Port Alberni Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) Cycle Six Interpretive Report
March 2013
Prepared for: Catalyst Paper Corporation Port Alberni, British Columbia
#200 - 850 Harbourside Drive, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7P 0A3 • Tel: 1.604.926.3261 • Fax: 1.604.926.5389 • www.hatfi eldgroup.com
PORT ALBERNI ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING (EEM) CYCLE SIX INTERPRETIVE REPORT
Prepared for:
CATALYST PAPER CORPORATION PORT ALBERNI DIVISION 4000 STAMP AVENUE PORT ALBERNI, BC V9Y 5J7
Prepared by:
HATFIELD CONSULTANTS SUITE 200 – 850 HARBOURSIDE DRIVE NORTH VANCOUVER, BC V7P 0A3
MARCH 2013
PA1630.1
Suite 200 – 850 Harbourside Drive, North Vancouver, BC, Canada V7P 0A3 • Tel: 1.604.926.3261 • Fax: 1.604.926.5389 • www.hatfieldgroup.com TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ...... iii LIST OF FIGURES ...... iv LIST OF APPENDICES ...... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... viii DISTRIBUTION LIST ...... ix
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1
2.0 MILL, STUDY AREA, AND CYCLE SIX DESIGN UPDATE ...... 2-1 2.1 MILL OPERATIONS ...... 2-1 2.1.1 Process Description and Update ...... 2-1 2.1.2 Effluent Quality ...... 2-5 2.1.3 Spills to the Receiving Environment ...... 2-6 2.1.4 Study Area Updates ...... 2-6 2.2 CYCLE SIX STUDY DESIGN UPDATE ...... 2-6
3.0 SUBLETHAL TOXICITY TESTING OF MILL EFFLUENT ...... 3-1 3.1 METHODS ...... 3-2 3.1.1 General Methods and Definitions ...... 3-2 3.1.2 Sublethal Toxicity Test Methods ...... 3-2 3.1.3 Zones of Effluent Concentration ...... 3-3 3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...... 3-4 3.2.1 Echinoderm Fertilization Test ...... 3-4 3.2.2 Algal Reproduction Test ...... 3-4 3.2.3 Potential Zone of Sublethal Effect ...... 3-5 3.3 CONCLUSIONS ...... 3-6
4.0 EFFECTS ON FISH POPULATIONS ...... 4-1 4.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 4-1 4.2 PROGRAM DESIGN ...... 4-2 4.3 METHODS ...... 4-2 4.3.1 Archival Tagging Program ...... 4-2 4.3.2 Hydroacoustic Surveys ...... 4-7 4.3.3 Supporting Environmental Variables ...... 4-10 4.4 RESULTS ...... 4-11 4.4.1 Archival Tagging Program ...... 4-11 4.4.2 Hydroacoustic Surveys ...... 4-18 4.4.3 2012 Hydroacoustic Results ...... 4-18 4.5 DISCUSSION ...... 4-25
5.0 CONCLUSIONS ...... 5-1
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) i Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 5.1 SUBLETHAL TOXICITY OF EFFLUENT ...... 5-1 5.2 EFFECTS OF LOW DISSOLVED OXYGEN ON MIGRATING FISH POPULATIONS ...... 5-1
6.0 CLOSURE ...... 6-1
7.0 REFERENCES ...... 7-1
8.0 GLOSSARY ...... 8-1
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) ii Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Annual results for process effluent quality variables, Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division, 1999 to 2012...... 2-4
Table 4.1 Summary of sampling data for the archival tagging program, Alberni Inlet 2012...... 4-4
Table 4.2 Range of temperatures experienced by migrating sockeye salmon during each tagging event, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Six...... 4-13
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) iii Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Location of Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division, on Alberni Inlet, Vancouver Island, BC...... 2-3
Figure 2.2 Annual production and effluent flows from 1993 to 2012 Catalyst Paper Corporation, Port Alberni Division...... 2-5
Figure 2.3 Mean daily total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in effluent, Catalyst Paper Corporation, Port Alberni Division, 1970 to 2012...... 2-7
Figure 3.1 Effect of exposure to Catalyst Paper Ltd., Port Alberni Division effluent on Echinoderm fertilization expressed as IC25 ±95% confidence limits, EEM Cycle Six...... 3-4
Figure 3.2 Effect of exposure to Catalyst Paper Ltd., Port Alberni Division effluent on Champia reproduction expressed as IC25 ±95% confidence limits, EEM Cycle Six...... 3-5
Figure 3.3 Geometric means of IC25 and LC50 results from sublethal toxicity tests of Catalyst Paper Ltd, Port Alberni Division effluent for EEM Cycle One through Cycle Six...... 3-6
Figure 4.1 Sampling locations for archival tagging program, Alberni Inlet, July 2012...... 4-5
Figure 4.2 Location of hydroacoustic survey transects, Alberni Inlet, July 25 and August 7, 2012...... 4-9
Figure 4.3 Average, maximum and minimum migration rates of sockeye salmon migrating through Alberni Inlet to the Somass River, July 2012...... 4-13
Figure 4.4 Box plots of temperature experiences of the 33 sockeye tagged in Alberni Inlet and captured in the Somass River...... 4-15
Figure 4.5 Thermal history of representative sockeye tagged in Alberni Inlet on July 4 , 10, 17 and 18 2012, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Six...... 4-16
Figure 4.6 Percent of total hours in water of defined temperature experienced by migrating sockeye salmon in Alberni Inlet, July 2012...... 4-17
Figure 4.7 Percent abundance of sockeye salmon detected along the 2012 hydroacoustic survey transects, July 2012...... 4-19
Figure 4.8 2012 Somass River sockeye escapement results: escapement numbers determined from electronic counters on the Somass, Sproat and Stamp Rivers between May and September 2012...... 4-19
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) iv Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.9 Proportion of SLTs occupying defined depth ranges along hydroacoustic survey transects of upper Alberni inlet, July 2012...... 4-20
Figure 4.10 Temperature contours over water depth and time based on measurements collected at five stations in Alberni Inlet in June, July and August 2012; bottom graph shows Somass and Stamp River discharge rates in 2012...... 4-23
Figure 4.11 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) contours over water depth and time based on measurements collected at five stations in Alberni Inlet in June, July and August 2012; Bottom graph shows Somass and Stamp River discharge rates in 2012...... 4-24
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) v Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A1 Sublethal Toxicity Data and Calculations
Appendix A2 iBCOD Tag Temperature Data
Appendix A3 Tag Reward Poster
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) vi Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Primary investigators for the Cycle Six program for Catalyst Paper Corp, Port Alberni Division, from Hatfield Consultants included Colin Schwindt and Martin Davies. Susan Stanley prepared the maps, and Tania Pye assisted with report production. Additional primary investigators from Fisheries and Oceans Canada included Kim Hyatt, Rick Ferguson, Dianna McHugh and Lee Kearey who completed the hydroacoustic surveys and assisted with the tagging program.
Thanks are due to the following people who assisted with field collections:
. Brian Vogrig and crew (MV Nita Maria);
. Carmen McConnell (Fisheries and Oceans test fishing coordinator);
. Kate Tanner (Catalyst Paper environmental technician);
. Gone Fishin’ tackle shop; and
. Jacob Lauder (Hupacasath First Nations).
The Port Alberni EEM Local Monitoring Committee (LMC) includes representatives from the federal, provincial, and local governments, non-governmental organizations, community members, First Nations, Hatfield Consultants, and Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division. LMC meetings provided a valuable forum for reviewing results from the previous EEM Cycles, and discussing the design for the Cycle Six program. Hatfield would like to acknowledge members of the Alberni LMC for their assistance:
. Janice Boyd: Environment Canada;
. Rosie Barlak: BC Ministry of Environment;
. John Deniseger: BC Ministry of Environment;
. Mike Irg: Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District;
. Penny Cote: Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District; and
. Larry Cross: Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) vii Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Cycle Six Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) program for Catalyst Paper Corp., Port Alberni Division, extended from May 2010 to April 2013, and included studies of the sublethal toxicity of effluent and a fish population survey. The fish population survey was designed and conducted to assess potential effects of low near-bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in upper Alberni Inlet on migrating sockeye salmon. Results of the 2012 fish population survey were compared to similar surveys completed in 1990 and 1994 when high water temperatures resulted in sockeye holding at depth in cooler, hypoxic saltwater, and likely resulted in the mortality of an estimated 100,000 sockeye in 1990.
Sublethal toxicity testing was undertaken six times from 2010 to 2012 for the Port Alberni paper mill. Algal reproduction was affected at a mean effluent concentration of 1.0%, while invertebrate fertilization was affected at a mean effluent concentration of 30.0%. Based on a 1% effluent concentration zone of 3,000 m from the outfall, maximum potential zones of sublethal effect from the effluent discharge point were up to 100 m for invertebrate fertilization, and 2,888 m for algal reproduction.
The fish population survey was conducted jointly by Hatfield and Fisheries and Oceans Canada in July and August 2012. This joint study included placement of archival, temperature-logging tags on migrating sockeye salmon, and hydroacoustic surveys of fish locations throughout Alberni Inlet. Supporting water quality data also were collected as part of the annual Port Alberni dissolved oxygen monitoring program. 350 adult sockeye salmon were tagged at eight specific locations in lower Alberni Inlet over three separate sampling events in July 2012. Tags were recovered via commercial, sport and First Nation fisheries in upper Alberni Inlet and the lower Somass River. Hydroacoustic surveys were completed in an area extending from the paper mill outfall to Chub Point in July and August 2012.
In 2012, higher than normal flows in the Somass River and relatively cool surface water temperatures during most of the migration period resulted in almost no migration barriers and near optimal conditions for migrating sockeye. Results of the 2012 sockeye tagging and hydroacoustic surveys demonstrated that sockeye are occupying similar depth and temperature ranges to those observed in the 1994 survey; however, DO concentrations in those ranges have greatly improved to conditions that should not adversely affect their survival. In addition, results of annual DO monitoring in upper Alberni Inlet show considerable improvement in near-bottom DO relative to the 1990s and earlier.
Overall, results indicate that historical impacts of pulpmill effluent in Alberni Inlet no longer pose a risk migrating sockeye salmon and that current Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations effluent quality standards are protective of fish in Alberni Inlet.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) viii Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report DISTRIBUTION LIST
The following individuals/firms have received this document:
Name Firm Hardcopies CDs Larry Cross Catalyst Paper Corp., Port Alberni Division 5 5 Janice Boyd Environment Canada 1 1 Rosie Barlak and Ministry of Environment (Nanaimo) 1 1 John Deniseger
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) ix Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Under the federal Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations (PPER; originally released in 1992, revised in May 2004, and amended in 2008 [Government of Canada 2010]) pulpmills are required to monitor the chemistry and toxicity of mill effluent and assess its potential effects on the receiving environment. Effluent chemistry (limited to total suspended solids, pH, conductivity and biological oxygen demand) and lethal toxicity are measured to evaluate effluent quality and its potential effects on aquatic biota. However, because there are many factors that can alter the chemistry and toxicity of effluent in the receiving environment, Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) studies also are conducted to directly assess the effects of mill effluent on fish, fish habitat, and use of fisheries resources in the vicinity of the effluent discharge (Environment Canada 2010). EEM studies can include:
. A fish population survey to assess fish health;
. A fish tissue survey to assess concentrations of dioxins and furans (only required for mills where dioxins and furans are present in mill effluent);
. A benthic invertebrate community survey to assess the condition of fish habitat;
. Supporting water quality data to help interpret findings from fish and benthic invertebrate surveys; and
. Sublethal toxicity testing to assess effects of effluent on growth and reproduction of representative aquatic organisms.
EEM programs typically are conducted in three-year cycles, which begin with the development of a study design, followed by study implementation, data analysis, and reporting. The following cycles have been completed for the Port Alberni mill since the onset of the monitoring program:
. Cycle One: 1993 to 1996;
. Cycle Two: 1997 to 2000;
. Cycle Three: 2000 to 2004;
. Cycle Four: 2004 to 2007; and
. Cycle Five: 2007 to 2010.
The current program, Cycle Six, ran from April 2010 to April 2013. All components of the EEM program are conducted in accordance with the Pulp and Paper Technical Guidance for Aquatic Environmental Effects Monitoring released in early 2011. The purpose of the technical guidance document is to provide additional information on the regulatory requirements of EEM and provide
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 1-1 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report methodologies on how to carry out EEM studies. Revisions in the document reflect EEM program changes in response to: the 2008 amendments (Environment Canada 2008); improvements in the program; outcomes from the smart regulation initiative on improving effectiveness and efficiency of EEM; new science developments; and efforts to streamline the content of the document.
The EEM Cycle Six program for Catalyst Paper Corp., Port Alberni Division was previously described in the study design (Hatfield Consultants 2012) and designed to address concerns regarding the oxidative state of sediments in upper Alberni Inlet, their potential effect on water quality and subsequently, on migrating sockeye salmon populations. Based on the results of previous EEM cycles and the annual DO monitoring program showing seasonally near-bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations being low, Hatfield and DFO conducted an archival tagging program of migrating adult sockeye as well as hydroacoustic surveys to examine the potential effects of low near-bottom DO on migrating and holding sockeye salmon populations in upper Alberni Inlet.
This report presents results from the EEM Cycle Six joint study consisting of an individual based (archival tagging program) survey of migrating sockeye salmon and population-based (hydroacoustic) surveys of Alberni Inlet, as well as supporting water quality data collection (annual DO monitoring study).
The study also included the results of ongoing sublethal toxicity testing of mill effluent. Information on changes to mill processes, effluent treatment, and/or the receiving environment that occurred during Cycle Six are also presented. Sections in this report include:
. Section 2 – Mill, Study Area, and Cycle Six Design Update;
. Section 3 – Sublethal Toxicity Testing of Mill Effluent;
. Section 4 – Effects on Fish Populations;
. Section 5 – Conclusions;
. Section 6 – References;
. Section 7 – Glossary; and
. Appendices.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 1-2 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 2.0 MILL, STUDY AREA, AND CYCLE SIX DESIGN UPDATE
2.1 MILL OPERATIONS
2.1.1 Process Description and Update Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division, is located in Port Alberni, B.C., on Vancouver Island (Figure 2.1).
The mill commenced operations in 1947 at a production capacity of 150 t/d of unbleached kraft pulp. Several changes in production lines occurred over the years. Between 1955 and 1963 a linerboard machine, newsprint machines, and increased production capacity of kraft and groundwood pulping were added. Peak production was approximately 1,800 t/d in the mid-1960s. In 1970, secondary effluent treatment (an aerated stabilization basin) was added for a portion of the final effluent, to decrease discharge of biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids to the inlet. In 1982, linerboard production ceased, and specialty paper production was introduced and began replacing newsprint production.
A chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) mill was added in 1989; peroxide addition to bleaching was initiated in 1990. The CTMP mill decreased the use of semi-bleached kraft pulp required for newsprint and telephone directory paper production. An activated sludge treatment (AST) system and enhanced secondary treatment of kraft effluent was brought online in early 1993. In November 1993, the kraft line was shut down permanently. Paper machine #5 (PM5) changed to production of lightweight, coated paper starting at the beginning of 1997 and increased the production tonnage at this time because of the use of clay coating in the process.
Average annual paper production in 2003 was 1,192 t/d, and in 2004 was 1,205 t/d. In February 2005, paper machine #3 was shut down permanently, reducing production capacity to 950 t/d. Annual effluent discharge volumes have generally decreased over time since 1993 (Figure 2.2). Paper machine #4 (PM4), which produces uncoated telephone directory paper, was shut down temporarily in September 2007 and restarted in May 2008.
Since May 2008, production levels at the mill have increased slightly. In 2009, in response to challenging paper markets, PM5 began producing higher brightness coated paper grades (approximately five days per month), as well as uncoated grates. Higher brightness grades required greater hydrogen peroxide application in the mechanical pulp bleaching process. In May 2009, a modest production increase project was implemented on the single CTMP-line. The project mainly consisted of installing larger refiner motors, and involved curtailing CTMP and PM5 production for a total of six days in April/May during the upgrades. Subsequently, CTMP production in 2009 increased by ~10% or 50 t/d, as de-bottlenecking and quality optimization continued. Average production at the mill in 2009 was 856 t/d (Table 2.1).
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 2-1 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Production currently consists entirely of paper products including telephone directory paper and light-weight, coated paper. Average production in 2012 was 901 ADMt/d, and effluent flow was 58,800 m3/day (Table 2.1, Figure 2.2). The mill uses a mixed wood furnish consisting of coastal hemlock and balsam fir, as well as some purchased kraft. The majority of this furnish consists of residual chips from local sawmills with the remainder from the onsite wood-room.
In Cycle Six, the mill operated two paper machines: PM4 (uncoated paper) and PM5 (coated paper). Operational updates that occurred at the mill during Cycle Six included:
. Six day total mill shutdown in February 2012 for increased market demand of coated paper grade development resulting in modestly increased production; and
. In August 2012, use of the aeration lagoon for additional treatment of effluent was eliminated; it was purchased by the city of Port Alberni for improved sewage treatment. The lagoon had been redundant since the operation of the activated sludge treatment system in 1993, and the closure of the kraft mill. These latter systems readily meeting all permit requirements. Bypassing the lagoon resulted in minor increases in total suspended solids (TSS) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) discharge (Table 2.1 and Figure 2.3), similar to effluent quality observed prior to 2005, when PM3 was shutdown.
More detailed information on Port Alberni pulping and bleaching processes appeared in the pre-design document (Seaconsult 1994).
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 2-2 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 2.1 Location of Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division, on Alberni Inlet, Vancouver Island, BC 340,000 360,000 380,000 400,000
5,480,000 Strait of Georgia 5,480,000
Central t Grea L ake Qualicum Beach S om a ss Sproat Lake R iv 5,460,000 er Catalyst Paper Corporation 5,460,000 Port Alberni Division Holm Port Alberni Island Polly Point
Lone Tree Point
t le n I 5,440,000 5,440,000 Nahmint Bay Vancouver Island
U c h i uc n k er le b si l t I A nl et
Barkley Sound 5,420,000 5,420,000
05102.5 Legend km
Waterbody BRITISH Scale: 1:400,000 Projection: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N Watercourse COLUMBIA Data Sources: Base data from CANVEC Road and 1:250,000 NTDB. ± Pulpmill
K:\Data\Project\PA1630\_MXD\PA1630_3_Location_20130319.mxd Table 2.1 Annual results for process effluent quality variables, Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division, 1999 to 2012.
Parameter 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Production (ADt/d) - 1,148 1,175 1,189 991 1,192 1,205 947 942 792 781 856 866 857 901 Paper Flow (m3/d) 96,000 102,000 89,000 80,942 91,058 88,667 76,291 71,194 70,100 56,900 64,630 61,970 58,900 58,800 TSS (t/d) 0.72 1.01 0.66 0.64 0.79 1.06 0.5 0.354 0.39 0.35 0.38 0.415 0.41 0.69 BOD (t/d) 0.5 0.56 0.5 0.46 0.55 0.7 0.45 0.4 0.3 0.29 0.19 0.27 0.28 0.41 Rainbow trout 96-hr >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 LC50 (%) Daphnia 48-hr LC50 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 (%)
ADt = air dried metric tonnes 1 Percentage of tests conducted where LC50 (effluent concentration that kills 50% of organisms) was >100%.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 2-4 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 2.2 Annual production and effluent flows from 1993 to 2012 Catalyst Paper Corporation, Port Alberni Division.
