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Удк 81'373.21(476.7) В. М. Босак1, А. А. Босак2 1Беларускі

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Удк 81'373.21(476.7) В. М. Босак1, А. А. Босак2 1Беларускі Òðóäû ÁÃÒÓ, 2017, Ñåðèÿ 4, № 1, ñ. 91–95 91 УДК 81’373.21(476.7) В. М. Босак1, А. А. Босак2 1Беларускі дзяржаўны тэхналагічны ўніверсітэт 2Беларускі дзяржаўны эканамічны ўніверсітэт ЛІНГВАГЕАГРАФІЧНАЕ ДАСЛЕДАВАННЕ ЛЕКСІЧНЫХ АСАБЛІВАСЦЕЙ ГАВОРАК ВЕРХНЯГА НАД’ЯСЕЛЬДЗЯ На тэрыторыі Верхняга Над’ясельдзя (Пружанскі раён Брэсцкай вобласці і сумежжа) выдзе- лены наступныя групы гаворак: гродзенска-баранавіцкія – на поўначы, паўночнабрэсцкія акаю- чыя – на захадзе, паўночнабрэсцкія окаючыя – у цэнтры, верхняясельдскія – у цэнтры, на ўсходзе і паўднёвым усходзе, малецкія – на паўднёвым усходзе, паўночназагародскія – на паўд- нёвым захадзе, сярэднезагародскія – на поўдні даследуемага рэгіёна. Верхняе Над’ясельдзе з’яўляецца ўскраінай інавацыйных з’яў, якія пашыраліся ў гэты рэгіён з двух цэнтраў: паўночнага, ці гродзенска-баранавіцкага, і паўднёвага, ці брэсцка-пінскага. Iсну- юць яшчэ інавацыі ўласна палескія, якія супрацьпастаўляюцца як гродзенска-баранавіцкай (панямонскай) поўначы, так і брэсцка-пінскаму (уласна загародскаму) поўдню. Лінгвагеаграфічнае даследаванне лексічных асаблівасцей гаворак Верхняга Над’ясельдзя па- казала, што тут вылучаюцца найменні, розныя па характару лакалізацыі і пашырэння: агульнапа- шыраныя назвы; найменні, якія пашыраны на большай частцы ці асобных частках рэгіёна; назвы адзінкавай фіксацыі. Даследуемыя лексемы прадстаўлены нарматыўнымі ў літаратурнай мове і дыялектнымі формамі; у складзе намінацый адзначаны фанетычная, марфалагічная, акцэнтная, матывацыйная і словаўтваральная варыянтнасці. Ключавыя словы: гаворка, лексіка, фанетычная, марфалагічная, акцэнтная, матывацыйная і словаўтваральная варыянтнасці. V. M. Bosak1, A. A. Bosak2 1Belarusian State Technological University 2Belarusian State Economic University LINGVOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL FEATURES IN SUBDIALECTS OF VERKHNYAYE NADYASELDYA According to the research, the following groups of dialects are distinguished on the territory of VerkhnayaNadjaseldya (Pruzhansky district of Brest region and the boundary): Grodno-Baranovichi – in the north, north-Brest as “akayuschaya” – in the west, “okayuchyya” – in the center, Verkhny Nad- jaseldya – in the center, in the east and southeast, Maletsk – in the south-east, paunochnazagarodskiya – in the south-west, syarednezagarodskiya – in the south of the investigated region. Verhnaya Nadjaseldya is the outskirts of innovative phenomena extending into this region from two centers: northern, or Grodno – Baranovichi and southern, or Brest – Pinsk. There are also innovations ac- tually Polesya, which are contrasted to both Grodno – Baranovichi (Panamon) in the north as well as to Brest – Pinsk (actually Zagorodskaya) south. The results of lingvogeographic analysis proved that generally spreaded names have been deter- mined in the lexis in subdialects of Verkhnyaye Nadyaseldya: lexical units spreaded on the main part of the investigated territory; names spreaded in the definite part of the region; names which find from time to time; names of single fixation. Lexical units have