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The Revelation· Of CAMBRIDGE GREEK 'I'ES'I'AMENT FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES THE REVELATION· OF S. JOHN THE DIVIN~ CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS i!,011'0011: FETTER LANE, E.C. c. F. CLAY, MANAGER Wb(nburg!J: roo, PRTNCES STREET tlcrlin: A, ASHER AND CO. iLtiP,ig: F. A. BROCKHAUS ~•ill }i!ork: G. P, PUTNAM'S SONS iSomlraJ! anlJ (!i;a[cutta: MACMILLAN AND Co., LTD, [All Rigllls reserved.J THE REVELATION OF S. JOHN THE DIVINE WI'l'H NO'l'ES AND IN7'RODUC'1'ION by the late REV. WILLIAM HENRY SIMCOX, M.A. Revised by G. A. SIMCOX, M.A. Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford CAMBRIDGE! at the University Press 1909 First Edition 1893 Reprinted 1909 PREFACE. BY THE GENERAL EDITOR. THE Greek Text upon which the Commentaries in this Series are based has been formed on the following principles : Wherever the texts of Tischendorf and Tregelles agree, their readings are followed: wherever they differ from each other, but neither of them agrees with the Received Text as printed by Scrivener, the consensus of Lachmann with either is taken in pre­ ference to the Received Text : in all other cases the Received Text as printed by Scrivener is followed. It must be added, however, that in the Gospels those alternative readings of Tregelles, which subsequently proved to have the support of the Sinaitic Codex, have been considered as of the same authority as readings which Tregelles has adopted in his text. In the Commentaries an endeavour has been made to explain the uses of words and the methods of con- REVELATioN b iv PRE.FACE. struction, as well as to give substantial aid to the student in the interpretation and illustration of the text. The General Editor does not hold himself re­ sponsible except in the most general sense for the statements made and the interpretations offered by the various contributors to this Series. He has not felt that it would be right for him to place any check upon the expression of individual opinion, unless at any point matter were introduced which seemed to be out of harmony with the character and scope of · the Series. J. ARMITAGE ROBINSON. CHRIST'S COLLEGE, February, 1893. EDITOR'S PREF ACE. 11 HE text of this edition was formed by my brother on the same principles as in the pre­ vious volumes of the Series. The Introduction and Commentary are based upon those in the English Series, but both have been carefully revised and ex­ panded. My brother's minute study of the Language of the Book was of the greatest use to me in adapting the Commentary to the Greek Text. Professor Weiss' edition (Te[Cte und Untersuchungen, VII. 1) was also very helpful. I am indebted to Prof. W. Robertson Smith for the details of famine prices in the note on vi. 6, which were communicated to me through the General -Editor, whom I also have to thank for many valuable sug­ gestions and criticisms. G. A. SIMCOX. b2 CONTENTS. .ANALYSIS OP TllE lllTRODUCTION, p. ix-xi. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, p, xii. I. INTRODUCTION. FAGES Chapter I. Authorship Rnd Canonicity of the Revelation .. , ... , ................•... xiii-xli Ciiapter II. Date and Place of Composition ... xii-Ii Chapter III. Principles of Interpretation......... li-lxxiii Chapter IV. Analysis of the Book .................. lxxiii-lxxiv Chapter V. Greek Text . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. lxxv-lxxxi II. TEXT ......................................................... 1-38 lll. NOTES ......................... .- .............................. 39-206 IV. APPENDIX. ExcurBUB I. The Angels of the Churches: Elemental Angels: the Living Creatures. ....... 207 Excursus II. On the Heresies controverted in the Revelation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 211 Excursus III. On the supposed Jewish origin of the Revelation of St John ..... ....... ...... 215 Excursus IV. On the Millennium and the First Re- surrection •• .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • 235 INDICES: I. Greek ...................................... , . .. .. • 238 II. General . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 241 Much he ask'd in loving wonder, On Thy bosom leaning, J,grd I In that secret place of thu11der, Answer kind didst thou acc01:d, Wisdom for J'hy Church.to :patlder , Till the day of dread award. Lo! Heaven's doors lift up, revealing How· Thy jurl{!111ents earthward nuive'; Scrolls unfolded, ti-umpets pealing, Wine-cups from the wrath above, Yet o'er all a ~ojt Voice stealing;_ •• Little _·children, trust and. love! " KEELE; ANALYSIS OF 1'HE INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER I. Authorship and Canonicity of the Revelation, p. xiii. I. THE connexion of the two questions: three possible answers, p. xiv. External attestation of St John's authorship, p. xiv. Justin Martyr (A.D. 135? 160), p. :xtv. Papias (c. 150 A.n.), p. xv. Martyr~ ~f Vienrie (177 A.D.), p, xvt Irenoous (o. 180 A.D.), p. xvii. Tertulli!