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PLA CE N A ME S

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OF WALSA LL

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OXF R V W E A ME N ORNE R E C O D UNI E RSI TY PRE SS ARE HOUS , C , . .

'mA VENUE NEW YORK : 9 1 93 Fu

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[A ll rights r eserved]

PRE FA CE

THE stud o f lac e n a mes i n y p s a mod er sci en ce . Un til Kembl e publ i sh ed h is Codex D ipl oma tieus ( 1 839 o u r A n glo - S ax o n r eco rds wer e inac ces

to n a t en t . e w e att e sibl e o rd i ry s ud s Th y e r sc er d , a n d t e in n t t t n were n a ta e hos publi c i s i u io s u c logu d ,

n n ex e an d fﬁ t to e e in a t n the u i d d , d i cul d ciph r ; d d i io , l an gu age in wh ich t h e y were written was u n d erstood

b f ew and en e a n te . Keml e e y , g r l l y eglec d b p rform e d w k n er eat fﬁ t e and a s the a te h is or u d gr d i cul i s , ch r rs e ate to t a t of E n an w t t the adva n r l d m os p r s gl d , i hou i n ent c n tage o f lo c a l k n owl e dge . H s a rra ge m is o

n th e ex n et a n d l at n o f fusi g, i n d i co m pl e , h is c orre io a n n t to e n name d ﬁ ent a n d re en t cie m od r s e ci , f qu ly n e D l oma ta r iu erro eous . Th orpe publ ish d h is ip m

A n icumin 1 8 nta n n me a t n t o g l 45 , co i i g so d d i io s ’ K emble s w k an d ev e a a at e an d t an or , s r l ccur usefu l r s l a i The v rn n t n e 1 8 ave e t o n s. G e e o m , s i c 73, h publ ish d fou r fol io v ol u m es o f F acsi mile: of A ncien t C/za r l er s i n the Br t s Museuman d t r e lar v e i i k , h e s i mi olu m s

A n lo- S ax on M a n uscr i ts w t t an t rat n o f g p , i h r sl i e io s W de G a B r tw en an d t ran sl at io n s . Mr. . r y i ch be e 1 8 85 a n d 1 893 al so p ubl ish e d t h re e qu a rto v olu m e s o f a r tula r iumS on icum n a ll kn wn C ax , co mp risi g o w k f a r as it ch a rt e rs t o the y ea r 975 . Th is or , so ’ e is n ﬁn te e to K e mble s Codex e n go s , i i l y sup rior , b i g

n i in mete an d has a n well a n otated ; b ut t is co pl , v i PREPA CE

We ha n o A n i n d ex o n l y o f p e rso nal n a m es . d glo

t na r w rt the n a n t B w rt S a x on d ic io y, o h m e , u il os o h

i n 1 8 8 a va t v e t n publ ished h is 3 , s l y i m pro ed d i io was the C a n n n of wh ich issued by l re d o Press , u d e r t tw en 1 8 8 2 an d th e ed i orsh ip o f P ro fessor Tol l er , be e

8 U n er t e tan it n o t n 1 8 9 . d h s e ci rcu m s ces , is s u rp risi g

a nt a n d t er t an who t t it t h t cou y o h h is ori s , h ough n e e a to a w t a t m e c ss ry d e l i h loc l e y ologi s , sh oul d

n era a tt ea n n a nd a ent ge ll y d ispl y l i le l r i g, m k e frequ a nd ﬂagrant m ista k es .

The t o f A n - S ax n o r Old- E n as s ud y glo o , gl ish som e

e to ter it n o w wev e r en to all a n d p r fe r m , is h o Op , is fa st being co n sid ere d a n ecess a ry pa rt o f liberal ed u

f th an a n n a c atio n . Kn owl edge o e l gu ge is i d ispe s bl e

n t n a n a e as a n n t e r i n co s rui g p l ce m s , prob bl y i e y p f en i n i Th e t n t o t av t e r e t . ce . h e m h e h i g sis ph il ologis a lso has oppo rtu n iti es to re fre sh h imsel f by resea rch es i n N an - F en e W a n d t e Ce t orm r ch , N ors , elsh , o h r l i c l a ngu ages ; so t h at he wil l p rob abl y n e v e r l ack

l a n at n o r ea e to e . occup io , c s r

A t A n - S a x n re o ur n x t a t t f er glo o cord s , e u hori y

D a B k I t w n e t c o n is o m esd y oo . is o d rfully co rrec , sidering th e ra pid it y of its co m pil atio n ( it is s a id to

av e two ear t at it the w o f h occu pied y s) , h is o rk N orm a n com m ission e rs and cl erks ta ki n g o ra l e v id e n ce

A . S . w tne e a n d was tran e mthe from i ss s , scrib d fro c rabbe d a nd abbrev i ate d w riti ng o f the peri od by oth er

e er e a re to cl rks . N u m ou s rrors o f cou rse be f ou n d in it a n d a a te the tw t and t rt e n , loc l c h r rs of elf h h i e th

ent a re e n e a e a t t c u ries oft p ref r bl u h ori i es .

I t a is r rel y saf e to trus t the p rese nt form o f a n a m e . C an e h as een n o n at all t e a nd h g b goi g i m s , co rru p t n e i ‘ io cr pt n lo ng b efore the Co n qu es t. Be fo re PREFA CE v ii

attemt n an et a t a n the ar e t m p i g y m ol ogy , sce r i e l i s for a n d use o f the word obs erv e h is tor y a n d ch ro n ology erve n et aw e r eat obs ph o i c l s ( Prof sso S k ) . Th e gravest e rrors are p erpetu ated in h istory i n co n s equ e nc e o f the ign ora n ce o f ea rl y wri ters o f eve ry

t n n n n a A s hi g co c e r i g pl ce n a m es . Professor S k eat

a t e had n o an o f a ta n n r n e s ys , h y m e s scer i i g p i cipl s

t at a re n ow we e ta a n d n t a o f h l l s bl ish ed , i s e d p ro ’ c ee in had to o n b I t d g by rul e g bl i d l y y gu ess . is c erta i n l y important to k n ow wh eth e r a battl e in whic h Ceawlin ( Ki ng o f Wesse x ) was d efeated by the Bri to n s i n 2 was t at Wan in W ts at 59 fough borough il , o r

’ ﬁ shir e e re We d n esbu ry in S ta o rd e . Th s pl aces a

a t n et e a a t an d we an n t n e tan bou ni y m il s p r , c o u d rs d the rel ati ve o ccu pation o f the cou n t ry by S a x o n s an d

Br t n at th e t e e to w t t n t n th e i o s , i m e r fe rr d , i h ou i de ify i g h A n f t e . . e n e l a t . ee v e n o S C oc l i y Th r rsio s h ro icl , u d r ‘ the y ear say Th ere was a great sl au ghter in

B ta n at Woddesbeor e a nd Ceawli n was v n o ut ri i g , d ri e ‘ ’ t n a a t Woden sbeor e Hen bu t a fou r h v ersio s ys g . ry

‘ ’ ’ H n t n n a a t Wedn esbur ie E thelwea rd s of u i gd o s y s , ‘ ’ n t Wodzzesb r an d F en e Wo r Ch ro icl e a y g , l o r c o f

‘ ’ ’ W nesbeo ﬁ {ﬁa t s Wade/1 s Moun t . c ester a t od r , i Ca m de n l a ys th e sce n e a t Woo dborough (wh ich h e ’ n t a n to e Weaa en sbur e ve n l fee ls co s r i ed sp l l g ) , se m i es

- m n t e a z e no t so u t h e s t o f D ev i es . Th is d o s co m e d i s l f t o Ca me n to G who a in A ddi ions t ough , s ys , his d , ‘ But Wo o dborro w bei ng the o n ly v ill age wh ose

t a o f Woderzsbur a nd t e n a m e reta i n s an y r c es g , h re n o t bei ng the l ea st sign o r tra d itio n o f a battl e fough t t e e t r t at Wanb o ro w th e t wn h r , o h e s su ppos e h i s o i n q u est ion; f o r Woden sburg /z m ight as easil y pa ss ’ ’ Wa d k i nto s bor oug /z a s Wodeusa ic i nto ns i e. v iii PR EFA CE

‘ ’ Li nga rd a ccepts Wooden sburg ( th e r e is n o s uch ’ a e ‘ i W E t n Or i ns o His tor a pl c ) n il ts . l o ( ig f y) s ys ‘ ’ it wa r a at Wan a n d K e e s p ob bly borough ; mbl , ﬁn d ing a Wodn esbeorg (pl a i n l y o n the bou n d s o f

Ha n in a t e 1 0 nd 1 0 0 d A l to n in ts) ch r rs 35 a 7 ( Co .

D e e a n it in n ex t o Wa n in), r ckl ssl y ssig s , h is I d ,

. H d u /z S ir R . A C. are W bor o bo rough . o suggests oo g ’ ‘ i n e a n d i n W t . a t n ete m il s Th orpe s ys i s u d r i d , ‘ D r G e t Or i nes Cel ticae w t Th e a e . u s ( ig ) ri es , pl ce , b y ond ’ all e t n Wan in W lt a nd he a e qu s io , is borough i s . rgu s t at h e w l ex e t Woden sbur n b the e ev ent h ou d p c g , y l h

twe t ent r to t n nt Woden - bn r /z o f o r lf h c u y , sof e i o g , wh ich Wan bor oug /z woul d be the mod ern co rrup L wr te t io n . ate r i rs h av e a ccepte d t h is v i ew withou t Wan i nvestigatio n . N o w it is impossibl e it c an b e e a e in t a f he n nt nt r borough , b c u s h ree ch rte rs o t i h ce u y t h at pl a c e is r ecord e d as Wen beorg ; in Domesd ay it is Wember e the 772 e n a n v e nt mta e g , b i g e id is k f o r n . Wen in the n n t ent n o t re re en t , i h c u ry , coul d p s an origi n al Woden . Th ere is o n ly o n e Wedn es bu ry in E ngl a n d (the Woden sbeorg in A lto n b ei n g o ut o f the e t n an d n ow n n wn an d I t qu s io u k o ) , sugges t h at th e Weddesbeorg e o f th ree v e rsio n s o f the C n f r e e er h ro icl e is an e rror o Wodn sbeorg . Th e is an t o h e r r easo n why Wed n esbu ry sh oul d be p refe rred . I t is wel l k n own th at the S ax o n s a d van ced fromth e s t a n d ea t a a l r v n the B t n ef e ou h s , gr d u l y d i i g ri o s b or

t e . The C n e n er the ea ﬁ teen h m h ro ic l , u d y r 57 7 ( f ‘ a e re the att e eferr to a Cuthwine ye rs b fo b l r ed ) , s ys a n d Ceawline f t a n t the B t n a t D e a m ough ag i s ri o s o rh , a nd t k t ee t e mt emGl e te C en oo h r ci i s fro h , ouc s r , ir ’ c ester a n d Bat t a he vi t r , h . It is m ore l ik ely h t t c o ious Caewlin a van e n rt war to We n e t an d c d o h d d sbu ry , h PRE FA CE ix

t at he e l a rt me t A . a n t h f l b ck fo y il s sou h g i , he ‘ ’ C n e n er 1 te t at I n a K n h ro icl , u d 7 5, l l s us h ( i g o f ‘ ’ ‘ ’ We ex a nd Ceo l red K n M r a f t ss ) ( i g of e ci ) ou gh , ‘ ’ ’ t ee ve n sa a t Woda esoeor e an d two sa h r rs io s y g , y ‘ ’ ’ a t Wodnesbe e Et l rd ‘ org . he wea s Ch ro n icl e s a ys a t ’ Wo tlzn esbeor e tli l ea e ent n d F ren e g ( c rly re pr s i g ) . lo c ‘ ’ o f W ter w t d e o rces rites a Wo n sbeor lz . Co mmen tato rs a a mea n W I lso ss u m e t h is to an borough . subm i t th at both the events referre d to took pl a c e

at We n e in Mer a not at Wan r in d sbu ry ci , bo ou gh

W x ess e . Ev en co nte mpo ra ry writers o f e m i n e n c e are ex

c eedin l i n n t n a e n a e a nd g y slips ho d co s rui g pl c m s ,

e n A o ld n n n d du ci g h istory fromth e m . ny o se s e is

en h n o Tne t good ou gh . T e th ird e d itio f S ory of

som E n l /z h s Ma e n . D e is S ir e b n l C e t D . g , y d l r igh o , ,

ate L B o f L n n has t 1 0 1 een l or d ishop o do , jus ( 9 ) b

e the w te we a re t in th e e a p ubl ish d , ri r, ol d pr f ce , ‘ b ei ng o n e o f the recog n ize d m aste rs o f E nglish ’ ‘ t r We to himLichﬁel d th e ﬁe o f his o y . ll , is l d ’ ‘ corpses ; Sta ff ord is th e f ord o ver the broa de n i ng ’ r am l b th e e taff st e wh ich cou d b e c ross ed y h lp of a s .

‘ W l ve a t n t e its n a o f the rava e o rh m p o l ls , by m e, g s ma d e by th e wild wol v es o n th e ﬂoc ks o f its ﬁrst ’ ‘ n a tan ven t t k its n a e mthe i h bi ts . Co ry oo m fro ’ nven t n w it at e v n the co rou d h ich g h red , o erl ooki g fa ct th at Coventry was Cof a n tr eo c e ntu ri e s be fore

th n e an d t at coven t ean n a nv e nt e Co qu st, h , m i g co ,

was we mthe F en an d n o t f n in borro d fro r ch , is ou d h o h mo ur l an a e 1 2 2 T e e t f t e et o gu g be fore 5 . r s y l f a r al e ogi es are o si m il v u . A e rt n a e na e t t the l a rg pro po io of pl c m s , h roughou ‘ w r av t r n in er na n a e . e r o ld , h e h ei origi p so l m s T h i PR EFA CE i nwa rd th o ugh t is th at th ei r h ous es sh a l l co ntin u e fo r

v e an d t w n - a to a ll n e at n t e e r , h ei r d ell i g pl ces ge r io s ; h y ’ I n n c a l l t h eir l and s a fter t h eir o wn n a m es . co ns tru i g

n a m we t re e t at n n a et t h ese e s m us m mbe r h ick m es , p n am a n d rt a e w e as n f e th e es , sh o n m s e r c o m m o be or

C n t as t e we e the a t n t a n d t o ques h y r i n l s ce u r y fu r h er , ‘ n v t Le t at n to . tte h Ti m e i cl i es bre i y rs , like sold ie rs o n a l n ma av e a ten n to O H and o g rch , h d e cy d rop ’ ld w t w en t e z e a e . O ur o e d es rt ri rs , h h y recogn i p er

n a n a a a n it to e t n so l m e , u s u ll y ssig so m d is i guish ed

But all the n n n a i n t i n d iv id u al . p rom i e t m es h is o ry we re bor n e a lik e by n obl e s a n d pe a sants ; a n d it is mo re l i kel y th at a pl a ce woul d t a k e its n a m e from

na ett e t an m m a man n a n t origi l s l r h fro s o e g re , u l ess in ﬂ k n own i n the l oca l ity . Th e uenc e o f p e rso n al n ames has o n l y bee n r ecogn i z ed wi th i n the l ast ' h n n t t e l o . th irty y ears . U il pub ic atio f M r S e a rl e s Onomasticon A ng lo - S ax on iemn wh ich gi v es o na n a the t Bed to t at a l ist f perso l m es fro m i m e of s. h K n n all t n w e ra n ta of i g J oh , coll ec i o s e r f g m e ry . I

v n the w n ﬁn te erv and the h a e fou d o rk of i i s ic e ,

o the a t e ll a u th o r is e ntitl ed t g r ti u d of a ph ilologis ts .

N en a a to av n ﬂ n e to T h e orsem ppe r h e i ue c d , som e

x ten t the r at n a n a e in the an e , fo m io of pl ce m s moorl d '

d ist rict o f N orth S taﬂ o rdshire . T h is i nﬂue n c e is

e n tirel y abse n t in the sou th o f th e cou n ty . Wh eth e r

a l n o f en ett e o n the an co o y N orse m s l d m oorl d s , o r

t e n ant ate the n t o r th e h ei r d sce d s m igr d fro m or h ,

an a tr e wn we an n t te but l gu ge ick l d d o , c o l l ; N o rse n en e a are nt n t ew a t e C ea a nd i fl u c i s pp or h of N c s l , h d le ,

Utto x ete r . I n c ases wh e re I h ave been u nabl e to arriv e a t a satisfa ctory Opi n io n I h ave though t it best to give PR EFA CE x i the rm av e met w t a nd eav the n tr t n fo s I h i h , l e co s uc io to t e who ma av e re ea n o r eet w t o h rs y h m o l r ing , m i h better m ate ri a l . F a rm a n d ﬁel d n a m es a re frequ entl y o f e x tre m e

an t t a nd in a w et nve a t . iqui y, o rd so m im es co y s ory Th e difﬁculty with t h emis th at with ou t a c c ess to the ’ own er s ti tl e- d ee d s it i s h a rd to get r el i abl e ea rly

c a n t e o n l b e an t a t form s . Th ey h refo re y sc il y d e l l wi th . O d street na m es a re often h isto rica l ly i n te rest i n an d mn a en al a ff ea g , u ic i p l record s g er ly ord rl y

m ave en a o f t mt o av inc u m for s . I h be ch ry h e oid

an e a n d r a t e w be me nt t n br c , p ob bly h y ou l d or i eres i g

i n mn Ma n o f t emav e t e n u i cipa l h ist ory. y h h h ir o rigi

in ma n - F ren the an a e o f the l aw t N or ch , l gu g cou r s and l awy e rs fo r abou t a h u n d r ed an d ﬁfty y e a rs

o 1 6 a an e a t et n a e i n p rio r t 3 3. T k e for i n st c s re m Wal a A bl ewell t eet t the t the s ll . S r skir s foo o f

o n w the r ta n an d n n t h il l h ich ch u ch s ds , i s co e c ed ‘ ’ w I n th e ith it by a sid e stre et ca lled the D itch . th irteen th c ent u ry th e n a me of th e street wa s A ml

‘ ’ w al le I m n w and wa lte a . n N . F . o va l a e s belo , is

a n M . E . wo rd co m m o n ly a pp li ed to ea rthworks or n ci e t

‘ en t en e Th re e e nt the e r ch m nts . e D itch p r s s foss of

t e ea t w w was v l e ﬁ t a a o a nd h se r h o r ks , h i ch isib f y y e rs g ,

ma t l A t t we et t t : y s il be tra c e d . l oge h e r g his s ory t at in emt t e the was wn b h , r o e i m s , c h u rc h h il l c ro ed y

h a n n t at t a t w r a t . at t e e r h o k s ( for ) T h cie f h ers bu il ,

w t n the t a t v n o t n i h i for , p rim i i e ch u rch , for d efe ce , b ut b e ca us e it was t h ei r com mo n pol ic y to use an y

a e e n t o r v en e ate th e eat en pl c fr que ed r d b y h h p eopl e ,

as e n a t a t v o A n d the t wn w b i g tr c i e t th e m . o gre h rou n d t e ch u rch . I h ave to ex p ress my a ckn owl ed geme n ts and th a n ks PREPA CE

t o a r- G ene al the H n ra e G e e Wr tte e M jo r o ou bl org o sl y , wh os e pa ti en t an d l ea r ne d l a bours in the compil a ti o n ’ o f Collec tions f or a History of S taf or a s/zir e (Will iam

S a t A a al S o et ﬁ t te an l rch eologic ci y) rs sugges d , d

at a tate t e e n te to r S at, gre l y f cil i d , h s o s ; Professo k e o f Ca f o r a v e o n man a n a wa mbridge , d i c y occ s io s , l ys m ost prom ptl y a nd cou rteous l y a ff ord e d an d t o m y

n W H. tev n n F ell w f E x e Mr. S o te C . e frie d , e so , o r ol leg , Ox f o r v a a ev n f o r w weve ford , h is l u bl e r isio , h ich , h o r , h e i s n o t to be h eld r espo n sibl e fu rth er t h an i nd icated by h is i n i ti a ls . W H. D G A N . . U I N SA L WA L L ,

D ecember 1 0 1 , 9 . PR I N CI PA L CON TRA CT I ONS

- -= l A . S . An l o Saxon O d En l sh. , g g i ’ B sw or th ll er r -T ll o To Boswo h o er s A . S . D c onar , t i ti y.

c . n r ce tu y. ’ art S ax i r h artul ariumaxon ic um C . . , B c s C S . ’ i mbl e Codex Di l o matic ax n i Cod. D Ke s us A evi S o i p , p c .

msda Boo D . Do e . , y k dat da e . , tiv .

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E . T. S . Earl En l sh Text So c e . E . , y g i i ty ’ H llan d En l s n m D . P . M Br en and o s h Pl a Na es E . E , itt g i t ,

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em mn n i . f e e. j , f , i i l G. G ae c , i .

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n ron o un p , p ced.

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x vi S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE IVA MES

f or a a an d it No trace o enclosure e rthwork rem ins , is Pit- l improbable that any ever existed . dwel ings could only have been occupied by so me persecuted feeble race hiding nd t a a a our themselves in holes ; a ye the pl ce is c lled g .

on a a . 8 . Jan dﬁne . down D , common termin l , from A , (pr ) , ’ '

a . Staﬂordshire . a a mount in , hill , down In pl n mes it ’ ma a wa be t a at av n o u y l ys r nsl ed hill, the county h ing mo n ’

doun . or . . a a as Jane aoune tains downs. In M E it ppe rs , ,

D an is a common word in Celtic an d Te utonic l angu ages . - W a a to a t. . In I . it is gener lly pplied hill for In the form is

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din an d dzn as a a a . , with simil r me ning

F i el d F el d F el t a . . ld , , , common termin ls from A S ﬁ ,

n an as now a ﬁeld ; in pl . ames not enclosure we under

ta a a as to s nd it, but pl in , open , unenclosed country opposed ’ woodland ; an expanse .

’ F r d a a m . . or a a a o , common termin l fro A S f , ro d or

a a t a a v of z . . . p ss ge hrough stre m , irrespecti e its si e In A S

‘ ’ charters a road to a m an s house which crosses a ri vulet is ’ ‘ ’ l - - frequently cal ed So an d So s ford .

Hal e v a a a as . This ery common termin l is usu lly tre ted

mr al i a . . lzeall a a or r c t form of A S , h ll , p p dwelling ; but

e a to a o f . lzea liz an lza llz dat. s ems lso be form A S . , Merci , ’ Izeale a ba le B w - a , Merci n , which os orth Toller s Diction ry gives ’ as a word of doubtful meaning ; but it is certainly used in a t h f . . t e o ma w o r a a A S ch r ers in sense e do p sture l nd . ‘ ’ C . a a a Kemble ( od Dip . ) lw ys construes it h ll ; but it is ’ ‘ ' a a w ‘ a cle ar th t m any pl . n mes no ending in h le or h all

’ - a w a . R zscﬁal e R a a a refer to me do l nd , now ush ll , c nnot me n ‘ a o f a a h ll built rushes . It is more likely to me n rushy ’ a w a F ear nlzeal as a a a l me do or p sture ; c nnot me n Fern h l s , ‘ ’ ' but may reasonably be read ferny meadows ; Hcét/zbala n ‘ ‘ ’ a a a w t a at a is more likely to me n he thy me do h n he h h ll, S UFFIXES x v i i

and so o n . a o f v a In the bsence e idence to the contr ry, ’ [ro le as a . a a t of the 1 I construe h ll In the e rly p r 4 c . the

lzal e an d Iza lle bale words (from O . F . ) were applied to

a v but al at av pl ces roofed o er, usu ly open the sides, to p ilions , ' an d our -ball a - Ital] tents , booths ; hence town , m rket . In

. a v a t a pl n mes , howe er , this me ning mus be disreg rded .

i u Ham. This common term nal is us ally derived from m a . . Iza a a now A S , home , dwelling ; but m ny pl ces ending

barn v ha a of a e [zo . o man in deri e t t p rt their n m from A . S d

v - Helm n lz lnz . o a O. ot . 0 E . , ri er side me dow ( is N , in this

W H . . . a w sense . S ) Yes ; prob bly borro ed from O . N. before the Saxons came here ; I amu n willing to admit that the Norsemen had any influence wh atever in the form a ' r l h a - of ea Staﬂo rds ire . t a tion y pl n mes , excep in North E st

Staff s .

a an l m Ha o d a ﬁe e y , c mmon preﬁx termin , is fro A . S . g a n 1 an lace 2 a al (g y ) , me ni g ( ) enclosed p , ( ) loc ity known

n o t . w ua l by deﬁned bounds , but enclosed Forests ere us l y

v a f r a at Ca di ided into h ys o dministr ive purposes . nnock Forest is sometimes recorded as ‘ The Forest of the Seven

’ be e he e lzei lza ie lza e ba Ha . . . e ys In M E g becomes y , , , y , y ,

l . ba A a . . na an d a . a . w simil r forms It is l ied to S g , M E , lzo /ze Iza we al a an an d g , , which so me ns enclosure, is frequently applied to burgage tenements in towns .