been presented as normative (in literary language) and dialectal forms in the investigated subdialects. Phonetic, morphological, accentive, motivative and word-building variations have been presented in the structure of nominations. Key words: subdialect; lexis; phonetic, morphological, accentive, motivative and word-building variations. Уводзіны. Тэрыторыя Верхняга Над’ясель- Па выніках праведзеных даследаванняў на дзя (Пружанскі раён Брэсцкай вобласці і яго су- тэрыторыі Верхняга Над’ясельдзя выдзелена межжа) уяўляе сабой адзін са своеасаблівых рэ- сем груп гаворак: гродзенска-баранавіцкія – на гіёнаў Беларусі ў плане міждыялектных кантак- поўначы, паўночнабрэсцкія акаючыя – на за- таў і дыялектных узаемаўплываў, дзе пашырана хадзе, паўночнабрэсцкія окаючыя – у цэнтры, сукупнасць моўных з’яў фанетычнага, марфа- верхняясельдскія – у цэнтры, на ўсходзе і паўд- лагічнага і лексічнага характару, якія характа- нёвым усходзе, малецкія – на паўднёвым ус- рызуюцца пэўнай спецыфікай [1–15]. ходзе, паўночназагародскія – на паўднёвым за- Òðóäû ÁÃÒÓ Ñåðèÿ 4 № 1 2017 92 Ëіíãâàãåàãðàôі÷íàå äàñëåäàâàííå ëåêñі÷íûõ àñàáëіâàñöåé ãàâîðàê Âåðõíÿãà Íàä’ÿñåëüäçÿ хадзе, сярэднезагародскія – на поўдні даследуе- коў’, прач /прáчык/ ‘апалонік’, цэбар /цэбер, мага рэгіёна [4, 5, 9, 11]. цэбэр, цэбрык/ ‘дзежка для жывёлы’, опусцэ Значная дыялектная стракатасць рэгіёна абу- /апусцэ/ ‘манжэты’, гóрын ‘мулінэ’, мыдлік моўлена тым, што Верхняе Над’ясельдзе з’яў- ‘пральны парашок’, крýпнік /крýпніык, крýпнык/ ляецца ўскраінай інавацыйных з’яў, якія пашы- ‘крупнік’, гарá /горá/ ‘гара (гарышча)’, падлóга раліся ў гэты рэгіён з двух цэнтраў: паўночнага, /подлóга, пудлóга/ ‘падлога’, слон /слун, слін/, ці гродзенска-баранавіцкага (панямонскага), і услóн ‘услон’, клýня /клюня/ ‘гумно’, скапéц паўднёвага, ці брэсцка-пінскага. Iснуюць яшчэ /скопэц, скóпэц/ ‘капец бульбы’, капíца /копíца, інавацыі ўласна палескія, якія супрацьпастаўля- копыца, купыца, копыця/ ‘капа сена’, пóжня юцца як гродзенска-баранавіцкай поўначы, так /пýжня, пíжня/ ‘іржышча’. і брэсцка-пінскаму поўдню [4, 8, 16–18]. Выяўлены назвы, якія ўжываюцца на тэры- Лінгвагеаграфічнае даследаванне па вызна- торыі гаворак поўначы даследуемага рэгіёна: чэнню лексічных асаблівасцей гаворак Верхня- ежавíка /ожовыіка/ ‘ажыны’, кастрыцá га Над’ясельдзя праводзілася ў форме апытван- ‘сасновая ігліца’, чабóр ‘чабор’, курыная сле- ня па спецыяльна распрацаванай праграме, якая патá ‘дзьмухавец’, тычкóвы боб ‘боб’, бацвíн- ўключала 102 пытанні па лексіцы на наступных ніско ‘лісце буракоў’, сіняк ‘махавік’, пятýх тэматычных групах: ягады, кветкі, агародніна, /пэтýх/ ‘певень’, галавáч ‘апалонік’, абшэўкі лес, грыбы, свойскія і дзікія птушкі, дзікія жы- /абшыўкі, ашэўкі, обшэвкыі/, абшлáгі ‘ман- вёлы, насякомыя, прадметы побыту, адзенне і жэты’, матýз /матузóк/ ‘пасак з тканіны’, сóда яго часткі, ежа, хата і падворак, прыродныя і ас- /зóда/, луг ‘пральны парашок’, крывянка ‘кры- транамічныя з’явы, свабодная тэматыка [3–4]. вяная каўбаса’, камяк, таўпéня ‘таўчоная буль- Фактычны матэрыял збіраўся на тэрыторыі ба (пюрэ)’, дрыгвá ‘студзень (халадзец)’, на хáці Пружанскага раёна Брэсцкай вобласці (асноў- ‘гара (гарышча)’, качаргá /кочэргá/ ‘качарга’, ная частка даследавання) і на сумежнай тэрыто- гумнó ‘гумно’, фартýх /хвартýх/ ‘прыстасаванне