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The Fellowship magazine of The Geological Society of London Volume 20 • No 3 • March 2010 Earth’s non-collapsing ice sheets When Memphis rocked Sir Peter Kent 2010 Read itNEW! first atRead Geoscientist it first at GeoscientistOnline - www.geolsoc.org.uk/geoscientist Online - www.geolsoc.org.uk from the editor The Fellows’ voice It ill-behoves editors to go around boasting about their organs. Ted Nield wishes to make an exception... In January, we published an opinion piece by Rick Brassington included an unusual and highly sophisticated settlement, about his vision for the future of Chartership. Rick does not hold designed to ensure Geoscientist’s editorial independence. Under any office in the Society and his views were his own. Like all this arrangement, Geoscientist was not to be the Society’s good opinion pieces it was trenchant and held the attention. mouthpiece, an institutional Pravda that was the creature of Moreover it explored a sensitive issue, guaranteed to make our President, Officers, Council and secretariat in Burlington House. Fellows lay aside their hammers and pick up their cudgels. Instead it was to be the magazine of the Fellowship, with an Should Chartership remain an “optional extra”, available to those independent Editor-in-Chief who would be a senior and who find it useful in their professional lives, or should the respected figure with no continuing connections to the Society’s Society move towards expecting all those who practise as governance – a post held today by former President, Professor professional geoscientists to become CGeols?. Tony Harris. Airing controversial issues, both political and scientific, is what That enlightened arrangement continues, and Geoscientist this magazine is for. We do our best to stir things up, and to get operates as a Fourth Estate within the Society, a forum for the our readers writing. For example, dissenting voices from Fellowship as a whole, dedicated to providing a public space Australia about some of the assumptions underlying the climate where controversial ideas can be aired without the stifling change consensus (see Feature, this issue) exemplify the burden of having always to bear the Society’s official imprimatur. broader, scientific issues with which we deal. This makes us no Thus, all the views expressed in our pages are, unless stated different from any other news magazine – though it does make otherwise, those of the authors – as it says in the small print on us very different from the sort of membership newsletters you page 31 of every issue. might receive from other societies. The reason for this This is what makes Geoscientist a magazine, not a mere newsletter difference goes back, like Chartership, to the merger in 1991 – and is why (we think) Geoscientist is rather more fun than most between the Society and the Institution of Geologists (IG), which organisations’ bulletins. It is also why our articles may made the Society a professional as well as a scientific body. occasionally make you frown as well as smile. But please, if you One of the things that merger brought to the Society was a do complain, do not make the mistake of thinking that by magazine – something it had always sorely lacked. The IG had publishing them in Geoscientist, the Society has somehow “seen become rightly proud of their British Geologist,and to assuage fit to align itself” with the views you find objectionable. In a free fears that its new incarnation, renamed Geoscientist, might be democracy, even the most pro-establishment paper does not hijacked by the Geol Soc Establishment, the merger deal print the party line. Geoscientist The magazine of The Geological Society of London Geoscientist is published by The Geological Society Publishing House, Unit 7, Brassmill Enterprise Centre, Brassmill Lane, Bath BA1 3JN Tel: 01225 445046, Fax: 01225 442836 Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief: Professor Tony Harris, Editor: Dr Ted Nield, Features Editor: Dr Robin Cocks, Editorial Adviser: Dr Joe McCall Contributing Editor: Dr Sue Bowler, Reviews Editor: Dr Martin Degg, Council Representative: Dr Jonathan Turner Fellowship Queries The Geological Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BG Tel:+44 (0)20 7434 9944, Fax: +44 (0)20 7439 8975, Email: [email protected], Society website: www.geolsoc.org.uk Library Tel: +44 (0)20 7432 0999, Fax: +44 (0)20 7439 3470, Email: [email protected]. Cover: Are the ice sheets of the Earth really collapsing? Cliff Advertising Society Media Sales Ltd, Unit 25, The Coach House, 2 Upper York Street, Bristol BS2 8QN Tel 0117 923 2951 Fax 0117 923 2467 Ollier doesn’t think so. In fact, he Email: [email protected] says, they can’t. Photo: Pat Quilty (University of Tasmania). Designed and printed by City Print (Milton Keynes) Ltd, 17 Denbigh Hall, Bletchley, Milton Keynes MK3 7QT Tel: 01908 377085, Fax 01908 649335 Email: [email protected] ©The Geological Society