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G.C. Oeder's Conflict with Linnaeus and the Implementation of Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Ideas in the Monumental Flora Danica
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71(Suppl. 2):53-85. 2019 53 doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl. 2).2019-07 G.C. Oeder’s conflict with Linnaeus and the implementation of taxonomic and nomenclatural ideas in the monumental Flora Danica project (1761–1883) I. Friis Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK–2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Hitherto unpublished parts of the history of the Icones … Florae Danicae (1761–1883), one of the largest illustrated botanical works published, are analysed; it covered the entire flora of the double monarchy of Denmark–Norway, Schleswig and Holstein and the North Atlantic dependencies. A study of the little noticed taxonomic and nomenclatural principles behind the Icones is presented. G.C. Oeder, founder of the project, approved the ideas of Buffon and Haller and rejected Linnaean binary nomenclature because of its lack of stability of genera. In the Icones …, Oeder cited all names used for each plant in chronological order, with the binary Linnaean name last, to which principle Linnaeus reacted. By the end of the 18th century, Linnaean nomenclature had become standard, apart from in Flora Danica and a very few other botanical works. Applying Linnaean nomenclature elsewhere, O.F. Müller, editor 1775–1782, and M. Vahl, editor 1787–1799, followed Oeder’s norm in the Icones. J.W. Hornemann, editor 1810–1840, followed Oeder in his first fascicles, but began experimenting with changes towards Linnaean nomenclature from 1810. After 1840, subsequent editors consistently applied Linnaean principles for accepted names and synonyms. Keywords. Accepted names, genera, natural classification, species, synonymy Introduction In his excellent monograph on how the Linnaean reforms gained general acceptance among botanists, Stafleu (1971: 260) specifically stated that he left out a discussion of C.G. -
4/2008 ÅRGANG 66 ISSN 0006-5269 I DETTE NUMMER: BLYTTIANORSK BOTANISK Dermed Er Blyttias 66
BLYTTIA NORSK BOTANISK FORENINGS TIDSSKRIFT JOURNAL OF THE NORWEGIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY 4/2008 ÅRGANG 66 ISSN 0006-5269 http://www.nhm.uio.no/botanisk/nbf/blyttia/ I DETTE NUMMER: BLYTTIANORSK BOTANISK Dermed er Blyttias 66. årgang ved veis ende. Et riktig FORENINGS kledelig julebilde på forsida viser til en viktig artikkel TIDSSKRIFT om status og tendens til urskogslaven huldrestry i artens klassiske områder i Nordmarka ved Oslo. Det står slett ikke så bra til, skriver Jørund og Erlend Rolstad på side Redaktør: Jan Wesenberg. I redaksjonen: Trond Grø- 208. Og her er noe av det andre i dette heftet: stad, Klaus Høiland, Maria Ladstein, Tor H. Melseth, Mats G Nettelbladt, Finn Wischmann Vår lille moseliknende er Engelskspråklig konsulent: Paul Shimmings bregne, hinnebregne, et godt eksempel på en Postadresse: Blyttia, Naturhistorisk museum, postboks 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo oseanisk art. Arvid Odland beskriver på side 214 nye Telefon: 90 88 86 83 innergrenser for arten i Hor- Faks: 22 85 18 35; merk førstesida «BLYTTIA» daland og Rogaland. Arten E-mail: [email protected] kan godt komme til å øke sitt Hjemmeside: http://www.nhm.uio.no/botanisk/nbf/blyttia/ Blyttia er grunnlagt i 1943, og har sitt navn etter to sentrale areal som følge av klimaend- norske botanikere på 1800-tallet, Mathias Numsen Blytt ringene, skriver han. (1789–1862) og Axel Blytt (1843–1898). © Norsk Botanisk Forening. ISSN 0006-5269. Sats: Blyt- En ny lang tidsserie på tia-redaksjonen. Trykk og ferdiggjøring: Prinfo Porsgrunn, noe vi alle stadig går forbi Jernbanegata 7, 3916 Porsgrunn. er grunnlaget for Sigmund Ettertrykk fra Blyttia er tillatt såfremt kilde oppgis. -
Dokumentvorlage Verh.Bot.Ver.Berlin Brandenburg
