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Acacia Loderi Acacia loderi NT Taxonomic Authority: Maiden Global Assessment Regional Assessment Region: Global Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names NEALIE English (Primary) BROKEN HILL GIDGEE English MYALL English NELIA English Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: FABALES Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name: Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority: Similar in habit to A. papyrocarpa but has narrower thicker leaves and narrower beaded pods. General Information Distribution Acacia loderi is endemic to Australia distributed mainly in New South Wales and in the borders with South Australia and Victoria. It occurs in western New South Wales west of Hillston and north to White Cliffs, extending into South Australia to Oakbank Station and Netley Gap; also in north-western Victoria near Merbein and Nathalia (Orchard and Wilson 2001). Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 430 Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 30 Antarctic Map Status: Depth Australasian Upper limit: Neotropical Lower limit: Oceanian Depth Zones Palearctic Shallow photic Bathyl Hadal Indomalayan Photic Abyssal Nearctic Population The major stands of A. loderi occur between Broken Hill, Ivanhoe and Wilcannia, while isolated stands occur beyond these areas. There is no information on total number of individuals, however there is a reported decline in the number of mature individuals and over much of the distribution there is relatively little regeneration of A. loderi. Some of the populations now consist of only rings of old trees (Pickard and Norris 1994; NSW Scientific Committee 2000). Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology A dense multi-trunked shrub to 3-5 m tall maturing into a tree 10 m tall. It grows in solonised brown and red soils, in low woodland and tall shrubland, sometimes associated with chenopods, Casuarina cristata or Acacia aneura. Large old individuals are particularly susceptible to killing by fire. Litter of bark, twigs, branches and wind blown plant material accumulate at the base of the plants burns during fires, killing the plants even though the canopy is barely scorched (Pickard and Norris 1994). System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative Terrestrial Freshwater Nomadic Congregatory/Dispersive Is the species a wild relative of a crop? Marine Migratory Altitudinally migrant Growth From Definition Shrub - large Perennial shrub (>1m), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m) Tree - small Small tree, also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m) Threats The Acacia loderi shrubland community (Nelia Shrublands) is listed as an Endangered Ecological Community in New South Wales. The main threats to this community include clearing of remnants of vegetation and lack of regeneration of Nelia due to heavy grazing pressure from stock and rabbits. Also inappropriate fire regimes and invasion of exotic weeds are affecting the habitat and directly impacting on the species. Even in conservation reserves, such as Kinchega National Park, grazing by rabbit has severely limited regeneration and flooding of the Menindee Lakes has resulted in the destruction of several populations (NSW Scientific Committee 2000, 2005). Past Present Future 1 Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced) 1.1 Agriculture 1.1.1 Crops 1.1.4 Livestock 1.5 Invasive alien species (directly impacting habitat) 1.7 Fires 2 Invasive alien species (directly affecting the species) 2.1 Competitors 2.2 Predators 9 Intrinsic factors 9.2 Poor recruitment/reproduction/regeneration 10 Human disturbance 10.5 Fire Conservation Measures Most remnant stands of the community are located on pastoral leases although small patches occur in conservation reserves including Mungo and Kinchega National Parks. The Acacia loderi shrubland community (Nelia Shrublands) is listed as an Endangered Ecological Community in New South Wales (NSW Scientific Committee 2000, 2005); it is considered to be Rare in South Australia (Government of South Australia 2007); it is listed as Vulnerable in Victoria (Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005), however it is not listed as threatened under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The seeds for this species have been collected as part of the Millennium Seed Bank project. Seeds are located at: Mount Annan Botanic Garden, New South Wales (Australia) and Wakehurst Place, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (UK). Recommended conservation measures include: control of grazing, adequate fire management, weed control, monitoring of habitat and further surveys to determine extant distribution old remanants. In Place Needed 1 Policy-based actions 1.1 Management plans 1.1.1 Development 1.1.2 Implementation 1.2 Legislation 1.2.1 Development 1.2.1.3 Sub-national level 2 Communication and Education 2.2 Awareness 3 Research actions 3.2 Population numbers and range 3.4 Habitat status 3.5 Threats 4 Habitat and site-based actions 4.2 Restoration 4.4 Protected areas 4.4.3 Management 5 Species-based actions 5.4 Recovery management 5.7 Ex situ conservation actions 5.7.2 Genome resource bank Countries of Occurrence PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly ExtinctPresence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Australia New South Wales South Australia Victoria General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 2 Savanna 1UnsetSuitable 2.1 Savanna - Dry1Unset Suitable 3 Shrubland 1UnsetSuitable 3.8 Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation1Unset Suitable Species Utilisation Species is not utilised at all Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 17. Unknown Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment:(using 2001 IUCN system) Near Threatened (NT) Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct? Possibly Extinct Candidate? Rationale for the Red List Assessment A. loderi is a tall shrub or tree endemic to Australia distributed mainly in New South Wales. With current data available only Criterion B could be applied for this assessment. The historical known range based on available herbarium specimens is large, but continuing degradation of the habitat, which is already highly fragmented, by overgrazing and fire regimes has lead to lack of regeneration and localised extinctions. It is therefore rated as Near Threatened. With further information on population decline and quantitative analysis indicating probability of extinction Criteria A and E may warrant a threatened category. According to the NSW Scientific Committee in view of the fragmented nature of many stands, the widespread lack of regeneration A. loderi, the continued threat of heavy grazing pressure and further clearing, Acacia loderi Shrublands are likely to become extinct in nature unless conservatino measures are put in place (NSW Scientific Committee 2000). Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment: Genuine Change Nongenuine Change No Change Genuine (recent) New information Taxonomy Same category Genuine (since first assessment) Knowledge of Criteria Criteria Revisio and criteria Incorrect data used Other Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Decreasing Date of Assessment: 27/07/2011 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Malcolm, P. Evaluator(s): Notes: % population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals: Bibliography A.E. Orchard and A.J.G. Wilson, 2001, Mimosaceae, Acacia part 2, Flora of Australia Volume 11B, , ABRS, Canberra Commonwealth of Australia, 1999, Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)10 June 2010, , , Department of Sustainability and Environment, 2005, Advisory List of Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria - 2005, Department of Sustainability and Environment, , , East Melbourne Entwisle, T.L., Maslin, B.R., Cowan, R.S. And Court, A.B., 1996, Mimosaceae, Flora of Victoria, N.G. Walsh and T.J. Entwisle, , Inkata Press, Melbourne Government of South Australia, 2007, Electronic Flora of South Australia species Fact Sheet - Acacia loderi, Department of Environment and Natural resources, , , Moore, P., 2005, A guide to plants of inland Australia, , Reed New Holland, Sydney NSW Scientific Committee, 2000, Acacia loderi shrublands - endangered ecological community listing. NSW Scientific Committee - final determination, , , NSW Scientific Committee, 2005, Nelia Shrublands - profile, Threatened species, population and ecological communities of NSW, DEC (NSW)April 2011, , , Pickard, J. and Norris, E.H., 1994, The natural vegetation of north-western NSW: notes to accompany the 1:1000000 vegetation map sheet, Cunninghamia3, 423-465, , Westbrooke, M.E. and Miller, J.D., 1995, Vegetation of Mungo National Park, western NSW., Cunninghamia, 63-81, , Westbrooke, M.E., Kerr, M.K.C. and Leversha, J., 2001, The vegetation of Kinchega National Park, western New South Wales, Cunninghamia1, 1-25, , Whibley, J.E., 1986, Mimosoideae, Flora of South Australia, J.P. Jessop and H.R. Tolken, , South Australia Government Printing Division, Adelaide.
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