Temporary PM4 Shutdown 1,400 (09/07 - 04/08) 140,000 Daily Production Permanent PM3 Effluent Flow Shutdown 1,200 120,000
1,000 100,000 /d) 3
800 80,000
600 60,000 Production(Adt/d)
400 40,000 Effluent Discharge (m
200 20,000
0 0
2.1.2 Effluent Quality In 1970/1971, the primary clarifier and secondary treatment (aerated stabilization basin) were installed at the Port Alberni mill to treat selected effluent streams high in TSS, BOD, and toxicity (~60% of total effluent volume). Secondary treatment was further expanded in 1993 to include activated-sludge treatment. The combined secondary treatment system currently removes >95% of BOD and has reduced TSS concentrations to <10 mg/L (Seaconsult 2000). Since the shutdown of the kraft operation in 1993, the original aerated stabilization basin has been used to treat relatively low strength effluent streams and provide additional treatment of effluents from the main treatment system, ending in August 2012. Treated effluents are combined and released via a single discharge point into Alberni Inlet.
Effluent quality variables are routinely measured following provincial and federal requirements. Annual results for the Port Alberni mill are presented in Table 2.1 for Cycle Six (i.e., 2010 to 2012); annual results are presented in Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3. Mean daily paper production levels increased from 1993 to 1998, remained relatively consistent until 2004, and dropped in 2005 after the permanent shut-down of PM3 (Figure 2.2). In 2007 and 2008, due to the temporary shutdown of PM4, production dropped once again. Following the re- start of the paper machine, as well as modest increases to CTMP production in 2009, production in 2009 increased again.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 2-5 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Immediately following expansion of the secondary treatment system in 1993 at the mill, BOD and TSS exhibited a marked improvement (Figure 2.3). Between 1994 and 2004, BOD remained relatively consistent, and levels of total suspended solids (TSS) generally decreased over time. In 2005, following the permanent shutdown of PM3, BOD and TSS exhibited a noticeable drop. BOD continued to drop as a result of the temporary PM4 shutdown in 2007/2008, and was low in 2009 for inexplicable reasons (L. Cross, Environmental Manager, Catalyst Alberni, pers.comm., 2010). Since 2010, both TSS and BOD have increased slightly, with an increase in 2012 resulting from the elimination of the aeration lagoon from the effluent treatment process (Section 2.1.4).
To remain in compliance with the PPER, mills are required to demonstrate no acute toxicity of effluent to rainbow trout (i.e., all LC50s – effluent concentrations that kill 50% of trout – must be greater than 100% v/v effluent). There has been no acute toxicity reported during any of the EEM cycles at the Port Alberni mill. In Cycle Six, there was no acute toxicity of effluent to either rainbow trout or Daphnia magna; 100% of all tests passed (Table 2.1).
2.1.3 Spills to the Receiving Environment No spills to the receiving environment or effluent non-compliance events were reported by Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division between 2010 and 2012 (Cycle Six):
2.1.4 Study Area Updates In August 2012, the tertiary level aeration lagoon was eliminated from the effluent treatment process and returned to the jurisdiction of the city of Port Alberni. The elimination of the aeration lagoon resulted in an increase in total TSS and BOD concentrations in final effluent as well as an increase in daily variability of TSS and BOD concentrations. Average daily TSS increased from 0.694 t/d (January 1-July 31) to 0.993 t/d (August 1-December 31) following the removal, while average daily BOD increased from 0.412 t/d (January 1-July 31) to 0.568 t/d (August 1-December 31). All post-removal TSS and BOD concentrations remained well within discharge permits.
2.2 CYCLE SIX STUDY DESIGN UPDATE
No major changes were made to the Cycle Six study design during field surveys.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 2-6 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 2.3 Mean daily total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in effluent, Catalyst Paper Corporation, Port Alberni Division, 1970 to 2012.
45 1970: Primary clarifier and BOD (t/d) ASB secondary treatment 40 installed Aug-07 to Apr-08: 1993: Secondary effluent Temporary PM4 treatment expanded to AST Shutdown 35
30 2005: Paper 1.4 Machine #3 Aug 2012 1.2 Shutdown elimination of the 25 1.0 aeration lagoon 0.8 20 0.6
BOD (t/d) 0.4 15 0.2 0.0 1993 2009 2010 2011 2012 10 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 BiologicalOxygen Demand (t/d)
5
0 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
45 1970: Primary clarifier and TSS (t/d) ASB secondary treatment 40 installed 1993: Secondary effluent 2005: Paper treatment expanded to AST 35 Machine #3 Aug-07 to Apr-08: Shutdown Temporary PM4 4.0 Shutdown 30 3.5 August 2012: 3.0 elimination of the aeration lagoon 25 2.5 2.0 1.5 20 TSS (t/d) 1.0 0.5 0.0 15 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total SuspendedTotal Solids (t/d) 10
5
0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 2-7 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report
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Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 2-8 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 3.0 SUBLETHAL TOXICITY TESTING OF MILL EFFLUENT
Summary of Sublethal Toxicity Testing (Winter 2010 through Summer 2012) for Port Alberni EEM Cycle Six: . During Cycle Six, six test periods of sublethal toxicity testing were conducted using invertebrate and algae species between February 2010 and October 2012; . Effects on echinoderm fertilization were observed at a mean effluent concentration of 30.0% (IC25). . Algal reproduction was affected at a mean effluent concentration of 1.0% (IC25). . Based on a 1% effluent concentration zone of 3,000 m from the Port Alberni outfall, maximum potential zones of sublethal effect from the effluent discharge point were 100 m for invertebrate fertilization, and 2,888 m for algal reproduction.
Federal and provincial government regulations require pulp and paper mills to undertake toxicity testing as part of their EEM programs to determine potential lethality or inhibitory effects of their effluent on fish and fish habitat. Sublethal and acute lethality tests may indicate whether fisheries resources are being protected or impacted in areas adjacent to their effluent discharges. Current EEM regulations require the use of sublethal toxicity tests to help meet the following objectives (Environment Canada 2010): . Contribute to the field program as part of a weight-of-evidence approach;
. Compare process effluent quality between mill types, and measure changes in effluent quality as a result of effluent treatment and process changes; and
. Contribute to the understanding of a mill’s relative contribution to water quality in multiple discharge situations.
Sublethal toxicity testing for Port Alberni’s EEM Cycle Six included the following tests, as stipulated in the EEM Technical Guidance Document for pulpmills that discharge to a marine receiving environment (Environment Canada 2010):
. Invertebrate fertilization toxicity test using an echinoderm (either the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus or the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus); and
. Algal reproduction test using the red marine alga (Champia parvula).
Sublethal toxicity testing of echinoderms for Port Alberni was undertaken by Maxxam Analytics (Burnaby, BC; Summer 2010 to Winter 2011), and Nautilus Environmental (Burnaby, BC; Summer 2011 to Summer 2012). Champia tests were conducted by the Saskatchewan Research Council (Saskatoon, SK; Winter 2010) or by AquaTox Testing & Consulting Inc. (Guelph, ON; Summer 2010 through Summer 2012). A summary of reported endpoints is included with this Cycle Six interpretive report.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 3-1 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 3.1 METHODS
3.1.1 General Methods and Definitions During Cycle One, quarterly tests were required for the year field studies were completed. Since Cycle Two, sublethal toxicity testing of process effluent must be conducted twice each year. Testing for Cycle Six was initiated in Winter 2010 and continued until Summer 2012.
In Cycle Six, test seasons assigned were not necessarily representative of the date the test was conducted. The first test period of each year (the “winter” test period) was carried out between February and May. The second test period of each year (the “summer” test period) was carried out between September and November. The primary intent of having two test periods per year is to ensure tests are evenly spaced within the cycle.
On each test date, a grab sample of effluent was collected by mill personnel, following methods described in the Pulp and Paper EEM Guidance Document (Environment Canada 2010) and shipped to the lab for testing; subsamples were shipped by the lab to Saskatchewan Research Council or Aquatox Testing & Consulting for Champia testing. Sublethal toxicity testing involved exposure of organisms to a series of effluent dilutions. All sublethal toxicity tests were conducted with controls to assess the background response of test organisms and determine the acceptability of the test using predefined criteria. In addition, in-house cultures were tested with a reference toxicant to monitor the health and sensitivity of the culture.
Algal reproduction and invertebrate fertilization tests provide an IC25 endpoint, which is an estimate of the concentration of effluent that causes 25% inhibition of a quantitative biological function, such as reproduction or growth. Confidence limits are given for each endpoint where possible.
3.1.2 Sublethal Toxicity Test Methods General procedures for the echinoderm fertilization test are based on the methodology document Biological Test Method: Fertilization Assay Using Echinoids (Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars), Report EPS/1/RM/27, December 1992, November 1997 amendments (Environment Canada 1997b). The test assesses the fertilization success of an echinoderm using the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus or the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Male and female gametes are exposed to the test material for 20 minutes; the percentage of eggs fertilized is compared between the controls and the sample concentrations to determine if any significant inhibition of fertilization is observed. The IC25 endpoint is the percent effluent concentration where fertilization is reduced by 25% from control fertilization rates.
Procedures for conducting the marine algae (Champia parvula) test are based on Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Water to Marine and Estuarine Organisms, Third Edition, EPA 821/R/02-014, October 2002 (US EPA 2002). The Champia test is a static, non-renewal, marine
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 3-2 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report algal reproduction test where male and female plants are exposed to a test sample for a 48-hour period, followed by a 6-to 8-day recovery period. The inhibition of cystocarp reproduction by 25% by the end of the recovery period is the effluent concentration endpoint (reproduction IC25) used to assess toxicity.
Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni paper mill conducted six sublethal toxicity tests from Winter 2010 through Summer 2012 for Cycle Six. The Summer 2011 and Winter 2012 Echinoderm tests were repeated due to poor control performance in the original tests. During the Summer 2011 test event, sand dollar samples were at the end of their spawning season, and egg and sperm quality was poor, while in the Winter 2012, inclement weather conditions prevented the collection of sea urchins for the initial sample date; therefore, sand dollars were instead used for this testing. In both cases, echinoderm fertilization tests did not meet the acceptability criteria of 50% fertilization in the control samples. All subsequent testing using sea urchins met control sample criteria. Appendix A1 provides a summary of HSLP Cycle Six sublethal toxicity test results, including dose- response plots for all tests conducted.
3.1.3 Zones of Effluent Concentration A zone of effluent mixing was determined by a plume delineation study prior to Cycle One (Hodgins et al. 1993). This survey determined the maximum extent of effluent concentrations of 1% (i.e., 100:1 dilution) or greater, potentially present in the receiving water environment. This 1% effluent zone originally was used to define near-field and far-field areas to aid in selecting sites to conduct required environmental sampling. The 1% effluent zone represents conditions of minimum dilution, maximum extent, and long-term average conditions (Environment Canada 1998), and therefore represents worst-case effluent dilution conditions.
A maximum potential zone of sublethal effect was calculated for each test species from the geometric mean of the IC25 results, and the extent of the 1% effluent concentration zone, as per Environment Canada (2010). This potential zone of sublethal effect describes the area where the effluent concentration exceeds the geometric mean of the IC25 result, and is the maximum distance from the effluent discharge where a specified effect may be expressed for a test species. This maximum potential zone of sublethal effect was calculated as follows:
Extent of 1% effluent zone m Zone m Geometric mean of IC25
This model assumes simple linear dilution of effluent. This is not realistic for Port Alberni, since effluent is discharged through a multi-port diffuser that rapidly dilutes effluent into the marine environment upon release.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 3-3 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.2.1 Echinoderm Fertilization Test Echinoderm (sand dollar and sea urchin) fertilization IC25s ranged from 21.2% to 55.0% v/v effluent in Cycle Six, with a geometric mean of 30.0% (Figure 3.1). Results were relatively consistent across all test periods with the exception of the Summer 2011 test period, where below-average test results were observed. Results were slightly lower than those observed in Cycle Four and Cycle Five; however, results did not suggest a trend towards increased effluent toxicity for Cycle Six. Dose-response curves were relatively consistent across all test periods (Appendix A1).
Figure 3.1 Effect of exposure to Catalyst Paper Ltd., Port Alberni Division effluent on Echinoderm fertilization expressed as IC25 ±95% confidence limits, EEM Cycle Six.
100
80
60
40 IC25 (% IC25 (% effluent)
20
30.8 34.4 55.0 18.3 32.3 21.2 0 2-Mar-10 15-Nov-10 2-May-11 2-May-11 27-Mar-12 22-Oct-12 Winter 2010 Summer 2010 Winter 2011 Summer 2011 Winter 2012 Summer 2012
Sublethal Toxicity Testing Period (with actual test date)
3.2.2 Algal Reproduction Test Reproduction IC25 values ranged from 0.22% to 6.05% with a geometric mean concentration of 1.04% v/v effluent (Figure 3.2). Results in Cycle Six indicated a slightly increased effect of effluent on algal reproduction compared to cycles Three through Five, but decreased toxicity relative to Cycle Two (Figure 3.3). Overall, results were variable and indicate no increasing or decreasing trend for Cycle Six. Dose response curves were similar across all test periods and are presented in Appendix A1.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 3-4 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 3.2 Effect of exposure to Catalyst Paper Ltd., Port Alberni Division effluent on Champia reproduction expressed as IC25 ±95% confidence limits, EEM Cycle Six.
100
80
60
40 IC25 (% IC25 (% effluent)
20 6.05 4.57 0.50 0.51 0.22 0.81 0 2-Mar-10 15-Nov-10 2-May-11 2-May-11 27-Mar-12 22-Oct-12 Winter 2010 Summer 2010 Winter 2011 Summer 2011 Winter 2012 Summer 2012
Sublethal Toxicity Testing Period (with actual test date)
3.2.3 Potential Zone of Sublethal Effect The 1% effluent zone for Catalyst Paper Ltd., Port Alberni Division, extends a radial distance of approximately 3,000 m from the effluent outfall (Hodgins et al. 1993). This radius is a conservative estimate based on dispersion influences of the Somass River and tides in Alberni Inlet. The effluent plume mixes with the Somass River in the harbor and extends throughout the harbor becoming evenly mixed laterally by the time it reaches Polly Point. It should be noted that the estimate of the 1% effluent zone was completed in 1993 when effluent discharge rates were approximately 2x the current rate (Figure 2.2). As such, the current 1% effluent zone for the Port Alberni paper mill is likely considerable less than the 3,000 m determine by Hodgins et al. (1993).
Figure 3.3 presents the geometric means of IC25 results for each test species for Cycle One through Cycle Six, and the resulting potential zone of sublethal effect, calculated using the defined 1% effluent zone (3,000 m). Calculations of geometric means and potential zones of sublethal effect appear in Appendix A1.
The zone of sublethal effect for echinoderm fertilization increased relative to Cycle Five (from 52 m to 100 m); however, results show a significant decrease in the zone of sublethal effect compared with Cycle One and Cycle Two, indicating improved effluent quality since sampling began. The algal reproduction zone of sublethal effect increased significantly in Cycle Six (2888m) relative to all other test cycles with the exception of Cycle Two, indicating a reduction in effluent quality (Figure 3.3).
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 3-5 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 3.3 Geometric means of IC25 and LC50 results from sublethal toxicity tests of Catalyst Paper Ltd, Port Alberni Division effluent for EEM Cycle One through Cycle Six.
Cycle One Cycle Two Cycle Three Cycle Four Cycle Five Cycle Six 100
80
60 Decreasing effect of effluent 40
20 Percent Effluent Concentration 0 Echinoderm fertilization (IC25) Champia reproduction (IC25)
3.3 CONCLUSIONS
Sublethal effects of Port Alberni effluent were observed at average effluent concentrations of 1.0% or higher. Such concentrations have not been observed in Alberni Inlet, and would not be expected to occur beyond the immediate initial dilution zone surrounding the outfall.
Echinoderm results for Cycle Six showed decreased effluent quality compared to Cycles Three through Five, and algal results showed decreased effluent quality relative to all cycles with the exception of Cycle Two. Sublethal toxicity testing results indicate that Port Alberni effluent could influence the receiving environment in a zone up to a calculated distance of 2,888 m from the paper mill diffuser.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 3-6 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 4.0 EFFECTS ON FISH POPULATIONS
Summary of Effects on migrating sockeye salmon for Port Alberni EEM Cycle Six, July and August 2012: . 350 sockeye were tagged in 11 areas of lower Alberni Inlet. In addition, hydroacoustic surveys were completed in an area extending from the paper mill outfall to Chub Point; . 33 tags were recovered from the Somass River with an additional 63 tags recovered from Alberni inlet; a single tag was recovered in Clemens Creek; . 111 sockeye-like targets were identified in the July hydroacoustic survey of upper Alberni Inlet with an additional six targets identified in August; . In early July, sockeye were found to prefer warmer temperatures (12 to 17°C) compared to late July (9.5 to 12°C), especially in the latter half of their migration through Alberni Inlet; . Depths and dissolved oxygen concentrations experienced by migrating sockeye generally ranged from 5 to 15 m and 3.5 to 10.2 mg/L, respectively; . Although low near-bottom DO concentrations persist in areas of Alberni Inlet, concentrations within the preferred temperature range of migrating sockeye are significantly greater than those experienced in the 1990s and no longer pose a risk to their survivability; and . Current DO concentrations in the temperature range where sockeye were holding in 1990 and 1994 surveys show that current concentrations are >5 mg/L at nearly all locations and >7 mg/L in known holding areas.
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Pulp and paper mills are required to conduct a fish population survey if the effluent concentration is greater than 1% within 250 m of the point of discharge. The fish population survey provides an assessment of whether differences in whole organism metrics—including age, size-at-age, condition, relative liver weight, and relative gonad weight—are evident in fish from exposed and reference areas.
Based on the constraints and limitations of using traditional fish-health end- points to assess effects of the mill on the receiving environment, the adult fish survey component of the EEM program for Port Alberni was restricted to Cycle One. However, based on results of previous EEM cycles and the annual DO monitoring program showing near-bottom DO concentrations remaining seasonally low, in Cycle Six, Hatfield and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) conducted an archival tagging program (Section 4.3.1) and hydroacoustic surveys (Section 4.3.2) of migrating adult sockeye to examine their potential exposure to low near-bottom DO in upper Alberni Inlet.
This section presents methods, results, and interpretations for the Cycle Six effects on fish populations studies conducted in July and August 2012. A summary of the 2012 Port Alberni Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Program (including additional far-field monitoring stations) is presented in Section 4.4.2, with full details presented in Hatfield (2013). Additional, comprehensive descriptions of the historical fibre-mat and near-bottom DO concerns are presented in Hatfield (2009) and in the Cycle Six design report (Hatfield 2012).
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-1 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 4.2 PROGRAM DESIGN
After extensive discussions between Hatfield Consultants, DFO Science Branch and Catalyst Paper staff, a joint study program for EEM Cycle Six was implemented in July and August 2013. The program was designed to address concerns regarding migrating sockeye salmon populations and the potential effects of low dissolved oxygen on them during their migration through Alberni Inlet. The significance of the concern over the health of migrating sockeye in Alberni Inlet was exemplified by the mass mortality event that occurred in the summer of 1990. It was determined that prolonged exposure of migrating sockeye to adverse conditions (i.e., high water temperatures and low DO concentrations) attributed to the mortality of more than 100,000 adult sockeye prior to reaching their spawning grounds (DFO 1994 and 1996).
The joint study consisted of individual-based (archival tagging program) and population-based (hydroacoustic) surveys of migrating sockeye salmon as well as supporting water quality data collection (Hatfield 2013). The hydroacoustic survey component of the Cycle Six program was completed by DFO; summaries of these methods and results were provided to Hatfield and are presented in Section 4.4.2.
4.3 METHODS
The following is a description of the methods used to conduct the archival tagging program and hydroacoustic surveys of sockeye salmon in Alberni Inlet. Section 4.3.3 provides a summary of the methods used to carry out the annual Port Alberni DO monitoring program with details provided in Hatfield (2013).