Hill a a and an a a , common termin l , occ sion l preﬁx , is from

. Incl li nlle a . a a b ll . A . S . y , M E , , hill The word is comp r tive , a an d often applied in level districts to slight elev tion s .

H e a a t a an d an op , in v rious forms , is common ermin l ,

the a a l a . o ccasion al preﬁx in Midl nds, especi l y S lop It is

lzo e to in . . a i bo . . A. S . p, M E p , only be found A S diction r es

va izo and in its adjecti l form , n in hills hollows , or

- - d u as mar [ze a a o h a . in compoun , s ch p ( plur l) , mo r ope , fen It ’ ‘ u H a v e t o . . : H t means a alley b tween hills Exs opw s , op on , b x v ii i S TA FF ORDS HIR E PLA CE NA MES

W & H Rat c . o e oa c/z comoe av oolhope , linghope, p , , , h e sub l stan tial y the s ame meaning .

L e L ei h L ea L L a . T c ma y, g , , y , y hese ommon ter in ls

A /z t le e S lea an d da . a . are . [e . . . l e e from , gen g (g y ) , M E y ,

l a le ll a as a u y , , Open unti ed l nd used p st re, the unenclosed

a a a i a p rts of m nor, wh ch might be gr ssy , bushy , woody, or

v v a aried . For bre ity I translate the forms s pasture .

A . L ow a t a . blow . . l awe , common ermin l , from S , M E , ma lowe a . a a a , mound, hillock ; but, in pl n mes , y lw ys be ’ ’ - a a a . re d buri l mound, b rrow

. mor M r e M r a . . o , oo , common termin ls , from A S ( pr

' mo r r h ua o . mor mo e moor e. T e l a ) , M E . , , word is us ly pplied a a la but a to w ste , sw mpy nd ; sometimes to high , w ste ground , u ntimbered .

T o n T e Tu n a and c a al are , on , , termin ls o c sion preﬁxes ,

d . t n . Th a e . t n M . ow e . an l . t dat. n ou o a A . S , , M E , E origin l

‘ a w was an a l o r a me ning of the ord enclosure , ﬁe d pl ce ’ ‘ ’ u u a a o r a an s rro nded by b nk hedge ; hence b rton,

‘ ’ a an a a . enclosure for corn , ppleton , pple orch rd It then ‘ came to signify a sep arate dwelling with the land enclosed ’ a . a a a a v a bout it Now it is usu lly pplied to l rge ill ge , a town ; but the original sense is expressed in most o f our ’ a ‘ ton a as 1 8 W ff pl . n mes ending in . As l te 3 9 ycli e ‘ at : But dis isiden an d t writes , M t . xxii . 5 thei p , wen en

‘ ’ oo n anothir marchaun dise. forth , to his toun (ﬁeld) , to his Ta n was 22 no t ow ( shortened in compounds , hence , , the W H v 12 a a . . de elopment of in norm l circumst nces . . S )

' ’ lz Wi c h a a . . wzc dat . wzce c e , common termin l from A S , (

’ ’ k w ke a in e . . wzc wz e before ) , M E , , y ( lso composition

’ ~ - a a wic/z w c/z a n L. z ncus a la ssibil ted , y , y} , from , p ce) ,

d . l a . . an dwelling , vi l ge , town In the N E it becomes , under

a a a fl i ck an d w ke. The w Sc ndin vi n in uence , w y ord is not to

wick a n a be confounded with , on the co st , which is ge e r lly S UFFIXES

O . N. an d a a ba n or wic/z u from , me ns y ; with (origin n w a a or a t e . . Droitwi cﬁ a kno n) , s lt spring, s lt own ; g , N nt M wiclz wick iddlewi cb Shirle wicﬁ &c . , North , , y ,

W r th a t a . . wor t/z weortb wa r tlz o , common ermin l , is A S , , ,

w r t/z wier t/z a a tat t . a y , , homeste d, f rm , es e , proper y It is llied

t/21 weor t/zz a t z w z . . or lz w . w r r tﬁ to A S g, g g, y g, sometimes found

as wor t/zz n wor t/zin e has a a . g , , which precisely the s me me ning

a av a a The l tter forms h e frequently, especi lly in S lop , ’ in wa Belswardin a t war a e . . a e h rdened in o , e g Shr rdine, ,

wa C a &c and the SW. av Ped rdine , hesw rdine , . ; in h e ’ W & wor tlz as H w t K c . become y , in ols or hy , ing s orthy,

S T A F F O RD S HI RE

PLACE NA MES

A b Hul n b e t h . in B . 1 and 1 Hal/on. y o , , urslem 3 4 c .

lz ll i . lz l bull . . . and . . tzi n . toun n A S y , M E , , A S , M . E , tow — To n H . Abbe i s an a t on a ) illtown y ddi i , fter the erection o f a C a a in 1 2 2 isterci n bbey here 3. b b B A ts Br ml e v. o o y, romley Abbo ts . b ’ W A b t s Castl e h i l l 2 . . a o , m of Trysull , long ridge of the a n aff ~ hilly ground , here forming bound ry betwee St ord ’ ’ u - ‘ shire and Salop . 1 2 94 Ag ar aes castel ; 1 30 0 Apezvar oes ’ astle a a A uar a n d ar d C . It is cle r th t g a Apew represent one o an n - l zoear d f . . a wear d . . z E the m y A S mes ending in , e g / , ’ ‘ E ll elwear a &c . but are u iden ti , ; the forms too corr pt for

‘ ’ ﬁcation n o an t a . The co nexion f Abbo with the loc lity ma an d t a y be dismissed , we must be con ent to know th t the ‘ ’ castle (probably the prehistoric earthworks o n the ridge) w ‘ as a a . w a n med fter some A . S hose n me commenced with A - {E and n e d. n es or e ded in w ar The ge . in the forms a a m kes this cert in .

W Lichﬁeld. A b n al l s Th e an an t tat 1 . N . ( ) , cien es e m of

wa an . . . n . 1 . A l l en/z ale Al l en/roll . E l l a s 3 c , A S p , which ,

A a l a n a bo le a a l l . Al . l ter, bec me , gen The termin l ’ ‘ ’ a —z Ebba s a I construe h ll h ll .

A ck b u r B ur a a 1 . . B w . y or e ck b y , f rm m S of re ood

1 Her kel ar 1 0 and 1 2 E r l el arwe. 3 c. ewe ; 3 4 3 7 The

we a o r u /z . l er e a a . . l eer . termin l is pl inly A S , M E , hill tum lus ,

- w r a . . a a a a o in M . E gener lly pplied to b rro buri l mound a Ar n tel a . n . a The preﬁx represents p , prob bly origin lly cy , B 2 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

w which as shortened to A r cytel and A r etl . It is not po ssible

a Ackbu r a (with the forms) to identify the n me , but y cert inly ‘ ’ me ans the burial-mound of some one whose n ame is rep t e ‘ ’ ke sented by Ack and E r .

A c t n Tr ssel l . . . 1 0 0 Ad an o u , 3 m N of Penkridge 4 ;

k an — A ctone. . . dc o a t Oa . D . A S , , , town Ton) ktown

“

a a . 0 or oa . a The long bec me in M . E It is curious th t - A ctzi n has a a i a a a A clea lmost inv r bly m int ined its form , whilst ’ has T russell w a an a become Oakley . The s ere Norm f mily a w a o f holding l nds in Staff ordshire . They ere e rly lords

Acton .

A W E dl aldes/on e db ast n a . o , 4 k m . . of Ecclesh ll D . ;

’

1 2 an d 1 Adl al oeston e Al l oldestun A ll a ldiston . C a 3 c . , , le rly ’ E a d — d as . . . l ald Eadbal from the A S . p n s town . The is

u . n o w s the f ll gen , shortened to .

h . Blith f 2 . n R . 1 A dmast ﬁeld . e . o o , , in , 4 m N ugeley c ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ amunaeston A amer aesto 1 dmun a s/ n A dmun des n . A e a E , ; 3 c , ' o d n d — t n E mu estone. . . mund a . Ead , A S p n . E dmund s town W W l N . e an a h . l Ton) . There is Adm ston , , l m . of

n n mns/ n Ade li to a 1 c . was Ade o o g , S lop , which , in the 3 , , ’

moneston . a Ea . The root is the s me , dmund

E a d h . n r 1 0 0 A ar del e . B . o g y , , Abbots romley Ab ut 4 ’ r E d a r esle e 1 d ar esle A doe a r esl e. ar es I e . . A g gy ; D g g ; 3 c g , g g ’ a /z d e a a A . . . n . E a ar and . . l ea le S p g , A S , g , p sture , untilled l nd — ’ u . L a are an a Eadgar s past re ( v ey) . The Ag rds ncient

' Staﬁo rdshire a a n a a f mily, t king their me from this pl ce , or

perhaps conferring it .

f L . 1 1 2 A l der l e . . . o y , h in Meerbrook , 3 m N eek 9 ’ A ldr eaesle a . . . . . E aldr ed a . g A S p n , l ter Aldred The ter Le . lea e v. . minal Ieg a is the latiniz ed form o f A . S g ( y) The ’ - meaning is Aldred s pasture l and .

/z Al d ersh aw h. 1 . . o f Lichﬁeld. 1 . A lr es a we , , m S 3 c ;

lder a . aller a l r . a r 1 . A te s/ta me. . l r al e . 4 c A S , , M E , , the lder

n e awe a w v a d . . scco a . . sclza w sl (tree) , A S g , M E , , ood , gro e , — the alder wood .

4 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

’ — - — d E nd and start . stan E ﬁel . ; , A S . , stone ne s stone

ma av a t a a There y h e been , in the loc li y , some rem rk ble ’ stone known as E ne s stone ; but the probability is th at the ’ stone m arked the bound ary of [Ene s property. W A l t n A l e n o r A l t n T w ers . N . o , v to , o o , 7 ; m of

E lvetone 1 and 1 . Al ne/on a Uttoxeter. D . ; 3 4 c ( re d

Al oe/on a a ) frequently . This would prob bly be , origin lly,

n tﬁn l f z E a . . . Ai a o r a t o lf , from the A S . p n / , shor form one o f the a a {El 3 c as xE l a r m ny p . n mes commencing / , su h /g , — ’ E l eat & lf 11 To n . c JE a s . f g , . town ( ) ' hire A b l ec te a u Staﬂords . m o , s burb of Stourbridge , but in

E lmelec / e . ote . ote 1 . A me ecot 1 C D ; 3 c , frequently ; 4 c

Hame e l H l Hu R A mel cote. ( ndred ol s) , I think the undred m ’ R an d a ma a He ele s . olls give the key, th t we y re d this cot

’ Hemel e w - as a w . . . n a a ell known A S p . , ppe ring in D , in

a a z r as Hamelin us. o f an a l tini ed fo m , The dropping initi l l was common in M . E .

m r c f ff . mi ton A ert on h . 111. o a . 1 E l , , 5 ; NE . St ord 3 c a Aml ic E an l r ilzt r ton A ml r z /z/on . . . . l ter , , g A S p . n (older ’ E an l eor l —Eanbrih O t s town Ton) . A n k r e a at a . , river, ﬂows into T me T mworth This is

a . . na e . a ncr a . . are M E m ( from A S . ) . The M E forms ancr e a nkr e an l er an a , , , nchorite , hermit , nun, the word

ma s. and being both fem . The river is twenty miles long , ‘ ’ an d w two a a and there ere hermit ges , both for nchoresses, a w u n k rw ke n r A e . nunnery ( Poles orth) upon its co rse . y , ‘ ’ ’ a v a has a a a B St ines , Anchoret s ill ge , simil r origin , enedictine

a nunnery h ving be en founded there in the 1 2 c .

- - A n sl w h . NW f B u 1 0 111 . o o . 0 o , , 33 . urton Trent 4

A n tlzle e E an tlz ele e An szki el e 1 an d 1 . A n sedes y g , sy g , ey ; 3 4 c

’ l e e a A nseael /e an d A nsle a t y ; l ter, g y . The e rly forms poin to ’ A . . . ma a . . E a nsw tl a a the S fem p n y . It y be s int s n me ;

was a Ean w th St. s an d o there y , Ansl w belonged to the B a a a a monks of urton , who m int ined ch pel here , destroyed after the Reformation ; it is n o t known to whom it was — A L TON A RLEY ( UPPER) 5

W ma v a a . e dedic ted y, howe er, s fely conclude th at the ’ - a Ean sw th s a a v. Le me ning of Anslow is y p sture l nd ( y) .

h 111 W f . A eton . . S . o f a . A l etone 1 p , , 5 ; St ford D ; 3 c .

n A eton A l e/on A e/on A l l el o 1 . . , p , ; 4 c p These forms point ’ . . . . A l l a E l l a z E l l e an d avo to the A S p n , , or f ur '

a . a a a [ the l st I therefore tr nsl te the n me Ebbe s town . The

n correct A . S . form would be z E l l a /zl n .

h . M w A u i l at e eerto n 2 . . t q , , in , m NE of Newpor . ’ 1 1 2 A uila 1 . A uz l a oe A uil one 1 . A uil ot 9 q ; 3 c q , q ; 4 c q ;

. c uzla t mA ui 1 6 A . t l a a c q The ﬁrs for , q , I h ve only met

w as a . n . it an d a ith p , but I think is the right root , th t the

R 1 other forms represent it . In the Pipe olls for 1 2 9 ’ Matilda ae Aquil a is returned as a Sta ﬂb rdshire tenant i n

o i/e was a a f a c p . She d ughter o the Norm n house of ’ L Ai le amno t a v a a a a g . I ble to pro e th t M tild owned Aquil te ,

o an a but it would , I think, be imp ssible to ﬁnd y other pl ce

taﬂordshire u A uil a in S which co ld be represented by q . h I need scarcely say th at Aquil a is only t e L. form ( the ‘ ' ’ L Ai le and Pipe Rolls are in L. ) for French g English ’ a as a n o can a E gle . Except forms of Aquil , sense be m de ’ l was w o f A uil a ae A uil one A ui lot. a a q , q , or q M ti d the wido of

R a a o f u a an d w obert de Mowbr y, E rl North mberl nd , , ith

a w A licence from the Pope , m rried his nephe Nigel de lbini ;

a a was s an d a r . but the m rri ge que tioned , Albini rem r ied

a l a a a w an d u a a . M ti d rem ined wido , res med her m iden n me d has a o n had a . an She m nors in Dorsets , conferred her n me

‘ ’ W as W o a . inford , since known inf rd E gle Montgomery, and Ca al a re a a o f a ux , in S op , ex mples of the doption Norm n

a as . a . p . n mes pl n mes E W f B d . ar nl eie A r l e U er . N . O y ( p p ) , 4§ m ew ley 994 ;

E r n le e 1 1 0 0 E r n le e 1 2 an d 1 . E r lei 1 . D . g ; g ; 3 c ; 3 c l and S a r n le /z . . ear n a an a A g . A S me ns e g e , Professor ke t ’ ’ ‘ But i is of Opinion th at Arley means E agle s lea . Arley s

a l a f or a a ff a u not like y pl ce e gles, h ving no rocks or cli s bo t ‘ ’ an d E r ne E ar n was an . . . n . as a now. it, , , A S p , E gles is 6 S TA FFOR DSHIRE PLA CE NA MES

a s the a as E a r nl a ld It is l o preﬁx to numerous n mes, such ,

E ar n eat E a r n r im& c l g , g , . I think it more like y, therefore ,

r a . 11 a a n a . that E a n here represents p . th n e gle

l 1 . A r l e Ki n s L w er Ar e . r . y g , or o y , m S of Stou port A l . E r n le e . E r n e e 2 . V. . D . g ; 1 c y rley (Upper) It is 7 m the v a A an d a l lower down Se ern th n Upper rley, is c l ed

‘ ’ K a o C ings , bec use in the Middle Ages it bel nged to the rown ,

v h h a ing twice esc eated .

W i a e i e h . . N Li hﬁeld 1 Her mt A r ta c . m g , , 5 5 m . of . 3 c g ;

. er mta e . 1 6 H . a . a c y g This is M E n me , borrowed from the

h h L r / w mi a . Th ad . e e e Frenc , who it from ord is found in

l er mita e Izer mi/a e r mi/a e er a r h . as e e . M . E g , y g , g ( ) T ere was a hermitage here in the 1 3 c . - — f A h l e on T er n . . o a a . s y , 5 m NE M rket Dr yton D .

A n / 1 ssi e e l . . E sselie ; 3 c . g g The D form might be transl ated ’ ‘ A c c ws c/z . asclz c/ze n h a . S as le . . es a the , from ( ) , M E , ,

- ash an d . c esse ash but 1 . tree , D ommonly writes for ; the 3 c

a a an d a a a form is prob bly the most reli ble , th t ppe rs to be ‘ . E o r v . z sc a a the gen . possessi e form of the p n , origin lly W H . a anlea/z . T . E sseli e z E sc his ( . S s ys) would be written

' - f 1 . o l D . an d zn o in , the g the 3 c f rm is ike Abingdon from

’ ’ ’ - l l an aun A l en aun A l in aun . {E , through , W k an a c a 2 N . Li hﬁ l h r Br e d. me . c A s o oo , n ient f rm m of

E tmer esl r ok A sscl nzor el r ol 'e A slz meresl r ol e 1 and 1 . s . 3 4 c , ,

are a but h c The forms l te , I think t ey ombine to give us ’ mar u u r Ash . [Esc mae s (pr. ) brook A brook r ns thro gh the

d f a a u a a a an a . f rm , ne r the homeste d , orms p rish bo nd ry

The possessive s in the forms points to a p . n .

- W 1 . K f . A sh w d A sh w d L d e . oo , oo o g , 5 m of ingswin ord ’ ’ h 1 . u A swoae A s/zwoae. . . 3 c (freq ently) , T ese M E forms ’ ‘ ’ ‘ w o was o n e of a cle arly me an Ashwood . Ash o d the h ys o r K divisions of inver Forest. \V h H . a A sk ew B ri d e S 1 . . g (in edgley) , § m of imley I ve

f la no forms earlier than the beginning o the st century . I b v the a to a a a — a elie e n me be wh t it s ys skew bridge th t is, — A RLEY KINGS A S TON 7 a a bridge which , inste d of crossing the stream in a straight an line , crossed it in oblique or crooked line . In early times m t of w a ost bridges were buil wood , of rude orkm nship. The present bridge would probably give no indication o f the meaning ; the name may have been acquired long ago when was a v a its site occupied by primiti e structure . Ne r Church

t a a a . Stre ton , in S lop , on the m in ro d from the S to Shrews ’ a a a a l ‘ a B It bury, is subst nti l bridge c l ed Qu king ridge . was ual in el r u e 1 2 and a Q gg gg in 53, doubtless took its n me l ’ origina ly from its frail condition . The n ame Aske w Bridge ‘ ’ a a as C t a c nnot be r re, the en ury Diction ry, under Skew, ‘ a : a a at an a s ys Skew bridge , bridge pl ced y ngle , except ’ a a w a or a w it u . right ngle , ith the ro d stre m over hich is b ilt

Sl ew an d a via n appe ar to be synonyms . The word is of

u and was a doubtf l origin , not used in Engl nd before ‘ ’ ' i n H. a R 1 6 . E H the c ( . Askew ill , ne r epton, Derbyshire (erroneously m arked on Ordnance map a a u a ppe rs , from the conto rs , to be crooked hill .

ia 1 2 2 f . Har ele h. . a . A s l e . o p y , , 3 m N Ecclesh ll D p ; 7

: . A s ele . . . ( es ces e . as e p g (g y ) frequently A S p, p , M E p ,

- — - L a P o ul us tremul a a lea v . e . the spen tree , p the spen tree ( y)

A s elez /z . n d 1 . E s / e A s l e h . a . 1 a p y , , in Sh reshill 3 4 c p ey , p g

n r. a . V. Aspley, Ecclesh ll

E stone. n h 2 . . . . A sto , . , m SE of Stone D A common ‘ ’ - . n . a pl . , D . recording sixty four m nors under Estone In ‘ ’ t w E ar/an a . A . S . the correc form ould be , E st town All Astons I h ave been able to trace to their roots have this ui /mi n are S u all a S me aning. So Suttons (origin lly ) o th

N or tlztun t W Westun town ; Nortons ( ) , Nor h town ; estons ( ) , Wha a West town . t they were e st , south , north , or west sa a of it would now be difﬁcult to y. I think it undesir ble to multiply early forms with a clear root ; but I may say ’ ‘ t a and th at in the 1 2 c . As on is common form , by the

‘ ’ 1 sa a ta end of the 3 c . Estone di ppe rs , or kes the form 8 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PEA CE NAMES

‘ ’ of a w i we a in a a o t h E ston , of h ch h ve Engl nd b u t irty

n a existi g ex mples .

n NW aff E stone. A sto in 2 111 . . . . , Seighford , of St ord D

V. A n r. . ston, Stone W W Litt A sto n Li tl e h . 11 1. a a . 1 . le ( t ) , , 4% . of ls ll 3 c ' A ston u on Cole eld Little Aston u on l e Cole el a A ston on p / , p ﬁ , ’

Col e el a 1 . A ston on te Cotc ld. V. n r. . f ; 4 c ﬂ Aston , Stone

Colﬁeld was an a ar Ca The immense he th , p tly in nnock

and a a a was Forest p rtly in Sutton Ch se . Sutton P rk enclosed B V . H V from it by ishop esey temp enry III . NW - - A u dl e 111 . o f a u L . . y , 4§ . Newc stle nder yme D ’ ’

A ldi aele e 1 2 . A lditl l e e Aldztlzleia . g ; C g , I think these forms E v . . . ald t/z a A ld itl an d A ldi/lre gi e us the fem p n gy , l ter g ’

th l a v . Le A v Ealdgy s e ( y) . udley is s aid to ha e t aken its ’ n a Aldithe Ha but w o f me from , rold s queen , I kno no authority for the statement . The lady who conferred her ’ na a v Ha as me prob bly li ed long before rold s time , D . records Wulfric and Godric as the Saxon possessors in the o f a C time Edw rd the onfessor .

A u str ell s Th e a a on ( ) , the n me of some ﬁelds st nding

u . A st r u l . 1 c . e /1 l . . high gro nd in Aldridge 3 , frequently M E aster astr e auster a a O w a , , , he rth . ( rigin unkno n , prob bly

. I w borrowed from O F . ) n primitive times iron ores ere s in a a a a l an air- melted simple conic l furn ce c l ed bloomery , erected on the top of a hill in order to obtain a n atural bl ast .

h v T ey could only be used when the wind was fa ourable .

u was w a u Dud ud The f el ood , co l being introd ced by D ley w m a o 1 6 0 and a . u consu b ut 5 , slo ly dopted The enormo s p

a w an d was tion of wood obliged the tr de to follo it, the ore

a on a w a c c rried horseb ck to the ood , for long dist n es, until

wa r the locality s denuded . Within a mile o f the Aust ells is

‘ ’ av an 1 2 Aston Forge , known to h e been ironwork in 3 9, a and perh ps long before . I amnot aware if any scoriae are

Austrells a a to be seen on the , but they bound round Aston ’ Forge . The meaning of this name is the hill of the hearth . — A S TON BA NNUTT TREE ( THE) 9

In w a are Derbyshire , here le d ores found , the hilltops on

‘ ’ ‘ which they were smelted are called Bole hills o r Bole ’

a . B a n a e . V. B ste ds ole hill is commo n me th re lymhill , Bon hill n m e , a d S estow.

