Research on the Diversity of Intestinal Microbial Communities of Red Tilefish (Branchiostegus Japonicus) by 16S Rdna Sequence Analysis

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Research on the Diversity of Intestinal Microbial Communities of Red Tilefish (Branchiostegus Japonicus) by 16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 Journal of Life Science 2018 Vol. 28. No. 3. 361~368 DOI : https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2018.28.3.361 - Note - Research on the Diversity of Intestinal Microbial Communities of Red tilefish (Branchiostegus japonicus) by 16S rDNA Sequence Analysis Min-Seon Kim1, Seung-Jong Lee1* and Moon-Soo Heo2 1Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Jeju 63068, Korea 2Major of Aquatic Life Medicine, Faculty of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea Received October 30, 2017 /Revised November 27, 2017 /Accepted November 28, 2017 This study investigated the diversity of communities of intestinal microorganisms, separated from the intestinal organs of Red tilefish (Branchiostegus japonicas), collected on the Jeju Coast. First, in the iso- lation of 1.5% BHIA, MA, TSA and R2A Agar on the medium, there were most colonies in 1.5% BHIA. The results of aerobic culture and anaerobic culture were 1.7X106 CFU/g-1 and 1.1X105 cfu/g-1, respectively, on average, and 147 pure colonies were separated in total. In 16S rDNA sequencing, there were 58 genera and 74 species, showing 95-100% similarity with the basic strain. They were divided broadly into 5 phyla, and as the main phyletic group, Proteobacteria phylum comprised 50% with 9 families, 35 genera and 35 species of Moraxellaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Shewanellae, Halomondaceae, Enterob- acteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, Hahellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Erythrobacteraceae, with the highest index of dominance. Actinobacteria phylum comprised 24% with 8 families, 11 genera and 17 species of Micro- bacteriaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, Dietziaceae, Dermabacteraceae, Dermacoccaceae, Nocardiodaceae, Brevibacteriaceae and Propionobacteriacea; Firmicutes phylum, 16% with 6 families, 8 genera and 17 species of Bacillaceae, Staphylcoccaceae, Planococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Paenibacillaceae and Clostridiaceae; Bacteroidetes phylum, 6% with 2 families, 3 genera and 4 species of Cyclobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae; and Deinococcus- Thermus phylum, 4% with 1 family, 1 genus and 1 species of Deinococcaceae. Key words : Branchiostegus japonicus, intestinal microorganism, marine bacteria, Red tilefish 서 론 품 선호도의 증가로 인한 것으로, 수산물은 필수 아미노산과 단백질, 무기질, 오메가3 등 영양성분이 풍부하여 건강증진에 장내에는 다양한 미생물이 서식하며, 이를 장내 미생물 도움이되며 제2의 식자원으로 각광받고 있다. 