4.3.1 Archival Tagging Program
Prior to initiating each sampling event, Hatfield consulted with the Alberni Inlet test-fishery, the First Nations fisheries and the Alberni Inlet commercial seine-net fishery to coordinate an effective tagging program schedule. Capture and tagging methods followed previously established protocols for the tagging and release of Pacific salmonids (see Cooke et al. 2005, 2006) and used recently in a similar study by Robichaud and English (2007 and 2009) in the Fraser River system. As DFO was overseeing and directly participating in the tagging work and using the data in their annual stock assessment management decisions, it was exempt from Columbia and Carleton University Animal Care Committees (CCAC) approvals.
4.3.1.1 Sampling Locations and Collection Dates
Adult sockeye salmon were tagged at eight specific locations in lower Alberni Inlet over three separate sampling events in July 2012 (Figure 4.1). Conducting the tagging program over an extended time frame increased the likelihood of capturing specific populations of sockeye and probability of tag returns. All sampling was conducted in lower Alberni Inlet in Fisheries Management Areas 23-1, 23-2 and 23-3. Sampling dates, number of sets, UTM locations and number
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-2 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report of fish tagged in each set are presented in Table 4.1. Specific sampling locations were chosen by an experienced commercial fisherman with local knowledge of sockeye migration patterns and schooling areas.
4.3.1.2 iBCod Archival Temperature Logger Selected sockeye salmon were tagged with an iBCod submersible temperature logger (type G or type Z). All tags were custom labeled with “Hatfield DFO, Reward Offered 604-926-3261”. These tags are capable of recording up to 2,048 date, time and temperature logs with a recording interval of 1 to 255 minutes. For this study, tags were preprogrammed to begin logging at least eight hours prior to deployment and were preprogrammed to log one reading every 60 minutes. The software “One Wire Viewer” was used for tag programming and data download. Tagging procedures are presented Section 4.3.1.3.
4.3.1.3 Field Sampling Procedures Sampling Platform All sockeye were captured using the DFO-licensed test fishery vessel, MV Nita Maria. The Nita Maria is steel-haul commercial seine vessel outfitted with all required seine fishing equipment including a powered skiff, 150 m long purse seine, power block and drum. The vessel was equipped with a hydraulic winch system, VHF radio, and all safety equipment required by Transport Canada. UTM coordinates were logged using an on-board differentially corrected Global Positioning System (GPS) integrated with digital nautical charts. Depth at each sampling station was recorded from the depth sounder (sonar). During each sampling event, a crew of five experienced commercial fisherman were onboard to operate the seine vessel and capture the sockeye, an additional two professional biologists were onboard to identify, tag and release all sockeye.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-3 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Table 4.1 Summary of sampling data for the archival tagging program, Alberni Inlet 2012.
Number of Number of Fish Sampling Date Station Name Lat/Long Sets Tagged 48° 58.912' W Limestone Bay 1 21 124° 58.414' N
1 48° 57.902' W Hissin Point OP 1 8 125° 00.101' N July 4, 2012 48° 56.308' W Assits Island 1 5 125° 02.230' N
1 48° 58.229' W Henderson Point OP 4 145 124° 58.241' N 48° 57.302' W Chub Point 1 6 125° 1.715' N 48° 57.734' W Pill Point 1 2 125° 4.755' N 48° 57.302' W July 10, 2012 Chub Point 1 0 125° 1.715' N 48° 59.031' W Handy Creek 1 8 124° 56.993' N 49° 0.185' W Coleman Creek 2 9 124° 51.815' N 49° 2.846 W Ten Mile 1 0 124° 50.438' N 49° 0.577' W Bilton Point 2 21 124° 52.274' N 48° 57.302' W July 17, 2012 Chub Point 1 12 125° 1.715' N 48° 57.734' W Pill Point 1 2 125° 4.755' N
1 48° 58.229' W Limestone OP 1 66 124° 58.251' N
1 48° 58.229' W Limestone OP 2 7 124° 58.251' N 48° 58.912' W July 18, 2012 Limestone Bay 2 32 124° 58.414' N 49° 7.217' W Sproat Narrows 1 6 124° 48.888' N
1 On the opposite side of the inlet from the named location
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-4 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.1 Sampling locations for archival tagging program, Alberni Inlet, July 2012. 360,000 380,000
Som Spr as oat L s R 5,460,000 i 5,460,000 ake ver Catalyst Paper Corporation Port Alberni Division ! OUTFALL !( Port Alberni !( HI2 Holm Island !( PPPolly Point
!( 5KM
Lone Tree !( Point 10KM
Sproat Narrows!(
t e l n I 5,440,000 5,440,000
Nahmint Bay !( Ten Mile
U c h Bilton Point uc kl !( es it i !( I rn Coleman Creek nl e e lb t Handy Creek A Limestone Bay !( !(
!( Limestone OP Pill Point !( !( Hissin Point OP !( Chub Point Barkley Sound !( Assits Island
02461 Legend km
Waterbody Sockeye Tagging Scale: 1:225,000 !( BRITISH Location Projection: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N Watercourse COLUMBIA Data Sources: Water Quality Base data from CANVEC Road !( and 1:250,000 NTDB. Profile Location ± Pulpmill
K:\Data\Project\PA1630\_MXD\PA1630_1_SamplingArchival_20130320.mxd Sample Collection and Tagging Upon arriving at a sampling location, the seine-net was deployed using the power skiff, in an arc-shape beginning near shore and extending outward. Net- set and retrieval followed standard seining practices and were managed by the vessel skipper.
Once the seine net was retrieved and secured alongside the vessel, extendable dip-nets were used to remove captured salmon. All sockeye were transferred to a 4 m3 holding tank that was continuously aerated with fresh seawater. All bycatch was either released using the dip-nets or via inverting the seine net once all sockeye were removed. Any fish that appeared overly distressed or disoriented were transferred to the holding tank until they recovered, then released. Any sockeye that were less than approximately 50 cm in length, or appeared unhealthy or overly stressed, were released untagged.
Sockeye selected for tagging were transferred to a custom tagging table with a vinyl holding trough. A secondary technician ensured a constant stream of fresh seawater passed over the mouth and gills and stabilized the fish during tagging. Tagging consisted of affixing an iBCod i-button thermal logger onto the base of the dorsal fin using a nickel pin and vinyl backing disks. The nickel pin was inserted through a vinyl backing disk, through the tag, through the base of the dorsal fin and then through a secondary backing disk. An S-bend was formed on the nickel pin using needle-nose pliers and excess pin was removed. Once tagging was complete, fish that appeared energetic were immediately released. Fish that appeared overly stressed were placed in a secondary holding tank, allowed to recovery, and then released.
Prior to deployment, tags were placed on an aluminum surface in direct sunlight for at least one hour (one logging interval). This introduced a recognizable “time- stamp” that allowed for approximate determination of individual tag deployment.
Tag Recovery To improve the recovery of thermal loggers, a public-awareness campaign was launched in spring 2012 to inform members of the commercial, First Nations and recreational fisheries that operate in Alberni Inlet. A poster ad (Appendix A3) was distributed and displayed to facilities frequented by fisherman, including boat launches, tackle shops and docking areas.
The phone number, printed on each tag, allowed participants to contact Hatfield whereby they were directed to an appropriate return facility; a reward was offered for the return of each thermal logger. Participants that were located in the Port Alberni area were directed to the Gone Fishin’ tackle shop where they received a gift card in the value of $25. Participants located outside of the Port Alberni area were asked to either mail in the thermal logger or, if appropriate, a Hatfield staff member would pick them up. Many participants returned the thermal loggers asking for no reward. Each participant was encouraged supply catch information such as date, time and location the tagged fish was caught.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-6 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Data Analysis Tag results were grouped by tagging event to track changes in thermal migration behavior with changing water quality conditions over time. Tagging date and time were determined by the “time-stamp” described previously. Entry into the Somass River was determined by overlaying individual sockeye thermal histories with Somass River temperatures, recorded hourly. Somass River water temperatures are cyclical, fluctuating over a 24-hour time period, and provided an easily distinguishable thermal signature (Figure 4.5 and Appendix A2). Capture date and time were determined by identifying changes in temperature outside of the Somass River thermal signature. These temperature changes were often significant (outside of the survival threshold of sockeye salmon) and permanent.
Data from the Port Alberni DO monitoring program were used to determine depth and DO concentrations associated with the tag temperature logs. This program collected weekly in situ water quality profiles at five locations in upper Alberni Inlet, from the paper mill outfall to approximately 5 km seaward. An additional location, located approximately 10 km seaward of Port Alberni, was sampled during the tagging events.
4.3.2 Hydroacoustic Surveys To assess the effects of upper Alberni Inlet water quality conditions on populations of migrating sockeye salmon, DFO conducted hydroacoustic surveys concurrently with the archival tagging program described above. Hydroacoustic surveys were used to determine the distribution, location and abundance of adult sockeye populations during migration and/or holding in upper Alberni Inlet. The hydroacoustic component of the Cycle Six study was led by Dr. Kim Hyatt with preliminary results and interpretation of data made available to Hatfield for this report.
4.3.2.1 Field Survey Design and Equipment Hydroacoustic surveys were conducted on July 25 and August 9, 2012 over the interval period that is considered optimal for detection of adult sockeye during periods of potential migration delay and holding in Alberni Inlet (mid-July to late August; Hyatt pers. comm.). Hydroacoustic surveys entailed executing fixed transects, beginning in the area of Holm Island and continuing down-inlet (seaward) to Mutine Point (Figure 4.2) and included known pooling areas such as Nahmint River foreshore and Somass River mouth.
Hydroacoustic surveys were conducted using a Biosonics DT-X, split-beam (6.6 x 6.6 degree transducer), 208 kHz echosounder. The sounder unit was affixed to a custom designed bracket mounted on a DFO scientific survey vessel.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-7 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 4.3.2.2 Hydroacoustic Data Analysis Post-survey processing of digital acoustic signal data was completed by experienced DFO technicians using Ecoview software, which supports analysis of fish abundance using the target strength range (i.e., fish size range) known to represent adult sockeye salmon-like targets (SLTs). Calibration of the target strength was done using relative vertical location data interpolated from the archival tagging program.
Although some of the larger acoustic targets detected undoubtedly included adult Chinook and/or Coho salmon, these species generally do not return in any large numbers until later in the summer and fall (late Aug-Sept), and in any event, exhibit population sizes that are generally <10% of the total number of returning sockeye. Commercial and recreational fisheries underway in Alberni Inlet at the same time as acoustics surveys confirmed that >90% of all salmon in the inlet during were comprised of adult sockeye salmon.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-8 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.2 Location of hydroacoustic survey transects, Alberni Inlet, July 25 and August 7, 2012. 360,000 380,000
Som Spr as oat L s R 5,460,000 i 5,460,000 ake ver Catalyst Paper Corporation Port Alberni Division
! Port Alberni «¬1(! Holm Island (! Polly Point
«¬2
(!
«¬3 Lone Tree (! Point «¬4
(!
«¬5
(! (! «¬6
t e l 5,440,000 n (! 5,440,000 I
«¬7 Nahmint (! Bay(!
«¬9
! U ( ch «¬10 uc i (! n k r ! l e ( «¬18 es b (! i l t I A nl et «¬11 (!
¬19 ! « ( (! «¬12 (! «¬14 (! «¬13 «¬15
(! «¬16 (! Barkley «¬17 Sound (!
02461 Legend km
Waterbody Hydroacoustic BRITISH Scale: 1:225,000 Transect Projection: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N Watercourse COLUMBIA Data Sources: Base data from CANVEC Road and 1:250,000 NTDB. ± Pulpmill
K:\Data\Project\PA1630\_MXD\PA1630_2_Hydroacoustic_20130320.mxd 4.3.3 Supporting Environmental Variables 4.3.3.1 Water Quality Profiles of Alberni Inlet A number of key water quality variables were measured from in situ water quality profiles collected as part of the 2012 Port Alberni dissolved oxygen monitoring program (Hatfield 2013). Variables collected included:
. Dissolved oxygen;
. Temperature;
. Salinity; and
. Depth.
Methods and procedures used to collect supporting water quality variables are summarized below; detailed methods are described in the 2012 Port Alberni Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Program Interpretive Report (Hatfield 2013).
Sampling was carried out by Catalyst Paper personnel weekly at locations prescribed by Schedule VII in the federal Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations (PPER 2010). Slight modifications to sampling dates were made to ensure profiles were collected as close as possible to the dates of tagging and hydroacoustic surveys. Profiles were collected at the following five stations located at increasing distances down-inlet from the mill outfall:
. Outfall: Near mill outfall, 0.2 km;
. HI2: Hohm Island, 0.8 km;
. PP: Polly Point, 2.8 km;
. 5KM: 5 km down-inlet, 4.8 km; and
. 10KM: 10 km down-inlet, (July 11, July 25 and August 8 only).
Water quality profile data were collected using a 4A Hydrolab mini-sonde. An additional water quality profile was collected by Hatfield biologists near Henderson Point during on July 10, 2012 using a pre-calibrated YSI 6600 multi- meter. Water quality profiles were used to assign depth and dissolved oxygen values to the temperature recordings from the thermal loggers.
In addition, data on Somass River flow rates, Stamp River flow rates, precipitation, and tidal levels were also collected as these are factors that potentially influence dissolved oxygen concentrations in Alberni Inlet (PPER 2010).
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-10 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Water Quality QA/QC procedures
Calibration of Catalyst Paper’s Hydrolab DO probe was checked prior to each field survey using “air calibration” as per the manufacturer’s instructions. In accordance with federal regulations, oxygen calibrations were double-checked by taking grab samples of water once per sampling day at station PP at depths of 1, 10, and 20 m, and analyzing samples using Winkler titrations. These readings were compared against the Hydrolab’s reading in order to verify accuracy.
Salinity and pH were calibrated monthly, at a minimum, and typically twice per month. Standardized solutions and calibrations methods used were as per the manufacturer’s instructions. During all sampling, staff wore powder-free latex gloves changed between sampling sites.
Spearman rank correlations and a regression analysis slope were used to evaluate relationships between DO readings made using the Hydrolab (mg/L and %-saturation) and Winkler titrations (mg/L) in order to verify calibration accuracy.
4.4 RESULTS
4.4.1 Archival Tagging Program 4.4.1.1 Tag Deployment A total of 350 adult sockeye salmon were tagged in Alberni Inlet over a three- week period in July 2012 (Table 4.1); tagging events were conducted on July 4, July 10 and July 17 and 18, 2012. Conducting the tagging program over an extended time frame increased the likelihood of capturing specific and different populations of sockeye and increased the probability of tag returns.
On July 4, 2012, 179 adult sockeye were tagged between Assists Island and Limestone Bay (42.7 to 36.2 km seaward of the Somass River). On July 10, 2012, 25 adult sockeye were tagged between Pill Point and Coleman Creek (45.8 to 27.8 km’s seaward from the Somass River). On July 17 and 18, 2012, 145 adult sockeye were tagged between Pill Point and Sproat Narrows (45.8 to 14.2 km’s seaward from the Somass River; Figure 4.1). No mortalities were observed or reported during the tagging sessions and no mortalities were reported by fisherman.
4.4.1.2 Tag Recovery (Catch Results) A total 97 tags/sockeye were recovered during the program (27.7% recovery rate). Of the 97 tags, 21 were re-deployed eight days after their initial deployment; these 21 tags were captured by a single seining vessel approximately five hours after initial deployment and returned to Hatfield prior to the final tagging session on July 18 2012.
Of the 97 sockeye recovered, 33 entered the Somass River, with the majority of these captured near the Papermill Dam by Hupacasath First Nations gillnets, with a few captured via angling. 63 of the remaining 64 recovered sockeye were
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-11 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report captured throughout Alberni Inlet by commercial seine and gillnet boats, with a few captured by sport anglers. Due to the fishing and processing techniques used aboard these boats, specific captured locations were often not provided upon tag delivery. A single sockeye was recovered from Clemens Creek, a tributary to Henderson Lake, during a stream reconnaissance survey.
As a result of the overwhelming success of the tag recovery program, due in part to the high exploitation rates of Alberni Inlet sockeye, 35 gift-card rewards were handed out tag recipients. In addition, five cash rewards and eight company clothing items were handed out to tag recipients unable to deliver their tag to Gone Fishin’ tackle shop in Port Alberni. The remainder of the tags (49 in total) were voluntarily returned with no reward wanted. Many of the participants were happy to be involved in a program aimed at understanding improving habitat conditions for Alberni Inlet salmon populations
4.4.1.3 Tag Results Results presented below are of the 33 fish that entered and were captured in the Somass River. These fish would have passed over the historical fibre mat and areas of low near-bottom dissolved oxygen in the upper inlet, identified in Hatfield (2010 and 2013), before entering the Somass River. Data from the remaining 64 sockeye were not included in these analyses as it could not be confirmed that these fish were exposed to the historical fibre mat and areas of low near-bottom dissolved oxygen. In addition, the majority of these remaining 64 tags had fewer than 24 hours of live data logging, and were therefore considered insufficient to assess the effects of high surface water temperatures and low near-bottom DO concentrations on migrating sockeye salmon in upper Alberni Inlet. Raw data for all recovered tags are presented in Appendix A2.
Alberni Inlet migration rates Alberni Inlet migration rates (i.e., average rate of movement from tagging location to the mouth of the Somass River) were similar for fish tagged on July 4 and July 10, 2012 but slowed considerably after July 17, 2012. Fish tagged on July 4 and July 10 had average migration rates of 1.03 km/h (range 0.06 to 1.81 km/h) and 1.05 km/h (range 0.37 to 1.74 k/h) through Alberni Inlet, respectively (Figure 4.3). These fish spent an average of 40 hours in Alberni Inlet with all but one fish (tag EDO21) tagged between Assists Island and Limestone Bay (Table 4.1). Fish tagged on July 17 and 18 spent, on average, more time in Alberni Inlet before entering the Somass River (average 69 hours), yielding a slower migration rate of 0.60 km/h (range 0.13 to 1.58 km/h).
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-12 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.3 Average, maximum and minimum migration rates of sockeye salmon migrating through Alberni Inlet to the Somass River, July 2012.
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5 AlberniInlet MIgration Rate (km/h)
0.0 1 July 4 July 10 July 17/18
Thermal History of Alberni Inlet Sockeye A noticeable difference in the thermal histories was observed between fish tagged on July 4 and July 10, 2012, and those tagged on July 17 and 18, 2012. th Table 4.2 presents the range of temperature values (mean, 5 percentile [T5] and th the 95 percentile [T95] experienced by the 33 sockeye recovered from the Somas River. Values shown for each sampling event begin one hour after tagging and end one hour prior to river entry.
Table 4.2 Range of temperatures experienced by migrating sockeye salmon during each tagging event, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Six.
Tagging Event Temperature (°C) July 4 July 10 July 17/18 Minimum 9.0 7.7 8.5 Maximum 16.6 19.1 19.3 Mean 14.6 14.4 13.6
T5 12.0 9.2 10.4
T95 16.4 18.5 17.7
Immediately after release, nearly all sockeye from all sampling events descended to a water temperature between 8.5 and 11.0°C (Figure 4.5, Appendix A2). Temperature exposure in Alberni Inlet varied among individuals (Figure 4.4) and among tagging events (Table 4.2). Sockeye tagged earlier in July occupied
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-13 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report warmer temperatures (mean of 14.6 and 14.3°C) and were exposed to lower maximum temperatures during their migration (T95 of 16.4 and 18.5°C; Table 4.2). Sockeye tagged in late July (17and 18) occupied lower average temperatures (mean of 13.6°C) and were exposed to higher maximum temperatures (T95 of 17.7°C; Table 4.2).
As surface temperatures began to increase in July, a vertical migration barrier became apparent at approximately 9.5 to 10.5°C (Figure 4.5). Fish tagged in early July rarely approached this barrier while fish tagged in mid to late July continuously approached and migrated within this temperature threshold. In addition, fish tagged in late July occupied cooler temperatures for longer, spending an average of 64% of their total migration time between 9 and 12°C. Conversely, fish tagged in early July spent an average of 75% of their total migration time between 14 and 17°C (Figure 4.6).