Badd el e r e n W G e Baddel e E d e N . y , y g , 3 m . of ’ ’ Ha — . 1 . Beddel e e. . . . n . Baaa B adda Badda s nley 3 c y A S p , L a v e . le ( . y)

B l l h. 2 111 . . B e aden h a a . . ad nlzale , , NE of Ecclesh ll D ;

’ 2 d — 1 Ba enlza l . . 2 e. . Bada B adda Badda s a 7 A S p n . , h ll H ale) .

W W v Ba eri d e W ds S . f a 8 o . 1 2 6 g g oo , 4§ m . ol erh mpton

a er u f B e a 1 B er u e . C o a . . gg gg ( h se ) ; 433 gg gg A S p . n . — ' Bo e a and . . lzr c . r u e a Bac a s . g , A S y g , M. E gg , ridge g ridge

w w are v and tu u v The oods, hich extensi e pic resq e, co er a of a and l a w o f K v ridge high l nd , y ithin the limits in er

Forest .

- - Ba n al l in t. 1 2 . Ba enlzalt 1 . g , Stoke upon Tren c gg ; 3 c

Ba enlzolt w B /zinlzolt 1 . Bal nald. A . . g (t ice) , ag ; 4 c The S

Bac a a to w n p . n . g cle rly forms the preﬁx , hich the is the w v . a t a gen ddition . As to the ermin ls , the eight of e idence is

v f lzolt a w w o a as a a ball . a o . . in f our A S , ood , o dl nd , g inst

‘ ’ ’ I therefore construe this as Bacga s wo odland .

- - W f a L . l l . N o Ba ter e h 6 . . y , , 5 m Newc stle under yme ’ ’ 0 0 B altr t/zelea e Baltr edele e 1 . Balar ia ele 1 4 y g ; D . g ; 3 c , ’ ’ ’ Beal atl tlz Baltr a ele lz . . . . Balter ael e . gy , y g . A S fem p n ry ’

Le . Bealdthryth s lea ( v. y) W 111 N . B an n u tt Tr ee Th e h . . ( ) , , in Upper Arley, 35 of

B ann ut a a w u w Bewdley . is di lectic ord (origin nkno n) , used

W an d o f a c in orcestershire , some the djoining ounties , for ’ ’ ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ - The Ban nutts walnut an d the walnut tree . , The ’ n u are a a a . Ba n tt Tree, f irly common n mes to homeste ds ff Upper Arley is an intrusive portion o f Sta ordshire into n h a W . n ot w a S ropshire , djoining orcestershire I do kno y other ex ample in Staff ordshire . I O S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

Bar l es NW f 0 0 e u ton . . o . 1 Beor est n . , 3 m Stone 4 l/ B r n / e a vestone 1 2 and 1 . Ber laston u an d D . ; 3 c (freq ently)

Ber l eweston . The ﬁrst form gives the common A . S . p . n .

Beor nwul a Beor n ul f (br ve wolf) , sometimes written f . In A S a . a . a are va a . a l te . ch rters p n mes spelt in rious w ys As

Barl t n L a . es o rule I give the origin l form , eicestershire , in

Ber n/vestone a Ber u e one a D . is (re d fl st ) ; I h ve no doubt both a ha a n mes ve the s me me aning .

h h W W v Bar n u r s . f a 1 . t . N . o . , , 3 m ol erh mpton 4 c

B r n t/zur st B a ne/zu /z r B a n/bur a r r st Bar n u st r st . , , , . M E . ’ a a n l r ent u n st w — l a r n e l r t a d lzur B . , , , b rnt , , ood urntwood W . : Bu w nr. Lichﬁeld Ba G Exs rnt ood, rnt reen, orcester

shire . W r . f and a a B arr G e at . o a a . 1 2 . ( ) , 3 m SE ls ll c fterw rds ,

Bar re o r Ba r r . a C i al Bar r Bar a This is eltic surv v , , , me n W ‘ G . and I r f a . o o ing in , , . , the top point nything, ’ d a . a . 11. a an not summit It is common pl in Scotl nd ,

a fo r a Ba r mona uncommon in composition in Irel nd ; ex mple ,

W o f the bo B a r r a vor e W w in exford , the top g ; , in icklo ,

B r e n a a me A to . a gre t top ; , in ntrim , smooth p The n me is B a a but was the 1 c . a ar r e r re in Engl nd , there is , or in 3 , in

Ba - -B La a an d a r r e ux ta ar nsta le . nc shire , j p in Devon At

G a Ba a l a Ba B a re t rr there is hi l c lled rr e con , conspicuous ’

a . G a a . a a l for m ny miles round re t is M E . ddition , prob b y

a ll a h ving no reference to the hi , but to distinguish this m nor

a a o f Ba Ba a a from the djoining m nor Perry rr or rr P rv .

- - Bart n u n d er N eedwo od . . B er tone 1 Ba r ton o D ; 3 C .

Ba r n -under - ed ode a w u 1 337 to N w . The e rly form o ld be ‘ ’ Ber etun a a a but l er e a , me ning, origin lly, b rley town ; c me

a an a l a r ton to me n y kind of gr in . In this sense the word was applied to m anorial o r outlying farms o r homeste ads SW w . a c a where grain as stored . In the counties ri ky rd is l ‘ ’ still commonly ca led the barton . The word is not to be u w B w a has a f confo nded ith urton , hich gener lly di ferent ‘ ' n - a a va a t m ea ing. Under Needwood is medi e l ddi ion to

1 2 S TA FF ORDSHIRE PLA CE NA MES

W f L c fi . Beau deser t a an d a . . o , m nsion p rk , 4 m i h eld

l/u D es r u 1 . eaude er t 1 . e m e t mL. 6 1 3 c . B s ; 4 c B ( deed) ; c ’ — The a ea aeser t. . . a a u . B w A N F n me be utif l wild p rk here ,

an a t Ca v ncien enclosure from nnock Forest, is ery lovely ,

a an d B a Wa undul ting, ﬁnely timbered . e udesert , in rwick

a . a a d . as shire , is M . E ch nge of n me ; it is recor ed in D

D onnelie.

’ l] . f Beael a la 1 2 1 Bedn a . o . . , 4 m NE Penkridge D ; 7

m/Tul e 1 eden/zale an d a denl a le Ba l l . B B . 3 c , both frequently '

a . . . . Beaa 71 The preﬁx is cle rly the A S p n , the being the

a . . a Ira /a a a z correct gen . ddition The D termin l is l tini ed

l be ll a a n d lzea e dat. a a a form of , the of , me dow or p sture l nd , ‘ ’ if we accept th at form the interpretation would be Beda s ’ ' o f 1 2 1 B me adows . The form 7 would give us ed a s hill

. l ulle and are ( M E . ) , the other forms, which numerous , ‘ ’ ’ ' ’ would gi ve us Bed a s meadows or Beda s h all Hale) .

h 111 SW f af Bef c ote . . o . . Be ecote 1 , . , 5 St ford D f ; 3 c .

Ber scote Bescott Besscot. a a u , , This n me is prob bly uniq e ,

may a r n . a e a d I think D . here be trusted The l ter forms

u a va who a u bl nders of medi e l scribes , perh ps confo nded the

r W ac B n . a a . pl e with escot , ls ll The preﬁx represents

’ ’ e a —J Beﬂ a s a . . . B . the A S p . n f cote (cott ge) SW f . ldﬁ l . B e ar s Bush h . . o Co e d gg , , 3 m Sutton There is a l arge h awthorn here which stands on the bound ary of

a u Coldﬁeld an d Ba an d the p rishes of S tton Perry rr, of the counties of Staff ord an d Warwick ; also on the old road

L C . w o f but from ondon to hester I kno nothing its history, ‘ ’ a B a u an the n me is common . egg r is not to be fo nd in y

a an d H. . . a w as A . S . diction ry , even the E D tre ts the ord

‘ ’ ‘ ’ d Be a u a a . . o ne an s M E , , under g, of ncert in origin

B ar - w a u an . . as e es a a here s it m st be A S word , gg thorn ppe rs

8 . a a o f Co d. . twice in ch rter 97 5 , Dip 5 7 l l W mou r a and h . 2 . N . of Ru Be a . , h ll , m geley A modern m ansion erected near the site o f a house built by Herbert

s n of a on a a a 1 6 . A to (Astons Tix ll) , his m rri ge bout 39 — BEA UDES ER T BERR Y HILL 1 3

He had a a an d av the h resided much bro d, g e house t e name of Bell a mor e (Italian for goo d love because it was ﬁnished ’ v l an d a a of and by the bene o ence ssist nce his friends, prob a a w f H f o C . bly lso ith reference to his wi e ( ist . olton) The a u v origin l spelling o ght to be re erted to .

B n l . W f W e t e 2 . o a a 1 2 . P ence/lea Berl e/le it y , m ls ll . c , g ;

1 ene le n e / e . B t Be t . l eonet . l ent a 3 c y , ey . A S . , M E . , co rse, ' stiﬂ a of a - a a as gr ss , reedy or rush like ch r cter, such grows on

u a w l eonet n t . . pl nd moors . The ord is o to be found in A S

a h a as an diction ries, t ough it frequently occurs in ch rters

l a s in e t . a and O d a l t. elemen in pl n mes, exists in S xon ‘ ’ . a the In M E . cert inly , bent is commonly used to describe a a t o f t and a oa tr c coun ry unenclosed , producing m inly c rse grass or he ath . The s ame meaning probably attached to the

. . an d use . a a an A S form , to its in pl n mes, r ther th to

B was n f a Ca mere herbage . entley o e o the h ys in nnock

d f 1 6 was a an o . Forest, until the beginning the c woodl nd

and v a o f an d al w . moor, o er which ro med herds red f lo deer

‘ ’ The great o aks were felled and the deer destroyed temp . — w VI W l C . Ed . 1 6 a a a , 5 4 5 3 ( p pers in ls l Town hest) The a a a a of an d gre ter p rt of the m nor is l nd moorish tendency, ,

to a an d a . B left to itself, returns sedgy gr ss he th entley is ‘ ’ a h l a f the t t n . and a t e e o common pl . , me ns ben , or ben y ’ ’

L n H . . B a e a d . . s . gr ss ; y, E D ent

‘ The l h ed h h in Batin h o e y ig t ig g p , A tween the b rown and l eu ty ground ; The had but res ed a l l e h l e y t itt w i , ’ n d Till Parcy Reed was sl eepi ng sou . h o f arc Reed 1 6 ( The Deat P y ,

NW. in a 1 . Berr Bur Hi l l 2 . y or y , m of Stone, 3 c deed

ur i n r e a a Wul here K o f is [e l i Wufl cest . It is s id th t p , ing the a 6 an d t a was a Merci ns ( 59 resided here , h t it nciently

a r . Wul /zer ceastr e . . ceastre a o known as p (A S , c stle fortress) . l ur ir an a ur i . . . B is a M E . form of A S , enclosed pl ce

a V. Bu . surrounded by a wall or rampart of e rth . ry gt 4 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PEA CE NA MES

’ - h . W W Besc t 1 . f mun aes cote 1 . . o a a . . Br es o , , ; m ls ll D 3 C ’ er monascol r monsc t er emun des e mundescote B e Be o B co/e r , , , B

1 Ber l escote r l mndescote e r /z mund . Be o . . . . B o / 4 C , A S . p n ’ Beo rhtmund s a an a d cott ge . This is ex mple of the ten ency

la o ut a a o f 6 a of syl bles to drop . In ch rter 9 9 , not rel ting ’ B c 11 e muna a . . a a as B r e to es ot , the p ppe rs , showing how e rly contraction set in .

W - - le Be tl e 6 111 . w L . e N . o f a B y, % Ne c stle under yme D . = Ie e 1 . e 2 et/el et/ le l . eta was an g C B g (g y ) ; 1 3 C . B e g B ’

A . . . a B e . as a lea v. L S p n I re d this et s ( y) . It might be

’ a a . l et l ete s id th t the preﬁx represents A . S , better, or , beet

u l and av n v root ; but I think it extremely n ikely, h e e er met

as a can be with those words elements in pl . n mes ; nor it ‘ ’ ’ B ‘ - w our as z a e a D. a . Bet/i as etty, Eli b th is post n me

an . . a . D an d Betele e . A S n me This is the only g in , the only

Betley in Engl and . ’ i k f r W B c . a d 2 . . Bz e or 1 o , m of Penkridge D . gf ; 334 k Bi or d. Be a a and ua l a gf ckford is common n me , us l y me n s ‘ ’ A . . l ec a a a but the ford of the brook ( S , sm ll stre m) here our are Bi e Bil e P ick an d a l forms g , , prob b y represent

. . i . . n B ca . so a a the common A S p If , the origin l n me would ’ ica n or d— B a icl: a l a be B / ic s ford . B forms the preﬁx to rge

n u of . a u as B a B ll B mber pl n mes , s ch ickenh ll , ickenhi , ick ham B B c B a B &c . so a , ickley , i ton , ickm rsh , icknor, , th t its a me ning is interesting. ul h id l Bi dd . f . B o 1 . . o C . p , 3 m SE ongleton D f ; 3 c

’ ’ ia l iaul f 11 B u a o a . B o . is a a . f , f , freq ently This r re inst nce p — u a . duwul war w fﬁ . ea du Bea itho t su x A . S B l/ (correctly t wolf) . If we could trace the n ame before the Conques we

a ﬁnd eadu stun o f should prob bly it B wufl e . The tendency na a a C b ut mes is to shorten ; it incre sed fter the onquest ,

a commenced e rlier.

Bil b r k h W W . Bil r e . . N . a . oo , , 4 m of olverh mpton D l r oclz 1 i r a a . B l el r oc/z B i ll el r oc . ; 3 c , The termin l is pl inly

’ ’ . . l r oc a ilr e a n l il aer s A S , brook . B prob bly represe ts or — BES CO T BI R CHI LLS 1 5

‘ l illers a a v old a to w , n me gi en by the herb lists some ater ’ ‘ ’ a a a a wa - & pl nt, in modern di lects pplied loc lly to ter cress , c . B H. . s. . mu a . . s. B a ( E D ilders ; E P N . illers) . I n ble to

a a f il r e m ke nything else o l . SW i n h . 111 . ff elintone B ll i n t . o f a . . B . g o , , 3 St ord D The

a a m . Bil Bil/a prob bility is th t the odern form is correct , ,

- Bi llin w all . . . a . T he in B is g , ere A S p n mes g in illing ’ a a a o r a f prob bly p tronymic , me ning sons descend nts o Bil ’

a a B l . or Billa . I re d this s il ing s town

Bil st n . Bilsetnatzi n B ilsetnetun Billestune o 994 , D . ;

. illeston B on 1 e B iles e. il Bil C. Bil stun t B la an d a 3 , , , , m ny

A . s tna a l w . ce n mes commencing ere S is the gen . pl . of W ‘ see/an a a a . e a , settler, inh bit nt h ve therefore here the ’ ’

. a saztna town of Bil s folk In A . S . ch rters frequently appears ‘ as a t of a . n . a a of p r pl , when it re lly me ns the people the l a . I pl ce t quickly fe l into disuse .

h h NW W B hel Bir c i l ls . 1 . . a a . 1 6 . ir c eses , , m of ls ll c ,

B r c lles Bur chell es R ou h B r chells cover ed with a wood y hy , , g y ,

- r chells Birchill has . By . s no connexion with birch trees

ir e . l r ce The preﬁx l h represents an A . S y ( pronounced

r he . a l r uche and a l ec . ) , which in M E p ssed into , l ter into

a Newl r eche ir ch. old a s l In deeds we ﬁnd ﬁeld n mes , such ,

a Newl r uche an d Newl i r ch Br uchehull p ssing into , then ;

Bir hill f r . . w becomes c . The shifting o the in M E is ell

all clu known to etymologists . Time softens things , in ding ’ ’ a a — r was hr id l r zd dr it and l ngu ge thus ou third t , bird , dirt ,

r e he a o f l r eche l r uche and l c becomes birch . The me ning , , ‘ ’ w l ir eh is newly enclosed o r broken up ground . The ord and wa and is only found on the frontiers of old forests stes, ’ v La a a and o ur R is equi alent to the nc shire q , idding,

S tubbock G Old a i Old a &c. Stockings , reen , F ll ngs , F lls, ,

all a a e a a a w . loc l n m s , me ning cle ring in the ilderness

n L Bir ch n r. B w Br each Harvington Bir ch a d ong , re ood ,

H he Br each Ha the Br each n r. a t Mill , gley , , in lesowen , ,

h n the Br a/ch nr. nv and the n r. B ll r u t e b o g o , , E ille, 1 6 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

r atcher t Ca are a . B , in Nor on nes , ex mples of the word

Birchills a an d was a st nds high , nciently within the bounds

a n n to . of Cannock Forest . The djoi i g district the E is still ’ c alled The Forest . ‘ Bi sh s Ome v . Oﬂle B . op y, y ( ishops) W R t n N . f . . is es o e 1 h. 2 111. o B Bish t n . o , , ugeley D p 3 c

’ ’ e on l isco - B Bisso estun Bzsso st . . . . p , p A S p (pr bishop) ishop s

w T n W er e r e was a . o e th o n to n ( ) . must not f co clude it the

f s c an a o a a Bis o a a . . at residence bishop , p bec me p n e rly

h a v a o . a peri d In t is c se , howe er, the n me is prob bly con nected o f Lichﬁeld with the bishops , who were , in remote a a a w and had a at times , l rge loc l l ndo ners, residence

Bishton . W n a N . Bl a k Hal v es a t a t 111 . c , ncien f rm in Essing on , 4 of

Haa e H ve r Ha w Wa a . Halve v a a e a ls ll , , , di lectic forms of ,

a ua the a an d pplied eq lly to berries of the h wthorn , to the tree H w En a . Diet. s. a . itself ( g . Di l ) The right form would pro

l h o bably be B o c ha ues bl ack thorns . W w Bl a k L i s an a a 2 111 . f B ad e . o . c , ncient f rm re ood 1 32 7 D e N zgr is Monialil us (the Black Nuns) ; since Bl a ck

La dies. now a was The house , much ltered , formerly

a B n 1 c . enedictine unnery , founded in or prior to the 3 , V H . B a and suppressed temp . enry III They were called l ck

La a a an d as dies bec use they dressed in bl ck , distinguished

C a f W La u W o 2 . from the isterci n nuns hite dies, m . f rther ,

who dressed in white .

W. o f Ca n 1 Bl ack L ees an a t a . S . , ncien f rm 3 m n ock . 3 c h h h l e Bla ele 1 . Bla e es Bl ac le s. . . l lwc . . l lac ; 5 c ly , y A S , M E ,

l ahe n ld l l c l l a a . a a o , , d rk , bl ck The f rm is enclosure from La v w and a was Cannock Forest . nd co ered ith gorse he th

a a a a as va loc lly c lled bl ck l nd , distinguished from culti ted B V. a . l and . l ke Street

l w W n . 1 2 6 Blake/ow 1 2 66 B ak el o 2 . . , m of Sto e 3 ;

l ahel — - B a L and B owe a low a . V. the bl ck (buri l mound) l ck ees ,

Low. — BIS HOPS OFFLE Y BLI THE 1 7

Bl ak e S tr eet a an a a , the n me of ncient ro d forming a portion of the boundary between the p arishes of Shenstone

and Co ldﬁeld an d o f aff and Sutton , the counties St ord W h a . 1 . Bl a estr et an d o al Blahele Blahe rwick 3 c ; the l c ity ,

‘ ’ e e u a i l y . It is often s pposed th t street ind cates a Rom an

l v a but o a . a t r ro d , it is on y e idence f ntiquity In A . S . ch r e s , highways which have no preten sion to Rom an origin are ‘ ’ u as The u a freq ently termed str t (street) . co ntry round Blake Street was heath ground until the middle of the last ’ u Bl ahe a and a Bla cent ry . bl ck , the me ning is ck Street ’ B a L a a a l B a l ck ees) . An ncient ro d c l ed l ke Street , once

a o of a L and C a v porti n the gre t ondon hester ro d , now di erted ,

Ca C a w B l formerly extended over nnock h se , bet een rownhi ls

and H and a a a ednesford , formed (its line still forms) m nori l

un ai a 1 0 0 l ahe tr eete bo d y. In the ye r 3 it is written B s ; in ’ B a w l 1 . as a l w a 59 5 l ck street It ild l nd .

l k l l h . 1 . f W v l k n l B a enh a . o a . B a e a l , , m S ol erh mpton ,

W - h . 2 a l r C n . . a . Bl ak e h al l n . o , m N of ls l n , hristchurch f B k B a a . la enall C . . C Needwood . l kenh ll, 5 ; m SE of rewe ; , n r L B a a Suﬂol a l . utterworth l kenh m in k. The e r iest

r n d a h nh l u a a e 1 a 1 Bl a e . forms I h ve 3 4 c . e (numero s) The

en a a . a an d v Blac was an is cle rly gen ddition , possessi e .

d a mwe . . n an we u n a A S p . . , if co ld meet with e rly for

lac-eu- l — B The a should ﬁnd it B ha e the h all of lac. e rly

h h W a . . ad c . e A S no , performing its functions h ve few

‘ ’ a o f B a a a a - l English f milies l ck, bec use d rk comp exioned man was frequently termed Br du ( brown) ; hence our a B but a Bl ac Bl aca Blcecca and m ny rowns ; the p . n mes , , , Bl acman are frequently met with in ch arters ; an d then the

h . n . l la c Bla e in . p . , like ( colour), becomes M E hence our

a u Bla B a a &c . f irly n merous kes, l kem n ,

h f R . 1 2 . Blithel ur h Bli th b ur . . . o y , , 3 m NE ugeley c g ,

lith ur e ua o n v B o n B l i . Is sit te the ri er lithe the burgh the

B v B an d B . lithe ( . lithe ury) h l h v afﬂ t of a wa Bli t e or B yt e, ri er, uen Trent, is l ys C 1 8 S TAFF ORDS HIRE PEA CE NA MES

its t th a a re re found in presen form , the being occ sion lly p i d. t . . l l /he w a sented by I think it mus be A S , hich me nt,

a a to a e origin lly, mild , gentle , but c me me n m rry, brisk , alluding to the motion of the water in so me pa rt o f its

. a of our v na are a and v course M ny ri er mes poetic l , con ey

r are v B the sense of sound o motion . There two ri ers lyth B a in Northumberland ; a lyth in N . Notts ; nother in

- N W n . ff a B . a a d a E . Su olk ; lithe in rwickshire ; m ny pl n ames commencing Blithe or Byl th from their situation on or near these rivers . W B th ﬂ l 2 111 . S . B de l i e d . . Bli uelt. , of Abbots romley D ’

. a a a a a . . th D uses medi l to represent medi l A S , though it

th as an a 7) an . . uses initi l letter ; the represents A S f , so

ithe lt. a that we must re ad the D . form as Bl f e This me ns the

ﬁeld on the Blithe Field) . W Bl r e . N . A . . Bl or a a t a o , 4 m of shbourne D ; f erw rds

Bl or a an d Bl or e The a a n . termin l is commo ly used in

L. t an O . . e to v a documen s for E , in order gi e the n me a l atini z ed soun d ; we may assume Blor e to be the correct

. The Rev Rector . of B form . john Young , lore , writes ‘ B a a - deﬁned v lore , physic lly , is well rising from the ri er a f l a a and i e v M ni o d , is p rtly circumscribed by th t river, r s s ery

a a a n a m rkedly from its m rgin with orth spect , much exposed ’ " a ua l law a o is to the winds from th t q rter . A . S . :( ) our ‘ ’ ‘ ’ n d l la er e r A v a w u . O . erb to blow is one who blows . S

a are a diction ries yet imperfect . There must h ve been, before

' a l lawer e or l lar e a a as D word like , signifying bl st of wind ,

t ur a a Blor e a a l f o . o it still exis s in l ngu ge , though inc p b e

a a a a a a a a w etymologic l expl n tion , me ns bl st , ro ring ind ;

H. . an d C t. E . D entury Dic

‘ Li k e rude an d ragi ng wa ves roused with the ferven t l l or e ’ ’ f a s h n — ha man I l ad ii 1 2 2 2 O th eas nd o ds. C . t ut wi p , i , .