\n (c. 199 A.D.), p. xviii. Clement of Alexandria. (c. 202 A,D.}, p. xviii, Muraforian Fragment. (190 •.• 210 i.n.), p. xix. Ancient versiol\s; p. xix. Origen (t 253 in.), p. xx. Hippolytus (t 234 A.D.}, p. x~. Victorinus ,t 303), p. xx. II. Ancient objections to Authenticity: Alogi, p. xxi. Gaius, p, xxi. III. Dionysiui! of Alexandria (260 A.D.), p. xxiii. Subsequel].t history .of opinion, p. xxvii. Eusebius (t? 339 A.D.) to Epiphanl.us; (t 402 A.D.), p. xxix. Lingering objections: Epiphanius to Charle_s the Gi:eat, 793, p. xxix. Revived doubts at the time of the Refor'. mation, p. xxx. IV. The final.decision of the Church in favour of the Canonicity of the' Book to be tested rather by the fulfilment of its predictions than by fixing the personality of the author, p. xxx. , V. Are the Johannine writings by a sipgle author? p. xxxii. Alleged unlikeness of (a) style and grammar, p. x:xxiii; (b) theological conceptions; (c) tone and temper. Reasons for laying little weight .ori {c), p. xxxiii. Comparison of theological conceptions in the different x .ANALYSIS OF THE IN'J.'ROJJUCTION. Johannine writings, p. xxxiv. Comparison of characteristic diction, p. xxxv. Comparison of style ~nd language, p. xxxviii. Possible reconciliation of difficulties, p. xli. CHAPTER II. Date and Place of Gompm;ition, p. xli. Evidenee of the Book itself, p. xli. Evidence of Irenaeus, p. xlii. Clemeti.t of Alexandria, p. :¥lii. Tertullian, p. xliv. Origen, p. xliv. Epiphanius, p. xlv. Viotorinus, p. xlvi. Further consideration of internal evidence, p. xlvii. Apparent conflict of external and internal evidence as to date, p. l. CHAPTER III. Principks of Interpretation, p. 1i Difficnlty of the subject, p. li. Reaction from over-confident theories, p. lii. No reason for treating the book as unintelligible p. liii. Clues to interpretation, p. liii. (1) Old Testament Prophecy, p. liii. (2) Oral teaching of Apostles and earlier writings of New Testament, p. lili. (3) Events of past or contemporary history, p. liii. (1) The coincidences with Daniel, p. liii. (2} The Man of Sin at Rome and Jerusalem, p. liv. Sketch of the patristic theory, p. liv. The millennium and the Eternal Kingdom, p. Iv. (3) Diffi­ culties of this view and subsequent theories, p. lviii. Mystical theory, Tyconius, Andreas, Aretbas; Oecrunenius, p. lix. The Con­ tinuous Historical Theory, p. Ix. Its mediaeval beginning, p. Ix. Its Protestant development, p. lx. The strong point of this view is that it gives a meaning to the succession of Visions, p. Ix. The difficulty : the earlier Visions seem to embrace the end of all things; p. lxi. The Preterist and Futurist theories : a reaction again,s~ the Continuous Historical, p. lxil. Each a partial revival of one !j.spect orthe Traditional, p. lxii. The Preterist Theory inadequate, p. lxii. The Futurist apparently arbitrary, p. lxii. (4) Elements of truth in the different theories, p. lxii. Partial and gradual fulfilment, p. 'lxiii. Nero as a type of Antichrist, resemblances and contrasts, p. lxiii .• The expectation of his return, p. lxv. The Seven Heads of the Beast, p. lxv. The veracity of the Seer depends upon the recognition ANALYSIS OF THE INTRODUCTION. xi of many Antichrists, p. lxv. Antiochus in his measure a type of Antichrist, p. lxvii. Nero. as a new Antiochus, p. lxvii. Domitia.n as a new Nero, p. lxviii. Contrast between Domitian and Anti­ christ, p. lxviii. The Preterist theory applicable to the types; the Futurist to the a.ntitypes of the Revelation, p. lxix. Plan and method of the Book, p. lxix. A series of signs apparently lea.ding up to the end followed by a new beginning, p. lxix. This corre­ sponds to the historical crises which from time to time have seemed to foreshadow the End of all things, p. lxix. The parallel gives support to the Continuous Historical Theory if not held exclusively, p. lxx. The Book providentially intended to be applied to current events, p. lxx. But only to be fully understood in the end of the days, p. lxx. One element of Truth in the Continuous HistorioaJ. Theory is the recognition of the perpetual significance of Rome, p. lxxi. Yet neither the Mediaeval Empire nor the Papacy in any proper sense Antichristian, p. lxxii. The latter especially has always witnessed to the Trinity and the Incarnation, p. lxxii. How far Papal Rome is to be identified with the Apocalyptic Babylon, p. lxxii. CHAPTER IV. Jlnalysis, p. lxxiii. CHAPTER V. Text, p. lxxv. Peculiarities of Textus Receptus in this Book, p. lxxv. Due to the circumstances and action of Erasmus, ib. Materials for a Critical Text, pp. lxxv-lxxix. Uncials: Codex Sinaiticus, p. lxxv. Codex Alexandrinus, p. lxxvi. Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, ib. Codex Porphyrianus Rescriptus, ib, Codex Vatica.nus ib, Cursives, ib. Ancient Versions-Syriac, Old Latin, Armenian, Coptic, Aethiopic, pp. lxxvi--lxxvili. Fathers, pp. lxxvili-lxxix. Groups into which the evidence falls, pp. lxxix-lxxxi. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
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