이에 따라 수요 (Intestinal microorganism)이라고 한다. 장내미생물은 다양한 와 섭취가 증가함과 동시에 해양생물 유래 유해균으로부터 대사활성을 통해 숙주의 면역, 신진대사, 신경계 등 건강에 노출도 또한 높아지며, 이는 식품 위생학적인 관점에서 매우 관여하며, 숙주의 질병과도 연관성을 지닌다[18]. 이처럼 숙주 중요한 문제라 할 수 있다. 와 장내미생물의 상관관계가 입증되면서 최근 장내미생물의 옥돔(Branchiostegus japonicas)은 농어목(Percifomes) 옥돔과 연구가 꾸준히 이루어지고 있다. 그 중에서도 수많은 장내 미 (Malacanthidae)에 속하는 경골어류로서 최대 45 cm까지 성장 생물의 군집, 분포가 큰 관심의 대상이 되고있다. 장내미생물 하며, 산란시기는 수온이 18℃ 전후인 6~10월경이다. 연근해 은 해당 숙주의 서식지, 온도, 먹이 등 주변환경에 영향을 많이 를 중심으로 수심 30~200 m 내외의 깊은 바다 속에서 서식하 받기 때문에 개체마다 매우 다양한 장내세균군이 서식하며, 며 주로 한국남해, 일본 남부, 동중국해, 남중국해 등 열대해역 이는 해당 생물의 생활사 파악 또는 생태계의 지표가 되기도 에 분포한다[14]. 이처럼 한정된 채집장소와 뛰어난 맛에 제주 한다[9]. 도에서 가장 고급어종으로 취급되어 선호도가 높다. 그러나 한국은 식량농업기구 FAQ (The Food and Agriculture 제주도 주요 양식 어종들에 비해 옥돔의 관한 연구는 비교적 Organization) 가입 24개국 중 수산물 섭취량 세계 1위이다 미비한 실정이다. 지금까지 옥돔의 연구사례는 생식주기와 성 [23]. 이는 양식업의 활성화 및 생활수준의 개선에 따른 건강식 장 등 생활사 관련에 대하여 보고된 바 있으나[5], 아직 옥돔의 장내세균의 다양성에 대하여 보고된 사례는 없다. 사실상 옥 *Corresponding author 돔 뿐 만이 아닌 수중유래생물의 장내 미생물의 연구가 드문 *Tel : +82-64-750-4370, Fax : +82-64-743-5884 *E-mail : [email protected] 편이다. 최근 해양유래생물로부터 장내미생물 분리연구 사례 This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of 는 다음과 같다. 무지개송어, 넙치, 볼락, 감성돔, 참돔, 자리돔 the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License 독가시치, 청어 및 불가사리 등이 보고되었다[6, 8, 9, 11, 15, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits 21, 22, 24]. unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 최근 붉은 멍게의 장에서 분리한 신종 미생물에서 새로운 362 생명과학회지 2018, Vol. 28. No. 3 항생물질이 발견되어 보고된 바 있다[16]. 이처럼 육상과는 전 수행하였고, 55℃에서 1분간 결합단계를 지나, 72℃에서 합성 혀 다른 환경에 서식하는 해양생물의 장내미생물은 종류도 1분으로 총 30회 반복하였으며, 72℃에서 5분간 최종 합성을 매우 다양한 반면, 연구사례가 미비하여 잠재력이 무한하며 수행하여 PCR (US/MYGein32, MJ RESEARCH, USA)을 실 연구가치가 높다[4]. 시하였다. 증폭된 PCR 산물은 1.5% agarose가 첨가된 Gel에 본 연구에서는 옥돔 장내에 서식하는 장내세균군집의 다양 0.5 μg/ml ethidium bromide (EtBr)로 염색한 후 전기영동하 성에 대하여 연구하였다. 이러한 연구는 최근 꾸준히 양식시 여 band를 확인하였다. 도가 이루어지고 있는 옥돔의 상품성 가치를 위한 원활한 성 장, 먹이, 질병예방 등 다양한 연구방면에 있어 필요한 기초 염기서열 분석 및 계통도 작성 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. 증폭된 16S rDNA는 ㈜제노텍(Daejeon, Korea)에 분석의뢰 하였다. 도출된 염기서열은 미국 국립생물정보센터 NCBI 재료 및 방법 (National Center for Biotechnology Information)의 BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) search program에서 실험어 채취 Genbank database와 Ezbiocloud (https://www.ezbiocloud. 본 실험에 사용된 시료어는 제주특별자치도 서귀포시 대정 net/)의 database를 이용하여 염기서열의 quality를 비교한 후 읍 태흥리 인근 연안에서 연안연승어획 방법으로 채집된 옥돔 각 균주마다 가장 근연속 또는 종으로 나타나는 서열을 확인 5마리를 사용하였다. 채집한 옥돔은 바로 4℃에 보관 운송 하 하였다. 결정된 염기서열과 database에서 확인한 표준 미생물 였다. 본 연구에 사용된 옥돔은 평균체장 24.5±1.0 cm, 평균체 염기서열을 ClustalW software로 multiple alignment를 수행 중 230±10 g의 어체를 사용하였다. 장내 음식물은 발견되지 하고 Mega 6.0 software 프로그램을 이용하여 Alignment 수 않았다. 행 후 Neighbor joining phylogenetic tree를 작성하였다. 장내미생물 분리 및 배양 결과 및 고찰 옥돔으로부터 장내세균의 분리를 위해 내장을 척출하여 내 용물을 제거한 후 멸균된 증류수에 세척한 뒤 멸균된 0.85% 옥돔 장내세균 분리 생리식염수에 현탁하였다. 