’

B as a n . but . a C lore, pl . , is , I think , unique , D records heshire

a Bl ar at av a m nor , , which I h e not been ble to identify. There ’

a a h . B . . a t a t an d is lso , loore , 3 m E of M rke Dr y on ;

2 0 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

as n ow an d was direct from the ore , not , , from the pig,

‘ ’ a a i . e w o r ch rco l iron , . smelted ith wood . A bloomery ‘ ’ bloom smithy was a forge or furnace where these blooms w a an d as va a of o w ere m de ; st qu ntities wo d ere consumed , l w ‘ ’ ‘ ld ol . an d O these works f owed the oods Forge Pool , ’ W B h t S . a h a 2 . as Forge, % m of lymhill , s ow th t this been

- r a some time an iron working locality . The o e would prob bly

a f ro mt f a a be obt ined he neighbourhood o Oakeng tes . I re d

‘ ’ B a the hill f lymhill as me ning o the bloomery . There is no ’ w an . . a but ord in y A S diction ry for bloomery, there must

' h ave been such a word to describe a pl ace where Bl ame s ‘ ’ ‘ w a T he w B and B (blooms) ere m de. ords loomery loom

- are . . u i T he Smithy found in M E in iron prod cin g d stricts . ‘ ’ B a v H . s. : a a . E D . loom , s ys No ex mples of the word h e ’

u . an d 6 . been fo nd between 0 E . times the end of the 1 c This is probably to be accounted for by the fact th at iron making was conﬁned to very few loc alities where the o re

a or was a at a . V. Austrells cropped to the surf ce ne r h nd ,

nehill Smes w Bo , to .

W . N . f n n B b b i t . o . B ul i to e 1 2 c . o n g on , 3 m Enville D ;

el intun e. B el l a B ul l a was an . . . . The a B , A S p n origin l

’ Be l a ntun n —B u sa l . obba s form wo ld be , y, ( being the gen )

T he . an l a i n an d town . gen frequent y p sses into g , is then

a l mistaken fo r a p tronymic form . In the Midd e Ages the

a at county assiz es were occasion lly held Bobbington . It how would be interesting to know the judges, jurors, witnesses ,

& a a . c . , were ccommod ted W w h . . a . 1 S and 1 . B on eh ill . 2 , , m of T m orth 3 4 c

Bell enhull a . t , repe tedly This, I hink , is the correct form ,

and a u so an d . S . a a , ss ming it to be , to be A , we must tr nsl te

‘ ’ . a l et/a v it the hill o f the Boll . In A . S diction ries is gi en as ’ W a o had a . e a of b wl , but it other me nings spe k nowm the a o f a . Or l oll a bole (trunk) of tree , bole of cotton y be

a o f w w Bo some di lectic word the origin hich is unkno n . le ’ in and a a w a hill , Derbyshire the North, signiﬁes pl ce here le d — BOBBIN GTON B ONEHI LL 2 I and t a was a ( doubtless o her met ls) nciently smelted . These

l w are o f a bo es , hich identiﬁed by the piles sl g left by the a are u a n ncient smelters , s pposed to h ve bee built by simply

la a a a an d in a w p cing stones round centr l ﬁre , situ tions here

u a a a ﬁ a there wo ld be likely to be good dr ft , since no rti ci l ’ wa u a s C . a H. . an d bl st used ( ent ry Dict lso E D . Eng. ‘ a B l ‘ . . C Di l Dict , under o e lose to the spot there was a l ele w is a a la a t . by hich me nt p ce where , in ncient imes , ’ s a A h l i vii rc aeo o a . 1 0 miners u ed to smelt their le d ores ( g , 7 , There is no lead ore within thirty miles of

Bonehill but a a o f u , bund nce ironstone close to . I s bmit

‘ ’ th at Bon ehill has the same meaning as Austrells an d ’ ‘ n a Blymhill (q. a d me ns the hill of the bole (or When the Spaniards arrived in Peru they found the natives smelti ng the silver ores in furnaces built on eminences where the air was freest ; they were perforated on all sides with u air was v w holes, thro gh which the dri en in when the ind

l w was w a b e , which the only time the ork could be c rried on , an d under e ach hole was m ade a projection on which was l aid burning coals (wood) to heat the air before it entered ’ f a v the furnace (Scrivener s History o the Iron Tr de) . S en H T u a 1 8 8 a : v edin ( hro gh Asi , 9 ) s ys Fi e miles south of the village (in Chinese Mongolia) there is an iron -mine known

k- a a a of a or as Ko b inak . The ore occurs in str t loose e rth

- a and du out and a l hiz ar to . cl y, is g c rried to g y be smelted Both the appliances and the process o f extraction are of the most primitive description ; the furnace being only about six

e wi a . u f et high , th three feet interior di meter It is ho sed in

- a a little but built of planks and sun dried c l y . After the

a a a are furn ace is half ﬁlled with ch rco l , the ferruginous e rths

v a a to of thrown in , till they co er the ch rco l the depth six or

The an d a a z eight inches . fuel is then lighted , h lf do en men squat o n their h aunches in front of as m any holes m ade

u a an d w a near the bottom of the f rn ce, blow into it ith go t

w to t au t. skin bello s , in order in ensify the dr gh They keep 2 2 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

at at n a all da t a up th e rly y long, from time to ime ex mining , by means of an iron rod inserted through a hole in the side f o a s . a the furn ce , how the melting is progressing Tow rds evening the molten met al comes running out at the bottom v a of the furnace . After e ery burning the furn ce of course av a and a a out so t a requires to h e the sl g shes r ked , h t it

a may be cle an and re dy for a fresh batch o f ore . One ’ ’ a chareck w are entire d y s smelting yields 5 , hich sold in

- h 8 d. n r k Yanghi hissar for 30 tengeh (6s. ) O e c a ec is equal to 1 2 jing ; and 1 jing equals xl Russian pounds or

- n av . o f a uz baslri Q pou ds oir The owner the furn ce, the y i u o r v a a of I hiz - ar (ch ef of one h ndred men) ill ge chieft in g y ,

a a a m n ges the business himself, person lly superintending the

and a a of v w at smelting, p ying e ch his se en orkpeople the rate of only six da- tien a day ; the da- tien being a Chinese ’ a bron z e coin equal to less than h alf a f rthing in value . Our

Operations were o n ce equ ally primitive . B sses Th e a t a t of - a a con o ( ) , r c low lying sw mpy l nd,

a a 2 0 0 a a . was t ining bout cres , in Shenstone p rish It formerly

a a now a . R a Icknield mor ss, but is mostly dr ined The om n

a a o o a Ra and Street p sses over p rti n of it c lled dley Moor , is

a t a av a a u bo . there h rd to r ce , h ing pp rently s nk into the g

l - i n l esce sue ae Bosha a Bosh ha . 1 2 c . y (re d y ) This is prob a ably a M . E . n me (none of its forms being found in A . S . )

l esche L l escus w . w . l esc . a O. borro ed from F , , , ood It a a as l ush l ush l ash l esch an d l osshes a ppe rs , , , , me ning

‘ ’ u o r a a . a ha b shy wooded l nd , thicket The termin l y , in the

has OH Ha . form quoted , dropped y)

ost L an e a of R a and a B y , in the p rishes ush ll Aldridge , p rt

an a a a Wa an d L of ncient c ttle ro d between North les ondon , a a Bel/st le Bolestil e a a t kes its n me from y , , loc lity frequently mentioned in the perambulations of Cannock Forest an d ’ ‘ r a t Sutton Chase as a mere o bound ry be ween them . It

Bol tst le a as and a a ( y ) is lso mentioned , still is , bound ry between Aldridge an d Gre at Barr . The spot is close to — B OS S ES ( THE ) BRA NCO T 2 3

' ’

H 111 . W . a a a ill End , 3 NE of ls ll nd on the northern ridge of B a l ’ . a to . . l ol a l ott a arr be con hil I t ke it be A S , , house , ’ and stz z a a a wa g (g y ) , p th , ro d the y to the house . It is n ot a ma = t stz el impossible th t s yle y represent A . S . g (g y ) ‘ ’ ‘ . . s le a a o f a B lt t l . o s M E ty , pl ce crossing, stile The y e was a an a a w situ te in ngle formed by cross ro ds, both of hich are a t fa and v to av ncien thorough res , ne er likely h e been foot

a now o r an t a p ths only . There is no house on the spot , y r ce

of o ne H ha an a a ; but ill End , rd by, is ncient h mlet.

‘ B urn e V al e ri . 1 2 8 6 a nd thence as ar as l e o , Ald dge f

Bolestile an d thence to the water called La Bour ne descendin , , g La Bour ne to the hzgh r ead near the par k of D r ay ton A stream rises in Bourne Vale an d falls into

a a az f T me , ne r F eley. From its source to its mouth it ormed p art of the bound ary between Cannock Forest and Sutton

C a . . . l ur n . . l our ne a a . t h se A S , M E , stre m The Sou h

aff Wa av now a B St ordshire terworks h e dr ined ourne Pool ,

and the stream runs n o more .

W B n Br adel . S f . . 1 Br adl e h . 1 . o . y , , m ilsto D qy ; 3 c ‘ — Br o del e 1 . Br adel e. . . l r ad d ea a ; 4 c ey A S ( ) , bro d the

a l a e . Le . v a bro d e ( y) . D records o er sixty m nors com mencing Br ade

W f aff . Br adeleia w r N . o . B adl ey , 4 m . St ord D ( here the meaning is beyond question it is useless to multiply ’ B B n r . Th a lea . a . forms) e bro d V. r dley, ilston

Br ansel/e 1 2 . W . . r a sh l l 2 111 . . B m a , of Uttoxeter D c

Br umeshel 1 Br enzshol Br emsul Z The are no t ; 3 c . j; / forms

a but ta a e sy to reconcile ; , king them ltogether, I think they ’ B r umesc se sh B m point to an original A . S . form ylf ( ) , ru s

l e a . a f. . s shel A . S qyf , shelf, in pl n mes is sometimes applied to shelving land ; but generally to table- land shelving ‘ ’ our u Shelﬁeld o n all or most sides ; hence numero s , ﬁ l as She hull shelfhill . V. Shel e d. generally found in M . E . l/ , m ff . Br e f a . 1 E. . S o Br an c ot h . a , , in Tix ll , 4 m St ord 4 c

’ ‘ m-cet - e a the cete . . l r e , frequently . A S , broom cot , lit r lly 2 4‘ S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

’ a H a was a a cottage on the heath . Tix ll e th formerly gre t

‘ a a Ca C a an d Brancot G w ste djoining nnock h se , orse still survives .

SW B - n - 1 r entisten Br an st n 2 . . o t. B o , m of urton Tren 7 7 ;

8 Br an /estun Br a n /es t ne . Br an/estone 1 2 . B r an/es 9 7 , u ; D ; c d v A S . Br an tone . . 11 . These forms gi e us , I think , the p . ’ B r an d stewn To n) ; d an d t frequently interch ange . I

w Br a nt as an n and a n ot . . h ve met ith A . S p . , if found ,

an a an d a w a re re unless in e rly pure ch rter , it ould prob bly p

Br an d was a a sent , which common n me .

B r atc h es Th e Ca 2 111. . of Ca . ( ) , in Norton nes , SE nnock An ‘ a o n Ca C a . tax 1 R al h ncient enclosure nnock h se Poll 379 , p ’ ’ m Bir hi ir a n lls . i n the B ches. This e ns the ew enclosure c ) h Bratches are Bratc a . The , The common ﬁeld n mes ’

n h . R . 1 Brer eaen 1 B r er et 1 . . . o , , m SE of ugeley 3 c ; 4 c .

B e eden . . . l r ér . l r er e a r r . , frequently A S , M E , brier , br mble ,

dun — and . dun . . 0 . a A S . , M E , down ( Don , hill) the briery B not u a hill . rere is conﬁned to briers, but incl des br mbles an d thorns a thicket .

l l L h . K t el l Br ette an e . Br et 2 . , , , in ingswinford , m NE

o f r . 1 6 1 Br ettell . a and Stourb idge 4 The form is l te, only

but a n a . . one ; I think it represents pure p . . , prob bly A S

i telm Brettells are a w - n a Br h . The ell k own f mily in the

a and av t l for loc lity , h e been se t ed there centuries .

Br d u B e Br ew d . . ee e e 1 2 . r owude Br ewude oo D ( ) ; c , ; B B ewede . r e o n e o f 1 . r C 3 c , frequently is the few eltic W ‘ v . a a preﬁxes which sur ive In . it me ns hill or rising W W l Br eiddon H 6 . N . a ground ill , § m of e shpool, prob bly

an a . . l r i Br i being ex mple In I the form is (bree) exs .

ewn . C the of Br ee a o f g , co ork, hill the smith ; , the n me

a a a a a and W B r a sever l pl ces in Doneg l , Mon gh n , exford ; y ,

W d Br He d K c w an a a . G . a in i klo , y , in erry In it t kes the

e r - B f of hr a l r a h a o r . r aenzar orm , , ay, hill hill side exs , the

Br aes o A n g us B r ae Br a head &c a f , , y , . The termin l is ’ ’ . wudu wuae weoe a w . na A . S , M . E . , , ood A me composed BRA NS TON BR OCTON 2 5

o f two a a a but not a B r edon l ngu ges is exception l, r re . , in W . . Br eedune an a and a orcestershire (A S ) , is ex mple, me ns

or Br eden -on- the- hill L hill hill , hill down , in eicestershire , i a s a a . r l . B e B il O . r prob bly nother ex mple , in xon . (A S hull a W ma . e a B ) , is nother y s fely conclude th at rewood ‘ ’ ‘ B ’ means hill wood . rewood Forest existed to the time of K aff it ing john , who dis orested .

Bri d f r d h . NW aff g o , , in Seighford , 3§ m . . of St ord .

B z e d B u e . r er 1 . r er d. A . l c r c r l i . . D gf ; 3 c gg f . S y g , g , M E d — l r u e a an d . or a . v B . gg , bridge , A . S f , ford (q . ) ridge ford

h . Bri r l e . f . 1 e . o . y , , in Sedgley , 3 m NE Dudley 4 c

B er l Br er ele . . r er . . l er r . l r e a a gy, y A S , M E , me ns brier ,

b a . l had a thorn , r mble The word former y more extended

a n ow a an d u u an d ou sense th n it c rries , incl ded scr b r gh ’ B a rall ‘ lea a u underwood . rierley me ns lite y the rough (p st re) ,

Le r n r v . B ier a d l r e e a y. enter l rgely into the composition

f . o pl names .

f hiff n al 6 . S . . Bri n et on h . B . o , , in lymhill, m NE D

B n w was n i en 1 B uneten . r u Br u t e . r ; 3 c , frequently , bro n , ’

B t . a . . common A . S . p n This is rown s own W Br i n sf or d an a a . . o f o v a . , ncient est te 4 m N l erh mpton

' Br ene er d B r a n or d 1 2 2 Br un er d 1 0 0 Br unes 994 y , sf 7 ef ; 3 ’ / Br an — B o or d 1 8 1 Br i ne er d. . . . . f ; 3 g y A S p n , brown r wn s

ford .

B r ussen hulle f 1 . h . . . Br i stn al l 2 . o , , m E Smethwick 3 C ,

v Br usen an of l ur sten an d se eral times . is obsolete form ‘ ’ f l ur st an d a o l r ussen . . o , me ns burst, br ken ; is the p p

h r st u all f A . . l r ust an d a . M . E form of y , to b rst ; rom S ‘ ' l san r i a . f of . a g l st is also M . E orm the word E rth ’ - breach an d broken hill are sometimes mentioned in A . S .

T a l an tlsli s o r . charters . hey prob bly refer to p subsidences ’

s. Bu . a . c . s. For authorities H. E . D . rsten , Eng Di l Di t

’ ’ ’ B u . Bristn all a B Stratmann s . . . s. rust, M E Dict r st me ns

’ ’ burst or broken hill . B aff . . r ec Br ct on h . Ba w . . o , , in s ich, 4 m SE of St ord D 2 6 S TA FFOR DS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

’ ' — tone. . . l r ec e a . A S ( brook brook town ( i) . Ton) a a a This is common n me sometimes , under di lectic influence ,

r oc p assing into Broughton . A . S . l ( e unaccented) means a a an d Ba b dger , some etymologists would construe this dger

u a f town ; b t our A . S . foref thers thought far more o brooks H h th an badgers . ere a brook runs through t e middle of

v . . no a an d are a the ill D uses ccents, they frequently l cking

a in A . S . ch rters .

r t n tat n r a 1 3 B ne m . ecte B c . r o o , es e , Ecclesh ll ( , . D .

B B t B w v a n a . a t o rook town ; roc on , in s ich . The ill is si u te the Sow . m Br c t n G r an e a . o f t o o g , f r , 4§ m . SE Newpor ( in B i ff a . r Ha . ee/one B B Sher les p rish) D . rook town ; rocton,

Ba . a a in swich A stre m p sses through it .

Br un l 1 0 0 Br mlea Br emle e . Br o e A b b ts . o m y ( o ) 4 g , g ; D e B l a ti - mle a el/es l e 1 0 . r end Al s Al l ettes Br e B g ; 4 a , y , g

' - m Br ml l l ottes Br e le r . r e a s A l . l om l oem ey y A . S . , M . E ,

m a L. en a n . l ea l r o ist a d h . , broom (the pl nt, g ) , A S . , gen — l e e l e l e te & . a . . c lea. a g , M E y , ey , . the broomy This m nor was v n Wulf ric a a 1 0 0 gi e by Spott , E rl of Merci , in 4, to the ’

f B . H A n f Abbey o urton ence bbots . O the dissolution o a H V a w t ma the mon steries enry III gr nted it, ith o her nors , Wm a f B . a o a a to Sir P get, ncestor the P gets of e udesert ; hence Br on: enters very largely into the com

f a position o pl . n mes .

h B melie r ml e G errar ds a . . r a B . o y ( ) , , in Ecclesh ll D ;

B mle - in - l B A r ho s. B e . o b . 1 5 c . y y For romley romley ( b ots) ’ ‘ G a a G a w a err rds, bec use the err rds ere its e rly lords for

a I n ho s a a the a m any gener tions . ly (h les) me ns in me dows ;

Ha . u. les W N o f Lichﬁeld. 2 Br em Br oml ey 6 m . . 94 K ’ B melei B . le e B r enz le . r e . V. g , ; D romley (Abbots) ing s D a s a at o f . bec u e the m nor belonged to the king the time , n w is i n aff a d after ards . A pretty story told the St ordshire

Plea Rolls fo r 1 2 9 2 in a suit as to eleven acres o f land here .

2 8 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PLA CE NA MES

hot holh a w w a a to . . t h le ma I ssume be A S , , hollo ; hils y ‘ ’ ‘ ’ - Ha me an hall or meadow land ( u. le) ; so that whether ’ ’ ’ a B a l a l o r a this should be re d uc s hol ow , or h l , me dow ’ a are . l nd , must be doubtful until better forms found SW Li hﬁ h . 2 . c eld 1 d ed Bur n w . . 6 Br en e t od . w o , , m of C ,

B r en dewoede B r a ndwoed. . . l r a nd l r ent l r en d u , M E , , , b rnt

Bumtwoo d B a Ha . urntwood is in the p rish of mmerwich ,

1 2 6 2 formerly in Cannock Forest. In a Forest jury ﬁnd

a r a a was t v Ha ce t in he th burn by the ills of mmerwich , to ’ ’ the injury of the Kings game ; and Bishop Norbury s

‘ R 1 2 2 — 8 s Le Ca a set on egister ( 3 5 ) record , nk ch se ﬁre ; belongs to the See ; the unknown o ff enders are to be ’ a ha w the a b ann ed . This l tter ﬁre must ve been ithin m nors o f Ca R w an d nnock or ugeley, hich belonged to the bishop ,

w The r ll c annot refer to Burnt ood . ﬁres o n the Chase a e sti an d u v a and ea serious , destr cti e to its timber , g me , b uty . ’ B r linz . B r Bur sl e . . a car acs 1 u war des me Bor e m D ; 3 C ly , r e e at au wa d slym. D . is f lt here ; but the later forms are

- — a an d . . Bur hwear des hlinzme B cle r , give us (in A S ) urh ’ L weard s a . a a v stre m In the loc lity is ri er yme (q . a T a tribut ry of rent . To illustr te the chequered career of

a a Bu l Burwardesle C pl . n mes comp re rs em , y in heshire, an d B a Bu we a a Bur roseley in S lop . rslem h ve tr ced ; — ‘ ’ ’ wardesley is substantially wh at it was Burhweard s lea ; an d Broseley is all that rem ains of the same origin al

h f Bu r st 111 . . 1 2 Bu weste . o . r n 1 . on , , 4 SE Stone c . ; 3 c

Bur cesten Bur e eston Bur eweston 1 . Bur esten Bur we , g , ; 4 C ,

sten l . . a aff a Bur oue , frequent y D records St ordshire m nor , stone as Offlo w B Pirehill , in hundred , urston being in . The has n t a o an d aff . . D . m nor been identiﬁed , Eyton (St s D ) treats it as obso lete but I suspect it is a mistake to place

Offl ow and a B it in , th t it represents urston . There is no

a Off low w m existing pl ce in to hich the D . for could possibly

a . . pply The forms appear to represent an original A S . — B URN TWOOD B US TLEHOLME MILL 2 9

’ Bu stanestun Bur t r s an s . u g , g town The g here wo ld become w an d and ten o r [i n w a ut , then drop out , the ould f ll o

o r o ff .

B n h. Ca tl hur h 2 f aff urt s ec c . o . . Bur o , , in , m . S St ord D ‘ ’ tone an d a a a e a , fterw rds the s m form , cle rly the burgh town v B are a a w w ( . ury) There ncient e rth orks here hich probably f account or the n ame .

B r t -on -T r e t 1 0 0 B r ten 1 0 6 6 B r tune B r u on n . 4 y y , y z n hton Bu er ton t i e B ur . B e 1 2 . B ur hten , if this rton) D C ,

B n u n er ton 1 . he B ; 3 c y r te po Tr en t. T fo rms are not s atisfactory ; it is curious to ﬁnd By r ten an d By r tun e in h B r as a . S . n . . a . a d A S ch rters y no me ning in A , I think

h r l ur u e dat. a l l r z . it must represent form of , gen . g , y g

B ur hten t a I incline to think the correc form , me ning , as a an a commonly ssumed, enclosed or fortiﬁed pl ce Bu ( v. ry) .