Many sockeye displayed frequent and short vertical migrations with no apparent diurnal pattern observed. As time progressed and surface temperatures increased, the frequency and duration of vertical migrations decreased (Figure 4.5). As migrating sockeye approached the upper inlet and the mouth of the Somass River, a noticeable difference in the preferred temperature range of sockeye was observed between early and late July (Figure 4.5). Sockeye tagged early July moved to warmer near-surface waters sooner, while fish tagged late July occupied cooler waters (~10°C), migrating to near surface only a few hours prior to river entry. In addition, many late-run sockeye exhibited holding behavior and conducted several short vertical migrations just prior to river entry.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-14 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.4 Box plots of temperature experiences of the 33 sockeye tagged in Alberni Inlet and captured in the Somass River.
1.5x IQR July 4 Tagging 75%ile July 10 Tagging Median
22 July 17/18 Tagging 25%ile 20 18
) 16 C ( e r u t a r 14 e p m e T Temperature (°C) 12 10 8
IndividualFish Fish Sampled
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-15 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.5 Thermal history of representative sockeye tagged in Alberni Inlet on July 4 , 10, 17 and 18 2012, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Six.
30 Somas Water Temperature 6DA21 ED021 C3921
25 Fish tagged C) Fish entered the Somass Fish caught and brought to the surface 20
15
Water Temperature ( Temperature Water 10
5
30 Somas Water Temperature BB821 CEA21
25 C)
20
15
Water Temperature ( Temperature Water 10
5
30 Somas Water Temperature 2DE21 9C121 22D21
25 C)
20
15
Water Temperature ( Temperature Water 10
5
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-16 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.6 Percent of total hours in water of defined temperature experienced by migrating sockeye salmon in Alberni Inlet, July 2012.
100 90 July 4, 2012 80 70 60 50 40 30
Percent of Total Hours 20 10 0 7 - 8 8 - 9 9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12 12 - 13 13 - 14 14 - 15 15 - 16 16 - 17 17 - 18 18 - 19 19 - 20 20 - 21 Temperature (oC)
100 90 July 10, 2012 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Percent of Total Hours 10 0 7 - 8 8 - 9 9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12 12 - 13 13 - 14 14 - 15 15 - 16 16 - 17 17 - 18 18 - 19 19 - 20 20 - 21 Temperature (oC)
100 July 17 & 18, 2012 90 80 70 60 50 40 30
Percent of Total Hours 20 10 0 7 - 8 8 - 9 9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12 12 - 13 13 - 14 14 - 15 15 - 16 16 - 17 17 - 18 18 - 19 19 - 20 20 - 21 Temperature (oC)
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-17 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 4.4.2 Hydroacoustic Surveys Hydroacoustic surveys of Alberni Inlet were completed by DFO on July 25 and August 9, 2012 to coincide generally with the time period when high Somass River temperatures may delay adult sockeye migration and cause a build-up of their numbers in upper Alberni Inlet. However, in 2012, an extended cool spring and unusually high discharge conditions in the Somass River favoured very rapid and early migration through Alberni Inlet and the Somass River, such that a relatively small proportion of returning sockeye were present in Alberni Inlet during the July or August hydroacoustic surveys.
In 2012, an estimated >75% of the sockeye escapement entered the Somass River before June 25, 2012 (Hyatt and Dobson, DFO unpublished data). Consequently, there was little evidence of any significant in-river mortalities of adult sockeye in July or August and almost no migration after the end of July (i.e., nearly all sockeye reached their spawning locations).
4.4.3 2012 Hydroacoustic Results During the July 25 survey, a total of 111 sockeye-like targets (SLTs) were detected with an additional six SLTs detected during the August 9 survey (Figure 4.7). These low numbers confirmed the results that the majority of the Somass River sockeye migration was completed by the end of July.
The majority (68%) of the sockeye detected during the July survey were aggregated in the areas of Transects 5 and 7 (Figure 4.7), seaward of Lone-tree Point (i.e., seaward of 5KM station). In addition, <5% of all SLTs were located between Polly and Lone-tree points, with no SLTs identified near the outfall or Holm Island (Figure 4.7 and Figure 4.9). During the August survey, all six targets were located near the seaward end of Transect 1, near Poly Point.
Depths occupied by SLTs in July were consistent with those determined by the thermal loggers and water quality profile data, and indicated that sockeye were highly surface orientated with more than 85% of all SLTs located at depths between 3 and 10 m (Figure 4.7). Depths occupied by SLTs in August were slightly deeper, ranging between 15 and 20 m.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-18 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.7 Percent abundance of sockeye salmon detected along the 2012 hydroacoustic survey transects, July 2012.
100 n = 111 90 25-Jul-12 80 70 60 50 40 Abundance(%) 30 20 10 0 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 Transect
Figure 4.8 2012 Somass River sockeye escapement results: escapement numbers determined from electronic counters on the Somass, Sproat and Stamp Rivers between May and September 2012.
− % escapement 40 days Mean Somass − water temperature Somass discharge Early entrants > 75% of the run No mortalities No late entry events
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-19 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.9 Proportion of SLTs occupying defined depth ranges along hydroacoustic survey transects of upper Alberni inlet, July 2012.
Transect 1-2 Transect 2-3 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
3-5 3-5 1
5-10 5-10 3
10-15 10-15
15-20 6 15-20
20-25 20-25
25-30 25-30
30-35 30-35
35-40 35-40
>40 >40
Transect 3-4 Transect 4-5 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
3-5 4 3-5
5-10 11 5-10 5
10-15 10-15
15-20 15-20
20-25 20-25
25-30 25-30
30-35 30-35
35-40 35-40
>40 >40
Transect 5-6 Transect 8-9 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
3-5 20 3-5 3
5-10 26 5-10 20
10-15 5 10-15 4
15-20 15-20
20-25 20-25
25-30 25-30
30-35 30-35
35-40 35-40
>40 >40
No SLTs detected along transect 7-8
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-20 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 4.4.3.1 Depths and Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations Experienced by Migrating Sockeye Salmon The 2012 Port Alberni Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Program presented water quality conditions (i.e., temperature and dissolved oxygen with depth) experienced by sockeye salmon migrating through Alberni Inlet in 2012 (Hatfield 2013). Results are summarized here for the months of June, July and August, 2012, highlighting the time period when the majority of the Somass River sockeye population migrates through Alberni Inlet before entering the River. Results are also presented comparing depth and dissolved oxygen conditions associated with temperature data recorded by the archival thermal loggers.
Temperature at depths in Alberni Inlet Summer water temperatures in the upper layer of upper Alberni Inlet are largely governed by the supply of warmer riverine freshwater and precipitation inputs versus cooler seawater inputs, and mixing within deeper layers. In the summer of 2012, as in previous years, a thermocline was present in upper Alberni Inlet at approximately 4 to 5 m in depth (Figure 4.10). While small fluctuations in the depth of the thermocline exist, its position within the water column remains generally consistent from the outfall to as far out as station 10KM. However, temperatures above the thermocline generally increase north of Polly Point (station 5KM).
Above the thermocline, water temperatures remained relatively cool (<15°C) in 2012, up until the end of June (Figure 4.10). As Somass discharge rates began to decrease and ambient air temperature began to rise, water temperatures began to steadily increase, reaching >20°C around the first week of August (Figure 4.10). Water temperatures below the thermocline remained relatively constant throughout the summer with temperatures generally below 14°C at all stations.
As discussed previously, sockeye tagged in early July preferred warmer waters, occupying a range of temperatures generally between 12 and 17°C (Table 4.2 and Figure 4.4). In 2012, these temperatures equated to a depth range of 5 to 15 m at all stations. Sockeye tagged in late July generally preferred cooler water temperatures, between 9.5 and 12.0°C, especially in the latter half of their Alberni Inlet migration period (Figure 4.4). These temperatures equated to a narrower depth range north of Holm Island (depth range of 5 to 9 m) and varied weekly. During the week of July 26, 2012 warmer water penetrated the thermocline, widening the preferred depth range to between 4 and 15 m (Figure 4.10). Seaward of Holm Island, the 9.5 to 12.0°C preferred temperature ranged equated to a depth range between 5 and 15 m. This depth range was confirmed by hydroacoustic surveys conducted in on July 25, 2012 (Section 4.4.3).
Dissolved Oxygen in Alberni Inlet Within the upper layer of the estuary, dissolved oxygen variations were largely associated with seasonal variations in salinity, river discharge levels, and precipitation (Figure 4.11), suggesting that oxygen concentrations above the
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-21 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report thermocline were largely controlled by freshwater inputs, rather than by BOD. Temperature also fluctuates seasonally, with the river discharge into the upper layer of the inlet generally contributing warmer water during the summer months. Dissolved oxygen in the upper layer during the summer of 2012 was similar to previous years, typically exceeding 8 to 9 mg/L (Figure 4.11). Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the upper layer were similar among all monitoring stations in 2012, and did not vary considerably with distance from the outfall.
Dissolved oxygen below the thermocline is generally governed by the up-inlet influx of deep, less-oxygenated saline water and the vertical mixing of more oxygenated water from upper layers of the estuary. Within this lower layer, the oxygen budget is also influenced by oxygen demand from the historical fibre mat closer to the mill outfall, as well as confounding BOD inputs from municipal sewage, wood processing, and log debris throughout the upper inlet, natural organic matter in the water column and sediments, and to a lesser extent from current effluent biosolids (Hatfield 2013).
During the summer of 2012, dissolved oxygen levels in the lower layer typically remained between 6 and 8 mg/L in the top portion of the lower layer, and between 2 and 4 mg/L near bottom (Figure 4.11). Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the lower layer were similar at the OUTFALL station, HI2, and PP, and 5KM. DO concentrations decreased in the lower layer with increased distance from the outfall (and depth). Generally, dissolved oxygen in the lower layer is relatively stable, with periods of increased oxygen concentration occurring when colder, lower salinity water from the upper layers penetrate deeper into the water column. This occurred during the week of July 26, 2012 when higher oxygenated surface water penetrated into the lower water column. This resulted in DO concentrations upwards of 7 mg/L at depths >15 m, which is to bottom north of Holm Island (Figure 4.11)
As discussed previously, fish tagged in late July generally preferred water temperatures between 9.5 and 12.0°C, especially in the latter half of their Alberni Inlet migration period (Table 4.2 and Figure 4.4). In the summer of 2012, this equated to a DO range between 3.5 and 9.5 mg/L, south of Holm Island and between 4.0 and 10.2 mg/L north (Figure 4.11). However; as the majority of sockeye migrated through Alberni Inlet before July 15, 2012 (Figure 4.8) and generally occupied near-surface waters, they were exposed to more favorable DO concentrations ranging from 7 to 10 mg/L (Figure 4.11).
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-22 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.10 Temperature contours over water depth and time based on measurements collected at five stations in Alberni Inlet in June, July and August 2012; bottom graph shows Somass and Stamp River discharge rates in 2012.
180 Somass River Flow 160 140 Stamp River Flow 120 /s)
3 100 80 60 40 Flow(m 20 0
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-23 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Figure 4.11 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) contours over water depth and time based on measurements collected at five stations in Alberni Inlet in June, July and August 2012; Bottom graph shows Somass and Stamp River discharge rates in 2012.
180 Somass River Flow 160 140 Stamp River Flow 120 /s)
3 100 80 60 40 Flow(m 20 0
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-24 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 4.5 DISCUSSION
Low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the deeper waters of Alberni Inlet and its potential effect on migrating sockeye salmon populations has been extensively studied over the past 50 years (Birtwell et al. 1983, DFO 1994, DFO 1996, Jane et al. 1998). However, due to difficulties in sampling and assessing sockeye populations directly, efforts have focussed on monitoring water and sediment quality conditions in the upper inlet, comparing them to known water quality preferences of migrating sockeye salmon (Tully 1949, FRBC1957, Seaconsult 1989, 1990, 1994 and 2002, Hatfield 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007a, 2007b, 2008, 2009, 2010a 2010b, 2011, 2012, 2013). This study built on the methods and results of the DFO 1990 and 1994 programs examining sockeye population directly, and, using results of the long-term water and sediment quality monitoring programs, we were able to determine the current water quality conditions experienced by migrating sockeye populations through upper Alberni Inlet.
Persistent hypoxic conditions have been documented in the sub-halocline waters of Alberni Inlet as far back as 1941 (Tully 1949) and are presumed to be related to the naturally-slow flushing rates experienced in the upper inlet (DFO 1996). Historically, the high BOD of effluent, discharged from the Port Alberni paper mill into the upper inlet, had contributed to the decline in DO concentrations of surface waters by an average of 1 mg/L and by as much as 4 mg/L in deeper sub-halocline waters from pre-discharge conditions (Tully 1949 and DFO 1996). However, numerous process changes and effluent treatment processes that have occurred over the years have significantly improved effluent quality so that it no longer exhibits an effect on the aquatic environment (Section 2.0 and 3.0 of this report).
While current effluent quality and discharge conditions no longer exhibit an effect on the aquatic environment, decades of effluent discharge, prior to the introduction of effluent treatment operations in 1970 and 1993, into the upper inlet had created a fibre-mat that was determined to exacerbate naturally low near-bottom DO concentrations in an area between the outfall and Holm Island (~1 km2; Hatfield 2010a). This fibre mat was re-examined in 2009 and it was determined that its magnitude and extent had decreased significantly (>50%) and currently only exhibits an effect on overlying DO concentrations in the immediate vicinity of the outfall (i.e., an area of approximately 0.29 to 0.56 km2; Hatfield 2010a).
Historically, low near-bottom DO concentrations (<3.0 mg/L) have been documented as far up in the water column as 5 m from surface and as far seaward as 5 km from the Somass River (DFO 1994, Seaconsult 1994). These historically low DO concentrations combined with high Somass River temperatures (>°20C) can have detrimental effects to migrating sockeye salmon. River Temperatures in excess of 21°C are known to delay sockeye migration (Hyatt et al. 2003), while DO concentrations generally <5.0 mg/L are known to increase stress levels and energy demands and decrease survivability (Stucchi et al., 1990, Pauley et al. 1989, Newcomb and Pierce 2010). The significance of the
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-25 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report concern over the health of migrating sockeye in Alberni Inlet was exemplified by the mass mortality event that occurred in the summer of 1990. During this summer, warm and stable climactic conditions elevated surface water temperatures in the Somass River and upper Alberni Inlet causing migration delays of up to 8 weeks. Hydroacoustic surveys in 1994 determined that fish were holding at depth in cooler (11 to 12°C), historically hypoxic (<3.0 mg/L) saltwater, rather that continuing their migration through the warmer more oxygenated surface waters. Prolonged exposure to these adverse conditions likely attributed to the mortality of more than 100,000 adult sockeye prior to reaching their spawning grounds (DFO 1994 and 1996).
Results of this study determined that while sockeye in Alberni Inlet continue to prefer water temperatures in the range of 9.5 to12.0°C, DO conditions at the depths within this temperature range have greatly improved and remained above 5.0 mg/L. In addition, results of this study and the annual Port Alberni dissolved monitoring program have determined that low DO concentrations in the vicinity of the outfall are generally restricted to the lower 3 to 4 m in a cooler temperature range that is undesirable (<9.5°C) to migrating sockeye, based on 2012 results. Furthermore, sockeye in Alberni Inlet are known to pool in the areas between Polly Point and Lone-tree Point when water conditions become unfavorable (DFO 1996). Water quality conditions in those areas are typically better there than (i.e., higher DO concentrations at depths with a temperature range preferred by migrating sockeye) in areas closer to the outfall.
While results of this study show an overall improvement in the water quality conditions experienced by migrating sockeye in Alberni Inlet, the early migration timing observed 2012 was considered anomalous and in contrast to those observed in 1990 and 1994 (Hyatt and Dobson, DFO unpublished data). In 2012, higher than normal flows in the Somass River and relatively cool surface water temperatures during most of the migration period resulted in almost no migration barriers and near optimal conditions for migrating sockeye. Although it may be considered that effects of the historical fibre-mat may still contribute to poor near-bottom DO conditions, and that this effect may be exacerbated in a year where migration timing and climactic conditions are similar those observed in 1990 and 1994, this is considered unlikely given that current effects of the fibre-mat are small and localized. In addition, current DO concentrations in the temperature range where sockeye were holding in 1990 and 1994 show that current concentrations would be >5 mg/L at nearly all locations and >7 mg/L in known holding areas.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 4-26 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 5.0 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the Port Alberni EEM Cycle Six Program the following conclusions can be made.
5.1 SUBLETHAL TOXICITY OF EFFLUENT
Effects on echinoderm fertilization were observed at a mean effluent concentration of 30.0% (IC25); and algal reproduction was affected at a mean effluent concentration of 1.0% (IC25).
The sublethal toxicity of effluent discharged from the Port Alberni paper mill was similar to, or slightly greater than that observed in recent EEM cycles. Sublethal toxicity testing results indicate that Port Alberni effluent may influence the receiving environment in a zone up to 100 m for invertebrate fertilization, and 2,888 m for algal reproduction.
5.2 EFFECTS OF LOW DISSOLVED OXYGEN ON MIGRATING FISH POPULATIONS
The following is a summary of the potential effects of the historical fibre mat and associated low near-bottom DO concentrations on migrating sockeye salmon in Alberni Inlet. This summary includes results and conclusions from the EEM Cycle Six program (this study) as well as the annual Port Alberni dissolved monitoring program and past EEM cycle studies examining the magnitude and extent of the historic fibre mat.
. EEM benthos and sediment surveys have shown that the current magnitude and extent of the fibre mat is very small and localized around the outfall;
. Annual DO monitoring in upper Alberni Inlet has shown considerable improvement in near-bottom DO relative to the 1990s and earlier;
. Results of the 2012 sockeye tagging and hydroacoustic surveys demonstrated that sockeye are occupying similar depth and temperature ranges to those observed in 1990s surveys; however, DO concentrations in those ranges have greatly improved to conditions unlikely to adversely affect migrating salmon.
Overall, results indicate that historical impacts of paper mill effluent in Alberni Inlet no longer pose a risk to migrating sockeye salmon and that current Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations effluent quality standards are protective of fish.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 5-1 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report
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Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 5-2 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 6.0 CLOSURE
We trust the above information meets your requirements. If you have any questions or comments, please contact the undersigned.
HATFIELD CONSULTANTS:
Approved by: 27 March 2013
Colin Schwindt, B.Sc., RPBio Date Project Manager
Approved by: 27 March 2013
Martin Davies, MES, RPBio Date Project Director
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 6-1 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report
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Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 6-2 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 7.0 REFERENCES
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Birtwell IK, Hyatt K, Korstrom JS, Kruzynski GM, Langton CM, Piercey GE, Spohn S (DFO). 1994. Behaviour and physiological responses of adult sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) salmon exposed to simulated estuarine conditions and saltwater hypoxia. Presented in High performance fish. Proceedings’ of an International Fish Physiology Symposium. University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, American Fisheries Society and Fish Physiology Association. (1) 243-245.
Cooke SJ, Crossing GT, Patterson DA, English KK, Hinch SG, Young JL, Alexander RF, Healey MC, Van Der Kraak G, Farrell AP. 2005. Coupling non-invasive physiological assessments with telemetry to understand inter- individual variation in behavior and survivorship of sockeye salmon: development and validation of a technique. J. Fish Biol. 67: 1342-1358 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00830.x.
Cooke SJ, Hinch SG, Crossin GT, Patterson DA, English KK, Healey MC, Shrimpton JM, Van Der Kraak G, Farrell AP. 2006. Mechanistic basis of individual mortality in Pacific salmon during spawning migrations. Ecology, 87: 1575-1586. Doi10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1575:MBOIMI] 2.0.CO;2.PMID:16869433.