of London is a Registered Charity, number 210161 ISSN 0961-5628 Trustees of the Geological Society of London Prof L E Frostick (President); Prof P A Allen (Secretary, Science); Dr I D Bartholomew (Vice President); Mr M Brown; Mr M Daly; Prof E Derbyshire (Secretary, Foreign & External Affairs); Prof A J Fleet (Treasurer); Prof C M R Fowler; Dr R Herrington; Dr R Hughes; Dr A Law; Prof A Lord; Dr B Lovell (President-designate); Dr J Ludden; Mr P Maliphant; Prof D Manning (Secretary, Professional Matters); Prof S B Marriott (Vice President); Prof J D Marshall; Prof S K Monro; Dr G Tuckwell (Vice President); Dr J P Turner (Secretary, Publications); Prof D Vaughan; Mr N Walton. Cert no. TT-COC-002204 2 Geoscientist Soapbox would always wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) of the day. This would typically consist of an oversized labcoat and even more over-sized safety Now children, glasses seemingly developed for observing the nuclear test programs of the 1950s. don’t try this at home! However in addition, the presenters would also add the cautionary phrase:“Now children, don’t try this at home!” Matthew McGann is worried by the Fortunately I survived my childhood and since then have been incredibly privileged to have been able to work all over the world, including in developing countries. I cavalier attitudes to safety sometimes immensely enjoy the experiences I have had; but there are however many issues portrayed in published illustrations. associated with work in developing countries, and a lot of them revolve around health and safety. (Though that said, I am still convinced that the most dangerous aspect of the supposed “drug-dent” capitals of South America is the regular absence of manhole covers.) In my various roles I have always been responsible for the health and safety of the people I work with. This task takes on a special level of difficulty when most of the people one works with perhaps did not have access to television as children, or they did not like to watch the programs on home-based atomic testing that I enjoyed, and hence never heard the ubiquitous cautionary safety message. At work every single day I have to keep vigilant and explain why doing something in a certain way could be dangerous. I think we have all seen the emails of someone standing on a ladder in a swimming–pool with an electric drill, these types of activities really do occur. Researchers unwisely inspecting an unsupported excavation. With this in mind it is always with great disappointment that I see photographs in On no account should anyone, ever, do this, whether they are Geoscientist showing researchers doing “dangerous” things, like inspecting wearing hard hats or not. unsupported test pits. The folks doing the fieldwork that these articles summarise need to set the best example possible, especially when the local populations comes I am sure that the vast majority of Geoscientist readers (and out to inspect the proceedings. Equally Geoscientist has a responsibility not to the population of the western world in general) grew up publish photos of these acts without at the very least the catchcry of “Now children watching TV programmes during which “dangerous” scientific don’t try this at home!”. experiments where undertaken “before your very eyes”. These experiments generally involved mixing regular Editor writes: Matthew is quite right of course. We do our best not to show pictures household chemicals and often required the use of a showing unsafe practices, but occasionally one slips through. For this reason, we microwave oven or crème brulée blowtorch. However, as an are very sorry for showing the attached picture in a recent feature. We show it addict of these programs I distinctly remember that presenters here again only as an example of how not to inspect a trial pit in unconsolidated sediment. Soapbox - is open to contributions from all Fellows. You can always write a letter to the Editor, of course; but perhaps you feel you need more space? If you can write it entertainingly in 500 words, the Editor would like to hear from you. Email your piece, and a self-portrait, to [email protected]. Copy can only be accepted electronically. No diagrams, tables or other illustrations please. Contents 14 Geonews - When Memphis rocked by 22 Feature - Glaciers - science and 4 People Ian Randall nonsense by Cliff Ollier Geocientist in the news and on the move 10 Opinion Reviews 13 Geonews News items relevant to the interests of working geologists 22 Society at large What your Society is doing at home and abroad, in London and the regions 29 Calendar Online specials! A forward plan of Society activities Opinion: Panthalassa – ocean of ignorance, by Joe McCall 31 Crossword Opinion: The Origin of the Caribbean Plate - read new contributions Win a special publication of your choice Opinion: CSci – the case for revalidation, by Mary Arbuthnot Society News: Challenged by Carbon - event review by Ian Randall Volume 20 • No.