’ 1 W c B h 2 . v a zs e s ur . u s b y , 5 m N of ol erh mpton . 994 B pe l ry ;

. Bisce esl er ie 1 2 an d 1 Bisse esl ir i Bisco esl ir i D p ; 3 c. p , p ,

Bishl i r i Bischl ur Bisse el ur i . l a a on an , y , p The vi l ge st nds

l a . l isco se sh . eminence . The root is c e rly A S . p ( ) , bishop There is no e vidence of a bishop h aving resided or held B an d Bisco was a . n . as . property here , p p , ishop is now ‘ ’ ’ t l i zshl ir i a The natives s i l pronounce t B . The me ning is ’ B a B but Bisho ishop s bury ( . ury) ; whether p represents d a l a a r . . igniﬁed ecclesi stic o a p n . we c nnot te l

W l a l a c l Bu stl eh ol me Mi l l . . a . , 3 m S of s l An n ient mi l

o n a an . a a the T me , formerly ironwork I h ve no e rly forms , helm a . . an d accept the modern one . The termin l is A S ,

a a a . a river isl nd , or me dow In the midl nds the word is generally found in connexion with river- side l and liable to

d an l a i . c an ﬂoo , but here there is is nd in the r ver Nothing d a C u v a a of l ustl . S . an be m de in A , I suggest it is eltic s r iv l , W h a . o f which there are several ex amples in t e loc lity In . ’ as all an d l ustl ddai ar l ustl means something bitter, g , y is ‘ ’ i centa ur eunz C a the common cent aury ( Chir en a ) . ent ury 30 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

’ seems to incl ude what are popul arly known as bachelors

a a and a w buttons , st r thistle, bl wort, loggerhe ds, hich ﬂourish

n o wet l a nd . W l C a . S . of aff . 1 2 . Bu tter h il h . , , in oppenh ll , 3 m St ord c

B r h l . B Buter hale 1 . Bul er a les ute hale Butr e a e ; 3 c , , For utter ’ h le u B . H a and a as . utterton ill is cle rly wrong, I construe - H — a n Bu a o f heall a an v. a form , me dow l d ( le) me ni g tter a a me dow or me dows .

h f L Bu tter n h . . B ttert 6 . . o . t u on , . , m E eek o , , 3 m

a - -L av fﬁ S . of Newc stle under yme . I h e di culty in distinguish

Butterton s an d a ing these two in the forms , therefore t ke them

n 1 2 0 0 B uter . 1 2 . Beter tun B uter ten B uter do together c , , ;

-d ut r den on B eter den 1 2 0 1 B uter don 1 2 2 Butter den . B e , ; ; 3 ,

«B uter den r n a 1 Botr edon 1 . utte to . 3 c . ; 4 c B The termin ls are o an d f u sa we a c nﬂicting, it is di ﬁc lt to y if should re d

dh u a a . or tan a . . them , hill , , town The preﬁx is cle rly A S

«l er af ut e l uter e l ater hutr e . , M . E . , , , butter I think it s er to

a B wn a ti n o r w construe the n me utter to ( , enclosure , here ’ w w and a a Bu as co s ere kept butter m de) th n tter hill , being ‘ ’ are v Butterwicks a more likely . There se en in Engl nd , w a Bu hich , without investig tion , I should construe tter

’ ‘ ’ village ; an d we have a Butterworth ( Butter farm) and ‘ ’ v Bu t r L e le n r. C a t s. C se er l y hiswick, ondon , is heese ’ v a C a in a C a . Our ill ge hesw rdine , S lop , is heese f rm

h n a A . S . forefathers ad their hearts in their homes a d f rms .

h l n . 111 el dun Ca d 8 . . a . 1 0 0 C . o , , NE of Che dle 4 f D

ld ne — l a A . e e . . v a a . e C The A S . form gi es us pl in key S — cea a al and ddn l Cal . % c f, , hi l f hill W H h Ha . f . Cal f eat . o Ca n , in therton , 3 m n ock 994

l hei a h Ca r e e C v . as e as f , l es hedge It since b en known ’ ‘ Ca H a a va a o f G a lf e th , being formerly st moor, p rt iley

Ha o ne o f a or a w of Can ‘ y, the h ys , b ili icks, the Forest of

a 1 8 0 . nock , enclosed bout 3 W B - C n S . n al l i w h a . ood . t t o g , , in T enhill , 4 m of ur on — BU TTERHILL CA NNOCK 31

t. 1 . Cal n ewede Chalen wede Tren 3 c y g , g ; sometimes in

L B ma um . escu c l n ia tu m a a w al deeds p , me ning ood ch lenged

or 1 6 . Challen eweed. T O. . chalen e in dispute ; c g his is F g , c len a e . a a . g , M E . to ch llenge , cl im Some ‘ ’ times the word Thr eap is used to describe debatable l and

. . thr ea i an a a a W (A S p , to ssert , contest) ; Thre pl nd, in . a n a W C a d C are a . umberl nd, Thre pwood, in . heshire , ex mples Callingwood was within the bounds of the Forest of Need wood . The ﬁrst record o f the name I have met with is

1 2 8 0 so t a u of w w a a in , h t the disp te, hich I kno no p rticul rs,

a a a l a Co n must h ve risen before then , but prob b y fter the

a of quest , bec use the French root .

H 1 f Bli hﬁ ull ld. . aluh Kalew Cal l w il l 1 . . o t e 1 o , 5 m N 3 c C ,

hull 1 . Kal u hulle n ca u a d . . l a 4 c g A . S . M E , b ld , — a . h ll . hull the a o r a l . b re ; A . S y , M E . , hill b ld , b re , hi l

Ca w H a a an d we av Ca l w a a llo ill is common n me , h e l o , p rish SW W f H a . . 2 111 . . of irksworth ; nother 4 m S o ereford ;

W W f un d d and Ca w . e a o ﬂe e llo , in orcestershire spe k g ’

an d of a as a w. birds , be rdless youths , c llo

Can k Th rn on Ca C a H n o , nnock h se beside untingdo belt ,

a o f a o f Ba m rks the bounds the m nors Teddesley, swich ,

- - n 1 . [ au hnzar ether n Ha a d Cannock . 3 c V g ugh mere thorn) ;

h n e ann h a n 1 Conc Thor C ec Theme. 5 95 , The ncient thor

a an d o ne a a was a dec yed , the present , bl ckthorn , pl nted

are on its site in the early part of the 1 8 c . Thorns

and a va a as frequently mentioned in A . S . medi e l ch rters

a a an d ma of av a u bound ry m rks, ny them h e cq ired the ’ n a of Ho arth rn as a av a me o , bound ry stones h e cquired the ’ ’ - W - a H a o ar . n me of o r stone, frequently c rrupted to stone

n t henet Chnet . Cuot Ca e C Can n ck . Chenet 1 2 o . D ; c , , , ,

Ca nhet Canoe a 1 1 0 Chn ec 1 . Ca n eh Can ohl ur , circ 3 ; 3 c , y , C a a a n a n h. a Kan ech 1 5 c . C This is eltic n me which pp r l an d the R a ent y upset the D . scribe ; Pipe olls, prob bly

r D . are a a . a a from espect to , led str y The most ccur te

r a of 1 1 0 Chnec . wa o f fo m is th t 3 , To rds the close his 32 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

H was at Ca c u and reign , enry I nno k , do btless hunting,

a a R a of T a w executed ch rter to obert M rmion , mworth , hich

at Chn oc. Cnec is tested The correct form should be , good ‘ l W . an d G a a a enwe . I . for hil , high pl ce in . it is In ’ a u a a n o w ‘ K Irel nd inn mer ble pl . n mes commence nock , w i a are Cn oc The a va h ch in n tive forms . s me obser tion a an but a r and pplies to Scotl d , in minor deg ee , to some

a Wa a ar a extent lso to les . The ex mples e rare in Engl nd ;

K a a an d K nockin , in S lop , me ns little hill ; nockholt , in W K v a H . ent, without in estig tion , I should construe ill ood

ua of Ca an d C a a The sit tion nnock , of the h se round it , is v h On e u va wa w ery igh . wo ld think from the ried y in hich our a v l a a medi e al ancestors spe t pl . n mes th t the spelling was of a but a a a a no import nce ; , occ sion lly , sh rp l wyers

a va a 1 1 R Hunt n don turned errors to d nt ge . In 3 3 obert of y (Huntington) sued the Bishop of Lichﬁeld for depriving him ‘ ’ of common o f pasture in Canok. The bishop pleaded ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ a was al Cannok an d no t Can ok an d th t the vill c led , , , ’ as R l at was obert cou d not deny th , the suit dismissed . The Staff o rdshire Plea Ro lls cont ain m any instances o f these

i a was a a tr cky objections , which even bishop pp rently not ‘ a f . T ar a l fﬁ . an d ash med o ( he forms e not re l y di cult . D - h . cn . h n O . F . scribes represent A. S ( i e . with the pro n oun ced chen hen cen h u u ) by , pronounced ( t ey wo ld prono nce

u m chena cn iht chen . cnut chen t D . a ) Thus is in , p is p , is l a chenisl r e & C. T he i u c , forms ending in sho d be re d ; the

t are u a l D. a a le ters indisting ish b e , except in , where it is mist ke ’

W H . in copying . . . S )

l l 111 SW a . D 1 2 . an w e . . C , 5 . of T mworth Not in ; c

Can ew elle a Canewall Canwe ll e Kanewa ll Kan ewell l ter , , , ,

n ll an e l l Ca we C w l e Canewel e. a , , The termin l is doubtless

wiell ella w ll e ell e a . was . w . . w A . S , , y , M E , spring There

a a 1 1 0 a . a priory here, founded bout 5 , dedic ted to St M ry , M d . G l and a and a a a o St i es , All S ints ; lso spring, c lled St . ’ W l w H . o f aff a was a wen s el , hich Plot ( ist St s . ) s ys luminous , — CA N WELL CA S TLE RINGS 33 .

‘ an d famous for unaccountable cures of divers ailes an d ’ w a Ca ne was nd S . an . . . a t. Ca e knesses A S p . n in or

K u v Cainsham K 111 a . eyne s r ives in , otherwise eynsh m , 5 f B t w . o a . But SE ris ol , here the church is dedic ted to her

v s a v an d a here the possessi e is bsent in e ery form , the dedic tion of the priory an d spring to other saints is also opposed

n m a r . a a to y eference to St C in . It y be suggested th at it is \V — . can w i n w au u a a the , , hite, be tif l , cle r cle r spring ; but

a a ua u combin tion of two l ng ges in one word , tho gh it some B . A . nne u e w a . ca times occ rs ( re ood) , is exception l In S . ‘ me ant any vessel or receptacle fo r holding water or other ’

an d n ot on e a o f as . v liquid , m de tin , now It e en included ’ A a v a a a u and an . a essel for dr wing w ter , b cket , S . gloss ry

a a a a a a l a tr nsl tes it cr ter , vel c nn , which would l ow more

ma n extensive meaning . It y be in o e of these sense s that

el we ﬁnd the word in connexion with w l . ar Carr a u a C , . This n me is fo nd only in the moorl nd

f u a N . f . . o o O . district the N the county It is unq estion bly ,

n a a d only used in localities inh bited by the Norsemen . It is

a a o f L c a o common in the e stern p rts in olnshire, lm st every ’ v a wet or a a Ca . a a m nor h ing its rr It me ns m rsh , moor,

a a f boggy copse . The existence of Norse n mes in the St f ord

' h a an d ia a t o f s ire moorl nds, no other p r the county, le ads to the inference of an e arly settlement there by

Northern men .

h Coetesth r n e and Cartes Caster n e . a 1 0 0 , , in Il m . 4 y

h n e r e The a t r a Caste n . y (s me charter) ; 1 3 C . termin l is

. . th r ne a . v es o A S y , thorn (tree) The possessi e p ints to m a Ceet Ca t as a . n . a or , representing p , but I not ble to ’ ’ v . t erify it I read this as Co e s thorn .

f Ca c . Castl e R in s B a a 111 . . o g , in e udesert P rk, 5 NE nno k

a l - B v a u A circul r doub e ditched ritish fort , co ering bo t eighteen

a a of Ca C a . cres , on the highest p rt nnock h se Entrenched ’ H an d t u are a Ca . forts, even um li , commonly c lled stle ere ,

are u a n of a a as within the encl osure, the fo nd tio s Norm n c tle, n S TA FF ORDS HI RE PLA CE NA M S 34. E

w and a v o f hich there is no record , which prob bly ne er pro

a h are v a Ca l ceeded beyond found tions . T ere se er l st e ’ R a ings in the Midl nds . f W B 111 o a a . 1 a hi ll n r . . C ts , . rownhills , 5 NE ls ll 3 c .

attesl we 1 Catteslewe a lia at/ ill we 1 C e s C sh . Cutteslo . ; 4 c . 5 c

o f old C There is a tumulus here (on the S . side the hester

a w has a a ro d) , hich been cut through in m king the djoining

a a a has a c n l . P rt of the spoil from the cutting been pl ced a a u a a few a g inst the t mulus, gre tly def cing it . A scrubby o ks

v a The u r a o f the co er the surf ce . mo nd fo ms the bound ry

a o f Wa a l O l Ha an d L W and a m nors ls l , g ey y, ittle yrley, st nds

o f ak H near the foot of the western Slope Shire O ill . I con

- a as Catt en . Cattes a u 0 Lo w strue the n me , g , buri l gro nd ( . ) . a a tt w l It must not be inferred th t C as buried here . I be ieve all to a met h an evi tumuli be prehistoric, h ving never wit y dence o f their construction by Anglo- S axons after their co n

a a version to Christi nity . It is more likely th t the mound ’

a Ca o r a a it. m rked the limit of tt s property, th t he lived ne r

Catt a a a c at bu t im in A . S . lso me ns , I think it highly probable the word c an be used in th at sense in connexion

a u a - with b ri l mound .

r swal l . of Ca er e elle 1 Cav e . . sw 2 , 5 m SE Stoke D . ; c .

ha er s el e ch c a A C v e w l . a S wiell ( h rd) The termin l is . . ,

welle a . a n . M . E . , spring I doubt if the preﬁx represents p . ,

a av o n e a s I h e not met with nything like it . Caf er (there wa 2) u in w tu s no in A . S . ) is only fo nd compound ith n

’ ca er -tun an d a a a a l or a ( f ) , is then tr nsl ted h l , court , m nsion . a a a Ca a Ca There is mo ted site here , c lled versw ll stle, which

ma av d A . v . Ca ersﬁeld an d y h e succee ed some S dwelling . v av a a Ca ersham in Oxon . h e prob bly similar ro ot to Cavers l wa amu a a . l . I n ble to deﬁne the me ning

Ch a mor Ca Cha 2 111 ~ ds o . . . f C n , h on nnock se , NE o a

n u nock . The m anors o f Cannock a d R geley belonged to the

h o f Lichﬁeld C the ti bis ops , I think , before the onquest to me of H V H w t t e enry III . enry rested hem from the h n bishop,

36 S TA FFORDS HIRE PEA CE NA MES

a W a Cod. and Cea er lea e orcestershire ch rter ( Dip . f g

i n 2 Ha a r Cod. a mpshire ch ter ( Dip . I c nnot identify ’ h a h a l a Ch - h c a l ea . t ese pl es , but t ey cert in y me n fer I t ink

-D f a n d the t a a . o C a i unlikely th t ny pre form h rnes exists , ma na w a a c on e ning of the me , ith present m teri ls , must be

i r d u l s de e nsett ed .

SW lie 1 2 1 Ch artl e . o f . . Cer te y , 5 m . Uttoxeter D ; , 3

r l a t Cer te and 1 . Ce te e Cer el a d 4 c , ey I c nnot i entify

o r Ceer t C as a . n . u was o n e as ( hert) p , but I feel s re it , in

’ ’

. S a w Cer tcecer e t/1a mC A . c e C C r h rters ﬁnd , ert s ﬁeld ; , ert s ’ Ceor ta n sta el Ceo rt s o Cer test Ceor home ; p , p le or stone ; g,

’ l Cer te r h ea tesz e C a . o Ceor l as g , ert s is nd no m ning in ’ h ’ A . c a . n u a e rt s C . as s C o S ex ept p . I constr e this ( ert s) ea a o r l l a 0 Le er was l (p sture unti ed l nd) ; . y. (In M . E .

r o r p . . ) W l . f K a tes elle Ch ase 2 . o C p oo , m ingswinford , D . p ;

1 Chace el 1 6 Chas ell . T a has 3 c . p c . p his D . m nor been

Erdeswick an d af assumed by , even by Eyton (St ordshire) . to

G En d w u an v be ospel in Sedgley , itho t y e idence to support l l Wr ttesle C . 2 a G a o a . the ssumption . ener l y (S t Arch ol . , xi 5 3) a 1 8 0 Chase ool l put the m tter right in 9 . p , now on y known as a d was a K The ha lo ge, situ te in inver Forest . word c se

a c a as O . and was my be dismissed from onsider tion , it is F n o t u the o f 1 Cates sed here before end the 3 c. The D .

a . 11 Cal l o r Ca tte e . Catshill prob bly represents the A . S . p . ( ) , = d ell ulle a an a . et a n e a . p p , pp rently un ccented form of A S p , ’ — amn t a a pool Catt s pool . I o aware whether ny p ool

h as Chase ool on Smesto w exists ere now, but, p lies the , it is n o t was unlikely there one .

- W ete ille 1 2 N f a . C ru h t u ll . C a c o . . , 4 1 m . Ecclesh ll D ; c

Che /culne Che /hull I hachall Chatchull Chatculne C . , ; 3 C . , ,

F n T he ville a a a a 0 . . a d D . is cert inly mist ke, th t word being ,

d u n ot intro uced here till long after the Conq est . I suggest

t a Chat Cha d C a and culue . . h t represents h tterley) , , A S ' ’ - ln . culne a 1 C a a a k l . gy , M . E , kih h d s kiln, perh ps lime i n CHA R TLE Y— CHECKLE Y

’ ' Ch atter l e h f e as -unden L m . . o e. y, , 3? m NE . N wc tle y

1 . Cha dder l e h Chadden delle h can 3 c g , . T ere be no doubt h a . . . eadd or Ceadda t t the preﬁx represents the A S . p n C

a a Cea dd (v ri nt forms) . I f is the form used , the gen . is

Cea ddes Ceadda Ceaddan . c ma a fo r ; if , then whi h y ccount the n a r Cead : Cha d an d m in the l tter fo m . , the ﬁrst for ’ ’ Cha lea e Le C a al points to d s ( . y) ; the second to h d s dell (d e) .

D ell n ot al z as an is gener ly recogni ed A . S . word (I think it was on e a E and as ) ; but it is llowed to be M . . , the forms w a C a t i are . . e a are n ot M E , might ccept it . h nges of erm n l

an d the an o f Chadd Chatt ula unfrequent , ch ge to is reg r, d an d n o a d I bei g c mmonly interch nge .

h atwel l G r eat Ch atw el l Li ttl e a SE. C ( ) , ( ) , h mlets , 5 m .

f . 1 2 Chattewelle 1 Chatewal/e 1 6 o . . Newport c ; 4 c ; C . ’ Little Che /wall a al Chad W . There is spring here c led s ell ,

an d a l a e a formerly in repute , prob b y dedic t d to the p tron

o f Lichﬁeld Ca a The a welle and wall saint thedr l . termin ls

n m. are often interch a ged in M . E . for s

elle chell 1 1 66 Chet/e 1 1 2 an d h e dl e C . C a . D . (pr ) ; ; 9

d le 1 c Chedle D o e Chedle D o e- Chedile 1 1 he e . 94 C ; 3 . , gg , gg

1 1 hedl e a There is a Che adle in Cheshire ( 94 C ) . I think d had! th n a e Cea el . c e p . n . is repr sented here ; (pr ) is e rest

a a can u va a ppro ch I s ggest , but with such rying e rly forms

h an a The 1 D o e t ere c be no cert inty. 3 c . preﬁx gg is

curious ; I cannot account for it .

l e e ie c h W ha . . C l l s c 2 . o f Ch eb sey , m . Eccles l D ( )

n d eel a o . . n . a C 1 2 Chel l es . Ceel l a was an . c . ey A S p , sh rt

The a A . . ie ea an a o r form of it . termin l is S g ( ) , isl nd ,

. a a ea as pl ace near water . In pl n mes it t kes the forms of

- - l Ba ea o r t as A e . C the in tters , a in ldern y hebsey ies on

Sow . dla . Ce 1 2 2 m . C a . Ch eck l ey , . SE of he dle D ; 7 an d hehhesl e Chechele. u . C ey , I distr st D here , believe in the

’ ck an d m a a ec Cecee Ca c all . che l ater forms . C , , ( pr , ere v ri nts) , ’ We ma a el a as C e lea was an A . S . p . n . y s f y re d this ec e s 38 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PEA CE NA MES

‘

Le Ex s. i C H C v. . C ( y) heckley , erefordshire ; heckley, heshire ;

C . heckley, Essex W S . L . 0 h n . l ed dl to . e te n 1 2 0 C e , 33 m of eek D C te e ;

hetilton 1 2 0 Chetele/en 1 . Cheteltun 1 Che/elten . C ; 4 ; 3 c ; 4 c .

un T . t n a . o fﬁc u . The termin l is A S , town ) ; the preﬁx is di lt

. del c c ma an . . Cea h an It y be A S . p n ( ) , which implies ’ a a d t an d a but origin l medi l , becoming , reverting to ; those letters were so commonly interch anged that it would not be extraordin ary . I should t ake Ceadel to be a l ate or short

- d a Cea wal eadwal a . form of the better known n me , C

h ell 2 . . B . 1 1 le C Ceo h . S . eol . C , m N of urslem 3 3 g A . p . n

’

. chell C lea v . Le . a has ( pr ) , eol s ( y) The termin l dropped o f a a , not uncommon occurrence where the ccent upon ‘ ’ it . G . was a n d a . an is slight eol common p . , lso forms the preﬁx to m any compound names ; hence a l arge number a of pl . n mes commence Chel an d Che/l is a not um

a a in aff common f mily n me N . St ordshire . h l h n m. SW. C e Ha . 2 i l n Ca 1 . Ch s/ s y y , , of nnock . 3 c y

l Chistlin Ch sli n Chesl n Ch stl n all (frequent y) , g , y , y , y y , with ‘ ’ ha wa n f b the y of before the forms . This s o e o the ays f o f o o Ca . chis cist the F rest nnock I think t represents A . S .

. chist . . chiste ch st a he o f a (pr ), M E , y , c st , one the me nings o f w was a fﬁ a hich co n . This sense prev iled to modern

C a e : ‘ w times . h ucer writ s he is no deed and n ayled in his ’ ‘ chest an d a w 1 2 : a e ; Penn nt rites , 7 7 stone ch st , formed ’ ﬂat of ﬁve stones . The chest referred to in the n ame

ou c The I sh ld expe t to be some prehistoric cromlech .

a a a u a loc lity is high l nd , very likely to h ve been sed for ncient h burial . T e terminal ling I take to be a diminutive ( as in

u l a l a l an d c u the d ck ing , b nt ing , d r ing, therefore onstr e ‘ ’ n a the h a u Fo r me y of the little chest (stone sep lchre) . ’ a ‘ H Ha v . a the me ning of y y. Ch h ' est al l s . L n R 1 6 s a ls . r. Che t , , in ongdon , ugeley . c .

T he nal av a l a . a termi , h ing no me ning , is c e rly corrupt I ssume

. . av Ciest ll C e l and the A S form to h e been hy ( h sthi l) , the CHEDDLE TON CHURCHBRIDGE 39

. . Chist or Chesthull the o f t M E form , hill the ches ( stone fﬁ e C H a . wa co n or cromlech) ; . heslyn y There s formerly

a h a nr. a Chesthull Shrops ire m nor , Tern hill , n med , now

are a obsolete . There prehistoric e rthworks ( Castle Rings)

n r. Chestalls a a a , but no tr ces or tr dition of cromlech .

h es rﬁ l h . S W C te e d 2 . S L h l o f ic ﬁe d . , , in henstone , ) m .

1 2 6 2 Cestr e ud Chestr e ewde. cestr e c a ﬁ , f A . S . ( fortress ,

a l a a R a ld and . . e c st e (gener lly pplied to om n towns) , A S f , — . . elde eud a a a . M E f , f , ﬁeld , open pl in the c stle ﬁeld

C r a a l w an d Wa l R an heste ﬁeld lies h lf mi e belo S . of l ( om

E tecetunz Letecetum Wa a or on tling Street) . The l nds a a v C are a Ca C an d immedi tely bo e hesterﬁeld c lled stle roft,

all a r contain Rom an rem ains . Nearly pl ces beginning o ending chester have been Rom an .

W n i 2 S . f B . Cill e tone Chi l l n t n . o . g o , } m rewood D ;

i l i ia d n n 1 h tin/en . il e C l 1 2 Cil e te . C . . . C c . ; 4 c A S p . n , ’ c ch an d tan a — C l a n ( ) , , town il e s town ; the medi l in the in w . o the . a a f rms is gen ddition , hich frequently p sses into g Great care is needed to discrimin ate between these corrupt

in C genitives an d the patronymic or possessive g . hillington

et an d C l n r. C w are in Somers , hi lington re kerne , both

' z l e n d we av C l a C C l tene . a in D h e hi lingh m , hilworth ,

h Cille. C a all t e . . hillenden , prob bly from p n

W f Lichﬁeld 1 . Char le 1 6 . Ch r l e h. . . o . o y , , 3 m 4 c y ; c ’ ’ ‘ l a er Char l ali as Char l e . T a the e ey , y his me ns churl s , ’ ’ Ceor l c ch . V. C a l a . . . Ceorl s e (from A . S p n ; ) h pel

Chorlton . ' r che- r eve Chir che l Wa a . 1 . Chz Ch u ck ery F i e ds, ls ll 3 c g ,

' — v T an a l o f g r eveyeld Church gro e ﬁeld . his is ex mp e a a extreme corruption ( Professor Ske t objects to th t word ,

law . an d says the ch ange is in accord ance with phonetic ) Before the suppression of the monasteries the ﬁelds belonged

o ne o f a a to the arish at to the guilds tt ched , p church

a Wals ll .

f Ca . 1 8 a astur e h. 1 . . o Ch ur ch b ri dge, , 3m S nnock 5 3 p ' 40 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

cal/ed Chir chel r z e Ca . a a gg , in Norton nes The l nd djoining

l a Lichﬁeld u l a a su the bridge be onged to g i d , fterw rds p

Th ca Wa t an d pressed . e bridge rries tling Stree ; it is not

u l u a a unlikely the g i d built or reb ilt it, the m in ro d from d Lic hﬁeld to Shrewsbury an other parts passing over it .