Donaldson MR, Cooke SJ, Patterson DA, Hinch SG, Robichaud D, Hanson KC, Olsson I, Crossin GT, English KK, Farrell AP. 2009. Limited behavioural thermoregulation by adult upriver-migrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Lower Fraser River, British Columbia.
Environment Canada. 1997. Biological Test Method: Fertilization Assay Using Echinoids (Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars). Report EPS 1/RM/27 (December 1992, and November 1997 amendments).
Environment Canada. 2010. Pulp and Paper Technical Guidance for Aquatic Environmental Effects Monitoring. Environment Canada. 2010.
[FRBC] Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 1957. Physical and chemical data record, Alberni Inlet and Harbour, 1939 and 1941. Nanaimo (BC): Pacific Oceanographic Group, Fisheries Research Board of Canada.
Government of Canada. 2004. Regulations amending the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations. Canada Gazette Part II, Vol. 138, No. 10. SOR/2004-109. May 2004. p. 598-658.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 7-1 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Government of Canada. 2008. Regulations Amending the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations. Registered July 28, 2008. Canada Gazette Part II, Vol. 142, No. 16 SOR/DORS/2008-239 published August 6, 2008.
Hatfield Consultants Ltd. 2004. Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division, Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) Cycle Three interpretive report. Port Alberni (BC): Port Alberni Division, NorskeCanada.
Hatfield Consultants Ltd. 2005. Port Alberni Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Program interpretive report (2003 to 2004). Port Alberni (BC): Port Alberni Division, NorskeCanada.
Hatfield Consultants Ltd. 2006. Port Alberni Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Program interpretive report (2005). Port Alberni (BC): Port Alberni Division, NorskeCanada.
Hatfield Consultants Ltd. 2007a. Port Alberni Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Program interpretive report (2006). Port Alberni (BC): Port Alberni Division, NorskeCanada.
Hatfield Consultants Ltd. 2007b. Port Alberni Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) Cycle Four interpretive report. Port Alberni (BC): Port Alberni Division, NorskeCanada.
Hatfield Consultants Ltd. 2008. Port Alberni Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Program interpretive report (2007). Port Alberni (BC): Port Alberni Division, NorskeCanada.
Hatfield Consultants Ltd. 2009. Port Alberni Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Program interpretive report (2008). Port Alberni (BC): Port Alberni Division, NorskeCanada.
Hatfield Consultants Partnership. 2010a. Port Alberni Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) Cycle Five interpretive report. Port Alberni (BC): Port Alberni Division, NorskeCanada.
Hatfield Consultants Partnership. 2010b. Port Alberni Oxygen Monitoring Program interpretive report (2009). Port Alberni (BC): Catalyst Paper Corp. Port Alberni Division.
Hatfield Consultants Partnership. 2011. Port Alberni Oxygen Monitoring Program interpretive report (2010). Port Alberni (BC): Catalyst Paper Corp. Port Alberni Division.
Hatfield Consultants Partnership. 2012. Port Alberni Oxygen Monitoring Program interpretive report (2011). Port Alberni (BC): Catalyst Paper Corp. Port Alberni Division.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 7-2 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Hatfield Consultants Partnership. 2013. Port Alberni Oxygen Monitoring Program interpretive report (2012). Port Alberni (BC): Catalyst Paper Corp. Port Alberni Division. in progress
Hodgins DO, Webb AJ, Hodgins SLM. 1993. Assessment of Water Quality in Alberni Harbour, Phase 9: Mill effluent dispersion study. Prepared for MacMillan Bloedel Ltd., Alberni Pulp and Paper Division, by Seaconsult Marine Research Ltd.
Hyatt KD, Stockwell MM, Rankin DP. 2003. Impact and adaptation response of Okanogan River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to climate variation and change effects during freshwater migration: stock restoration and fisheries management implications. Can Water Res. Journal 28(4) 689-713.
Hyatt KD, Dobson D. 2012. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) unpublished Somass River escapement data.
Jain KE, Birtwell IK, Farrell AP. 1998. Repeat swimming performance of mature sockeye salmon following a brief recovery period: a proposed measure of fish health and water quality. Can. J. Zool. (76) 1488-1496.
Newcomb J, Pierce L. 2010. Low dissolved oxygen levels in the Stockton deep water shipping channel: Adverse effects of salmon and steelhead and potential beneficial effects of raising dissolved oxygen levels with the aeration facility. Prepared for the Department of Water Resources, Delta Bay Office. 29p
Pauley GB, Risher R, Thomas GL. 1989. Species Profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Northwest) – sockeye salmon. US. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. US Army Corp of Engineers (82) 22p.
Seaconsult. 1989. Assessment of water quality in Alberni Harbour, Phase 1: Review of Data. Prepared for MacMillan Bloedel Ltd., Alberni Pulp and Paper Ltd., by Seaconsult Marine Research Ltd., March 1989.
Seaconsult. 1992. Assessment of water quality in Alberni Harbour, Phase 6: Fibre mat quantity survey. Prepared for MacMillan Bloedel Ltd., Alberni Pulp and Paper Ltd., by Seaconsult Marine Research Ltd., April 1992.
Seaconsult. 1994. Environmental Effects Monitoring pre-design study for the Alberni Pulp and Paper Mill at Port Alberni, British Columbia, Part 1: Baseline Information. Port Alberni (BC): Alberni Pulp and Paper Division, MacMillan Bloedel Ltd.
Seaconsult. 2000. Environmental effects monitoring study for the Alberni Pulp and Paper Mill at Port Alberni, British Columbia: Final interpretive report for Cycle 2. Prepared for Pacifica Papers Inc., Alberni Specialties Division, by Seaconsult Marine Research Ltd., March 2000.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 7-3 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Seaconsult. 2002. Receiving water sampling and biological monitoring annual report for 2001, Alberni Inlet and Somass River Estuary. Port Alberni (BC): Port Alberni Division, Catalyst Paper.
Spohn S, Birtwell IK, Hohndorf H, Korstrom JS, Langton CM, Piercey GE (DFO). 1996. Preliminary Studies on the Movement of Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Alberni Inlet, British Columbia, using Ultrasonic Telemetry. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, #2355
Stucchi DA, Colodey A, Birtwell M, Waldichuk M, Hyatt K, Knapp W. 1990. Review of the water quality issues in Port Alberni harbour. Canada, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, unpublished report. 16p
Tully JP. 1949. Oceanography and prediction of pulp mill pollution in Alberni Inlet. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. (83): 126p
[U.S. EPA] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Water to Marine and Estuarine Organisms, Third Edition. EPA-821/R/02- 014. October 2002.
U.S. EPA. 1995. Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to West Coast Marine and Estuarine Organisms, First Edition. EPA/600/R-95/136. August 1995.
Webb AJ, McCullough DF. 1992. Assessment of Water Quality in Alberni Harbour, Phase 6: Fibre Mat Quantity Survey. Prepared for MacMillan Bloedel Ltd., Alberni Pulp and Paper Division, by Seaconsult Marine Research Ltd. April 1992.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 7-4 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report 8.0 GLOSSARY
Acute With reference to toxicity tests with fish, usually means an effect that happens within four to seven days, or an exposure of that duration. An acute effect could be mild or sublethal, if it were rapid.
ANCOVA Analysis of covariance. ANCOVA compares regression lines, testing for differences in either slopes or intercepts (adjusted means).
ANOVA Analysis of variance. An ANOVA tests for differences among levels of one or more factors. For example, individual sites are levels of the factor site. Two or more factors can be included in an ANOVA (e.g., site and year).
BOD Biochemical oxygen demand. The test measures the oxygen utilized during a specified incubation period for the biochemical degradation of organic material and the oxygen used to oxidize inorganic material such as sulfides and ferrous iron. Usually conducted as a 5-day test (i.e., BOD5).
CL Confidence limits. A set of possible values within which the true value will lie with a specified level of probability.
Concentration Units Concentration Units Abbreviation Units Table Parts per million ppm mg/kg or µg/g or % Parts per billion ppb µg/kg or ng/g or µg/L Parts per trillion ppt ng/kg or pg/g or ng/L Parts per quadrillion ppq pg/kg or fg/g or pg/L
Conductivity A numerical expression of the ability of an aqueous solution to carry an electric current. This ability depends on the presence of ions, their total concentration, mobility, valence and relative concentrations, and on the temperature of measurement.
Dioxins/Furans Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are often simply called dioxins, although they are two separate groups of substances with similar effects. There are 210 different compounds, of which 17 are the most toxic.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 8-1 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report DO Dissolved oxygen, the gaseous oxygen in solution with water. At low concentrations it may become a limiting factor for the maintenance of aquatic life. It is normally measured in milligrams/litre, and is widely used as a criterion of receiving water quality. The level of dissolved oxygen which can exist in water before the saturation point is reached is primarily controlled by temperature, with lower temperatures allowing for more oxygen to exist in solution. Photosynthetic activity may cause the dissolved oxygen to exist at a level which is higher than this saturation point, whereas respiration may cause it to exist at a level which is lower than this saturation point. At high saturation, fish may contract gas bubble disease, which produces lesions in blood vessels and other tissues and subsequent physiological dysfunctions.
ECp A point estimate of the concentration of test material that causes a specified percentage effective toxicity (sublethal or lethal). In most instances, the ECp is statistically derived by analysis of an observed biological response (e.g., incidence of nonviable embryos or reduced hatching success) for various test concentrations after a fixed period of exposure. EC25 is used for the rainbow trout sublethal toxicity test.
Fecundity The number of eggs or offspring produced by a female.
Hardness Total hardness is defined as the sum of the calcium and magnesium concentrations, both expressed as calcium carbonate, in milligrams per litre.
ICp A point estimate of the concentration of test material that causes a specified percentage impairment in a quantitative biological test which measures a change in rate, such as reproduction, growth, or respiration.
LC50 Median lethal concentration. The concentration of a substance that is estimated to kill half of a group of organisms. The
duration of exposure must be specified (e.g., 96-hour LC50).
LSI Liver Somatic Index. Calculated by expressing liver weight as a percent of whole body weight.
Near Bottom Within 2 m of bottom (i.e., sediment/water interface)
Negative Control Material (e.g., water) that is essentially free of contaminants and of any other characteristics that could adversely affect the test organism. It is used to assess the "background response" of the test organism to determine the acceptability of the test using predefined criteria.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 8-2 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report Organochlorine Chlorine that is attached to an organic molecule. The amount present is expressed as the weight of the chlorine. There are thousands of such substances, including some that are manufactured specifically as pesticides because of their toxicity. pH A measure of the acid or alkaline nature of water or some other medium. Specifically, pH is the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion (H30+) concentration (or more precisely, activity). Practically, pH 7 represents a neutral condition in which the acid hydrogen ions balance the alkaline hydroxide ions. The pH of the water can have an important influence on the toxicity and mobility of chemicals in pulpmill effluents.
Plume The main pathway for dispersal of effluent within the receiving waters, prior to its complete mixing.
Population A group of organisms belonging to a particular species or taxon, found within a particular region, territory or sampling unit. A collection of organisms that interbreed and share a bounded segment of space. ppt Parts per thousand.
Quality Assurance (QA) Refers to the externally imposed technical and management practices which ensure the generation of quality and defensible data commensurate with the intended use of the data; a set of operating principles that, if strictly followed, will produce data of known defensible quality.
Quality Control (QC) Specific aspect of quality assurance which refers to the internal techniques used to measure and assess data quality and the remedial actions to be taken when data quality objectives are not realized.
Redox Potential (Eh) In marine sediments, the measurement of reduction and oxidation by testing electron movement and, consequently, available oxygen. Reference Toxicant A chemical of quantified toxicity to test organisms, used to gauge the fitness, health, and sensitivity of a batch of test organisms. Resin Acids Any of a class of vegetable substances, composed chiefly of esters and ethers of organic acids, that occur as a sticky yellow or brown substance exuded on the bark of various plants and trees, such as the pine and fir.
Salinity A measure of the quantity of dissolved salts in seawater - in parts per thousand (ppt) by weight.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 8-3 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report SD Standard deviation.
SE Standard error.
Secondary Treatment A stage of purification of a liquid waste in which micro- organisms decompose organic substances in the waste. In the process, the micro-organisms use oxygen. Oxygen usually is supplied by mechanical aeration and/or large surface area of treatment ponds (lagoons). Most secondary treatment also reduces toxicity.
Stressor An environmental factor or group of factors eliciting a response by a community.
Sublethal A concentration or level that would not cause death. An effect that is not directly lethal.
T4CDD 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin, the most toxic dioxin.
TN Total nitrogen.
TOC Total organic carbon (TOC).
Total-TEQs TEQs are calculated by multiplying the concentration of each congener with its respective International Toxicity Equivalency Factor (ITEF), to normalize concentrations to the level that would be produced by an equivalent amount of 2,3,7,8-T4CDD, then summing all the concentrations.
TS Total sulphides.
TSS Total suspended solids (TSS) is a measurement of the oven dry weight of particles of matter suspended in the water which can be filtered through a standard filter paper with pore size of 0.45 micrometres.
Turbidity Turbidity in water is caused by the presence of matter such as clay, silt, organic matter, plankton, and other microscopic organisms that are held in suspension. v/v volume/volume - used to define dilution ratios for two liquids.
Port Alberni – Environmental Effect Monitoring (EEM) 8-4 Hatfield Cycle Six Interpretive Report
APPENDICES
Appendix A1
Sublethal Toxicity Data and Calculations
Figure A1.1 Mean (± SD) percent fertilized eggs of an echinoderm exposed to final effluent and control water Catalyst Paper - Port Alberni Division, EEM Cycle Six
March 2, 2010 (Winter 2010) November 15, 2010 (Summer 2010) May 2, 2011 (Winter 2011)
100 100 100
80 80 80
60 60 60
40 40 40 % Eggs Fertilized Fertilized Eggs % % Eggs Fertilized Fertilized Eggs % Fertilized Eggs %
20 20 20
0 0 0 0.0 6.3 12.5 25.0 50.0 100.0 0.0 6.3 12.5 25.0 50.0 100.0 0.0 6.3 12.5 25.0 50.0 100.0 Effluent Concentration (% v/v) Effluent Concentration (% v/v) Effluent Concentration (% v/v)
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
October 31, 2011 (Summer 2011) March 27, 2012 (Winter 2012) October 22, 2012 (Summer 2012)
100 100 100
80 80 80
60 60 60
40 40 40 % Eggs Fertilized Fertilized Eggs % % Eggs Fertilized Fertilized Eggs % Fertilized Eggs %
20 20 20
0 0 0 0.0 1.6 3.1 6.2 12.5 25.0 50.0 100.0 0.0 1.6 3.1 6.2 12.5 25.0 50.0 100.0 0.0 1.6 3.1 6.2 12.5 25.0 50.0 100.0 Effluent Concentration (% v/v) Effluent Concentration (% v/v) Effluent Concentration (% v/v)
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Figure A1.2 Mean (± SD) number of cystocarps produced by an alga (Champia parvula ) exposed to final effluent and control water, Alberni Catalyst Paper - Port Alberni Division, EEM Cycle Six.
March 2, 2010 (Winter 2010) November 15, 2010 (Summer 2010) May 2, 2011 (Winter 2011)
110 110 110 100 100 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 70 70 70 60 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 40 No. ofcystocarps No. ofcystocarps 30 30 No. ofcystocarps 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0.56 1.86 6.2 20.7 69 0 0.24 0.81 2.7 8.9 29.7 0 0.24 0.81 2.7 8.9 29.7
Effluent Concentration (% v/v) Effluent Concentration (% v/v) Effluent Concentration (% v/v)
September 26, 2011 (Summer 2011) March 27, 2012 (Winter 2012) October 22, 2012 (Summer 2012)
110 110 110 100 100 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 70 70 70 60 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 40 No. ofcystocarps No. ofcystocarps 30 30 No. ofcystocarps 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0.8 2.7 8.9 29.7 99 0 0.07 0.24 0.81 2.7 8.9 29.7 99.0 0 0.07 0.24 0.81 2.7 8.9
Effluent Concentration (% v/v) Effluent Concentration (% v/v) Effluent Concentration (% v/v) Table A1.1 Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division, Sublethal Effluent Toxicity Test Results, Cycle Six.
Effluent Collection Test type Description Date Project Consultant / Testing Period Species Tested S=Survival, EC25 or EC25 or Comments Number (final, cooling, Laboratory EC25 or yyyymmdd G=Growth, IC25 Lower IC25 Upper etc.) IC25 % R=Reproduction 95% cI 95% cI Strongylocentrotus Winter 2010 pp1052 Final effluent 20100302 Cantest R 30.8 28.5 32.8 purpuratus Saskatchewan Winter 2010 pp1052 Final effluent 20100302 Champia parvula R 6.05 0.0 29.74 Research Council Strongylocentrotus Summer 2010 pp1052 Final effluent 20101115 Maxxam Analytics R 34.4 25.0 52.5 purpuratus Aquatox Testing & Summer 2010 pp1052 Final effluent 20101115 Champia parvula R 0.5 0.49 0.66 Consulting Inc. Strongylocentrotus Winter 2011 pp1052 Final effluent 20110502 Maxxam Analytics R 55.0 52.2 57.4 purpuratus Aquatox Testing & Winter 2011 pp1052 Final effluent 20110502 Champia parvula R 0.51 0.37 0.59 Consulting Inc. Strongylocentrotus Summer 2011 pp1052 Final effluent 20110926 Nautilus Environmental R 18.3 17.0 19.7 purpuratus Aquatox Testing & Effluent concentrations 0.07 and 0.24 Summer 2011 pp1052 Final effluent 20111031 Champia parvula R 4.57 3.98 4.78 Consulting Inc. not tested. Strongylocentrotus Winter 2012 pp1052 Final effluent 20120327 Nautilus Environmental R 32.3 29.8 35.0 purpuratus Aquatox Testing & Winter 2012 pp1052 Final effluent 20120327 Champia parvula R 0.22 0.18 0.30 Consulting Inc. Final Effluent Strongylocentrotus Summer 2012 pp1052 20121022 Nautilus Environmental R 21.2 16.2 28.6 Grab purpuratus Final Effluent Aquatox Testing & Summer 2012 pp1052 20121022 Champia parvula R 0.81 0.23 1.10 Effluent concentration 0.02 not counted. Grab Consulting Inc.
Appendix A2 iBCOD Tag Temperature Data
Table A2.1 Thermal history of sockeye salmon migrating through Alberni Inlet and the lower Somass River, July 2012.
