la columna de agua, hasta la comunidad de árboles del bosque lluvioso. Trabajos enfocados en comportamiento, alometría, poblaciones, bioacústica, comunidades, interacciones mutualistas y antagonistas, uso e influencia del ambiente en diversos grupos, entre otros temas fueron desarrollados durante el curso. Con esto se cumplió uno de sus principales objetivos, el entrenamiento de campo en la investigación en diversidad de temas y ambientes. Este curso solo fue posible gracias al apoyo de un gran número de personas, tanto visibles como anónimas en el área académica y administrativa que contribuyen al éxito de cada edición. A todos y todas las gracias por su indispensable colaboración. Agradecemos especialmente a Gustavo Gutiérrez, Viviana Lang y toda la Escuela de Biología por apoyar y financiar gran parte de los costos del curso. A la Sección de Transportes que posibilitó la movilización de los estudiantes y profesores, en especial nuestro agradecimiento a Audi Paniagua. Al personal del Recinto de Golfito, ya que gracias a su colaboración contamos con espacios para el alojamiento, trabajo y alimentación en la etapa de campo; nuestro más sincero agradecimiento a Georgina Morera, Mario Chacón y Alexander Castillo. A Guido Saborío y todo el personal de ACOSA por su colaboración para poder desarrollar el trabajo de campo. Finalmente, agradecemos a Marta del Río por su excelente cuchara y por su colaboración en muchos otros aspectos que contribuyeron al éxito logrado. iv Participantes Estudiantes Juan Ignacio Abarca Odio Daniel Arauz Naranjo Juan Carlos Azofeifa Solano Noelia Belfort Oconitrillo Katherine Bonilla Badilla Irene Calderón Sanou Laura Campos Esquivel Luis Girón Galván Jairo Moya Ramírez Beatriz Naranjo Elizondo Francesca Protti Sánchez Melissa Rodríguez Girón Diego Solano Brenes Bernardo Valenzuela Benavides José Zelaya Jiménez Profesores Visitantes Juan José Alvarado J. Edgardo Arévalo Gilbert Barrantes Mario Blanco Daniel Briceño Eduardo Chacón William Eberhard Paul Hanson Jorge Lobo Luis Sandoval Monika Springer Gerardo Umaña Asistente Álvaro Picado Zúñiga Coordinadores Mauricio Fernández Otárola Jeffrey A. Sibaja Cordero Federico Bolaños v Grupo de Biología de Campo 2015 Estudiantes Profesores visitantes (primer grupo) Asistente Coordinadores vi Los Estudiantes vii Beatriz Bernardo viii Daniel Diego Francesca ix Ignacio Irene x Jairo José xi Juan Carlos Katherine xii Laura Luis xiii Melissa Noelia xiv Álvaro (Asistente) z Federico (Coordinador) xv Jeffrey (Coordinador) Mauricio (Coordinador) xvi PROYECTOS GRUPALES 1 Composición de fitoplancton según gradientes ambientales de la Bahía de Golfito, Costa Rica Melissa Rodríguez-Girón1 1Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica; [email protected] Coordinador: Gerardo Umaña Resumen: El fitoplancton es responsable de la producción primaria en ecosistemas acuáticos y constituyen fuente de alimento para especies de interés comercial. En el presente estudio se determinó la composición de fitoplancton en tres sitios de la Bahía de Golfito, en los cuales se identificaron y contabilizaron los géneros por sitio de estudio. Se realizaron análisis bajo el índice de similitud de Bray- Curtis para evaluar la composición de fitoplancton entre y dentro de los sitios. En total para el estudio se contabilizaron 1575 individuos, pertenecientes a 40 géneros, siendo Navicula el género más común, encontrado dentro de las muestras de los tres sitios, seguido de Prorocentrum. Las muestras de la entrada de la bahía
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