5 Verh. Bot. Ver. Berlin Brandenburg 148: 5-30, Berlin 2015 CARL LUDWIG WILLDENOW (1765-1812) – einer der letzten Linneaner – und der Berliner Botanische Garten* Gerhard Wagenitz Zusammenfassung CARL LUDWIG WILLDENOW, der fast sein ganzes Leben in Berlin verbrachte, gehörte zu seiner Zeit zu den einflussreichsten Pflanzensystematikern. Seine Arbeitsweise folgte der von LINNÉ, die einleitend geschildert wird. Sein Hauptwerk war eine stark erweiterte Neu- auflage von dessen Species plantarum. Das Pflanzenmaterial hierzu erhielt er vor allem von einer großen Zahl von Korrespondenten. Die erhaltenen Samen und Stecklinge zog er im Botanischen Garten in Schöneberg bei Berlin an. Der vorher ganz heruntergekommene Garten wurde in nur zehn Jahren unter seiner Leitung zu einem der artenreichsten in Europa. Sehr einflussreich war auch sein Lehrbuch der Botanik mit dem Titel Grundriss der Kräu- terkunde. Summary CARL LUDWIG WILLDENOW living in Berlin for most of his life was a renowned plant sys- tematist of his time. As a follower of LINNÉ he described many new genera and species in his edition of the Species plantarum and in other works. He had a lively correspondence with many colleagues sending him seeds and cuttings which he cultivated in the Botanical Garden at Schöneberg near Berlin. He developed this rather degenerated place within ten years into a garden rich in species seeking his match in Europe. Of great influence also was his text-book of outlines in botany Grundriss der Kräuterkunde. 1. Einleitung Im 18. Jahrhundert war das Hauptziel der Botanik die Erfassung der Mannigfaltig- keit, der Biodiversität, wie wir heute meist sagen. Dieses Ziel ist noch immer vor- handen; natürlich sind die Mittel, es zu erreichen, jetzt in vieler Hinsicht andere. -
Martin Vahl (1749-1804) – Den Første Norske Botanikkprofessor
Blyttia Norges Botaniske Annaler Martin Vahl (1749-1804) – den første norske botanikkprofessor Per M. Jørgensen Jørgensen, Per M. 1999. Martin Vahl (1749-1804) – den første norske botanikkprofessor. Blyttia 57: 53-60. Martin Vahl (1749-1804) – the first Norwegian professor of botany. This paper commemorates the 250th anniversary of the birth of the Norwegian botanist Martin Vahl, present- ing the known facts about his childhood and youth in Bergen, his study years in Copenhagen and Uppsala (with Linnaeus 1770-1774)) and his scientific activity, mainly as professor in Copenhagen(1786-1804). His main contribution is that of preparing and publishing several fascicles of the prestigious «Flora danica», comprising both flowering plants and cryptogams, particularly fungi and lichens, and describing plants from exotic regions of interest to the Danish Crown (West Indies, West Africa and India (Tranquebar)), altogether 1100 new species. He was also occupied with redescribing the original material of Linnaeus to clarify the numerous misunderstandings that he had seen during travels in Europe, as contemporary botanists mainly relied on the illustrations cited by Linnaeus. However, Vahl died before he had finished this task, leaving his main work, «Enumeratio Plantarum», unfinished. At his death he had a position among European botanists rather like that of his teacher Linnaeus. Per M. Jørgensen, Botanisk institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5017 Bergen. Feil i overskriften? Den første norske botanikk- professor var vel Christen Smith, han som døde på Kongofloden i 1816, før han rakk å tiltre profes- soratet (Lynge 1951). Joda, han var den første som ble professor i faget ved Det kgl. -
Peter Thonning and Denmark's Guinea Commission
Peter Thonning and Denmark’s Guinea Commission Atlantic World Europe, Africa and the Americas, 1500–1830 Edited by Benjamin Schmidt University of Washington and Wim Klooster Clark University VOLUME 24 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/aw Peter Thonning and Denmark’s Guinea Commission A Study in Nineteenth-Century African Colonial Geography By Daniel Hopkins LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover illustration: View of the plantation Frederiksberg, near Fort Christiansborg, early 1800s. RAKTS, Rtk. 337,716 (Courtesy the Danish National Archives [Rigsarkivet]). Library of Congress Control Number: 2012952821 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual "Brill" typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1570-0542 ISBN 978-90-04-22868-9 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-23199-3 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. -