Tag ID 1C321 2B621 3BE21 4E221 5C221 6CB21 6DA21 7AE21 7FC21 29F21 94A21 Date Tagged July 4th @ 15:00 July 4th @ 15:00 July 4th @ 15:00 July 4th @ 10:00 July 4th @ 19:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 17:00 Location tagged Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Date of River Entry July 5th @ 20:00 July 6th @ 20:00 July 6th @ 14:00 July 5th @ 11:00 July 6th @ 13:00 July 6th @ 13:00 July 6th @ 20:00 July 6th @ 04:00 July 6th @ 13:00 July 5th @ 22:00 July 5th @ 22:00 1 Date Caught July 8th @ 12:00 na July 8th @ 14:00 July 6th @ 17 :00 July 8th @ 12:00 July 7th @ 22:00 July 8th @ 08:00 July 7th @ 20:00 July 8th @ 16:00 July 6th @ 12:00 July 6th @ 10:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 29 43 47 25 42 43 50 34 45 30 29 Time in River (hours) 64 unknown 48 30 47 33 36 28 51 14 12 Date/Time ---- 7/4/2012 7:01 - - - 13.125 ------7/4/2012 8:01 - - - 12.875 ------7/4/2012 9:01 - - - 13 ------7/4/2012 10:01 - - - 17.375 ------7/4/2012 11:01 - - - 13.625 ------7/4/2012 12:01 - - - 13.875 ------7/4/2012 13:01 26.375 18.625 25 11.875 ------7/4/2012 14:01 26.375 24 26.375 14.25 ----26.375 24.375 - 7/4/2012 15:01 26.375 26 26.375 14.375 ----26.375 25.5 26.375 7/4/2012 16:01 14.875 18.25 14.5 14.75 20.375 20.875 20.25 21 23.5 18.5 19.75 7/4/2012 17:01 9.75 16.375 12.75 14.875 21.25 21.5 21 21.5 14.5 17.5 26.375 7/4/2012 18:01 9.625 11.25 13.75 15.125 22 20.25 21.75 22 16 10.5 13.75 7/4/2012 19:01 15.5 12.25 14.5 14.875 20.125 13.875 9 14 13.75 15.25 14.75 7/4/2012 20:01 16 14.25 14 15.125 15 11.25 14.5 10.5 16 15.125 14.5 7/4/2012 21:01 13.25 14.5 14.25 14.125 15.25 14.625 10.875 15 16 14.75 11.5 7/4/2012 22:01 14.5 15.125 14.625 15.125 14.875 14.5 12.625 13.375 15.375 14.5 10.5 7/4/2012 23:01 14.375 14.75 14.625 15.375 15.25 9.875 13.625 11.375 15.25 14.875 10.625 7/5/2012 0:01 11.25 14.375 14.875 15 15.25 10 14.875 14.5 15.375 14.5 10.75 7/5/2012 1:01 11.25 14.625 14.875 15.125 14.375 9.875 11 14.25 14.75 14.375 10.5 7/5/2012 2:01 10.75 14.625 14.625 15 14.5 10 14.625 14.625 14.625 14.5 13.875 7/5/2012 3:01 10.25 14.75 14.125 15 14.125 10 14.125 14.5 14.5 14.375 14.125 7/5/2012 4:01 10.25 14.5 14 14.875 13.75 9.875 14.125 14.375 14.5 13.125 14.5 7/5/2012 5:01 12.375 14.75 14.125 14.375 12.25 13 12.625 14.125 14.5 14.875 14.375 7/5/2012 6:01 13.625 11.625 14.375 14.375 12 13.75 13.875 14.25 14.125 15 14.125 7/5/2012 7:01 13 14 14.375 14.75 12.75 14.125 13.875 14.25 12.125 14.875 14.625 7/5/2012 8:01 14.75 12.625 13.625 13.5 14.375 14 14.125 14.875 11.875 14.5 14.375 7/5/2012 9:01 15 14.125 13.125 14.5 14.625 14.75 13.875 14.75 14.125 14.75 14.625 7/5/2012 10:01 11.25 13.5 13.875 14.5 15.125 13.375 12.875 14.625 15.375 14.875 14.625 7/5/2012 11:01 14.875 14.75 11.875 15 15.25 14.625 14 14.625 15.375 15 14.625 7/5/2012 12:01 10 15.75 14.25 15.125 15.25 11.125 14.875 14.625 15.125 15.125 15.25 7/5/2012 13:01 13.125 15.75 15 15 15.625 15.375 15.25 14.75 15.375 15.5 15.125 7/5/2012 14:01 15.625 15.75 15.25 15.375 15.75 15.375 15.25 15.125 15.375 15.5 15.625 7/5/2012 15:01 16 15.75 15.375 15.625 15.875 13.75 14.875 15 15.25 15.875 15.5 7/5/2012 16:01 16.125 16.375 15.625 16 16.125 9.875 14.875 16 15.875 16.25 15.875 7/5/2012 17:01 10.625 16.25 15.75 16 16 11.375 15.25 15.875 16.375 15.75 16.5 7/5/2012 18:01 12.875 11.375 16 16.5 15.5 16.125 15.5 15.625 16.5 16.875 16.625 7/5/2012 19:01 15 16 15.625 17 16.5 16 15.5 16 16.125 17.375 17.125 7/5/2012 20:01 16.375 14.25 15.625 17 16.125 15 11.25 12.5 16.75 17.25 17 7/5/2012 21:01 16.5 16 15.125 16.75 15.625 15.375 15.875 16.125 15.75 17 16.875 7/5/2012 22:01 16.125 15.375 15 16.625 16 12.875 10 16.125 16.375 16.75 16.625 7/5/2012 23:01 16 15.875 15.375 16.375 16.5 16 15.25 15.75 16 16.75 16.5 7/6/2012 0:01 16 15.875 14.875 16.25 16.125 15.75 15 15.875 16.25 16.625 16.375 7/6/2012 1:01 16 15.875 15.625 16.25 16 14.75 15.5 16.625 16.25 16.5 16.25 7/6/2012 2:01 15.875 15.625 15.625 16 16 15.125 15.375 16 16.25 16.375 16.125 7/6/2012 3:01 16 15.5 15.75 15.5 15.875 15.25 15.375 16.5 16.25 16 15.875 7/6/2012 4:01 16.125 15.5 15.375 15.25 16 15.625 15.375 16.5 15.875 15.625 15.5 7/6/2012 5:01 15.75 15.5 14.75 14.875 16 15.625 15.375 15.875 15.875 15.375 15 7/6/2012 6:01 11.375 15.5 15.75 14.75 15.75 15.25 15 15.125 13.25 15.125 14.75 7/6/2012 7:01 16.375 15.5 16.125 14.625 14.875 15.25 10 14.875 16 15 14.625 7/6/2012 8:01 16.125 10 16 14.625 15.625 15.625 14.5 14.875 15.75 14.875 14.625
Page 1 of 6 Table A2.1 (Cont'd.)
Tag ID 1C321 2B621 3BE21 4E221 5C221 6CB21 6DA21 7AE21 7FC21 29F21 94A21 Date Tagged July 4th @ 15:00 July 4th @ 15:00 July 4th @ 15:00 July 4th @ 10:00 July 4th @ 19:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 17:00 Location tagged Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Date of River Entry July 5th @ 20:00 July 6th @ 20:00 July 6th @ 14:00 July 5th @ 11:00 July 6th @ 13:00 July 6th @ 13:00 July 6th @ 20:00 July 6th @ 04:00 July 6th @ 13:00 July 5th @ 22:00 July 5th @ 22:00 1 Date Caught July 8th @ 12:00 na July 8th @ 14:00 July 6th @ 17 :00 July 8th @ 12:00 July 7th @ 22:00 July 8th @ 08:00 July 7th @ 20:00 July 8th @ 16:00 July 6th @ 12:00 July 6th @ 10:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 29 43 47 25 42 43 50 34 45 30 29 Time in River (hours) 64 unknown 48 30 47 33 36 28 51 14 12 Date/Time 7/6/2012 9:01 16 10.875 16.125 14.625 14.875 16.25 13.5 14.875 15 15 14.625 7/6/2012 10:01 15 15.875 15.75 14.75 16.25 15.75 15.375 15.125 16.875 15.125 26 7/6/2012 11:01 15.375 16.375 15 15 16.5 16 15.75 15.375 15.5 15.5 26.375 7/6/2012 12:01 15.5 13.25 15.25 15.25 16.375 15.25 16.375 15.625 16.75 26.375 26.375 7/6/2012 13:01 15.625 16.5 15.25 15.625 15.75 15.625 16 16 16.125 26.375 26.375 7/6/2012 14:01 16.125 16.5 15.875 16.125 16.125 16 15.875 16.375 16.25 23.125 - 7/6/2012 15:01 16.5 16.5 16.25 16.375 16.625 16.375 16.375 16.5 16.75 25.875 - 7/6/2012 16:01 16.75 17.5 16.375 16.25 16.75 16.625 16.25 16.625 17 - - 7/6/2012 17:01 16.75 17.625 16.375 23.75 16.875 16.5 17.125 16.75 17.125 - - 7/6/2012 18:01 16.875 17.25 16.5 25 16.875 16.75 16.875 17.125 17.125 - - 7/6/2012 19:01 17 17 16.75 24 17.125 16.875 16.375 16.875 17.5 - - 7/6/2012 20:01 17.25 17.375 17 24.25 17.375 17.125 16.875 18.5 17.625 - - 7/6/2012 21:01 17.25 17.375 16.875 - 17.25 17 17 19 17.5 - - 7/6/2012 22:01 17 17.25 16.625 - 17 16.75 17 18.5 17.25 - - 7/6/2012 23:01 16.75 17 16.5 - 16.875 16.625 16.875 15.875 17.125 - - 7/7/2012 0:01 16.625 16.875 16.25 - 16.75 16.375 16.75 21.75 16.875 - - 7/7/2012 1:01 16.375 16.625 16 - 16.5 16.25 16.5 - 16.75 - - 7/7/2012 2:01 16.25 16.75 15.875 - 16.625 16.125 16.5 - 16.5 - - 7/7/2012 3:01 16.125 16.625 15.75 - 16.5 15.875 16.375 - 16.375 - - 7/7/2012 4:01 16 16.375 15.5 - 16.25 15.625 15.875 - 16.125 - - 7/7/2012 5:01 15.75 16 15.375 - 16 15.5 15.625 - 16 - - 7/7/2012 6:01 15.5 15.75 15.125 - 15.75 15.25 15.375 - 15.75 - - 7/7/2012 7:01 15.375 15.625 15.125 - 15.625 15.25 15.25 - 15.75 - - 7/7/2012 8:01 15.375 15.5 15 - 15.5 15.125 15.25 - 15.875 - - 7/7/2012 9:01 15.375 15.625 15 - 15.5 15.25 15.25 - 15.75 - - 7/7/2012 10:01 15.625 15.75 15.125 - 15.75 15.375 15.375 - 15.875 - - 7/7/2012 11:01 15.875 16 15.5 - 15.875 15.625 15.625 - 16.125 - - 7/7/2012 12:01 16.25 16.5 15.875 - 16.25 16 16 - 16.375 - - 7/7/2012 13:01 16.625 17 16.375 - 16.625 16.375 16.5 - 16.625 - - 7/7/2012 14:01 17 17.375 16.75 - 16.875 16.875 16.875 - 17 - - 7/7/2012 15:01 17.375 17.75 17.125 - 17.375 17.25 17.25 - 17.25 - - 7/7/2012 16:01 17.5 18 17.375 - 17.5 17.5 17.375 - 17.125 - - 7/7/2012 17:01 17.75 18.25 17.625 - 17.75 17.75 17.75 - 18 - - 7/7/2012 18:01 17 18.25 17.75 - 18 17.875 17.875 - 18.25 - - 7/7/2012 19:01 17.5 18.25 17.75 - 16.125 17.875 17.875 - 18.375 - - 7/7/2012 20:01 17.625 18 17.75 - 18.125 17.625 17.875 - 18.375 - - 7/7/2012 21:01 17.875 17.75 17.375 - 17.875 17.375 17.625 - 18.125 - - 7/7/2012 22:01 17.75 17.625 17.25 - 17.625 19.5 17.25 - 17.875 - - 7/7/2012 23:01 17.625 17.375 17 - 17.375 17.75 17.125 - 17.75 - - 7/8/2012 0:01 17.5 17.125 16.75 - 17.375 16.625 17 - 17.625 - - 7/8/2012 1:01 17.25 17 16.5 - 17.25 15.875 16.75 - 17.5 - - 7/8/2012 2:01 17 16.75 16.375 - 17.125 - 16.5 - 17.375 - - 7/8/2012 3:01 17 16.625 16.25 - 16.875 - 16.375 - 17.25 - - 7/8/2012 4:01 16.875 16.5 16.125 - 16.75 - 16.25 - 17 - - 7/8/2012 5:01 16.125 16.375 15.875 - 16.5 - 16.125 - 16.75 - - 7/8/2012 6:01 16.125 16.25 15.75 - 16.125 - 15.875 - 16.375 - - 7/8/2012 7:01 16 16.125 15.625 - 16 - 15.75 - 16.25 - - 7/8/2012 8:01 16 16.125 15.625 - 16 - 20.375 - 16.25 - - 7/8/2012 9:01 16 16.25 15.625 - 16.125 - 15.625 - 16.375 - -
Page 2 of 6 Table A2.1 (Cont'd.)
Tag ID 1C321 2B621 3BE21 4E221 5C221 6CB21 6DA21 7AE21 7FC21 29F21 94A21 Date Tagged July 4th @ 15:00 July 4th @ 15:00 July 4th @ 15:00 July 4th @ 10:00 July 4th @ 19:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 17:00 Location tagged Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Date of River Entry July 5th @ 20:00 July 6th @ 20:00 July 6th @ 14:00 July 5th @ 11:00 July 6th @ 13:00 July 6th @ 13:00 July 6th @ 20:00 July 6th @ 04:00 July 6th @ 13:00 July 5th @ 22:00 July 5th @ 22:00 1 Date Caught July 8th @ 12:00 na July 8th @ 14:00 July 6th @ 17 :00 July 8th @ 12:00 July 7th @ 22:00 July 8th @ 08:00 July 7th @ 20:00 July 8th @ 16:00 July 6th @ 12:00 July 6th @ 10:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 29 43 47 25 42 43 50 34 45 30 29 Time in River (hours) 64 unknown 48 30 47 33 36 28 51 14 12 Date/Time 7/8/2012 11:01 16.375 16.625 16 - 16.5 - 17.875 - 16.625 - - 7/8/2012 12:01 17.625 17 16.375 - 26.375 - - - 17.125 - - 7/8/2012 13:01 23.375 17.375 16.5 - 26.375 - - - 17.375 - - 7/8/2012 14:01 22.75 17.875 19.625 - 26.375 - - - 18.75 - - 7/8/2012 15:01 24 18.25 20.875 - 25.125 - - - 19.125 - - 7/8/2012 16:01 - 18.5 22.625 -----21.5 - - 7/8/2012 17:01 - 18.625 21 -----22-- 7/8/2012 18:01 - 18.625 ------20.875 - - 7/8/2012 19:01 - 18.5 ------21.125 - - 7/8/2012 20:01 - 18.375 ------7/8/2012 21:01 - 18.125 ------7/8/2012 22:01 - 17.875 ------7/8/2012 23:01 - 17.625 ------7/9/2012 0:01 - 17.5 ------7/9/2012 1:01 - 17.25 ------7/9/2012 2:01 - 17.125 ------7/9/2012 3:01 - 17 ------7/9/2012 4:01 - 16.875 ------7/9/2012 5:01 - 16.875 ------7/9/2012 6:01 - 16.75 ------7/9/2012 7:01 - 16.75 ------7/9/2012 8:01 - 16.625 ------7/9/2012 9:01 - 16.75 ------7/9/2012 10:01 - 16.875 ------7/9/2012 11:01 - 17 ------7/9/2012 12:01 - 17.25 ------7/9/2012 13:01 - 17.625 ------7/9/2012 14:01 - 18 ------7/9/2012 15:01 - 18.5 ------7/9/2012 16:01 - 18.75 ------7/9/2012 17:01 - 18.875 ------7/9/2012 18:01 - 18.875 ------7/9/2012 19:01 - 18.75 ------7/9/2012 20:01 - 18.375 ------7/9/2012 21:01 - 18 ------7/9/2012 22:01 - 17.625 ------7/9/2012 23:01 - 17.375 ------7/10/2012 0:01 - 17 ------7/10/2012 1:01 - 16.625 ------7/10/2012 2:01 - 16.375 ------7/10/2012 3:01 - 16.125 ------7/10/2012 4:01 - 15.875 ------7/10/2012 5:01 - 15.75 ------7/10/2012 6:01 - 15.75 ------7/10/2012 7:01 - 15.75 ------7/10/2012 8:01 - 15.75 ------7/10/2012 9:01 - 15.875 ------7/10/2012 10:01 - 16 ------7/10/2012 11:01 - 16.375 ------7/10/2012 12:01 - 16.75 ------7/10/2012 13:01 - 17.25 ------7/10/2012 14:01 - 17.75 ------7/10/2012 15:01 - 18.125 ------
Page 3 of 6 Table A2.1 (Cont'd.)
Tag ID 04721 8821 76321 80221 C5F21 C3921 CC221 D1421 ED021 EF221 Date Tagged July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 17:00 July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 17:00 July 4th @ 19:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 10:00 July 4th @ 13:00 July 4th @ 18:00 Location tagged Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Assists Henderson/Limestone Date of River Entry July 5th @ 22:00 July 5th @ 23:00 July 5th @ 19:00 July 6th @ 09:00 July 5th @ 22:00 July 7th @ 11:00 July 6th @ 18:00 July 5th @ 06:00 July 7th @ 10:00 July 6th @ 07:00 Date Caught July 6th @ 21:00 July 7th @ 13:00 July 7th @ 07:00 July 7th @ 05:00 July 7th 07:00 July 8th @ 16:00 July 7th @ 09:00 July 7th @ 09:00 July 10th @ 12:00 July 7th @ 08:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 30 30 27 39 29 64 48 20 69 37 Time in River (hours) 23 38 36 20 33 29 15 51 74 25 Date/Time ------7/4/2012 7:01 ------7/4/2012 8:01 ------12.875 - - 7/4/2012 9:01 ------13.125 - - 7/4/2012 10:01 ------16.75 - - 7/4/2012 11:01 ------10.75 15.25 - 7/4/2012 12:01 ------1418.5 - 7/4/2012 13:01 ------14.125 20.25 - 7/4/2012 14:01 26.375 - 22.25 ----12.625 15 - 7/4/2012 15:01 26.375 20.75 24.625 - 21.375 - - 14.625 14.875 - 7/4/2012 16:01 20.5 21 19.25 20.75 21.625 - 20.625 13 14.375 21 7/4/2012 17:01 16.875 22.125 9.125 21.625 22.25 21.25 21.625 15 15.125 21.875 7/4/2012 18:01 15.375 10.125 14.75 26.375 13.25 21.875 22.25 15.25 15.125 18.5 7/4/2012 19:01 14.875 9.625 14.75 13.75 10.75 17.875 15.25 15.125 15.25 13.75 7/4/2012 20:01 12.875 12.875 14.75 9.5 14.875 13.375 9.125 15.25 15.5 10.5 7/4/2012 21:01 15 11.375 14.875 14.125 15 14.5 10.125 12.5 16 14.5 7/4/2012 22:01 14.5 11.125 14.5 13.5 14.5 14.375 14.5 15.375 13.125 13.625 7/4/2012 23:01 14.5 10.125 14.875 13.875 14.375 14.5 14.75 15 14.25 10.375 7/5/2012 0:01 14.375 10.25 13.875 14.375 14.625 14.25 14.625 14.875 10.875 10.375 7/5/2012 1:01 14.375 10.375 14.625 12.375 14.875 14 15 14.375 14.25 10.25 7/5/2012 2:01 13.875 11.25 15 14 14.875 14 15 15 14.25 10.375 7/5/2012 3:01 14.25 10.75 14.25 14.125 14.75 13.875 14.875 14.375 14.125 10.5 7/5/2012 4:01 14.5 10.5 14.5 13.625 14.25 13.75 14.375 14.875 14.25 11.25 7/5/2012 5:01 14.625 13.375 13.75 13.25 14.5 13.625 14.375 13 13.5 13.5 7/5/2012 6:01 14.875 11.25 14.625 12.375 14.5 13.25 13.5 14.875 14.25 12.25 7/5/2012 7:01 14.5 12.75 14.625 11.5 14.625 13.125 12.875 15 14.125 13.875 7/5/2012 8:01 13.125 13.125 14.625 13.75 14.75 14 13.875 15 13.75 11.75 7/5/2012 9:01 14.625 14.375 14.375 14.25 14.75 13.75 14.25 15.125 14.125 13.875 7/5/2012 10:01 14.875 11.75 14.5 14.875 14.75 14.5 14.625 15.25 14 14.625 7/5/2012 11:01 15.125 14.75 14.75 14.75 15.125 14.625 15.5 15.25 14 15 7/5/2012 12:01 15.125 15.25 15.375 14.5 15.25 14.5 15.375 15.25 14.125 15.125 7/5/2012 13:01 15.125 15.5 15.125 15.25 15.5 14.5 15.625 15.875 15.875 15.75 7/5/2012 14:01 15.375 15.75 15.375 15.625 15.5 15.125 15.875 16 15.625 15.875 7/5/2012 15:01 15.625 15.875 15.75 15.625 15.875 15.625 16.125 15.625 16.375 15.875 7/5/2012 16:01 15.75 16 16.375 16.25 16.25 15.625 16 16.25 15.5 15.875 7/5/2012 17:01 17 15.75 17 15.625 15.875 16 15.75 16.5 15.5 11.25 7/5/2012 18:01 16.25 16.375 17.125 15.5 16.625 16 16.375 16.875 15.5 16.125 7/5/2012 19:01 16.875 16.375 16.75 10.25 16.875 11.125 16.25 16.75 13.875 16 7/5/2012 20:01 17.25 15.5 17 16.25 17.25 16 16.25 17.125 14.875 15.75 7/5/2012 21:01 17.125 16.25 16.875 15.25 17 15.875 13.5 16.875 11.375 16 7/5/2012 22:01 16.875 16.75 16.75 16 16.75 14.875 11.5 16.75 11.5 15.875 7/5/2012 23:01 16.75 16.5 16.5 15.875 16.75 15.5 16.25 16.625 8.625 15.625 7/6/2012 0:01 16.625 16.5 16.375 15.5 16.625 14.875 16.125 16.375 10.25 13.75 7/6/2012 1:01 16.625 16.375 16.25 15.625 16.5 16 16.125 16.375 11.125 16.625 7/6/2012 2:01 16.5 16.25 16 15.125 16.375 15.875 16.125 16.125 10.625 16.25 7/6/2012 3:01 16.25 16 15.875 16.125 16.125 14.75 15.625 15.375 10.5 16 7/6/2012 4:01 15.75 15.5 15.375 15.75 15.625 14.5 16.25 15.25 10.625 16.375 7/6/2012 5:01 15.375 15.125 15 15.25 15.25 15 15.625 15.125 11.375 16.5 7/6/2012 6:01 15 14.875 14.75 14 14.875 15 15.5 14.875 11.75 15.625 7/6/2012 7:01 14.875 14.75 14.625 16 14.875 14.25 13.25 14.75 14 14.875 7/6/2012 8:01 14.875 14.75 14.625 15.625 14.75 10.125 13 14.75 14.375 14.75
Page 4 of 6 Table A2.1 (Cont'd.)