There is no church here .

Ch ur c h E at n e . a C u . o , E ton ( h rch)

h a rn et . aff affl u . C , river , N St ordshire , ent of the Dove ’ 2 i e a 1 8 4 Ch r n te. One s ﬁrst impulse is to ssign the preﬁx

A . . ei r u c r in c ch an d a . . to S , y ( ) , the termin l to the M E ‘ ’ a u el e t (perh ps A . S .) dimin tive hough little churn would t The a l be a curious name o apply to a river . prob bi ity

- S . R a . ha n a A . is t t the me is not , but pre om n There is

s a C u . G u a a . . river h rn in E lo cester hire , ppe ring in A S

ha as Ci r n-ea ea v an d C r ne c = ch c rters ( , ri er) y ( ) , giving ll n a C n . C and C a a me to N . er ey, S erney, irencester , situ te

The R a a o f C was Cor in ie upon it . om n n me irencester ,

a T h doubtless a l atini z ed form o f the then river n me . e

u av a A . S . m st therefore h e borrowed the n me of the river

an d o f C t so far as ( irences er , the preﬁx goes) from the

R a a a a a . om ns , d pting the form to their own l ngu ge There

a Cer ne v n a C a is river in Mid Dorset , gi i g n me to erne Abb s ,

- C and C all . a Nether erne , Up erne , upon it The n me

S a i ne n d r ne c i ue a a . a s C r a C . h r ppe rs in A . ch rters y ( pr ) , a c h s T h a but in Southern di lect the a softened . e me ning

o f C r an d a hurne , the other n mes referred to , could only be l W a . de t with by some one skilled in O . f W h . . a a 1 0 0 le hun Cl a h an er . o . C er y g , , 4 m N ls ll 3 y g ;

le n r e . T a a C ehe a . l ter g , frequently his is common n me , e g .

l a a . C a a C . t a yh nger , NE Devon ; l yh nger , S Somerse ( p rishes) ; an d a a a A sever l h mlets so n med . The preﬁx represents . S .

ce m . n cl a o r cla z a an d a . ha r a g , cl y , g, cl yey, the ter in l A S g , a a v S i . e . a on a . . h nging wood , wood slope or decli ity A .

i a a a ha n r a a a are dict on ries tr nsl te g , me dow, but they wrong

a. C aw C a t a an d v ( r ford h r ers, N pier Ste enson , The — CHUR CH EA TON CLOCK MILL 4!

‘ ’ a n o f na a a w me ni g this me is therefore the cl yey h nging ood .

T a a of a an d a here is gre t deposit red m rls here , sloping a a b nk , still sp rsely timbered .

Cl a n ri h f - - t G fﬁ th . 1 . . o a L y o , , % m S Newc stle under yme .

. Claitone 1 . Cl a /en r z n T he G riﬁ n s D ; 3 c y G ﬁy . y were its 1 l l = . u A S . c ce ( a lords in the 3 c Do bt ess . g g y ) , cl y a Cl y town .

Cli f t n ami l l e 111 . f C v . o a t o , 5 3 NE T mworth . Abou

1 1 0 0 Cl z tun Clistene . s is a a f ; D . . The D cle rly mistake

f or . n a The la a f ,those A S . letters bei g much like . p in me n ‘ ’ C ff and v a a n ing is the li town . The church ill ge st nd o

a a a a . a wh e sm ll eminence in pl in . In A S . n, ich in de len

i e or . cl ee clee cleees &c . a a a sion M E . becomes , , , , pl ys gre t

a a an d a a p rt in pl . n mes , me ns hill , high or low, precipitous

r Camville a a o otherwise . The f mily were Norm n lords of the a a a a m nor for sever l gener tions . They took their n me ’ Ca a v é a t l Eure a from n ppe ille (D p rtemen de , in Norm ndy) , w a a a c as Ca hich sometimes ppe rs in n ient records mpville .

W W 2 Cl i v e h . . o f a . 1 Clive. , , 5 § m . olverh mpton 3 7 l S l z . clive a a a A . c . . This is . f , M E , hi l The h mlet is situ te

mv l at a V. C Ca i le the foot of ridge . lifton . a n ld l k il l a n a o . C oc M , commo n me for corn mill ’ an d C all There is a Clock Mill lock Mill brook in Pels . ’

h r C a . . a T e right fo m is l ck , i e the cl pper, which by striking a l the hopper c aused the corn to be sh ken into the mil stones .

T he a now old word , in this sense , is prob bly obsolete , the a process h aving been superseded by modern m chinery . The ’

l e f t. a v . a clappe o r eta l o a mill is found in Promp P r , circ ' H ll n d s a u c u 1 8 0 1 440 ; o yba Tre s ry of the Fren h Tong e , 5 , mill l a uet de Moulin the cl ache la e a tra nslates C q , or c pp r of ’ ’ an d in 1 70 8 we read The Miller s Cla chs an d the Lawyer s ’ ’ The a l Cl achs are in perpetu al motion . word cl ck is sti l ‘ ‘ — a -va a - retained in mech anics e . g. cl ck lve , cl ck box ;

‘ an d clack -mill is still applied to a windmill - rattle for scaring birds . 42 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

Cl u d a . a not . o is word used in N St ffs, but in the South T l u . u C C . . . : C Exs o d house , loud side , horpe lo d It is A S

uz cl de c ud l c/ud eu . c/ode u l o a a o f a . ( ) , M . E , , , m ss rock , hil M u d . b t a as o . It is the s me Eng cloud (of the sky) , used in ff a di erent sense .

Cl ou h a the aff g . A common n me in N . St ordshire

a n . o f . : C u moorl nds , but u known S Stone . Exs Pye lo gh ,

C u H a Rav n C Out C H C lo gh e d , e s lough , lough , ollins lough , Oa C u W C C H l Cl Bu ken lo gh , ren lough , olclough , el ough , ll

C u & c . a a a o r a va w lo gh , It me ns r vine n rrow lley, ith steep

a a a sides , usu lly forming the bed of stre m . The old pro ‘ ’ n unciatio n was as u but n a t has in bo gh , in moder di lec it ‘ ’ f a ff . o become clu . In the N Engl nd , where the word is

and a are cleuch an d el ewe. common , the forms pronunci tion

r d a w a S . an The o d is not dmitted to be A . , is prob bly of

as has v an . Norse origin , it ne er been found in y A . S docu d m an . ent , is conﬁned to the Northern counties

hena c . o k n a e h . a 1 1 Co he C c . aff . g , , in Trenth m , N St s 94

. a . . ache ehe a he oak . Coc The termin l is M E , , , (tree) I think ,

ca wa an . l r ec an d Coc s . . n . a s Coc or , A S p , bec u e we ﬁnd

n u a ec Cocca l r h as A . S . pl . n mes but I h ave n o t met with C

r occa a as an . a A C u Cec o C lone A . S n me . fter the onq est h a nd o a . n a C bec me common p . n mes The would be the ’

d ma k . S . en . a an a a k s o a . g ddition , we y re d this s Co In A

a nd . . cec a an d coc a as a M E is cock , cook ; ccents

‘ dropped off it becomes diﬂi cult to say whether John le Cok a Cook C . should be re d John the , or John the ook W W C d sal l 111 . N o a . 1 2 eddesha l o , 4 . of lverh mpton c . C

deshal e a Codeshal e de o Co shall . od l 1 . C C e a 3 c ; l ter , ( so spelt d edda w s an A Coda an C a . . n . an a . d C a ) S p , ods ll me ns ’ H C a a . a . . e v ode s h ll ( le) A preﬁx in gen form , b ing possessi e ,

f . is evidence o a p n .

C l d N r t n C . o o o , Norton ( old)

l R n C to n 2 . Col/o e oll ane af . . . C o , m N of ugeley D , ; ter

a a Colten . are v C a w rds regul rly There se en oltons in Engl nd ,

44 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

Cum/on Com/one. n m 1 . a 4 c p , p The D . is not slip for t a i - a as Con tone h h t record reg sters thirty two m nors , whic

l hav Comtenc T he ma w shou d e been . Nor n scribes ould

u Comtenc as r n ounce prono nce contone , the French still p q Comte T a cuml conzl a conte . his is pl in A . S . , , hollow ,

n n v — w a a d te . . v v lley, (q ) the to n in the hollow . The ill

a h l lies in ol ow .

C n r ev e h 1 SW o f me r ave . . Co o g , , m . . Penkridge . D g ;

1 une umr a e. r C r a ve C v a . a 3 c . g , g The termin l is A S . g f , a v a r a gro e , sm ll wood . The preﬁx pe h ps represents A . S . coml a val — a — but are , ley the grove in the v lley the forms all o c in c nﬂi t . W l n h N . ff Cook s a d a . , h in Seig ford , 3 m . of St ord ’ hesl an a ue uca w h 11 Cuc C C as an . D . . , , , I t ink , A . S . p .

u o o ha Though nrecorded , it is f und in c mposition in A . S . c r

uceshammC ha O an d Cucanhealas as . ters C ( ux m , in xon ) '

H he es n . Cuc s a . t a . ( me dows) ere possessive points to p , ’ and ma a as Cuc s a I think we y re d this l nd . W f aff l 1 2 C e h al l 111 . S . o Co eha e . op p n , 3 St ord . D . p ; c

o en hal e a t C pp . The l ter form , which is the mos trustworthy, ’ ‘ - S a a CO a . gives us the me dow l nd of pp . The correct A .

n hale n o w Ce a . a . C form ould be pp , being the gen ddition pp,

‘ ’ o f w Co a a d c our an d hich pp is e lension , is modern cup , h ‘ ’ is now probably represented in t e family n ame Co pe .

W D u o en a le C hal . C Co ehale b t C h oppen l , in heshire , is p in . , p

u in subseq ent records .

W . C sel e . . a 1 o y , 3 m SE of olverh mpton From 35 7 to

1 6 6 are Colse/ Coulsle Celsle a 4 the forms ey, y , y (repe ted) ,

a wa Cosel . . s a . n . fter rds ey The gen (possessive) points to p , ’ and a as C lea v. Le . Col e Col Col a was I re d this ole s ( y) , , , an A . S . p . n .

Col a . ol a a C f a . . C tes . . o o , 4 m NE Ecclesh ll D is

f c a z cote dat . o . . ot a a . l tini ed form of , the . sing A S , cott ge

Col a ote an d afes all D . records C C declensions or a forms of the s me word . — CONGREVE CO WLEY 45

C n t h . 1 f ff . ol 2 . o ta . C e 1 o o , , m NE . S ord D ; c. Cotes.

Cotan a a r f c o . . ot a a a is plur l fo m A S , cott ge . The me ning o f C a a a oton is therefore cott ges it is common n me .

l an f r h . W f C t n G d 111 . aff . e o ot . o o o , . , 3 St ord . D C

’

V. C . Cl ar er d n ot as o n e oton y is , might suppose , the n a o f an a but C a a me e rly lord , like oton , is h mlet in Seigh

t lwne chi ne a . I . . c a an d ord ford is A S , , cle n , pure , cle r ; f a s a a a the cle n ford it is itu te on tribut ry of the Sow .

Ha es h w 6 . t f o . t C n . o . Co e o o y , , in Mil ich , m E . St ne D . ‘ ’ nd Ha . V. Coton a y Original meaning cottage ; n ow ’ ‘ a the cott ge enclosures.

l . wa on h 2 111 . 1 0 Cot t . 0 Cote , . , NE of Stone About 4 w altune Cotewoldestune Cedewalle 1 2 Codewalton ; D . , c . .

in an . a a . The ﬁrst form being A . S ch rter is the most reli ble

it a a Cote an d Walton is I think is double n me, . There W a a a a C e . C t lton in the s me m nor, Stone . For ote o es ; W W a v. a . for lton lton . in Stone

h. 2 . e e B w . ove 1 2 . oe n C ven . . C C o , , m SE of re ood D ; c ,

A. . co a n c n Coven . e . o a I think this must represent S f , g f , ‘ w B w - a a t hich os orth Toller renders cove , c ve , reposi ory, ’ k C u a al r a ar . inner oom , ch mber, After the onq est medi f

a u a u a . commonly bec me , the Norm ns introd cing th t letter

‘ ’ But the H. . a e av as an A . S . E D . does not cknowl dge c e w nor a a a o a a o ur ord , does it ppe r to h ve f und pl ce in

c a a a l angu age before 1 2 2 0 . A . S . of ppe rs to be the root of l H. . v as a a cone o ld a o f . , the me ning which the E D gi es sm l ’ - a a a ll & c . C ch mber, inner ch mber , bed ch mber, ce , oventry ,

- cha C an tr eo . Th u hav in A . S . rters, is o/ (tree) ere m st e n a u C as al b een ancient ironworks at a d ro nd oven , the loc ity

o f f old and at a was denuded timber o time , there were le st ’ l fo ur smiths livin g there in 1 42 5 ( Subsidy Ro ls) . I think we a but do w a h ve the right root, I not kno how to pply it to ’ a a a - in w the place . Possibly ch rco l burner s hut the oods may h ave given ri se to the n ame .

SW o f aff . . Cove Cowl e h. G a 6 . . y, , in nos ll , m St ord D 46 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PLA CE NA MES

[a n e z u 1 2 an d 1 . Coule . (the ) ; 3 c , frequently The

ue- leah he Co w lea a . . C t origin l nom form in A . S would be ,

1 1 a a . as le. a T he a . e . (p sture) . termin l 9 (q v . ) often pp rs in M E

henzer s 1 . k m h h U . . r a c r e r . C C a a s , , in ttoxeter D ; 3 c

h A e sc z sh T a . . mr sc ahenzer she. e a Cr termin l is cle rly S ( ) ,

w av . . . ke a a O a a . cr a m rsh In the N me ns cro or r en , from N Here the l andrail is also called corn -cr ahe ; but although

D . o cr ahe a a an . S . is pp rently A word , being found in , n ne

an . . v o f our diction aries help us with it . There is A S erb

m an un reco cr acian a a o f cr ahe a , to cr ck , qu ke , which y be g

‘ ’ n iz ed an d ua a w u an product , the q king m rsh o ld not be

a Crakemarsh a u n a unlikely me ning . is not only uniq e me ,

cr a he s a f a a a u u f . a o . o but , p rt n me , is lso niq e S Yorkshire

Cf . C a a and C a l . a r keh ll r kehi l , both in Yorkshire I h ve else

u S aff where observed o the existence of Norse words in N . t s a to a f s pointing settlement o Northmen there .

Cr a e B r k an d a s . n oo , in Norton Shenstone p rishe , 4 m h i hﬁ ld. 1 0 0 h r n e l r o . S . of L c e 3 Cr one l r ou e afterwards C a o

Cr one a . . o . . cr an a is M E f rm of A S , which the diction ries ’ as a a a a as a give cr ne but in the Midl nds it me nt , it me ns

ma b ut n ow a . a , heron It y h ve been otherwise in the fens , I do n o t believe that cranes ever inh abited the Midland

a l a a we a Counties . I de l with this litt e stre m bec use h ve so ’ n r — — a o m m any Cr a me es heron s pool and other pl . n mes c men c ing Cr an which are erroneously supposed to refer to

a . All a al a lud the cr ne Midl nd di ect diction ries, inc ing Pro ' W a w fessor no cr ane as a . right s gre t work , give heron f W H . Cr an k Hil l Cr ank il l L an e 2 . o . , , m E ednesbury ‘ Cr an k is a . . o f u a M E word do btful origin , me ning bent

’ ‘ . a ac a a crooked , twisted , e g. the cr nk in m hinery ; cr nk ,

n f T he a ma o . eccentric opinions, of twisted mind word , h H l a to a . Cr on pplied pl . n mes, is not uncommon , e g . i l , m ' n r. E stre al Cr onh H and Cr onhwall a y, S op ; ill , Tettenh ll ;

Cr onhston Low n r L n aff r onh H l n r C . , . o gnor, N . St s ; il ,

Bu Cr anh W r h n r A n H . a o . e Cr on tterton ; o d , D rby ; ill , tch m, CRA KEMA RS H CR OXA LL 47

a . a S lop I think here it me ns crooked , bent , or twisted hill . a f The b se o the hill is decidedly tortuous . i h h W t . 2 N . r C e 111 . . o f 1 2 1 att n r g on , , Uttoxeter 4 C a .

W o n an e d at a 1 . o n e a a ith only root , th 3 c , our m teri l is

ff i . . cr a t cr at a a a slight , but I think su cient A . S , me ns c rt ,

d the a - an o f a a a . tz7n prob ble origin the n me is c rt house . A S . a an a me nt y enclosed pl ce ( a . Ton ; also Drayton and

. Cr at . E . ca r /e and av o u Mixon) , in M , becomes , I h e no d bt ’ the f a is root o c rt (by metathesis o r shifting of the r ) . The

H. . a v E D . suggests , without dopting , this iew . W well 2 111 . N aff Cr ess . . esseale 1 , of St ord . D Cr ; 3 c .

Cr esswalle h a a a u . T is is common loc l n me , freq ently met

B r . . a . a e with in A S ch rters oth forms corrupt on their face .

l e was an . . Va . . . O not A S word, being M E . from . F D scribes often blundered between 7) an d w . Walle is a mistake

welle a a va at for , common error in medi e l times ; cress ( w er l c w o n a but w i . e . . ress) does not gro w ls , by ells , springs a w Ccer se o r Cer se-wiell the a The origin l form ould be , , ( w ter)

‘ Bir hills a w av a u. c a cress ell . I h e lluded ( ) to the rem rk ble a in r o an d m nner which sometimes shifts its p sition , precedes

r l w v an a . . . eer se o fol o s the owel . This is ex mple From A S

En . c ess. The a . . we av . r h e Mod g ch nge occurred in M E ,

n h ff H where we ﬁnd cr esse a d er se used indi erently . ence ’ ’ our a i n ot w a a w r a s y ng, orth curse , me ns not o th kerse ,

a a . i . e . le f of cress

W L 1 Cr owl arwe. Cr wb r u h h . 6 . . . . o o o g , , m of eek 3 c

w n d l ear we we . . a e cr owe a a a . cr e cr w A S . , M E , , cro , r ven, , — ’ f l ear n a C . dat. o form , wood the row s wood In common

a o r n d ca an d a p rlance ro ks a e a were lled crows , prob bly the

‘ ’ a l a . . and . . me ning is a rookery . Strict y spe king, A S M E

' hr ar a a C o are a u and are me ns rook . r ws not greg rio s birds, x therefo re less likely than rooks to attract attention . E s

Cr Crowbutt C C & c . owborough , , rowcombe , rowhurst ,

h halle Li hﬁeld. Cr o es Cr x al l 6 111 . . c o , NE of 7 7 3 ; D

’ ' l sol . l sha e r eo . . . r c e a l e r e ha . e Cr e e C . C o h sh l 1 3 C . C x , , A S p n 48 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PEA CE NA MES

— ’ Cr oc C a a . Ha a o f C e roc s h ll ( le) . A f mily roc (d scended from Richard the Forester) were hereditary foresters o f Ca 1 1 6 W ia C had nnock Forest , until 7 . ill m roc then the

to a w h s and a misfortune be h nged , ith two ot er knight ’ ser ean b at-a ll G the - a g rms , for ki ing ilbert, king s cup be rer ,

a a at Lic hﬁeld his c u . in br wl , where the king then held o rt Our family n ames o f Croke an d Crook prob ably represent

an S r c . f A . H o a a. . C o C Mr . Ussher , in his istory rox ll (

a a ff most estim ble work) , gives di erent etymology of the

na but a a . me, I c nnot bring myself to ccept it

NW e e den Cr x d en 1 . . . Cr ch s e o , 5 1 1 Of Uttoxeter . D ; ’ 2 d h 1 2 Cr ehes un Cr o esaen . a 7 , The correct termin l is prob

a dene a val as C a va . The bly , ley, roxden lies in lley preﬁx h t e . . . r . C a C . C oc C is common A S p n rox ll, roxby, roxton ,

Croxd ale are ex amples .

W. . r eches/on e r . N a . . C x t h . C o on , , 4 m of Ecclesh ll D ’

C w C a C . roc s to n ; rox ll , roxden

f ul e u o . e s C ddl est on e or Cu ttl eston e (hundred ) D . C t l n n r u e a n ud l thu ésta Cothelsto l . C e uesta n 1 . u , ; 3 C C f , gg ’ I re ad this as Cuthwulf s sto ne ( the name often appe ars as Cuthul Cuttlesto n e has ca . as a u f ) Except h ndred , no lo l ‘ ’ a a Cuttleston e v at h bit tion beyond bridge , o er the Penk

a a a o Penkridge . It is s id h mlet once sto d beside the bridge , ‘ ’ w a an a a a K e hich c rries ncient thoroughf re c lled ing Str et , w le ading from Penkridge to Newport an d the est .

la 1 2 l L . a ncsha 2 W . G Cu n sa l h . . S . , , 3k m Of eek D ; 7

une a le s a a l C sh . un a . C was an A . S . p . n The is pp rent y

a en . but Cuna . C an . g , the gen . of (p should be un The ’ n l termi a I construe h all Hale) .

r f Lichﬁeld. 1 . Cur l ur Cu b r h h . 2 . . o o ou g , , m N 3 c g

1 . Cur l or owe Cur l er eu h Cur r el our h. a 4 c , g , g The termin l

a u w l r u an d l r . a a o is prob bly y (q led defended enclos re , the preﬁx a remnant of some name like Cur da or Cr eoda . ’ W redewer de Creoda s C a in . C urdworth , in rwickshire, D is , an l d Worth) . — CR OXDEN DEL VES ( THE) 49

D an e Th e v a t taff ( ) , ri er, forms the bound ry be ween N . S s and C an d a t W av n r w heshire , f lls in o the e er . North ich . I

av met w an a av h e not ith y e rly forms but D enport , which is o n a and u a m Dene the D ne , do btless derives its n me fro it , is

er t a u m D ene p in D . I therefore ss me its then for to be .

can a in as a a a v Nothing be m de of this A . S . pplic ble to ri er , and a v a are v a I think it is Celtic sur iv l . There two ri ers De n

a an d a v Dean a h in a t in Scotl nd , ri er g Irel nd . The roo is

a in G an d dea n n perh ps to be found . I . , impetuous , swift .

D ar l ast n 2 NW D eor l a vestun o , m . . of Stone . 954 , ’ D er l aves/one ; 1 0 0 4 ( Wulfric Spott s Will) D eor laf estzi n ; later

a Deer lavestun D or la eestone 1 2 (endorsement on s me) D . ; and 1 Der l avestene D or l aeeston of 1 0 0 3 c . , . The form 4 is ’ ’ and Deo rlaf s en perfectly correct , gives us town . The dorsement av 7) f or was a a a Co n , h ing prob bly m de fter the

and a a av a a quest ; the ch rter of 95 4, lso h ing , is prob bly a c o a 2 a av w m de by Norm n scribe , the A . S . h ing no a tw n v was e a a t n r ; f be ee owels pronounced . D rl s on . W an d a a av a a ednesbury, D rliston in N . S lop , h e simil r

r o igin .

r l a W 1 2 D er laz 'estene D a st n 1 . o , 5 m N . of ednesbury . C . ’ De rlaf s r o a a n . town . V. D rl ston , Stone .

f Wa a w E n h R h 2 o . D a d a a . , . , in ush ll p ris , m . NE ls ll

1 0 D o w an d D a we E n d av met w a 7 . ; I h e ith no e rlier

D au D aw D awe was a va a forms . , , , , in medi e l times , short ‘ ’ o f av he a a a or pet form D id ; hence t f mily n mes D wson , E nd a hin a or et f . D wkins ( being diminutive p su ﬁx) , in

a a n ot a a a a . pl . n mes , me ns termin l point, but mere loc lity ' ’

H Daw a av . or ence End equ ls D id s End , i . e residence pro

r The a a on an a t a e. pe ty. h mlet is situ te ncien thoroughf r

Cf a W u . . E st End , est End , So thend

D el v e s T h e D el v e s G r e e W a ( ) , n , h in ednesbury m nor , f W l wa t as n ow 2 . o a a m . S ls l . Al ys writ en , but sometimes

Wa lstede Delves an a a Walstead who , from old f mily n med f C at Walstead Ha . o lived ll , on the N side the ommon , now

ddil a . w Bo e . . ( 1 90 1 ) occupied by Mr . y This is M E ord 1: 50 S TAFF ORDS HI RE PEA CE NA MES

d u a . da l del an a ( from A . S f , f , to dig) , , in pl r l form , me ns ’ ‘ a u of are the Diggings . The lower me s res ironstone close t a v C w has o the surf ce on Del es ommon , the hole of which

a ro been dug over to extr ct them . These diggings were p

a a an a a o f W u b bly m de by e rly lord of the m nor ednesb ry , and re at u a the the o smelted his f rn ce , which stood by side

D el h a a r Be a . o f the T me n . scot st tion p is nother form of

h w . a t e a a . . ord (singul r) pplied to pl n mes , e g Delph in aff nr R al N . St s , Delph . ochd e .