рыі Брэсцкай і Гродзенскай абласцей. Усяго для сяўбы’, столь ‘столь’, ржышчо /ржышчэ/ абследаваны гаворкі жыхароў 231 населенага ‘іржышча’, папрýга /папрýжка/ ‘скураны пасак’, пункта (у тым ліку 214 – у Пружанскім раёне). гразь ‘бруд на дарозе’, сёння ‘сёння’, стóлак ‘ус- Асноўныя метады даследавання – лінгвагеагра- лон’, падвóрак /надвóрак/ ‘падворак’. фічны і апісальны, які грунтуецца на адзінстве Засведчаны назвы, характэрныя пераважна прыёмаў назірання, абагульнення і інтэпрэта- для гаворак захаду рэгіёна: лóтасць ‘лотаць’, цыі разглядаемых фактаў; выкарыстаны такса- памóст ‘падлога’, пóгрэб ‘капец бульбы’, лгун ма параўнальна-супастаўляльны метад. ‘манюка’, калóда ‘божая кароўка’, кашáнка Асноўная частка. Лінгвагеаграфічнае дас- ‘крывяная каўбаса’, бульвавéнне ‘лісце бульбы’. ледаванне лексікі гаворак Верхняга Над’ясель- У гаворках паўднёвага захаду даследуемага дзя паказала, што тут вылучаюцца найменні, рэгіёна зафіксаваны намінацыі: пухлáй /пухляк/ розныя па характару лакалізацыі і пашырэння ‘падбярозавік’, багнюк ‘махавік’, пэрэпыілка [3–4, 7, 10]. /пырыпыілка, пырыпылка/ ‘матылёк’, кумнíырцы Да ліку агульнапашыраных назваў адносяц- /комнíырцы, подкумнíырцы/ ‘манжэты’, запýл ца: шуляк ‘каршун’, шчур ‘пацук’, калéйка /з фа- /запíл/ ‘падол’, крупэня ‘крывяная каўбаса’, нетычнымі варыянтамі: колéйка, колíйка, кулíй- мутюн ‘манюка’, тыпэр ‘сёння’, шчавýх ка/ ‘вясковы гурт кароў’, ясёнка /ісёнка, осыінка/ ‘шчаўе’, бýсэль /бýсэнь/ ‘бусел’. ‘асенняе паліто’, плот /плут/ ‘агароджа (плот)’, У гаворках паўднёвага ўсходу пашыраны ёжык ‘вожык’, калóдзеж /калóдзезь, колóдзезь, назвы: імшáр /мшар, мшáрык, мышáр, гомшá- колóдзізь, колóдэзь, колóдяз, кулóдяз, колóдязь/ рык/ ‘махавік’, бэлец ‘дзежка для жывёлы’, нос- ‘студня’; зацíшак /зацíшок, затышок/ ‘захіле- íлка ‘капа сена’, мжáчка /мжычка/ ‘дробны нае ад ветру месца’. дождж’, спагýрок ‘узгорак’, якмáнь ‘толькі Асобныя найменні пашыраны на большай што’, пáсок ‘скураны пасак’, повáл ‘столь’. частцы рэгіёна: бруснíцы /брусныцы, брус- Для гаворак населеных пунктаў, якія зна- ныціы, брусныці/ ‘брусніцы’, ядлóвец /ядлóвэц/ ходзяцца паабапал р. Ясельда, характэрны наз- ‘ядловец’, шчавéй /шчавэй/ ‘шчаўе’, бéлыя вы: лапшаны ‘боб’, мóрохі /мóрахі, мýрахі/ грыбы /бéлые грыбы/ ‘баравікі’, сыраéжка ‘мурашкі’, ушáток ‘дзежка для жывёлы’, покóт /сыроéжка, сыроíжка/ ‘сыраежка’, пéвень /пé- ‘гара (гарышча)’, такмáнь ‘толькі што’, плюскі вэнь/ ‘певень’, каптáн ‘пінжак’, кýбак /кýбок/ ‘хованкі’. ‘кубак’. Для гаворак цэнтральнай часткі рэгіёна ха- Частка лексем ахоплівае больш паловы аб- рактэрны найменні: пэдэрко ‘божая кароўка’, следаванай тэрыторыі: гарабíна /гарабíына, га- кулéш ‘крупнік’, грáса /грáца/ ‘матыка’, шур рабына/ ‘рабіна’, бýльва ‘бульба’, боб /буб, біб/ ‘невялікая павець’, мíгоць ‘дробны дождж’, ба- ‘боб’, бацвéнне /бацвíнне, бацвíннё/ ‘лісце бура- бýх /бабушóк/ ‘падбярозавік’. Òðóäû ÁÃÒÓ Ñåðèÿ 4 № 1 2017 Â. Ì. Áîñàê, À. À. Áîñàê 93 Сярод намінацый адзначаюцца найменні, налíвачка, налíвайка (поўнач, спарадычна якія сустракаюцца спарадычна па ўсёй абследа- цэнтр), кашáнка (спарадычна на захадзе), кры- ванай тэрыторыі: саснá /соснá/ ‘сасна’, слепáк вянка (поўнач (усходняя частка)), чóрная каў- /сліпáк/, адувáнчык /одувáнчык/ ‘дзьмухавец’, басá
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