Tag ID 04721 8821 76321 80221 C5F21 C3921 CC221 D1421 ED021 EF221 Date Tagged July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 17:00 July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 17:00 July 4th @ 19:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 10:00 July 4th @ 13:00 July 4th @ 18:00 Location tagged Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Assists Henderson/Limestone Date of River Entry July 5th @ 22:00 July 5th @ 23:00 July 5th @ 19:00 July 6th @ 09:00 July 5th @ 22:00 July 7th @ 11:00 July 6th @ 18:00 July 5th @ 06:00 July 7th @ 10:00 July 6th @ 07:00 Date Caught July 6th @ 21:00 July 7th @ 13:00 July 7th @ 07:00 July 7th @ 05:00 July 7th 07:00 July 8th @ 16:00 July 7th @ 09:00 July 7th @ 09:00 July 10th @ 12:00 July 7th @ 08:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 30 30 27 39 29 64 48 20 69 37 Time in River (hours) 23 38 36 20 33 29 15 51 74 25 Date/Time 7/6/2012 9:01 15 14.75 14.75 14.75 14.875 14.375 15.75 14.75 15.125 14.875 7/6/2012 10:01 15.125 15 14.875 15.125 15 15.125 15.25 14.875 15.125 15.125 7/6/2012 11:01 15.375 15.125 15.125 15.25 15.25 15.25 15.375 15.25 14.125 15.25 7/6/2012 12:01 15.625 15.5 15.375 15.375 15.625 15.5 15.75 15.5 15.5 15.5 7/6/2012 13:01 16 15.875 15.625 15.75 15.875 14 15.625 15.875 15.5 15.625 7/6/2012 14:01 16.375 16.25 16 16.25 16.25 15.75 16.25 16.125 16.25 16.125 7/6/2012 15:01 16.625 16.375 16.25 16.375 16.5 15.625 16.625 16.375 16.125 16.375 7/6/2012 16:01 16.75 16.5 16.5 16.625 16.75 15.25 16.75 16.5 12.875 16.625 7/6/2012 17:01 16.875 16.625 16.5 16.625 16.625 15.375 16.75 16.625 15.625 16.625 7/6/2012 18:01 17 17 16.625 16.875 16.875 11.75 16.875 17 16.375 16.875 7/6/2012 19:01 17.125 17.125 16.875 17.125 17.125 15.625 17.25 17.125 15.75 17.125 7/6/2012 20:01 17.125 17.125 17 17.125 17.25 15.75 17.375 17 15.125 17.125 7/6/2012 21:01 16.875 16.875 16.875 17 17 15.375 17.125 17 16.375 17 7/6/2012 22:01 14 16.75 16.75 16.75 16.875 15.875 17.125 16.75 10.5 16.75 7/6/2012 23:01 23.625 16.5 16.5 16.625 16.75 16 16.875 16.5 16.125 16.625 7/7/2012 0:01 22.75 16.375 16.375 16.375 16.5 15.875 16.625 16.375 16 16.375 7/7/2012 1:01 22.375 16.125 16.125 16.125 16.25 15.75 16.5 16.125 16.125 16.125 7/7/2012 2:01 - 15.875 16 15.875 16 15.625 16.25 15.875 16.125 15.875 7/7/2012 3:01 - 15.75 15.75 15.75 15.875 15.625 16.125 15.75 16.25 15.75 7/7/2012 4:01 - 15.625 15.625 15.625 15.75 15.625 15.875 15.625 16 15.625 7/7/2012 5:01 - 15.5 15.375 13.375 15.5 15.75 15.75 15.5 11.125 15.5 7/7/2012 6:01 - 15.375 15.25 13 15.375 16 15.625 15.375 14.75 15.375 7/7/2012 7:01 - 15.125 10.75 12.25 11.5 15.25 15.5 15.25 16.375 10.625 7/7/2012 8:01 - 15.125 18.25 14.75 19.25 16.125 15.875 15.125 16.75 19.25 7/7/2012 9:01 - 15.25 16 - 16.375 15.875 16.625 16.375 16.5 15.5 7/7/2012 10:01 - 16.25 23.75 - 24.75 15.75 17.5 16.875 15.625 22.375 7/7/2012 11:01 - 16.5 - - - 15.5 19 18.25 15.875 26.375 7/7/2012 12:01 - 16.625 - - - 15.875 19.625 19.5 16.125 23.875 7/7/2012 13:01 - 19.25 - - - 16.125 - - 16.5 26.375 7/7/2012 14:01 - 19.625 - - - 16.5 - - 16.875 - 7/7/2012 15:01 - 23.5 - - - 17.125 - - 17.375 - 7/7/2012 16:01 - 22.25 - - - 17.25 - - 17.625 - 7/7/2012 17:01 -----17.5 - - 17.875 - 7/7/2012 18:01 -----17.75 - - 18 - 7/7/2012 19:01 -----17.75 - - 18.125 - 7/7/2012 20:01 -----17.75 - - 18 - 7/7/2012 21:01 -----17.625 - - 17.75 - 7/7/2012 22:01 -----17.375 - - 17.375 - 7/7/2012 23:01 -----17.125 - - 17.25 - 7/8/2012 0:01 -----16.875 - - 17 - 7/8/2012 1:01 -----16.75 - - 16.75 - 7/8/2012 2:01 -----16.5 - - 16.625 - 7/8/2012 3:01 -----16.375 - - 16.5 - 7/8/2012 4:01 -----16.375 - - 16.375 - 7/8/2012 5:01 -----16.25 - - 16.125 - 7/8/2012 6:01 -----15.875 - - 16 - 7/8/2012 7:01 -----15.75 - - 16 - 7/8/2012 8:01 -----15.75 - - 16 - 7/8/2012 9:01 -----15.75 - - 16.125 -
Page 5 of 6 Table A2.1 (Cont'd.)
Tag ID 04721 8821 76321 80221 C5F21 C3921 CC221 D1421 ED021 EF221 Date Tagged July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 17:00 July 4th @ 16:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 17:00 July 4th @ 19:00 July 4th @ 18:00 July 4th @ 10:00 July 4th @ 13:00 July 4th @ 18:00 Location tagged Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Henderson/Limestone Assists Henderson/Limestone Date of River Entry July 5th @ 22:00 July 5th @ 23:00 July 5th @ 19:00 July 6th @ 09:00 July 5th @ 22:00 July 7th @ 11:00 July 6th @ 18:00 July 5th @ 06:00 July 7th @ 10:00 July 6th @ 07:00 Date Caught July 6th @ 21:00 July 7th @ 13:00 July 7th @ 07:00 July 7th @ 05:00 July 7th 07:00 July 8th @ 16:00 July 7th @ 09:00 July 7th @ 09:00 July 10th @ 12:00 July 7th @ 08:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 30 30 27 39 29 64 48 20 69 37 Time in River (hours) 23 38 36 20 33 29 15 51 74 25 Date/Time 7/8/2012 11:01 -----16.125 - - 16.5 - 7/8/2012 12:01 -----16.375 - - 16.625 - 7/8/2012 13:01 -----16.875 - - 18.125 - 7/8/2012 14:01 -----17.25 - - 16.875 - 7/8/2012 15:01 -----17.75 - - 18.5 - 7/8/2012 16:01 -----26.375 - - 18.625 - 7/8/2012 17:01 -----26--13.125 - 7/8/2012 18:01 -----23.125 - - 18.5 - 7/8/2012 19:01 -----23.625 - - 15.875 - 7/8/2012 20:01 ------19- 7/8/2012 21:01 ------18.375 - 7/8/2012 22:01 ------18.125 - 7/8/2012 23:01 ------18- 7/9/2012 0:01 ------17.875 - 7/9/2012 1:01 ------17.75 - 7/9/2012 2:01 ------17.5 - 7/9/2012 3:01 ------17.375 - 7/9/2012 4:01 ------17.25 - 7/9/2012 5:01 ------17.375 - 7/9/2012 6:01 ------16.625 - 7/9/2012 7:01 ------16.625 - 7/9/2012 8:01 ------17- 7/9/2012 9:01 ------16.625 - 7/9/2012 10:01 ------17- 7/9/2012 11:01 ------16.875 - 7/9/2012 12:01 ------17.25 - 7/9/2012 13:01 ------17.375 - 7/9/2012 14:01 ------17.625 - 7/9/2012 15:01 ------10.625 - 7/9/2012 16:01 ------18.125 - 7/9/2012 17:01 ------18.375 - 7/9/2012 18:01 ------18.625 - 7/9/2012 19:01 ------18.5 - 7/9/2012 20:01 ------18.75 - 7/9/2012 21:01 ------18.625 - 7/9/2012 22:01 ------18.125 - 7/9/2012 23:01 ------18- 7/10/2012 0:01 ------17.375 - 7/10/2012 1:01 ------17- 7/10/2012 2:01 ------16.75 - 7/10/2012 3:01 ------16.625 - 7/10/2012 4:01 ------16.125 - 7/10/2012 5:01 ------15.875 - 7/10/2012 6:01 ------16.25 - 7/10/2012 7:01 ------15.875 - 7/10/2012 8:01 ------15.625 - 7/10/2012 9:01 ------15.625 - 7/10/2012 10:01 ------15.625 - 7/10/2012 11:01 ------15.875 - 7/10/2012 12:01 ------20.125 - 7/10/2012 13:01 ------26.375 - 7/10/2012 14:01 ------26.375 - 7/10/2012 15:01 ------26.375 -
Page 6 of 6 Table A2.2 Thermal history of sockeye salmon migrating through Alberni Inlet and the lower Somass River, July 2012.
Tag ID BB821 CEA21 Tag ID BB821 CEA21 Tag ID BB821 CEA21 Date Taggedgg Julyy@ 10th @ 11:00 Julyy@ 10th @ 10:00 Date Taggedgg Julyy@ 10th @ 11:00 Julyy@ 10th @ 10:00 Date Taggedgg Julyy@ 10th @ 11:00 Julyy@ 10th @ 10:00 Location tagged Handy Creek Chub Point Location tagged Handy Creek Chub Point Location tagged Handy Creek Chub Point Date of River Entry July 14th @ 08:00 July 11th @ 10:00 Date of River Entry July 14th @ 08:00 July 11th @ 10:00 Date of River Entry July 14th @ 08:00 July 11th @ 10:00 Date Caught July 15h @ 09:00 July 12th @ 07:00 Date Caught July 15h @ 09:00 July 12th @ 07:00 Date Caught July 15h @ 09:00 July 12th @ 07:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 93 24 Time in Inlet (hours) 93 24 Time in Inlet (hours) 93 24 Time in River (hours) 25 21 Time in River (hours) 25 21 Time in River (hours) 25 21 Date/Time Date/Time Date/Time 7/10/2012 8:01 - 13.625 7/12/2012 3:01 14.625 17.5 7/13/2012 22:01 18.375 - 7/10/2012 9:01 15.25 15.625 7/12/2012 4:01 14.5 17.375 7/13/2012 23:01 19 - 7/10/2012 10:01 15.125 20.5 7/12/2012 5:01 14.25 17.25 7/14/2012 0:01 19.5 - 7/10/2012 11:01 15.125 7.625 7/12/2012 6:01 9.125 17.25 7/14/2012 1:01 19.875 - 7/10/2012 12:01 10.875 8.75 7/12/2012 7:01 12.875 25.125 7/14/2012 2:01 19.25 - 7/10/2012 13:01 11.25 7.625 7/12/2012 8:01 12.625 23.5 7/14/2012 3:01 17.5 - 7/10/2012 14:01 12.625 8.375 7/12/2012 9:01 13.375 22.25 7/14/2012 4:01 19.625 - 7/10/2012 15:01 11.625 8.625 7/12/2012 10:01 12.25 22.125 7/14/2012 5:01 19.875 - 7/10/2012 16:01 13.25 10.25 7/12/2012 11:01 11.375 - 7/14/2012 6:01 18.875 - 7/10/2012 17:01 16.875 9.125 7/12/2012 12:01 10.375 - 7/14/2012 7:01 16.75 - 7/10/2012/10/2012 1818:01 01 12.87512 8 16.12516 12 7/12/2012/12/2012 13:01 13 01 14.62514 62 - 7/14/2012/14/2012 8:01 8 01 16.37516 3 - 7/10/2012 19:01 14.875 14.875 7/12/2012 14:01 17.375 - 7/14/2012 9:01 16.25 - 7/10/2012 20:01 15.75 16.75 7/12/2012 15:01 17.5 - 7/14/2012 10:01 16.5 - 7/10/2012 21:01 14.5 17.125 7/12/2012 16:01 18.125 - 7/14/2012 11:01 16.875 - 7/10/2012 2222:01 01 11.2511 25 17 7/12/2012 17:01 17 01 17.37517 375 - 7/14/2012 12:01 12 01 17.12517 125 - 7/10/2012 23:01 11.625 16.25 7/12/2012 18:01 17.875 - 7/14/2012 13:01 17.625 - 7/11/2012 0:01 12.375 15.75 7/12/2012 19:01 15.5 - 7/14/2012 14:01 17.875 - 7/11/2012 1:01 12.25 14.5 7/12/2012 20:01 18.25 - 7/14/2012 15:01 18.375 - 7/11/2012 2:012:01 12. 375 9759.75 7/12/2012 21:0121:01 16. 875 - 7/14/2012 16:0116:01 18. 75 - 7/11/2012 3:01 12.5 15.625 7/12/2012 22:01 15.75 - 7/14/2012 17:01 19.125 - 7/11/2012 4:01 9.75 16.375 7/12/2012 23:01 16.625 - 7/14/2012 18:01 19.375 - 7/11/2012 5:01 11.5 17.875 7/13/2012 0:01 16.25 - 7/14/2012 19:01 19.5 - 7/11/2012 6:016:01 12. 25 18 7/13/2012 1:011:01 15. 875 - 7/14/2012 20:0120:01 19. 5 - 7/11/2012 7:01 12.875 17.875 7/13/2012 2:01 15.875 - 7/14/2012 21:01 19.375 - 7/11/2012 8:01 15.25 16.125 7/13/2012 3:01 16.125 - 7/14/2012 22:01 19.25 - 7/11/2012 9:01 11.625 18.5 7/13/2012 4:01 17 - 7/14/2012 23:01 18.125 - 7/11/2012 10:01 12. 625 17 7/13/2012 5:01 17 - 7/15/2012 0:01 17. 375 - 7/11/2012 11:01 11.25 17.25 7/13/2012 6:01 15.75 - 7/15/2012 1:01 17.25 - 7/11/2012 12:01 11.5 17.5 7/13/2012 7:01 16.625 - 7/15/2012 2:01 16.875 - 7/11/2012 13:01 11.375 17.875 7/13/2012 8:01 16.75 - 7/15/2012 3:01 16.625 - 7/11/2012 14:01 11. 5 18. 5 7/13/2012 9:01 16. 625 - 7/15/2012 4:01 16. 5 - 7/11/2012 15:01 11.5 18.875 7/13/2012 10:01 15.5 - 7/15/2012 5:01 16.375 - 7/11/2012 16:01 15.25 19.25 7/13/2012 11:01 15.5 - 7/15/2012 6:01 16.25 - 7/11/2012 17:01 15.625 19.5 7/13/2012 12:01 16.875 - 7/15/2012 7:01 16.375 - 77/11/2012/11/2012 118:018:011155.337575 1199.662525 77/13/2012/13/2012 113:013:01 9.662525 -77/15/2012/15/2012 88:01:011166 - 7/11/2012 19:01 15.5 19.625 7/13/2012 14:01 9.625 - 7/15/2012 9:01 16.75 - 7/11/2012 20:01 15.25 19.375 7/13/2012 15:01 16.125 - 7/15/2012 10:01 16.125 - 7/11/2012 21:01 15.625 19 7/13/2012 16:01 17.125 - 7/15/2012 11:01 17.625 - 7/11/2012 22:01 11.25 18.75 7/13/2012 17:01 17 - 7/15/2012 12:01 16.375 - 7/11/2012 23:01 14.375 18.5 7/13/2012 18:01 17.625 - 7/15/2012 13:01 - - 7/12/2012 0:01 14.625 18.125 7/13/2012 19:01 16.875 - 7/15/2012 14:01 - - 7/12/2012 1:01 14.875 17.875 7/13/2012 20:01 17.875 - 7/15/2012 15:01 - - 7/12/2012 2:01 15.375 17.625 7/13/2012 21:01 18.375 - 7/23/2012 12:01 - -
Page 1 of 1 Table A2.3 Thermal history of sockeye salmon migrating through Alberni Inlet and the lower Somass River, July 2012.
