DOCSLIB.ORG

Vol. 7 • No. 1 • 2013

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vol. 7 • No. 1 • 2013 Vol. 7 • No. 1 • 2013 Published by Umeå University & The Royal Skyttean Society Umeå 2013 The Journal of Northern Studies is published with support from The Royal Skyttean Society and Umeå University © The authors and Journal of Northern Studies ISSN 1654-5915 Cover picture Scandinavia Satellite and sensor: NOAA, AVHRR Level above earth: 840 km Image supplied by METRIA, a division of Lantmäteriet, Sweden. www.metria.se NOAA®. ©ESA/Eurimage 2001. ©Metria Satellus 2001 Design and layout Lotta Hortéll och Leena Hortéll, Ord & Co i Umeå AB Fonts: Berling Nova and Futura Paper: Invercote Creato 260 gr and Artic volume high white 115 gr Printed by TMG Tabergs Contents / Sommaire / Inhalt Editors & Editorial board ................................................................................................................5 Articles / Aufsätze Robert Latham & Lisa Williams, Power and Inclusion. Relations of Knowledge and Environmental Monitoring in the Arctic . 7 Raynald Harvey Lemelin & Michel S. Beaulieu, The Technology Imperative of the Cree. Examining Adaptability and Livelihood in Northern Ontario, Canada ...........31 Kjell Sjöberg, Fishing Gear Used for River Lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis (L.) Catches. Documenting Rivers that Flow into the Baltic Sea. Part I, Sweden ..............49 Reviews / Comptes rendus / Besprechungen Review Essay: Recovering the Heritage of Past Research and Natural Resource Exploitation in Polar and Alpine Regions. Lars Andersson (ed.), Sarek, Arktis och akade-misk vardag. En bok om geografen Axel Hamberg (Skrifter rörande Uppsala Universitet, Serie C, Organisation och Historia 94), Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis 2012; Susan Barr, David Newman & Greg Nesteroff, Ernest Mansfield (1862–1924). “Gold—or I’m a Dutchman!”, Trondheim: Akademika Publishing 2012 (Aant Elzinga). 86 Jóhann Páll Árnason & Björn Wittrock (eds.), Nordic Paths to Modernity, New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books 2012 (Anders Lidström) ......................................................... 95 Nikolaj Frydensbjerg Elf & Peter Kaspersen (eds.), Den nordiske skolen – fins den? Didaktiske diskurser og dilemmaer i skandinaviske morsmålsfag, Oslo: Novus forlag 2012 (Monica Reichenberg) .............................................................................................. 96 Tuulikki Kurki & Kirsi Laurén (guest eds.), Folklore. Electronic Journal of Folklore, vol. 52, 2012, Borders and Life-Stories (Coppélie Cocq) ......................................................... 98 Cornelia Lüdecke & Kurt Brunner (Hrsg.), Von A(ltenburg) bis Z(eppelin). Deutsche Forschung auf Spitzbergen bis 1914. 100 Jahre Expedition des Herzogs Ernst II. von Sachsen-Altenburg, München, Neubiberg: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Geodäsie der Universität der Bundeswehr München 2012, Heft 88 (Aant Elzinga) . 100 Sigmund Ongstad (ed.), Nordisk morsmålsdidaktikk. Forskning, felt og fag, Oslo: Novus forlag 2012 (Monica Reichenberg) . 111 Marsha Keith Schuchard, Emanuel Swedenborg. Secret Agent on Earth and in Heaven. Jacobites, Jews, and Freemasons in Early Modern Sweden (The Northern World 55), Leiden & Boston: Brill 2012 (Friedemann Stengel) . 113 Instructions to Authors. 130 3 EDITORS Editor-in-chief: Professor Lars-Erik Edlund, Dept. of Language Studies, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden Tel.+46-(0)90-7867887 [email protected] Assistant editors: Professor emerita Barbro Klein, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS),Linneanum, Thunbergsv. 2, SE-752 38 Uppsala, Sweden [email protected] Professor emeritus Kjell Sjöberg, Dept. of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden [email protected] Editorial secretary: Associate professor Olle Sundström, Dept. of Historical, Philosophical, and Religious Studies, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden Tel. +46-(0)90-786 7627 [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Professor Johann P. Arnason, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; University of Akureyri, Iceland Professor emerita Louise Bäckman, Stockholm, Sweden Associate professor Ingela Bergman, The Silver Museum, Arjeplog, Sweden Professor Susan Brantly, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Professor Ken Coates, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Professor Yvon Csonka, Swiss Federal Statistical Office in Neuchâtel, Switzerland