Dene tone 1 2 D e st n e h . s n o , , 5 m . N . of Uttoxeter. D . ;

n d 1 D e n e u v s a . en ste . 3 c , freq ently The possessi e points to ' D en D ena — w an . n wh we e A . S . p . , ich ﬁnd in , Dene s to n

Ton) .

' ff D dzn t n i h W a . o o e D er r t n 2 . n g o , . , m . of St ord D . ;

1 2 2 8 Deddi n ten 1 2 8 8 D odin ton 1 1 8 D ud nton Dod n g 3 y , y ton odd D d D dda w n D a o as a . . , , , common A S . p . . , the gen . f w h o was D oddan . T he a n a as form hich gen . to we k nouns

e u i n a Daddan fr q ently passed into g . The ch nge from to

Der r in a g is strong, but the forms support it . This is pl inly ’ ’ D o r Dodda s e T o n odd s town ( . ) .

Dil h rn e W h a Du r e C . . l ve n 1 2 . o , 3 m . . of e dle D ; c

D ul eer n u D r 1 ul oe ne The . , freq ently ; 3 c . . A S . form would

a D ul er n D ul a o f del a prob bly be . f is pl . form f , delving or digging ; the v is a Norman substitute for f T he sufﬁx a a a m em a a — a ppe rs to be A . S . , , pl ce the pl ce of the

b ut diggings . I do not know Dilhorne, I should think it

a a a a had e a prob ble th t co l , or some other miner l , b en qu rried w h . . a a (got Open ork) in A S . times , or per ps e rlier

D e v ff n u n d v . a 8 0 a d a an l on o , ri er , N St ordshire . 9 f , g du a n a 1 0 0 0 {Br est o du an 1 D une D euve f ; bout f f ; 3 C . , .

H we av dat us a du a ere h e three A . S . . forms , giving nom . f o r du La . a to u ﬁ ter, ccording c stom the f becomes In ‘ . . d an a an d a u re A S u/ me ns to dive , to sink , , ltho gh not

an A . . a d a av e . corded in y S diction ry, uf must h e b en the A S . ’ w a v a was du -do a ord for di er ; the pelic n ﬂ pp , the dipping v . v as we now w it not i v n di er The Do e . kno , does d e or si k ,

5 2 S TA FFORDS HI RE PLA CE NA MES

D D it n Ba a a r a fton 1 2 . r a o t a a ; c . sset is medi ev l ddition to

Dra to n s an d au Ba distinguish it from other y , bec se the ssetts

a D r a icetes and were its e rly lords . D . records ten thirty

D n es a a a t and v r a /o . o . se en y The n me b unds in A S . ch r ers,

a a u as D r ce etun . not a . n . is lw ys fo nd g The preﬁx is p , but

dr ce e a a a a a - an d g in A . S . me ns dr g, dr g net , I construe ‘ ’ a w o f a a a -net as all Dr yton the to n the dr g, prob bly dr g , Dra ton s are a w y known to me on stre ms here , in remote

a a times , ﬁshing would be common occup tion . (This is on

a D r a v was a a a a the T me . ) g howe er n me pplied , very e rly ,

a u a a a w a for to gric ltur l implements , like h rro ; to ﬂo ts the conveyance o f goods by water ; an d to conveyances without

a u H s. a and wheels , ro gh kind of sledge ( . E . D . Dr g) these meanings may apply to some of the m any places n amed ‘ ’ Drayc ote an d Drayton ; but I think drag-net much more

a B z a has a a a likely to pply . erne , in Swit erl nd , , r dic lly, th t

a i Ber n Ber non - a a - the me n ng. It is Teutonic , , dr g net ;

Aar a t a at the town is on the . The loc l r dition is th root is

Beer en a a a a a a , be r ; be r consequently forms p rt of the rms o f n an d a an d a are a a the tow c nton , be rs m int ined in pits by

a s are Lichﬁeld the municip lity. The e old myths common , . ’ W H the a a ( . . S . thinks interpret tion highly improb ble , but if

a can a u a a a - e C pl ces cq ire their n mes from c rt shed ( . reighton) , or a u e a a - v can d nghill ( . Mixon) , or c ttle fold ( . Penn) , I see a a a a its a a a no improb bility in pl ce t king n me from dr g, or

a - an d a dr g net , kept there , prob bly used in common ; besides

dr me a a the word g be rs no other interpret tion . )

W B B r e h . 111 N t e Dr oi n t on . . . , , 5 ; . of Abbo s romley D g

h/ n D r n D r en et n u l Dr en o o el en . tone 1 c . o ; 3 g , freq ent y, , g The

has a a a n D . scribe cle rly omitted medi l . The A . S . form ‘ ’ u D r en estﬁn wa o r wo ld be g , the town of the rrior, soldier , and a v a Dr en I should be gl d to gi e th t construction to it, but g was a a n an d a the a was lso p . . , it is more likely th t pl ce

a a a w v a a a a wa . n med fter kno n indi idu l , th n n meless rrior.

ur a had a O foref thers little poetry in their souls . Their he rts ‘ ’ e in t e t a and ta was . w re h ir homes e ds, their lk of bullocks — ‘ BR OIN TON D UNS TA LL 53

’ ’ ta u as Dren s t I think , reluc ntly, we must constr e this g own . W ‘ H a D r e . . d : n O N and the a is ( . . S ds g is . , n me therefore a late It does not appear in our records until the end o f 1 0 the c . H h D r ui d e at . 1 and 1 D r uwood D r e , Aldridge 3 4 c . ,

d a a - woo . The loc lity w s formerly heath land in Cannock

a u C a . a a l o f Dr u Forest djoining S tton h se A Norm n f mi y , d a a o f - t-L eriving their n me from Dreux , dep rtment Eure e oir

a a va o f . in Norm ndy, were medi e l lords Aldridge ( The

a z and . a was D r o e La l tini ed D form of the n me g . ter it

D r e a a as w . a wa l ppe rs ) The he th , being ste , be onged to the

and so a a o f D r u and D r ew-w lords , cquired the n me oo d

e . B a o f Ba an d l B ( A rief concerning the M nors rr A dridge , rit . M s haw H f ff u . . . . o a Add M S S ( ist St ordshire, ‘ G a H . a a a ener l ist . p ii) s ys , Drood he th is cert inly Druid ’ a and w a a u had a he th , he forth ith ssumes th t the Dr ids and a w a a summer residence here , inter residence in c mp

’

a B va . aw has ne r ourne Pool , in the lley below Sh s theory

a ra a a we are a p ssed into gene l ccept nce , but, though gre tly

was n o . v t a indebted to him , he etymologist The e idence h t

n v Druids ever had a y existence is ery slight .

W f a Tunstall . Dun s l h 1 o . t a . . , . , } m T mworth Formerly H a a w the ha of C . V. Anciently ithin y opw s, nnock Forest

a Dunst ll . W o f B t n-on - 1 2 2 Dun stan h S . , . , 43 m . . ur o Trent 7 w u Tunstall 1 Tunstall . T n 3 c . . The A . S form ould be

- stee ll n a a a a . All Dunstalls , a enclosed f rmste d , or c ttle y rd f a d and t appea r to be corruptions o Tunst ll, being commonly

a av v a a hearin a interch nged . I h e obser ed th t pl ces g this n me of an wa are generally to be found o n the borders cient stes,

a - a w u a as if they had been outlying f rm y rds itho t homeste ds, o n w i s similar to those commonly seen the do ns in Wlt , ’ a was o f known as bartons . This pl ce in the Forest Need m l l n a a 1 . . of Du n sta , a ncient homeste d , N Abbots a Maner B 1 2 Tun stal 1 Tunst l a . romley . 3 7 ; 355 (M nor) 54: S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

m w h f V F t e o . a or erly ithin limits Needwood Forest . Dunst ll , n r B -on- . urton Trent . h W l l . NW Dun sta 1 . a 1 . , , {m . of olverh mpton (on in

ma a l 1 u l 6 T n ta l near Hamton O a . s rdn nce p, Tunst l ) 35 p ;

0 and 1 6 unstall Ha a a 1 45 5 3 T . lf mile outside the ncient

u a Ca o a n r Bu - oh bo nd ry of nn ck Forest . V. Dunst ll , . rton

Trent .

t n 2 . f u n 1 2 Du n s o i . D nes/o e o , m NE . Penkr dge D . ; an d 1 C D anes/an and D anes/on D un D unn D une D un na 3 . . , , , all a dun a u a ( from the s me root , d rk , d sky , sw rthy) , were

. a of w D en e a a common A S . p . n mes , hich is sometimes l te W e av an a es a n . form . h e here irregul r gen . pointing to p . , an d a a n a to lthough the correct gen . is I see no re son distrust

a be w v a a a it . Norm n scri s kne ery little A . S . gr mm r . I tr ns ’ ’ ate n l this Dun s tow .

\ f a E i/one E t n Ch r h 2 . o G a c . . o ( u , m SE . nos ll . D

a are a . . E ton , Eton , Eyton , common pl . n mes , the A S form

w E atun the on a of which ould be , town Ton) the stre m ; ‘ ’ ea a s a wa a a l o me ns ter, but gener lly running w ter. There ’ was a church here before Domesday ; but Church is a a va a to a medi e l ddition the n me .

E at n Water E tone. V. a o ( ) , in Penkridge . D . E ton h ( Churc ) .

W de t n Wode E at n W o d 8 aff 1 . o e o ( o ) , m . from St ord . 3 c y ,

E ton a c wade a C . V. . . . y . E ton ( hur h) M E , wood

E cc esha le E ccleshall E c cl esh al l . E cl eshelle 1 l . D ; 3 C . , ; ’ ’ H . I C E lesha le . ( E d e [ ﬂ ee] z Ecle s a a 4 . g . A . S . p n . , , h ll le)

E el z E k was a a n but an d wo e g , g , lso p . . g y , uld b come

A les as A lesthor al l y , in Aylesbury, Aylesford , y p, from the

E din al e a E dn un halle 1 2 . g , 5 m . N . of T mworth . D . g c

E adin hall E der in eha e den n hal 1 E den n ehal e l E . g , g , y g ; 3 C y g .

al a u but fﬁ . The termin is pl in eno gh , the rest is di cult Sup ’ d-in - le w mht a . S was E a ha e posing the origin l A . form g , g

‘ ’ read it the hall of the descendants of E ada ; bu tw e h ave DUNS TA LL ELKS TONE 55

no a and in w a . n ma such ex ct form , g , follo ing p . , y be a a a m s a a . o r p tronymic , suggested , or it y be used in gen

’ ’

. {E thelwul z n l en d a f Ethelwulf s possessive sense ; e . g / g me ns a an d ac a Ba a l nd , , cording to the best uthorities , rl vington

' ’

. . Beer ld n tun a Beo rlaf s w Woolbedin ton (A S ﬁ g ) me ns to n , g ’ ' ’ . . Wul l ceazn tzi n Wulf baed s Wo Lav ( A S j g ) town , ol ington

‘ ’ Wu a u . . n t n Wulflaf w and o n s so . (A S lfl fi g ) to n , I suggest

a E d a E ada and th t the in Eding le represents the p . n . , I

‘ think it will be safer to construe the n ame as the hall o f ’

a a. use o f i n a a a and E d The g , in p tronymic sense, is r re ,

a ac w should be ccepted with caution . Pl es ere frequently

a a a Attin ham a n r. n med fter s ints ; g (Atch m) , Shrewsbury , ‘ ’ means the home of the children or disciples (ing having ’ ‘ a ‘ not a as the lso those meanings) of Eata. It could be re d ’ o f a a a the a t v v home E t , bec use s in ne er li ed there ; but

the u W H. . a ch rch is dedicated to him . ( . S suggests th t the n a was E ad h un an d a . me here ( ) , I think he is prob bly right ) SW o f Lic hﬁeld E d i al l h Ha . . j , . , in mmerwich , 3 m .

/ 1 d / 1 6 E all Edi/ta ll . 379 E ysa le ; 1 4 1 6 E dihall ; c . dy , I ad eates u a an A . . E incline to think this wo ld be , origin lly, S g

’ hal e Ead eat s a z u a o f , g h ll (g y ) , the pron nci tion which would

e Ed atshale a Ed ale an d Ed ale . b come y , l ter y g (g soft) 1 0 0 E l f r d NW o f a t on Ta . 4 o , 4§ m . . T mwor h , the me

E lle er d E le er d E lle E lla a Ai l/e E ll a was f D . f . , (e rlier , ) , a A a l common . S . p . n . The correct origin l form wou d be v a E lle br d the of . n/ , ford Elle The bridge o er the T me here 1 was erected in the early part of the 9 c . previously the

v was With fo rd a a l . ri er forded at y , h lf mi e below the bridge A a ] n . . It may be suggested that the preﬁx represe ts S , eel a c . V. . Eel ford ; but I think the p . n . mu h more likely Ellenh ll

E lhesdon 1 C. L . 1 2 2 E l n 6 111 . o f ; k sto e , . NE eek 7 3 ' dun a z . E f e d n l a . . , l s e , frequent y . The termin l is A S hill (

i s to a . . Don) . The possess ve in the forms points p n I o n e but a cannot identify E lc as , it formed the preﬁx to n mes ma a e t El cwold &c . , such as E l cl eor ht, , ; it y be short or p form ma na ma av r a t o , the forms being l te , the er in l of the me y h e 56 S TA FF ORDSHIR E PLA CE NA MES

h e e c = h out o B . E lc esl i h n ow dropped ( . escot) D . records ( ) ,

an d E lchestane G Elksley , in Notts , , now Elkstone , in loucester

so a it a E l c ma a a n shire , th t is not unlikely th t y h ve been p . . ,

n ot o an though f und in y existing record .

S W f e t ne l l st . o d l aches e E a o e . . E n , 5 m . Ashbourne D ,

e ne E delache / ne A thel a ten Adel ahestene E l ach sto 1 2 . s o x c , , , — ’ he a ton . /hel ac th la s E t l x . . z E tE e c t a . . A . S p n . own ( Ton)

E l l en h al l 2 . . a Lin eha lle 1 2 , m SE of Ecclesh ll . D . ; C. h E lli nhale as . . The D . scribe blundered I think the preﬁx f l . o E l e w w E llen is the gen form the p . n . , hich ould be , ‘ ’ v a o f . . a t we u gi ing us the h ll Elle . In A S ch r ers ﬁnd s ch ’ a as E ll enl eer h E ll el eer h E ll esl eor h E ll en n mes , , , Elle s hill ; ’ ’ cuml l va E ll en 0r d l E lle l , E le s lley ; / , E le s ford ; wy (whence ’ our a a l E llewur thie f mily n me E well) , Elle s spring ; (whence ’

a a . a t . Elworthy) , Elle s f rm . In l ter A S . ch r ers the gen a an an d es e n ff e forms bec me confused , being us d i di er ntly .

La a was t as v a a a ngu ge hen , e er, in tr nsition st te . Printing ,

B and a a all the ible , Sh kespe re , tended to stereotype it .

E l l ow e s Th e an of a ( ) , Sedgley. In inquisition the m nor ‘ ‘ o f 1 2 2 o f Ellen vale an d the Sedgley in 7 , the moor house ’ an d garden o f Ellenvale are mentioned as portions o f the ’ H f aff v a a o . 1 m nor . Sh w s istory St ordshire , . 7 7 , App 9 , in ‘ ’ v v Ellavales as t o f the pedigree of Je ons , gi es the proper y the evon ses at Ha l 1 do J (who lived Sedgley l ) in 5 73. As I not ﬁnd in any ancient records rel ating to Sedgley any other

a wh a Ellowes an d n me ich could possibly pply to the , there is

v a at all Ellenvale now, I belie e , no other pl ce in Sedgley like , I think it may be assumed that in 1 2 7 2 the n ame of the

Ell w s was E llenvale and a 1 had E a o e , th t by 5 73 it become ll val es an d a a E llowes a ; in l ter times bec me . These ch nges a re u a a w a an d l aw As q ite in ccord nce ith us ge phonetic . sumin t to Ellen vale the a the g the correc form be , me ning of ‘ ’ ’ a a va E ll a E lle was an . n o f n me is Ell s le . , , A S . p . . , which E ll e n or E llen ( according to the form used) was the

le is n ot an w v . Va . a correct gen A S . ord , h ing been i a C the a ntroduced here fter the onquest . If origin l form ELLA S TONE ENS ON 57

Ellenvale was applied to the ancient messuage now called ‘ ’ va w an a a of the Abbey , le ould be ccur te description the ‘ o f Ell nv l w a a site , but the moor e a e ould ppe r to include a w a ide loc lity .

E l mer son h W a W f ff 1 N o a . , . , in hitgre ve , 3 5 m . . St ord

1 2 2 E lmer shull . xE mcer w i E lme r and 5 l/ (sometimes r tten ( , ’ a lmer wa an E s . n a l ter ) A . S p . . , me ning glorious elf. I

‘ ’ ’ ’ a as a jElfmaer s la re d this origin lly ( ter Elmer s) hill . The

v f . a hull con ersion o the M E . termin l into on is unusual ;

h a u but t ere is no doubt bo t it here . h Li hﬁ l ’ E l mu r h 2 . . d. 1 st . c e K , , m N of 3 c . ( irkby s

E lin hur st a a a wa E lmhur st E lmehur st Quest) g ; lw ys fter rds , ,

m a an n u o r E lmes ur . l d h r st w h st . e a a A . S me ns elm , ood

— elm E lin ar the wood but the preﬁx g in the e liest form ,

. an a E llen ur t . h s is perplexing Assuming origin l A S . form ’ (me aning Elle s wood) it would readily p ass into Elinghurst ’ an d u K was a a 1 2 and Elmh rst . irkby s Quest m de bout 75 , an a u a but a e rlier form wo ld be desir ble , is h rdly likely to be

u as not D . or an w fo nd , Elmhurst is mentioned in , in y kno n 8 A . . record .

Henedun W f L . E nedun 1 E n d n . S . o . o , 5 m eek D 3 c . , ’ f an d aun a l du . n m{E ne . E ne n . z E a A . S . p . n . , , , hil ’ ’ an d w difﬁ .lEn e s {E ne a one hill . me ns once , , it ould be h c u t a a n a a a . lt o tt ch a y other me ning to it here th n p n . T is ’ appe ars to be a wom an s name .

f B w 1 2 an d 1 . E n le h . 1 . . o E n l eton . g , , m NE re ood 3 c g

E n le A n el E n el A n l e a a ten a a . lw ys g , g , g , g (v ri nt forms of

the a w a a an s me ord, from Angeln in Denm rk), me ns Angle ,

w E n l al en d a . o r a . English(m n) , hence A . S g , Engl nd The ’ a meaning o f this name is therefore English town . Perh ps some Angle from Schleswig-Holstein may have been an early

Cf En lebourn e E n leﬁeld. . settler here . . g , g D records eleven ‘ ’ w l l a v la . E n el E nglely s which are no Ing eby ( y , il ge) g

a . was a . n u . not p . , tho gh it formed the preﬁx to some l te A S

n ames but the possessive s is here lacking . Hen/one P 1 f . . E n s n h . of af . o , . , 4 m . NE St ord D ( ) ; 3 c 58 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PEA CE NA MES

‘ ’ ’ E nson Henestene E neston h AEne s w , , . I think t is is to n

H n . Endon) . ere we h ave a clear terminal ton passing to o

n i l l W f 2 . E v e . o E eld 1 , 5 m . Stourbridge . D . f a ; c

E venes eld E e ld E n e ld 1 ene ld v n E v e . f , eﬁ , f ﬁ ; 3 c . f , frequently

Ville ma a a - e as a a a y be lw ys r jected termin l in pl . n mes , unless

a a a C u as O they h ve been n med fter the onq est , it is . F . D . here

‘ l as E ne eld a v v o r is perfect y correct , f f me ns the e en (le el) ﬁeld ’ a a a a pl in Field) . The loc lity ccords with the n me . This example shows how regularly f became 1} after the Conquest .

E ssi n t NW Wa a E sin el un . g on , 45 m . . of ls ll . 994 g ; D

E sen in etene 1 E sen zn eton E n ton E sn n ten E sne g ; 3 C . g , sy , ) g . w ’ as a A . . n . and a va common . S p , , though it me ns ser nt , was o a H i n a b rne by men of r nk . ere the g is origin l , but whether it is used in a p atronymic or possessive sense I can no t sa v a u a E sn - in -tzi n y. A ery e rly form wo ld prob bly be g , ‘ which may be translated either the town o f the descend ants ’ ‘ o f w Ton . Esne , or the to n belonging to Esne )

h 2 W a E tti n sh all . . g , . , m SE . of olverh mpton 994

shale E ttin esha ll E tin hale 1 E ltzn esha/e E n e . g D . g ; 3 c . g , gy g h E /i n es heale Ca . Sax . 8 6 an . 0 1 t e g is found in rt 5 , 9 , in

r o f u W l T a desc ipti n o the bo nds of a m anor in i tshire . h t ’ a a ‘ a E ttin form I tr nsl te the me dows of the sons of Etti , g

v f the not a . . a o being p n In this c se , howe er, the ms of

‘ ’ terminals point to h all rather th an to me adow - l and

e . Ha . a E tta an d E t/i are a 1 ( le) The p . n mes l te ( 1 an d a an E a ta a na in prob bly represent older , common me the 7 an d 8 c . W E x tal l h Ra aff . 1 2 2 0 Hecsta ll , . , in nton , 5 m . . of St ord .

a’ c hwc c eh h c e h ce . he h a ch & c . a a c A . S . , gen . , M E . , , , , h t h ,

an d . steal stall a al a has va u a A . S , M . E . , st l . St ll rio s me n ’

. a ma a a ings , but, in pl n mes , y, like ste d , gener lly be ‘ ’ ‘ ’ a a a a Ha a a a tr nsl ted pl ce , st tion . tch g in is used in m ny

— a of a v o a t a a ﬂood senses the lower p rt di ided do r , wicke g te , a a a a ﬁsh a a g te , tr p for c tching on stre m in the form of l attice w o r a a of a f ‘ the ork gr ting. The me ning the n me is there ore

’ ‘ ’ a a w hat p l ce of the h tch , but the sense in hich ch is here

6 0 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

F eath 6 f W v F ee erston e . o a n . , m E . ol erh mpto 994

he tan F eet e an F e / n rs her s/ . r des F er est t a 2 1 eth on . , ; D ; 1 7 The

a a . stei n a at termin l is cle rly A S . , stone . A l rge stone ,

‘ ’ Warstone a a a Hor estan a , c lled in ch rter of 9 94 , m rks

a of a ther a a A . . e the bound ry Fe therstone . In S f me ns ’ ‘ ’ ‘ feather ; but it is unlikely th at fe ather a n d stone can a u an d w form compo nd , I think we must look else here .

F eeder F ee der E ader ff of , , (only di erent modes Spelling

‘ ’ a was a a ‘ F eader was f ther somewh t common p . n . u a at W w n a m rdered by mob , orcester , he collecting t xes for

Ha a t 1 0 1 . a of and rdic nu e , in 4 The ch rter 994 is lost , only a m of a so a l corrupt mit rem ins, th t I do not fee bound by

its ex act spelling . I think we shall be right i n reading ‘ ’ ’ H a W v a r nr . a this as Fe der s stone. e h a e Fe the ston lt

w a nr . n h l n r a a d Feat ersta . histle , Fe therstone Pontefr ct,

Rochdale .

h - n - n F en ton . o t. . F en/o e 1 . , , in Stoke Tren D ; 3 c

n on F F ent n a Cul ver de / en /on o Vi vi n F en ten Cul nar t. . . W , , , A S

n d tun T n — V a en a a a e o . f , fen , m rsh, ( . ) Fen town A ivi n was R of 1 2 c and a ector Stoke in the . , prob bly impressed

a on a for a . Culverd a a a his n me the pl ce, time is f mily n me ,

- an d Culver d s low is a pl . name met with in mediaeval charters

relating to Fenton . W F i n ch ﬂ el d an a t a a 2 . . o f , ncien est te in Tettenh ll , 3m

W v a . E n e d nc in e n . 1 chen el P h eld 1 . ol erh mpto 3 C y y , y g f 4 C

men d A . ne c . n h n h a e ch . c c f ch el . . j / S ﬁ ( ) , M E ﬁ , jy , me ns

a but F i nc was a a . n . . ﬁnch (bird) ; lso p , which in M . E

a F inc . a a n t bec me h The f mily n me Finch is o uncommon .