Tag ID EAF21 3A921 6B221 8BA21 9C121 22D21 EE721 57321 72421 2DE21 Date Tagged July 18 @ 14:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 12:00 July 18th @ 8:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 16:00 July 17th @ 7:00 July 17th @ 15:00 Location tagged Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Henderson/Limestone Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Ten Mile Henderson/Limestone Date of River Entry July 22nd @ 09:00 July 22nd @ 08:00 July 22nd @ 08:00 July 19nd @ 08:00 July 23rd @ 02:00 July 22nd @ 13:00 July 19th @ 11:00 July 19th @ 01:00 July 17th @ 24:00 July 23 @ 08:00 Date Caught July 23rd @ 18:00 July 22nd @ 23:00 July 22nd @ 22:00 July 20nd @ 08:00 July 23rd @ 21:00 July 23th @ 24:00 July 20th @ 09:00 July 20th @ 09:00 July 19th @ 08:00 July 24th @ 05:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 91 91 92 24 109 96 22 9 17 137 Time in River (hours) 33 15 14 24 19 35 22 32 32 21 Date/Time 7/17/2012 4:01 ------21.875 - 7/17/2012 5:01 ------21.375 - 7/17/2012 6:01 ------21 - 7/17/2012 7:01 ------15.25 - 7/17/2012 8:01 ------16.25 - 7/17/2012 9:01 ------16.5 - 7/17/2012 10:01 ------18.625 - 7/17/2012 11:01 ------17.5 - 7/17/2012 12:01 ------19.75 - 7/17/2012 13:01 ------20 18.125 7/17/2012 14:01 ------20.375 18.375 7/17/2012 15:01 ------11.5 19.875 7/17/2012 16:01 ------20.625 9.625 7/17/2012 17:01 ------20.625 10.875 7/17/2012 18:01 ------20.625 11.375 7/17/2012 19:01 ------20.625 12.25 7/17/2012 20:01 ------20.25 11 7/17/2012 21:01 ------18.875 11.625 7/17/2012 22:01 ------19.875 10.625 7/17/2012 23:01 ------19.75 10.75 7/18/2012 0:01 ------19.125 10.75 7/18/2012 1:01 ------18.75 11.5 7/18/2012 2:01 ------18.25 11.25 7/18/2012 3:01 ------18 10.75 7/18/2012 4:01 ------17.875 17.25 7/18/2012 5:01 ------17.625 11.625 7/18/2012 6:01 - - - 20 - - - - 17.5 13.375 7/18/2012 7:01 - - - 19.5 - - - - 17.5 13.25 7/18/2012 8:01 - - - 19.5 - - - - 17.5 13 7/18/2012 9:01 - - - 18 - - - - 17.375 13.125 7/18/2012 10:01 - - 17 18.5 - - - - 17.5 12.375 7/18/2012 11:01 19 20 18 18 - 19 18.5 - 17.75 15.125 7/18/2012 12:01 29 29 28.5 17.5 - 29.5 28.5 - 18 12.625 7/18/2012 13:01 29.5 33.5 14.5 18 17.5 33 33 - 18.25 13.625 7/18/2012 14:01 16 9.5 11 18.5 16.5 13 8.5 19.5 18.625 10.625 7/18/2012 15:01 11.5 9.5 13 18.5 15.5 12 15.5 20.5 18.875 9.75 7/18/2012 16:01 10 10 10 17.5 13 9.5 16 20 19.125 16.25 7/18/2012 17:01 10 11 9.5 17 11 10.5 17 13 19.25 16.75 7/18/2012 18:01 10 9.5 10 15.5 11.5 9 15.5 13.5 19.25 14 7/18/2012 19:01 11 10 10.5 15 12 10 16 10.5 19.125 16.625 7/18/2012 20:01 12 9.5 10.5 15.5 12.5 12 17.5 15 18.75 12.375
Page 1 of 4 Table A2.3 (Cont'd.)
Tag ID EAF21 3A921 6B221 8BA21 9C121 22D21 EE721 57321 72421 2DE21 Date Tagged July 18 @ 14:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 12:00 July 18th @ 8:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 16:00 July 17th @ 7:00 July 17th @ 15:00 Location tagged Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Henderson/Limestone Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Ten Mile Henderson/Limestone Date of River Entry July 22nd @ 09:00 July 22nd @ 08:00 July 22nd @ 08:00 July 19nd @ 08:00 July 23rd @ 02:00 July 22nd @ 13:00 July 19th @ 11:00 July 19th @ 01:00 July 17th @ 24:00 July 23 @ 08:00 Date Caught July 23rd @ 18:00 July 22nd @ 23:00 July 22nd @ 22:00 July 20nd @ 08:00 July 23rd @ 21:00 July 23th @ 24:00 July 20th @ 09:00 July 20th @ 09:00 July 19th @ 08:00 July 24th @ 05:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 91 91 92 24 109 96 22 9 17 137 Time in River (hours) 33 15 14 24 19 35 22 32 32 21 Date/Time 7/18/2012 21:01 10.5 10 9.5 11.5 14 10 20.5 16 18.5 11.125 7/18/2012 22:01 10 9.5 9.5 11 14.5 9.5 20 20 18.125 12.5 7/18/2012 23:01 10.5 9.5 12 15.5 15.5 9.5 20 19 17.875 11.625 7/19/2012 0:01 10.5 10 10.5 16.5 16.5 10 9.5 18.5 17.625 12.25 7/19/2012 1:01 10.5 9.5 10.5 16 17 10.5 15 18 17.5 11.875 7/19/2012 2:01 10.5 9.5 10 15.5 12.5 9.5 13.5 18 17.375 12.125 7/19/2012 3:01 10 9.5 10.5 15 17 10 11.5 18 17.25 11.875 7/19/2012 4:01 10 9.5 9.5 16.5 16.5 10.5 9.5 18 17.125 12.5 7/19/2012 5:01 9.5 9.5 9 16 11.5 9.5 11.5 17.5 17.125 13.25 7/19/2012 6:01 10 12.5 9.5 20 11.5 9.5 9.5 17.5 17.125 13 7/19/2012 7:01 12 11.5 11 18.5 9 10 12 17.5 17.375 14.625 7/19/2012 8:01 9.5 9.5 9 17.5 9.5 10 12 17.5 18.875 12 7/19/2012 9:01 10 9.5 9 17.5 9.5 10 12 17.5 21.75 14.625 7/19/2012 10:01 9.5 10 9 18 9.5 10 19 18 21.75 11.5 7/19/2012 11:01 9.5 10 9 18 9.5 10 18 18 21.25 14.875 7/19/2012 12:01 9 10 9 18 10 10 18 18.5 - 17.125 7/19/2012 13:01 9 10 9.5 18.5 9.5 10 18.5 18.5 - 12 7/19/2012 14:01 9.5 10 9.5 19 10 9.5 18.5 19 - 12.625 7/19/2012 15:01 9.5 10 9.5 19 10 10 19 19 - 12.125 7/19/2012 16:01 9.5 10 9 19.5 10 10 19.5 19.5 - 12.5 7/19/2012 17:01 9.5 10.5 9 19.5 10 10 19.5 19.5 - 11.875 7/19/2012 18:01 9.5 10 9.5 19.5 11 10 19.5 19.5 - 12.625 7/19/2012 19:01 9.5 11 9.5 19.5 10.5 10 19.5 19.5 - 15.5 7/19/2012 20:01 9.5 11.5 9.5 19.5 10 10 19.5 19.5 - 13.5 7/19/2012 21:01 9.5 12.5 9.5 19 10 10.5 19.5 19 - 15.625 7/19/2012 22:01 9.5 10.5 9 19 9.5 10 19 19 - 17.875 7/19/2012 23:01 9.5 16 9.5 19 10 10 19 19 - 13.125 7/20/2012 0:01 9.5 16.5 9.5 19 10 11 18.5 19 - 16.5 7/20/2012 1:01 9.5 16.5 9.5 19 10 11 18.5 19 - 13 7/20/2012 2:01 9.5 17 10 18.5 9.5 10 18.5 19 - 12.25 7/20/2012 3:01 9.5 17 10 18.5 10 10 18.5 19 - 14.875 7/20/2012 4:01 11 18.5 10 18.5 11.5 10 18.5 19 - 15.25 7/20/2012 5:01 11 12 10 19 10.5 10.5 18.5 19 - 16.625 7/20/2012 6:01 9.5 11.5 10 19 12.5 10.5 18.5 19 - 13.5 7/20/2012 7:01 9.5 14.5 9.5 19 12 11 19 19 - 11.25 7/20/2012 8:01 10 11 10 16.5 11 11 19 19 - 14.5 7/20/2012 9:01 9.5 11 9.5 16 10.5 10 20 23.5 - 16.375 7/20/2012 10:01 9.5 12 9.5 19.5 10.5 10.5 22.5 21 - 17 7/20/2012 11:01 9.5 11.5 9.5 17 11.5 10 25 24 - 15 7/20/2012 12:01 10 11 9.5 - 11 20 17.5 21.5 - 13.5 7/20/2012 13:01 10.5 11 9.5 - 11 10.5 - - - 16.25 7/20/2012 14:01 10 12.5 9.5 - 11 10 - - - 15.5 7/20/2012 15:01 10.5 11.5 9.5 - 11.5 11 - - - 17.375
Page 2 of 4 Table A2.3 (Cont'd.)
Tag ID EAF21 3A921 6B221 8BA21 9C121 22D21 EE721 57321 72421 2DE21 Date Tagged July 18 @ 14:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 12:00 July 18th @ 8:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 16:00 July 17th @ 7:00 July 17th @ 15:00 Location tagged Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Henderson/Limestone Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Ten Mile Henderson/Limestone Date of River Entry July 22nd @ 09:00 July 22nd @ 08:00 July 22nd @ 08:00 July 19nd @ 08:00 July 23rd @ 02:00 July 22nd @ 13:00 July 19th @ 11:00 July 19th @ 01:00 July 17th @ 24:00 July 23 @ 08:00 Date Caught July 23rd @ 18:00 July 22nd @ 23:00 July 22nd @ 22:00 July 20nd @ 08:00 July 23rd @ 21:00 July 23th @ 24:00 July 20th @ 09:00 July 20th @ 09:00 July 19th @ 08:00 July 24th @ 05:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 91 91 92 24 109 96 22 9 17 137 Time in River (hours) 33 15 14 24 19 35 22 32 32 21 Date/Time 7/20/2012 16:01 12 11 10 - 11 19.5 - - - 16.25 7/20/2012 17:01 10.5 11 10 - 11 18 - - - 16.375 7/20/2012 18:01 11 11.5 10 - 10.5 11.5 - - - 17 7/20/2012 19:01 10.5 12.5 10 - 12 12.5 - - - 17 7/20/2012 20:01 10.5 12 9.5 - 12.5 11.5 - - - 16.875 7/20/2012 21:01 10.5 12.5 10 - 11 11.5 - - - 17.125 7/20/2012 22:01 10.5 10.5 9.5 - 9.5 9.5 - - - 16.75 7/20/2012 23:01 10.5 16.5 10 - 9.5 10.5 - - - 16.875 7/21/2012 0:01 10.5 15.5 9.5 - 9.5 9.5 - - - 16.25 7/21/2012 1:01 10 15 9.5 - 10 9.5 - - - 16.375 7/21/2012 2:01 10 10.5 9.5 - 10.5 9.5 - - - 16.875 7/21/2012 3:01 11 10.5 9.5 - 10 9.5 - - - 16.875 7/21/2012 4:01 11 10.5 9.5 - 10.5 10 - - - 16.875 7/21/2012 5:01 10.5 10 9.5 - 10 10.5 - - - 16.875 7/21/2012 6:01 10.5 11 11 - 10 10.5 - - - 16.625 7/21/2012 7:01 10.5 11.5 10.5 - 10 11 - - - 16.625 7/21/2012 8:01 10 10 10 - 10.5 11.5 - - - 17 7/21/2012 9:01 10 10 10 - 10.5 19 - - - 17.375 7/21/2012 10:01 10.5 10.5 10 - 10.5 19.5 - - - 17.75 7/21/2012 11:01 10.5 11 10 - 11.5 10.5 - - - 18.25 7/21/2012 12:01 10 11 10 - 12 10.5 - - - 14.375 7/21/2012 13:01 10.5 10.5 10 - 11 11 - - - 13.875 7/21/2012 14:01 10 11 10 - 11 11 - - - 13.125 7/21/2012 15:01 10.5 12.5 10 - 12 11.5 - - - 12.375 7/21/2012 16:01 10 11 10.5 - 11 11 - - - 15.25 7/21/2012 17:01 10 11 10.5 - 12 11.5 - - - 13.375 7/21/2012 18:01 14 12 10 - 11 12.5 - - - 10.875 7/21/2012 19:01 11.5 11.5 11.5 - 11 13.5 - - - 11.125 7/21/2012 20:01 11.5 11 11 - 12 11.5 - - - 11.75 7/21/2012 21:01 11 11 10.5 - 11 12 - - - 11.875 7/21/2012 22:01 10.5 11 10.5 - 10.5 10.5 - - - 10.125 7/21/2012 23:01 10.5 19 10.5 - 11 10.5 - - - 10.125 7/22/2012 0:01 10 19 10.5 - 10.5 11 - - - 10.125 7/22/2012 1:01 10.5 19 10.5 - 10.5 11 - - - 10.25 7/22/2012 2:01 10.5 19 10.5 - 10.5 19 - - - 10.125 7/22/2012 3:01 10.5 19 10.5 - 10.5 11.5 - - - 10.25 7/22/2012 4:01 11 18.5 10.5 - 11.5 19 - - - 11 7/22/2012 5:01 10.5 18.5 10.5 - 11 19 - - - 18.125 7/22/2012 6:01 18.5 18 18 - 10.5 18.5 - - - 11.5 7/22/2012 7:01 18.5 18 17.5 - 11.5 18.5 - - - 11.375 7/22/2012 8:01 17.5 17.5 17 - 11 18.5 - - - 11 7/22/2012 9:01 17.5 17.5 17.5 - 11 18.5 - - - 11 7/22/2012 10:01 17.5 17.5 17.5 - 11 18.5 - - - 10.625
Page 3 of 4 Table A2.3 (Cont'd.)
Tag ID EAF21 3A921 6B221 8BA21 9C121 22D21 EE721 57321 72421 2DE21 Date Tagged July 18 @ 14:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 12:00 July 18th @ 8:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 13:00 July 18th @ 16:00 July 17th @ 7:00 July 17th @ 15:00 Location tagged Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Henderson/Limestone Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Sproat Narrows Ten Mile Henderson/Limestone Date of River Entry July 22nd @ 09:00 July 22nd @ 08:00 July 22nd @ 08:00 July 19nd @ 08:00 July 23rd @ 02:00 July 22nd @ 13:00 July 19th @ 11:00 July 19th @ 01:00 July 17th @ 24:00 July 23 @ 08:00 Date Caught July 23rd @ 18:00 July 22nd @ 23:00 July 22nd @ 22:00 July 20nd @ 08:00 July 23rd @ 21:00 July 23th @ 24:00 July 20th @ 09:00 July 20th @ 09:00 July 19th @ 08:00 July 24th @ 05:00 Time in Inlet (hours) 91 91 92 24 109 96 22 9 17 137 Time in River (hours) 33 15 14 24 19 35 22 32 32 21 Date/Time 7/22/2012 12:01 18 18 18 - 11 15 - - - 10.625 7/22/2012 13:01 18 18 18 - 11 18 - - - 11 7/22/2012 14:01 18 18.5 18 - 18 18 - - - 10.875 7/22/2012 15:01 18 18.5 18 - 18 18 - - - 11.375 7/22/2012 16:01 18 18.5 18.5 - 11.5 18 - - - 12.5 7/22/2012 17:01 18.5 18.5 18.5 - 12 18.5 - - - 12.125 7/22/2012 18:01 18.5 18.5 18 - 11.5 18.5 - - - 11.875 7/22/2012 19:01 18 18 18 - 18 18.5 - - - 11.75 7/22/2012 20:01 18 18 18 - 18 18 - - - 11.375 7/22/2012 21:01 18 18 17 - 13 18 - - - 11.125 7/22/2012 22:01 17.5 18 27 - 10.5 18 - - - 11.75 7/22/2012 23:01 17.5 21.5 22.5 - 18 18 - - - 16.5 7/23/2012 0:01 17.5 22.5 21 - 18 17.5 - - - 17.5 7/23/2012 1:01 17.5 20.5 21.5 - 18 17.5 - - - 17.375 7/23/2012 2:01 17.5 20 - - 17.5 17.5 - - - 17.25 7/23/2012 3:01 17.5 - - - 17.5 17.5 - - - 17.375 7/23/2012 4:01 17.5 - - - 17.5 17.5 - - - 17.25 7/23/2012 5:01 17.5 - - - 17.5 17.5 - - - 16.875 7/23/2012 6:01 17.5 - - - 17 17.5 - - - 16.75 7/23/2012 7:01 17.5 - - - 17.5 17.5 - - - 16.875 7/23/2012 8:01 17.5 - - - 17.5 17.5 - - - 16.875 7/23/2012 9:01 17.5 - - - 17.5 17.5 - - - 16.875 7/23/2012 10:01 18 - - - 17.5 17.5 - - - 17.125 7/23/2012 11:01 18 - - - 17.5 18 - - - 17.25 7/23/2012 12:01 18 - - - 18 18 - - - 17.375 7/23/2012 13:01 18.5 - - - 18 18 - - - 17.625 7/23/2012 14:01 18.5 - - - 18.5 18.5 - - - 17.875 7/23/2012 15:01 19 - - - 18.5 18.5 - - - 18.25 7/23/2012 16:01 19 - - - 18.5 18.5 - - - 18.25 7/23/2012 17:01 22.5 - - - 18.5 19 - - - 18.25 7/23/2012 18:01 18.5 - - - 18.5 19 - - - 18.25 7/23/2012 19:01 21.5 - - - 18.5 19 - - - 18.25 7/23/2012 20:01 24.5 - - - 18.5 19 - - - 18.25 7/23/2012 21:01 24.5 - - - 14.5 18.5 - - - 18.125 7/23/2012 22:01 - - - - 15 18.5 - - - 18 7/23/2012 23:01 - - - - 14.5 18.5 - - - 17.875 7/24/2012 0:01 - - - - 14.5 17 - - - 17.875 7/24/2012 1:01 - - - - - 15 - - - 17.75 7/24/2012 2:01 - - - - - 23 - - - 17.625 7/24/2012 3:01 - - - - - 21.5 - - - 17.625 7/24/2012 4:01 ------17.625 7/24/2012 5:01 ------17.5 7/24/2012 6:01 ------17.375 7/24/2012 7:01 ------15.25 7/24/2012 8:01 ------16.375 7/24/2012 9:01 ------
Page 4 of 4
Appendix A3
Tag Reward Poster
ye Tagging P ocke rogram let S ni In Alber REWARD OFFERED for the return of I.D tags found on Alberni Inlet sockeye salmon
SSalmonalmon werewere taggedtagged inin BarkleyBarkley SoundSound andand areare migratingmigrating towardstowards thethe SomassSomass RRiveriver andand theirtheir eventualeventual spawningspawning groundsgrounds inin SproatSproat Lake,Lake, GreatGreat CentralCentral LakeLake andand HHendersonenderson Lake.Lake. DataData collectedcollected willwill bebe usedused toto determinedetermine thethe waterwater temperaturestemperatures aandnd dissolveddissolved oxygenoxygen concentrationsconcentrations experiencedexperienced byby migratingmigrating andand holdingholding sockeyesockeye ssalmonalmon andand thethe suitabilitysuitability ofof waterwater withinwithin innerinner AlberniAlberni Inlet.Inlet. TThishis projectproject waswas mademade possiblepossible byby fundingfunding fromfrom CatalystCatalyst PaperPaper (Port(Port Alberni)Alberni) andand tthehe DepartmentDepartment ofof FisheriesFisheries andand Oceans,Oceans, asas wellwell asas thethe implementationimplementation assistanceassistance ooff HHatatfi eeldld ConsultantsConsultants andand GoneGone Fishin’Fishin’ tackletackle shop.shop.
IIff yyouou fi nndd a ttagag oorr rrequireequire moremore informationinformation pleaseplease contactcontact ColinColin SchwindtSchwindt aatt HHatatfi eeldld ConsultantsConsultants PPh:h: ((604)604) 926-3261926-3261 email:email: Albernisockeye@hatAlbernisockeye@hatfi eeldgroup.comldgroup.com