그 뒤 homogenizer로 균질화하여 본 논문에서는 옥돔의 장내세균의 다양성에 관하여 연구를 잘 현탁되도록 voltexing 해준 뒤 1 g을 넣고 10-1~10-5 배로 하였다. 1차 적으로 평판배지상 colony의 모양, 색깔 등 형태학 단계희석 하였다. 그 뒤 일반 증식배지로 사용되는 Brain Heart 적 특징을 육안으로 구분하여 옥돔의 장내로부터 분리된 col- Infusion Agar에 해산어인 옥돔을 고려하여, 1.5% Sodium ony의 수는 다음과 같이 나타났다(Table 1). 1.5% BHIA배지에 chloride를 첨가하였고, 다른 영양성분의 증식배지 Tryptic 서는 4.8×106 CFU/g-1으로 가장 높은 colony 수를 나타냈고, Soy Agar, 해양미생물 전용배지 Marine Agar, 빈영양세균 증 그 외 MA 3.8×106 CFU/g-1, TSA 4.8×105 CFU/g-1 및 R2A 식배지인 R2A Agar (BHIA, TSA, MA, R2A, Difco, USA)에 1.6×104 CFU/g-1로 나타났다. 배지마다 colony 개수 차이는 평판 도말법을 이용하여 25℃에서 7일간 Incubator (JSGI- 있었으나 균 종류가 크게 다르지 않고 유사성이 높았다. 100T, JSR, Korea)에서 일반 배양을, CO2 Incubator (MC5- 장 내부 환경은 절대혐기성 또는 편성혐기성으로 CO2 혐기 15AC, Sanyo, Japan)에서 혐기배양하였다. 그 뒤 배지상에 나 배양 colony 개수 결과 1.5% BHIA배지에서 4.0×104 CFU/g-1 타나는 균의 크기, 모양, 색깔 등 형태학적 모습을 관찰하여 의 가장 많은 colony 개수를 나타냈으며, MA 3.7×103 CFU/g-1. 순수분리 하였으며, 옥돔의 장내 균체수는 CFU/g-1 단위로 TSA 1.7×103 CFU/g-1 및 R2A 1.2×103 CFU/g-1로 나타났다. 환산하였다. 각각 분리된 균주의 균체를 24%(v/v) glycerol에 배양 환경 조성의 차이에서 colony 개수는 호기배양이 더 높게 현탁 한 뒤, -85℃에 보관 하였다. 나타났으나, 혐기배양에는 비교적 다양한 균주가 배양되는 차 이를 보였다. 분자생물학적 동정(16S rDNA 염기서열 계통분석) 다른 두 배양 조건 모두 일반 증식배지인 1.5% BHIA에서 옥돔의 내장으로부터 분리된 균주의 분자생물학적 동정을 가장 많은 colony 개수가 나타났다. 이런 결과는 이전 연구결 위해 Genomic DNA Extraction kit (Bioneer, USA)를 사용하 과 넙치, 볼락, 송어 등 어류로부터 독립영양세균인 Pseudomo- 여 protocol에 따라 수행하여 DNA를 추출하였다. 추출된 균 nas, Achromobacter 등 MA배지에서 많은 colony 개수가 관찰 주의 16S rDNA유전자 증폭을 위해 primer는 27 Forward pri- 된 사례와는 다르다[9, 11-14]. 해양미생물 증식에 최적화된 mer (5’-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3’)와 1492 Reverse 주요성분이 무기염으로 이루어진 MA보다 다양한 영양분이 primer (5’-TACGGYTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3’)를 사용하였 필요한 장내환경에 따라 Glucose, Peptone, Animals tissue 등 다. PCR 조건은 95℃에서 초기 변성 4분, 94℃에서 변성 1분간 고영양분이 많은 1.5% BHIA가 더 많은 colony 계수를 나타냈 Journal of Life Science 2018, Vol. 28. No. 3 363 Table 1. Intestinal microbial flora isolated from the red tilefish (Branchiostegus japonicus) Medium Culture Fish No. 1.5% BHIA MA TSA R2A 1 3.1×106 2.7×106 2.21×105 1.7×104 2 3.4×106 3.1×106 1.7×106 2.0×104 Aerobic 3 2.8×106 2.2×106 1.9×105 2.4×104 4 7.2×105 1.1×107 8.2×104 1.5×103 5 1.4×107 1.9×105 2.1×105 1.9×104 Mean counts 4.8×106 3.8×106 4.8×105 1.6×104 1 2.4×104 5.2×103 2.2×103 1.12×103 2 7.1×103 3.1×103 1.8×103 1.9×103 Anaerobic (CO2) 3 1.3×105 3.4×103 2.0×103 5.2×102 4 1.95×104 2.1×102 2.9×102 3.1×102 5 2.1×104 6.8×103 2.5×103 2.2×103 Mean counts 4.0×104 3.7×103 1.7×103 1.2×103 다. 이는 종속영양세균인 장내세균의 특성을 나타내는 결과로 다. 모두 통성혐기성균으로 넙치, 고등어 내장에서 분리되었 사료된다. 이로써, 옥돔의 장내세균의 분리 및 다양성 연구에 으며, 프로바이오틱 균주로의 가능성도 보고되었다[30]. Acti- 있어 배지의 구성성분이 어느정도 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료 nobateria 문 분류군은 96-100%의 상동성을 나타냈다. 주요 우 되며, 최적의 배지는 1.5% Sodium chloride가 첨가된 BHIA로 점 과로 Microbacteriaceae 54%, Intrasporangiaceae 16%, Dietzia- 나타났다.
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