Professor emeritus Öje Danell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Professor François-Xavier Dillmann, École pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, France Professor Thomas A. DuBois, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Professor emeritus Aant Elzinga, University of Gothenburg, Sweden 5 Professor Ericka Engelstad, UiT The Arctic University of Norway Professor Sherrill E. Grace, University of British Columbia,Vancouver, Canada Professor Michael Harbsmeier, Roskilde University, Denmark Professor Annegret Heitmann, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany Reader, PhD Cornelia Lüdecke, University of Hamburg, Germany Professor Else Mundal, University of Bergen, Norway Professor emeritus Einar Niemi, UiT The Arctic University of Norway Professor Jill Oaks, University of Manitoba, Canada Professor Lars Östlund, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden Professor Anssi Paasi, University of Oulu, Finland Professor emeritus Andrejs Plakans, Iowa State University, Ames, USA Professor Neil Price, University of Aberdeen, UK Professor Håkan Rydving, University of Bergen, Norway Professor Elena N. Sibileva, Northern State Medical University, Archangelsk, Russia Professor emerita, Academician of Science, Anna-Leena Siikala, University of Helsinki, Finland Professor Peter Sköld, Umeå University, Sweden Professor Björn Wittrock, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS), Uppsala, Sweden 6 JOURNAL OF NORTHERN STUDIES Vol. 7 • No. 1 • 2013, pp. 7–30 ROBERT LATHAM & LISA WILLIAMS Power and Inclusion Relations of Knowledge and Environmental Monitoring in the Arctic ABSTRACT This article is a critical study of the planning and design process of the Sustaining Arctic Observing Network (SAON). SAON, in its ambition to build a comprehensive, pan-Arctic monitoring system, seeks to integrate all relevant scientific and environmental monitoring sites in the Arctic, guided by an ethic of inclusion regarding the know- ledge of indigenous Arctic peoples (KIAP). It is argued that the logics of inclusion in play, paradoxically, risks limiting the capacity for Arctic indigenous peoples to control their knowledge and its uses, to monitor the activities and outputs of SAON itself, and to appropriate the SAON system and its data for uses they control. This article also suggests an alternative approach: rather than place KIAP within SAON, it calls for planners to consider establishing knowledge relations between SAON and KIAP so that the distinct status of KIAP—in a position of exterior- ity to the comprehensive monitoring system—is acknowledged. Within these knowledge relations, differences in the production of knowledge can be effectively recognized, a site can be created for reviewing SAON’s monitoring work by local communities and practices, and strategies for open, adaptable data systems for local users can be established. KEYWORDS Arctic, monitoring, epistemology, environmental politics, science and technology, SAON 7 ROBERT LATHAM & LISA WILLIAMS, POWER AND INCLUSION Introduction A central locus of monitoring ambitions since the nineteenth century (see Levere 1993), the Arctic is now understood to be a crucial region for observ- ing the effects of global climate change, including increases in temperature, melting sea-ice and glaciers, and shifts in terrestrial and marine life (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 2005: 8).1 Accordingly, efforts are underway to organize the myriad Arctic obser- vation networks into a comprehensive system-of-systems to improve the understanding of the Arctic (SAON 2008) and increase capacities for de- cision-making as part of Arctic environmental governance. This drive will materialize in the formation of the Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON). This paper explores the logics of knowledge production involved in the planning of SAON and what is at stake in the effort to build SAON as a comprehensive monitoring system in the Arctic region. It argues that a comprehensive approach—one that integrates all the sites of knowledge production judged to be relevant to monitoring the Arctic, including the variety of knowledges of indigenous Arctic peoples (KIAP)—risks produc- ing a system that limits the capacity for Arctic indigenous peoples to: a) control their knowledge and its uses; b) monitor SAON itself; and c) access SAON data and information in ways and for uses they control. Through an analysis of documents released since 2007 that outline the fundamental plans for SAON, we