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK–2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
G.C. Oeder's conflict with Linnaeus and the implementation of taxonomic and nomenclatural ideas in the monumantal Flora Danica project Friis, Ib Published in: Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore Publication date: 2019 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Friis, I. (2019). G.C. Oeder's conflict with Linnaeus and the implementation of taxonomic and nomenclatural ideas in the monumantal Flora Danica project. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, 71((Supplement 2), 53-85. https://www.nparks.gov.sg/sbg/research/publications/gardens-bulletin-singapore/-/media/sbg/gardens- bulletin/gbs_71_s2_y2019/71_s2_07_y2019_v71s2_gbs_pg53.pdf Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71(Suppl. 2):53-85. 2019 53 doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl. 2).2019-07 G.C. Oeder’s conflict with Linnaeus and the implementation of taxonomic and nomenclatural ideas in the monumental Flora Danica project (1761–1883) I. Friis Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK–2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Hitherto unpublished parts of the history of the Icones … Florae Danicae (1761–1883), one of the largest illustrated botanical works published, are analysed; it covered the entire flora of the double monarchy of Denmark–Norway, Schleswig and Holstein and the North Atlantic dependencies. A study of the little noticed taxonomic and nomenclatural principles behind the Icones is presented. G.C. Oeder, founder of the project, approved the ideas of Buffon and Haller and rejected Linnaean binary nomenclature because of its lack of stability of genera. In the Icones …, Oeder cited all names used for each plant in chronological order, with the binary Linnaean name last, to which principle Linnaeus reacted. -
Book Review: Jens Rathke – a Scientific Traveller
Øivind Larsen Book review: Jens Rathke – a scientific traveller Michael 2006;3:73–5. Jarnæs J (ed.) Jens Rathkes beretning fra oppholdet på Madeira og i Por- tugal i 1798-1799. Oslo: Solum, 2005. 293 pp. ISBN 82-560-1506-3. Price: NOK 320,-. Sometimes, travel diaries may survive for centuries and their contents even gain in interest as time goes by. Here is an ex- ample: The scientist Jens Rathke (1769-1855) was one of the most remarkable personal- ities in the period when a national aca- demic world should be built up in Nor- way, following the establishing of a national University in the capital of Christiania in 1811 and the independ- ence from Denmark in 1814. Rathke was attending the Cathedral School in Christiania until 1787, then moved to Copenhagen, became a student and received his degree in theol- ogy from the University of Copenhagen in 1792. However, in Copenhagen there was a flourishing environment for stud- ies in natural sciences, even if these disciplines were not represented at the University. There was a private society for natural history, where famous scientists, such as the botanist Martin Vahl (1749-1804) and the zoologist Peter Christian Abildgaard (1740-1801) were giving lessons to interested students. Examinations were also arranged. Jens Rathke had been fasci- nated by natural science, started research on his own, and could already I NTERDISCIPLINARITY 73 1794 present an important work on the anatomy of a fresh water mussel (Anodonta anatina). His achievements in natural history made him an ob- vious choice when the conditions for the fisheries along the Norwegian coast should be studied, and ha was sent out by the government on exten- sive travels, resulting in reports with lasting value for the development of the Danish-Norwegian, later Norwegian fishing industry. -
The Mycological Legacy of Elias Magnus Fries