will explore the attempt to be inclusive and comprehensive regarding forms and sites of knowledge produced and accessed in the Arctic. Even if SAON changes course (toward or even away from what is suggested here) or fails to be developed, this analysis remains relevant. This is because the process of planning SAON speaks to a par- ticular way of thinking about building systems for mastering knowledge that remains prevalent in the realm of Western science, even a science that increasingly attempts to be inclusive of other forms of knowledge.2 We cri- tique the planned starting point for SAON not only because of what SAON may limit but also to point to the potential for an alternative
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Catalogue of Place Names in Northern East Greenland
    Catalogue of place names in northern East Greenland In this section all officially approved, and many Greenlandic names are spelt according to the unapproved, names are listed, together with explana- modern Greenland orthography (spelling reform tions where known. Approved names are listed in 1973), with cross-references from the old-style normal type or bold type, whereas unapproved spelling still to be found on many published maps. names are always given in italics. Names of ships are Prospectors place names used only in confidential given in small CAPITALS. Individual name entries are company reports are not found in this volume. In listed in Danish alphabetical order, such that names general, only selected unapproved names introduced beginning with the Danish letters Æ, Ø and Å come by scientific or climbing expeditions are included. after Z. This means that Danish names beginning Incomplete documentation of climbing activities with Å or Aa (e.g. Aage Bertelsen Gletscher, Aage de by expeditions claiming ‘first ascents’ on Milne Land Lemos Dal, Åkerblom Ø, Ålborg Fjord etc) are found and in nunatak regions such as Dronning Louise towards the end of this catalogue. Å replaced aa in Land, has led to a decision to exclude them. Many Danish spelling for most purposes in 1948, but aa is recent expeditions to Dronning Louise Land, and commonly retained in personal names, and is option- other nunatak areas, have gained access to their al in some Danish town names (e.g. Ålborg or Aalborg region of interest using Twin Otter aircraft, such that are both correct). However, Greenlandic names be - the remaining ‘climb’ to the summits of some peaks ginning with aa following the spelling reform dating may be as little as a few hundred metres; this raises from 1973 (a long vowel sound rather than short) are the question of what constitutes an ‘ascent’? treated as two consecutive ‘a’s.
    [Show full text]
  • Nasjonsrelaterte Stedsnavn På Svalbard Hvilke Nasjoner Har Satt Flest Spor Etter Seg? NOR-3920
    Nasjonsrelaterte stedsnavn på Svalbard Hvilke nasjoner har satt flest spor etter seg? NOR-3920 Oddvar M. Ulvang Mastergradsoppgave i nordisk språkvitenskap Fakultet for humaniora, samfunnsvitenskap og lærerutdanning Institutt for språkvitenskap Universitetet i Tromsø Høsten 2012 Forord I mitt tidligere liv tilbragte jeg to år som radiotelegrafist (1964-66) og ett år som stasjonssjef (1975-76) ved Isfjord Radio1 på Kapp Linné. Dette er nok bakgrunnen for at jeg valgte å skrive en masteroppgave om stedsnavn på Svalbard. Seks delemner har utgjort halve mastergradsstudiet, og noen av disse førte meg tilbake til arktiske strøk. En semesteroppgave omhandlet Norske skipsnavn2, der noen av navna var av polarskuter. En annen omhandlet Språkmøte på Svalbard3, en sosiolingvistisk studie fra Longyearbyen. Den førte meg tilbake til øygruppen, om ikke fysisk så i hvert fall mentalt. Det samme har denne masteroppgaven gjort. Jeg har også vært student ved Universitetet i Tromsø tidligere. Jeg tok min cand. philol.-grad ved Institutt for historie høsten 2000 med hovedfagsoppgaven Telekommunikasjoner på Spitsbergen 1911-1935. Jeg vil takke veilederen min, professor Gulbrand Alhaug for den flotte oppfølgingen gjennom hele prosessen med denne masteroppgaven om stedsnavn på Svalbard. Han var også min foreleser og veileder da jeg tok mellomfagstillegget i nordisk språk med oppgaven Frå Amarius til Pardis. Manns- og kvinnenavn i Alstahaug og Stamnes 1850-1900.4 Jeg takker også alle andre som på en eller annen måte har hjulpet meg i denne prosessen. Dette gjelder bl.a. Norsk Polarinstitutt, som velvillig lot meg bruke deres database med stedsnavn på Svalbard, men ikke minst vil jeg takke min kjære Anne-Marie for hennes tålmodighet gjennom hele prosessen.
    [Show full text]
  • Polar Research in Tromsø in Brief Profile Editorial Retrospective Research Notes Useful Contacts Recent Doctorates Editorial
    POLAR RESEARCH IN TROMSØ EDITORIAL RESEARCH NOTES PROFILE RETROSPECTIVE IN BRIEF RECENT DOCTORATES USEFUL CONTACTS 2009 EDITORIAL Economic unrest? tre for Climate and the Environment, will be seen earliest near the poles. For much of the world, 2009 was a based in Tromsø itself. An integral part Norway has a unique perspective year of economic turbulence. The of this last initiative is the Centre for – being the only nation with territo- stock market wobbled, businesses Ice, Climate and Ecosystems, ICE, pre- rial claims in both polar regions – and and financial institutions faced bank- sented on page 14. ICE was officially Norwegian scientists have contributed ruptcy, interest rates plummeted and opened in March by Erik Solheim, the crucial monitoring data that appear to unemployment shot sky-high. Tromsø Minister of the Environment and Inter- confirm these warming trends. Indeed, is not immune to the economic situ- national Development. many experts believe we are already ation, yet the city has come through Together with the High North Strat- beginning to see the first consequenc- the year relatively unscathed. Clearly egy, New Building Blocks in the North es of global warming, particularly in Norway’s oil reserves get some credit, charts out a course for the next 10 to 15 the Arctic: shorter winters, retreating but part of the stability must be attrib- years. The world economy may be on a glaciers, thinning sea ice. uted to the Norwegian Government’s roller-coaster ride, but this long-term The Norwegian Polar Institute High North Strategy. First presented commitment bodes well for Tromsø’s and ICE have been instrumental in in 2006, the strategy aims to create future as a hub of polar research.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of a Workshop on the Historic Place Names of Franz Josef Land
    69 Chapter 8. The politics of place names: a summation25 Urban Wråkberg26 Abstract Remarks at the conclusion of a workshop, sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation, and held in Oslo, Norway, from 12-13 May 2015, to discuss the historic place names of the High Arctic archipelago of Franz Josef Land. Discussed are new approaches to toponymic research suggested at the workshop, as well as perspective based in the author’s research on the toponymic history of Kong Karls Land in Svalbard. Keywords Franz Josef Land, polar exploration, Oslo NSF workshop, Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, Spitsbergen DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/5.3585 First of all I would like to say thank you for the invitation to this impressive gathering. We discussed a bit yesterday this idea of the way forward with the materials we have seen here in Oslo. I have been working for several years now for The Arctic University of Norway’s Kirkenes campus, where my teaching and research has been partly in different but also in related circles, including contemporary issues of interdisciplinary research in northern studies and the borderlands of Europe. And, as we all know, there is a fair amount of politics going on in the borderlands with Russia today, so I agree that the historical material we have seen and heard about here, the historical naming of what is since 1926 (at first disputed) a Russian Arctic archipelago, should be handled with sensitivity, especially with regard to modern media that might ask you one question but use your answer for an entirely different purpose.
    [Show full text]