The mycological legacy of Elias Magnus Fries Petersen, Ronald H.; Knudsen, Henning Published in: IMA Fungus DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.04 Publication date: 2015 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Petersen, R. H., & Knudsen, H. (2015). The mycological legacy of Elias Magnus Fries. IMA Fungus, 6(1), 99- 114. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.04 Download date: 08. apr.. 2020 IMA FUNGUS · 6(1): 99–114 (2015) doi:10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.04 ARTICLE The mycological legacy of Elias Magnus Fries Ronald H. Petersen1, and Henning Knudsen2 1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996–1100 USA; corresponding author e–mail: [email protected] 2Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 2 C, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract: The taxonomic concepts which originated with or were accepted by Elias Magnus Fries Key words: were presented during his lifetime in the printed word, illustrative depiction, and in collections of dried Biography specimens. This body of work was welcomed by the mycological and botanical communities of his time: Fungi students and associates aided Fries and after his passing carried forward his taxonomic ideas. His legacy Systema mycologicum spawned a line of Swedish and Danish mycologists intent on perpetuating the Fries tradition: Hampus Taxonomy von Post, Lars Romell, Seth Lundell and John Axel Nannfeldt in Sweden; Emil Rostrup, Severin Petersen Uppsala and Jakob Lange in Denmark. Volumes of color paintings and several exsiccati, most notably one edited by Lundell and Nannfeldt attached fungal portraits and preserved specimens (and often photographs) to Fries names. -
Catálogo Da Flora De Galicia
Catálogo da flora de Galicia María Inmaculada Romero Buján Catálogo da Flora de Galicia María Inmaculada Romero Buján GI-1934 TTB Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Monografías do IBADER - Lugo 2008 Catálogo da Flora de Galicia Primeria edición: 2008 Autor: María Inmaculada Romero Buján A efectos bibliográficos a obra debe citarse: Romero Buján, M.I. (2008). Catálogo da flora de Galicia. Monografías do Ibader 1. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Lugo Deseño e Maquetación: L. Gómez-Orellana Fotografía: M.I. Romero Buján; J. Amigo Vazquez; M.A. Rodríguez Guitián Ilustracións: L. Gómez-Orellana ISSN edición impresa: 1888-5810 ISSN edición digital: http://www.ibader.org Depósito Legal: C 173-2008 Edita: IBADER. Instituto de de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n. E-27002 Lugo, Galicia. http://www.ibader.org Imprime: Litonor Copyright: Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER). Colabora: Índice Limiar 7 Introdución 11 Material e métodos 11 Resultados 12 Agradecementos 14 Catálogo 15 Bibliografía 129 Anexo I - Plantas que requiren a confirmación dá súa presenza en Galicia 137 Anexo II - Índice de nomes de autores 138 Anexo III - Índice de nomes científicos 143 Limiar El que vivimos es tiempo en el que deslumbran los grandes avances de la ciencia en la escala de lo más grande y de lo más pequeño. Las grandes conquistas en estos planos y la repercusión que han tenido y tienen sobre la humanidad son causa del halo que les acompaña, pero con frecuencia, ese mismo halo ciega a quienes se mueven en esos campos, a quienes los valoran o los que los difunden y divulgan en los medios de comunicación, también a los receptores de las noticias que dan esos medios. -
Botanic Garden Profile: Botanical Garden of the University of Oslo, Norway
SIBBALDIA: 15 The Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, No. 13 BOTANIC GARDEN PROFILE : BOTANICAL GARDEN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY Axel Dalberg Poulsen1 ABSTRACT The Botanical Garden in Oslo was established in 1814 and is the oldest part of the Natural History Museum, one of the two museums of the University of Oslo. To celebrate the bicentenary, the Museum decided to launch an ambitious programme of events covering the entire year and adding several new permanent assets. This paper provides a brief history of and current information about the Garden and describes the previously existing and new features, along with a map of the Garden. The bicentenary celebrations raised the profile of the Garden enormously in Norway, and it experi- enced a huge increase in visitor numbers as well as extensive media coverage. The increased popularity of the Garden and the expected future rise in population in the neighbouring suburbs simultaneously challenge the Garden to satisfy the need for green space as well as providing scien- tifically based information which reinforces the importance of plants. HISTORY The Botanical Garden of the University of Oslo (BGUO) was established on 1 June 1814, only two weeks after the constitution of Norway was signed and less than three years after the university itself. King Frederik VI of the union of Denmark and Norway bought the Manor of Tøyen and its estate. He donated it to the university in 1812 with the intention that it should include the campus of the new university. Instead, it was decided to establish a botanic garden, although only around 5 per cent of the estate (7.5 ha) was designated for this purpose. -
Cuaderno De Actividades.Pmd
Cuaderno de Actividades Canarias, otra mirada: viajeros, exploradores y naturalistas Miguel Hernández (ed.) Fundación Canaria Orotava de Historia de la Ciencia 2007 Edición: Miguel Hernández González Diseño y maquetación: Miguel Hernández González De la edición: Fundación Canaria Orotava de Historia de la Ciencia, 2007 De los textos: los autores De las imágenes: sus propietarios ISBN: 978-84-612-1069-5 Depósito legal: Fundación Canaria Orotava de Historia de la Ciencia C/ Calvario 17. 38300 La Orotava. Santa Cruz de Tenerife Teléfono: 922 322862 Fax: 922 334475 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/educacion/fundoro Preámbulo Este CUADERNO DE ACTIVIDADES se inscribe en el Proyecto Canarias, otra mirada: viajeros, exploradores y naturalistas que, bajo la dirección de Miguel Hernández González, José M. Oliver Frade y Alberto Relancio Menéndez, se ha desarrollado gracias a un convenio suscrito entre la Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innova- ción y Sociedad de la Información (anteriormente, Oficina de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Gobierno de Canarias) y la Fundación Canaria Orotava de Historia de la Ciencia. La ejecución de este Proyecto se ha llevado a cabo en el marco de los trabajos que vienen realizando el Grupo Digital de la citada Fundación y los miembros del Proyecto de Investigación HUM2005-05785 del Plan Nacional I+D que financia el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia con la participación del Fondo Europeo de Desa- rrollo Regional. Con este proyecto se pretende incidir, a través de distintas actividades y publica- ciones, en el relevante papel que desempeñaron las Islas Canarias dentro del con- texto científico europeo a lo largo de los siglos XVIII, XIX e inicios del XX. -
In the Canary Islands (Cp
Notes on the Genus Umbilicus DC. by Per Sunding Botanical Garden, University of Oslo, Norway (recibido en la redacción: 13.1.1968) RESUMEN Notas wbre el G4nero Urnbilicus DC. en las Islas Canurias: Según citaciones de diferentes autores tratando la flora canaria, nombres de varias especies de este género aparecen, como UmZ~ilicuso (su sin6niino) Cotyledan. De acuerdo con in- vestigaciones modernas el número de especies citadas alcanza a ocho, mientras que probablemente sólo dos especies ocurren de verdad en la flora del archipié- lago: Utnbilicus I~orizontalis(Guss.) DC., U. heylaridian-s W et B. En los demás casos, generalmente, se trata de errores en la deterrninacion de especies. Yara tacili- tar la clasificación de Umbilicus en Canarias, una tabla-clave es presentado en la pág. 16. When studying the botanical literature on the Canary Islands one will discover that quite a lot of different species of the genus Umbilicus have been reported from the archipe- lago. Very often, however, each author only mentions one sin- gle or two species in his treatise. Obviously the various na- mes have been used with different meanings by the various authors. From herbarium material it will be seen that erro- neous identifications of specimens of the genus are frequent, and older literature records obviously must be used with great care. The problem thus arises over which species of the genus really do occur in the Canary Islands (cp. Lems 1960: 40). During phytosociological field work in Gran Canaria in 1965, 1966, and 1967 the genus was studied and collected ea- gerly. Later collections of the genus from the Canary Islands and other parts of Macaronesia in severa1 European herbaria (using the Stardard abbreviations of Index Herbariorum C19641, the herbaria of O, GB, C, K, HAMU, B, and HEID) were studied.