H a Ba W was a Finches ath the ollow y nk , ednesbury , nciently p , ’ W l a . e av a ro d to Finch s house h e Finch m in Norfo k , Finch

a a B s Finchdean Ha t Fic hen ﬁeld h mste d in erk , in n s, in

an d a Essex , Finchley in Middlesex , prob bly from the

a . a t P nchenes eld our s me root The e rlies form , y f , shows l anguage in a transition state ; the correct form would be

‘ ’ F nchen eld o f i an d a a y / , the ﬁeld Finch ( y interch nge ble) ;

a es. but the scribe dds also the modern gen . — FEA THERS TONE FLA S HBR OOK 6 1

wi h F sh er c k . a 111. . o f Lichﬁeld i , , on the T me , 33 NE . '

1 2 . F ischerewich 1 . F zsher w he F sscher wih F sche c 3 C y , y , y r es

k. . scere sc z wic . sh . . sher e a a A S fi ( ) , M E fi , fisherm n , A . S . ’ wic . . wi ch w he a w v a &c fisherm , M E . y , d elling, ill ge , . the an s l ’ ‘ ’ dwel ing . It might be suggested that Fisher represents

a . n . but was n ot 1 and p , it one before the 3 c . , then only

‘ ’ a t v a u as h F schere second or descrip i e n me , s ch Jo n the y . W F i sh l e h . . . a a . 1 ThzZs/l F ishl e y , , 3 m N of ls ll 7 C . ey, y ,

’ ’ F zs/le other wise Thistl R iddzn Lower F zstlc th y , y g , y o er wise

Thistl This/lin R iddi n eld. has g g , gy fi Fishley nothing to do ‘ ’ l w . a as 1 8 . an with fish The loc ity in the c open field .

a W and a p rt of Essington ood , nciently within Cannock i ’ . h stel h . . an d . . t a i tle l a t t s e . Forest A S M E , this le the y R C ll . . a a ua Mr Thom s , of the Fishley o iery , told me (J n ry, ‘ ’ 1 8 6 a a was a Thisle an d 9 ) th t the pl ce still often c lled y, he ‘ h l ’ F i showed me a letter addressed to himat T is ey. ssle

n F s r a f hi tle . R a d i tle a e di lectic forms o T s (E P . idding a a a an u an d a of a me ns cle ring, enclos re cultiv tion wild l nd R idding) .

h n ﬁ NW L . F l ash . a o f Alsto e eld . . , , p rish , 4 m of ongnor

1 6 . Fl ashe a o f a av c . This is the e rliest form the n me I h e

met w t and a . P lash an d F lash i h , I ssume it to be correct

n 8 die e a a . . are synonyms . N ither form is dmitted into y A

tion ar et the w P lesc lash a a y, y ord (pr . p ) is to be found in ch rter

Sa an n w Flash 6 Ca t. x. d o of 9 3 ( r is represented by , l m 111 f a . . a a . o C p rish 5 . NE hurch Stretton , S lop The p for

lashes a a a . . a v. plesces (pr. p ) is lso in the s me ch rter Prompt P r an 1 0 sa 8 : F a c or a w a ( . 44 ) y l s he ﬂ sche , here reyne w ter stond ’ the a a ﬂat a wa y . The n me is pplied to wet l nd where ter

n a all a a Our a lies after rain a d gr du y dis ppe rs . word spl sh is

s o a a only the old form with an excrescent . M dern dr in ge h f a f to has ch anged the aspect of t e kind o l nd re erred .

F l etesl r oc 1 2 2 f . . F l h b r k h . . o as o o , . , 4 m N Newport D 7 l r ec F r F lotesl r oc. a l etesl ec ; 1 3 c . The termin l , brook, is

a but en . r pl in , the preﬁx is perplexing ; its g fo m points to ma a t v a n w ann n . I t p . . hich I c ot ide tify y be diminu i e of 62 S TA FFORDS HI RE PEA CE NA MES some name commencing F l a d F l od or F l ote d and t are a frequently interch nged .

n d a 1 h r l . a L F oo t e e . y, h h ll , in Shenstone , 3 5 m . S of ich

F ul ar dl ee 1 d F ﬁ l w F o er esle e ul er e . e d. 1 2 . v l 1 c ; 3 c . g , ; 4 c

lle l e F oluer l e e F ul ver le e F ul o dlez h 6 F ther l F u r r 1 . e ey , y , y , f g ; C ey otherwise F ulder le are v i an d y . The forms ery conﬂ cting

u a a a a an d corr pt . The e rliest ppe rs to be the most reli ble , — ’ F l wea r d Fo c weard s lea o Le . n . o c l . poi ts to the p n . ( y) l Wa a f F r d Br k a . a o oo , Pels l , 3 m . N of ls ll , orms the e stern ’ u a o f a r de - ze e e wa . O s O . bo nd ry Pels ll 994 g ( y) , rd s ter A family n amed de Or desey e were living on o r near the stream

r d a a av an in the 1 3 and 1 4 0 . does not ppe r to h e been

‘

. n a a . Ord A . S . p . , but it formed the preﬁx to m ny n mes , e . g

rht rd ar O rdf rith c a nd rd was an a eo O O . . b , g , , & e rly M E a a are t a and a an a f mily n me. There r ces tr dition of ncient

a and a Ordese es. w termill pools , prob bly occupied by the de y F - The in the modern form is of course excrescent . B W a F or dh ouses h . u . o f , , in shbury , 3 m . N olverh mpton , o n the m ain ro ad to St aff ord where it crosses a stre am .

are Persons living here in the 1 4 c . described in subsidy ’ a d l as W a & n c. a other ro ls illi m , , tte forde .

h . a F r t n 2 . 1 1 o o , , in Meer m nor , m N . of Newport . 99

F r /en 1 c and a wa F r ton a e . o . 3 , fter rds , The termin l is plain Ton) ; but it is impossible to m ake anything of F or a h s o ut a d . a o in A . S Some intermedi l letter dr pped , perh ps ,

and an . 8 w a l F or d/ﬁn A . form ould prob b y be , the town of

F er dan d an d t u the ford , or , the hill of the ford , freq ently

r v F er tans i n a a . a e ﬁ e interch nging There other Engl nd ,

nd F or tun e and F er dunes all o f h a D . records one two , whic Ham av a Fo rdle u . h e become Forton . Fordh m , Fordwich , y ( ,

W h an d Le are a w av a d as ic , y) , pl . n mes hich h e ret ined the , f u a w the result o accent . I sho ld expect to ﬁnd th t the

no t u as . in Fordwich is so nded , Adwick is pr Addick

B w Bromich Ca Cattick C Co lich rom ich , twick , ; olwich ,

Cro ssick G G renich an d so o n . Crostwick , reenwich , ;

F o x t h . I stone a . . . C a . . 1 2 , , in p m nor 3 m N E of he dle 53 — F OO THEREE Y FRI EZ ELA N D 63

" ’ F iate 1 2 2 F ex ex z st ox mean s a . ; 9 ey . In A . S . f fox If we could re ad the ﬁrst form F exy ate we should h ave Fox

a ate a . o f ate a a but ro d , y being M E . form g , ro d ; the ter

a w st F o min l y in the second form is incomprehensible . x is

a a not uncommonly found in A . S . ch rters s a preﬁx to pl .

a a a as was a 11 . n mes , cert inly with reference to fox , it not p . u till after the Conq est .

h 11 F r e . 1 f Lichﬁeld. 2 2 F adl . . o 1 6 odr esl e e y , , 4§ NE y ,

er es e 1 2 6 F d Th F od ley ; 8 r o eleye. e preﬁx doubtless repre — ’ a . n . a F eeder F eader a Feader s l ea sents p , perh ps , (f ther) m d— ’ . Le r a F r e P e T h ( v y) o it y be rod s lea ( . Fradswell) . e

a v 1 . Bir hil r a a c as c c ls. ppe rs to h e shifted in the 3 , to whi h

111 f F de F r adswel l . o . . r e swell e 1 c . , 7 . SE Stone D ; 3

F r otheswell F r edeswall an d F r odeswe l u l . , , freq ently. A . S — ’ ‘ ‘ ’ F d P w . F d . r o r o a . p . n rod s ell me ns wise ’ i a L hﬁeld . F r a r e 1 . f . i F r ee r d 1 . c . o 2 o , m SE of D f ; c

F F e r de F r ie r de. n e er d 1 . o 1 6 r s r if ; 4 c f ; c . f o Freeford is o a n a c a e Lichfield and a n ient ro d b tween T mworth , where a a a a a and a a a sm ll stre m thw rts the ro d , once gre t he th , l ’ W H . a a a . A S . r ee c led hittington e th , commenced f me ns free , but the ford is too insignificant ever to h ave been other th an ‘ ’ ’ . 1 6 . F r zes or de a a free The c form , f , points to he th , Fries ’ - f a a a a a . . r s . . r se l nd being lw ys he th l nd , from A S fj , M E fi ,

n Friez eland. a d then comes the common shifting of the r ; v. ’ i ‘ u a a The mean ng may be the heath ford ; b t m ny p . n mes

F a commenced r el an d earlier forms are desir ble .

' F r er f W . 1 6 0 6 s F ri ar P ar k 1 111 . o , § . NE ednesbury y a w l P ar h so called because it belonged to the monks of S nd el .

a w the a was a was o n C Their gr nge, of hich P rk p rt , ronk

t a H . P ar k . n t a a a a se a ill in M . E did o necess rily me n pl ce p rt ’

f o r a o r a a a an a . orn ment g me it me nt , origin lly, y fenced l nd

W W i z e an d . F r i ez l n a a o . F r e l e a d, ls ll od , Tipton This

Friez lan d nr . a Bos a a . . is common n me , e g M rket

w Fri n r R a F riez elan d n r. L ez la d n . orth , ochd le , incoln, Fris

Fri ez elands are a o n Co w & c . o l nd the ts olds , All I know u p n

or a a t a . . . r s M. E . ir se ne r ncien he ths The root is A S f y , , j 6 4 S TA FFORDS HIRE PEA CE NA MES

z . a r e Birchills fur e Then by met thesis, or shifting of the ( . ) ,

r ise a - a we get f he th l nd .

F ri th . . S aff A N t s word , unknown , I think , in the S . of the

u va u a a county , tho gh commonly used in rio s p rts of Engl nd .

u and a wo d o r a a . It is of do btful origin , me ns o , wild l nd The

a a a a an d n me is lw ys found on the borders of ncient forests , , t was a a I hink , pplied to enclosed or deﬁned woods or w stes

a a and t to belonging to subject , though p rt of, subjec the

a o f . in l ws , the forest Formerly no subject could hunt his w o n o a o r . wo ds without roy l licence , express implied The

w o f r t u as r th . ord , by the shifting the , is some imes fo nd ﬁ F F r H l l h 111 . . f L 1 holle F a . o . . r o r o og , , 7 SE eek 5 c g , g

M E h e hole u . a clearl v . . ol a , freq ently The termin l is , me ning , in

a a a a w o r . pl . n mes , sm ll v lley, hollo , depression The preﬁx

c — Fr h l F o . r e a . r o e a o o e . r is A . S f g , M . E f gg , frog g g is

m r h m a v . . h a Fro oor F o a ery common preﬁx , e g Frog ll , g , g ,

a Fro well Fro b rook La & c . Frogg tt , Frogden , g , g , Frog ne , T he association of F r eg with some o f the termin als is h ard

a a . . to reconcile . All these n mes ppear to be of M E origin .

no t a a F r o D . does record single m nor commencing g (or h F e ﬁeld . NW Fro x . r x a t m . no er A . S . for for Frog) , 3 m

P ﬁ F d ﬁ l . o f eters eld Ha r ex a el a Fro e d Cod. , in nts , is f , g , in Dip

s ﬁeld W 111 W f an . 6 . a a Fro x . O 5 93, 9 5 There is l o in ilts , 3 .

has a a a Hungerford (not in which prob bly simil r origin .

f Lichﬁeld an a a an d F u l f en 1 . . o , 5 m E , ncient f rm

- l D a 1 F ul en F ul en . a . . . sm l post m nor 4 c f , f , frequently

‘ ’ ‘ ’ ul a and cl u u . a A . S . f me ns full, ﬁ fo l, m ddy Accentu tion

a o a A . . was t al is of gre t imp rt nce in S but neglec ed , especi ly

a a a u a in l te MSS . The prob bility is th t we sho ld re d this foul

’

F ul fi a a u . a fen . forms the pre x to l rge n mber of pl n mes ,

a o r a . . l mostly connected with stre ms w ter, e g Fu ford , l w ll & l u Fu l e c . we Fu brook , Fulbo rn , Fulbeck , Fullwood , ,

have only the termin als to gu ide us in the construction .

F l d 1 F ule F u l f r d 111. . . u e or e . o , 4 NE of Stone D . f ; 3 c F f la n or de ol er d F ule or d. a o f , f , f The termin l course is p i ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ o but w et ul t be n t ed l or f rd, h her f mus co s ru ful foul — FRITH GA I LE Y 65

we av n t . F 12 u V. f . 1 h e o hing to guide us Ful en ( , fo l , muddy,

H. . . W no doubt . S )

i a L an e Lichﬁel 1 G a d. 1 , 99 Gaia ; 1 2 0 0 La Ga ia ; a a Ga ia Lane Gaza elds a o f Gaia Ma or fterw rds , ﬁ . Prebend ry j ,

a of Ga ia Mi ner a i a a v . a Prebend ry . G is mediae al L n me

a a an d . . ai a h as a a . for j y, in N F g , g y (g soft) the s me me ning ‘ ’ La a a a a a L. w I tr nsl te this J y ne . It is r re to ﬁnd ord

u a l . a an d a s rviving in p n me , its ex ct form preserved . In

a a a as the this c se I think it prob ble th t , word is only to be

mediae al L wa v s . found in it derived from O . F W l h 111 . W G ai e . . Ca on a . y , , 4 of nnock , tling Street

lea e a el 1 0 0 Ga e . Gr ie 1 . Galewe Ga ule Ga ne 4 g g ; D g ; 3 c y , ,

’ ‘ ’ l e The i all G a Ha was n e o f ey . distr ct is c ed iley y ; it o

a of Ca an d ﬂat an d . the h ys the Forest of nnock , lies low Until the country was enclosed an d drained it would be

- = h . a ma a a . . e] a inly m rsh l nd T is is A S g g (medi l g y ) ,

a ul l . al e . . awl e a e . e M E g , g , g g , Mod E g , the wild myrtl

r i ca Ga le a l u (M , The n me is common y fo nd in Forest ’ as the Ha G a Al r i ca Gate is records y of uley . y known by

a a as bo - a au a l m ny n mes , such g myrtle , g le , g l bushes , g u , ’ ’ A H D nd . & . . a iet. . a t c . moor myr le, ( E P lliwell s of P ’ ’

W G a a a G a . ords gives , ley, sw mpy, m rshy ; le , wild myrtle

’ ‘ ’ ‘ f a : The Collin son s H t. o is Somerset , under Mere , s ys

a a w a o r a a moors lso bound ith the Myric sweet g le , low sh rub with spe ar - sh aped or serrated leaves bearing catkins an d a T he a dry berry . northern n tions formerly used this

a a of . The a a pl nt inste d hops c tkins , boiled in w ter , throw a i n up a waxy scum which will m ake candles . G thered au u an d a a t mn it dyes wool yellow, it is used in t nning c lf l ’ H n at . was a a . skin . orses a d goats e it It lso used medicin l y ’ ha a a u l h H s. Ga . See furt er . E . D le I ve de lt r ther f l y

au our ul a a a v with this , bec se d l pr ctic l foref thers seldom gi e ’ ‘ us so pretty a name as the hay of the wild myrtle . ’

a a az 1 8 6 . . 0 8 A writer in the G entlem n s M g ine , 7 , Pt i 4 , F 66 S TA FFORDS HI RE PEA CE NA MES

' ’ ‘ ‘ a a a l Foulmire no w a t says : At pl ce c l ed ( Fulmer) , bou ’ a mile from the Four Crosses ( an ancient inn on Watling

an d G a Ha an a a the Street , in iley y) , rom tic shrub of myrtle

a u a a al kind grows spont neo sly . It is c lled g le or sweet g e , W u and gives name to a h amlet near it . here it ﬂo rishes

a a a u at is bl ck mor ssy gro nd between two copses , gre ly

a w u sheltered from the ble k winds, hich no doubt contrib tes

a a . v a and gre tly to its s fety It thri es not nywhere else , seems f ’ W a o a a V. . conﬁned to this sm ll spot few cres . yrley

h . . G ar sh all . . 1 , , in Milwich , 4 m E . of Stone 4 c

in eshal h Ger n esha l h Ger n eshawe T h a Ger . e g g , y g g , y g termin l ha lg h is seldom found in the Midla nds in so perfect a form l S . healh ha l in the N . it is common . Its root is A . , M . E . ,

hal che hau h an d ha w are a s a of which , g , l o forms , me ning

- v - r n was an a a a l . Ga i e me dow l nd (gener l y, I think , ri er side) g ’ ’ in a - a . a as G ar e s . A . S p . n . I re d this g me dow l nd

ff i 1 2 i D. a tone 2 a den . . S a G G G a ton 6 . y , m NE . of t ord 7 ’ ’ We av a Ga G a to ns an d h e in Engl nd one ydon, nine y , two ’ G a w ds a a a oo G e . y , so th t the me ning of y is worth s ttling

a ma a tan The conﬂicting termin ls in the forms y be re d ,

r d n hil a T D n n t a o o a l . o n and o . o town , , ( ) The preﬁx is

our . a a c w u a mod g y , Fren h ord introd ced here fter the

C u . a a n and must onq est It is cert inly not p . . , I think it

. . ea t at at . . ate a te ate a a represent A S g , g , y , M E g , g y , y , g te,

a wa = G ate t a a u n rrow y own , prob bly from primitive enclos re a a at o r a w w ate ppro ched by a g e n rro way. The ords g an d

ate are w a y (synonyms) , ho ever, sometimes pplied to thorough

a o a . Gate as an a has tl f re r ds , origin l preﬁx , frequen y

a a ate . . a . G u r perm nently p ssed into y , e g Y te , S lo ceste shire

a a Ha H . a Y tton , Somerset ; Y teley , N nts ; Y tton, ereford

&c . shire , L J G en tl e sh aw h . NW f i n a 11 1 . . o h , , in ongdo p rish , 5 L c

. 1 0 Gen lsha we 2 ent ls ﬁeld 5 5 gy 1 5 9 G y hawe. The name was originally applied to a grove of ancient oaks on a lofty

art of Ca no C a e now a t mi al p n ck h s , f s decaying . The ter n

68 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PEA CE NA MES

l a v Ha hu l . a ( . le) ; if , Mill hill The prob bility is in f vour o f l a w as Go mall at a o f l Mi l me do , lies the b se the Sedg ey

- l a all an . hi ls . Origin lly mills were h d mills They were

ass o x- a - an d a followed by or mills ; then by w ter mills , fter

o f a l w ards by windmills . There is no record windmi l

l r a . nd a l a e fo 1 c a . be re the 3 , the mills mentioned in D w ter ‘ W a w a be at mills. hen we re d , Two omen sh ll grinding ’ l a a an d u the mi l the one sh ll be t ken the other left , we m st

a a a - w w underst nd h nd mill or quern , ith the omen sitting

l i an c ose together, turning by upr ght h dles the revolving

upper stone . W h Bu u 1 . k . a G osb ro o . , , in shb ry , m N of olverh mpton , w d takes its n ame from a brook hich in 1 4 an d 1 5 c . eeds h ‘ h l e . . l s a a as Gosl r e e and Gose r e . . . os ppe rs A S g , M E g ,

s a sli n an d oes a o . n a s e g , goose , becomes g in pl mes , in g g

' ' ’ ’

oshawk. Gesel r oc Gosden aen va l Gos or d Gl sleah g , ( , l ey) , f , ,

' '

d r A . Goswell Gos el a e . , f , forms frequently met with in S

T h u an d c l a c a . e a h rters word incl ded , in udes , m ny v rieties

w a a c as as a . of ild qu ti birds , well the t me species f W h . 2 111 . a a . 1 . G osc o te . o Ger st cote , , NE ls ll 3 c y ;

t te t 1 c . or s ice or sco e. . nd . r s e G G . a e t or s 4 , A S M E . g , g , ’ ’ z a a gorse, fur e the cott ge in the gorse , or , on the he th . The loc ality was formerly within the limits of Cannock

a d a o had n a a . Forest, two centuries g much he th bout it W f W G s el O ak h. 1 . . o o p , , 4 m ednesbury, is on the

u a a i W T and S d bo nd ry of the p r shes of ednesbury , ipton , e g

lev Oak has a o . The long g succumbed to ironworks an d

ll . G Oak G and G ar co ieries ospel , ospel Tree , ospel End e

common names on parish boundaries . They origin ate in

the a a n of a a per mbul tio s p rishes , which , before m ps were

a at la va a R a used , were m de irregu r inter ls . gener lly in og tion

. v a week The custom is ery ncient, being referred to in the

Ca Cu rt Ca A . D . nons of thbe , Archbishop of nterbury , 7 47 ; ' and Rogation d ays are called gang d ays (g ang : going) in a K a a the l ws of ing Alfred . The minister, ccomp nied by his GOS BR OOK GRA NGE 69

’ hu a an d a at o f c rchw rdens p rishioners , then be the bounds

a and at a a on the a the p rish , , cert in ccustomed spots border re d

o f the B . o ak a a o portions ible An tree , gre t st ne , spring, o r o a a a was u a a as a G other n t ble l ndm rk , su lly dopted ospel ’

a . T h a a w a l an d pl ce ese per mbul tions ere c reful y recorded,

u a a an a concl ded with free fe st . The following is extr ct from a perambulation of Norton Canes m ade in 1 775 '

an d ewlan ds W l w w a G a so to N el , hich ell is ospel Pl ce , an d a Psalmwas sung an d a Gospel read by the said W . uo . C a and r a w l U th Mr J hite , the ur te ; f om the s id el p e Lane o n the North side to the top o f the said little Newlands

La an d a an d v a a ne , from thence cross o er sm ll inclosed piece of Land to the Gravelly Path o n the Road from

Ca Lichﬁeld a B w nnock to where there is Foot ridge , hich is a G a an d a G was a an d a C was ospel Pl ce, ospel re d , ross ma an d a R a and H a de , from thence long the publick o d ighw y ad Ca wa Lichﬁeld a C le ing from nnock to rds , cross the ommon or He ath called Cannock- Wood untill you come over against the Round T urrett which lieth on the Southern Side of the s aid Ro ad at about an Hundred yards dist ance from it in

h R a a C a an d Turrett is a w ich o d ross is m de , on the

G a a C a a a G an d ospel Pl ce, where the s id ur te re d ospel , ’ a a was & c . Ps lm sung,

h W f . 1 od G l . . N . o . G oth ers ey , , 3 m Stourbridge 4 c ’ - . dr ich c eh G r iches/ G eder ichel . . . . Go ey, ey A S p n ( ) odric s ’

H a a G o drick an d G . lea . ence the f mily n mes oodrich

G r an e a a a a a a g , n me borne by m ny ncient f rms , is

O . r an e r aun e a M . E . word , derived from . F g g , g g , the origin l me aning o f which was properly a barn ; but was applied to a a outlying farms belonging to the abbeys . The m nu l l abour on these farms was performed by an inferior class

a la - l r other s who u a of monks , c lled y , were exc sed from m ny of the requirements of the mon astic rule ; but they were w al w superintended by the monks themselves, who ere lo ed ,

a al a at a a occ sion ly, to spend some d ys the gr nge for th t 7 0 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PEA CE NA MES

a a p urpose . At the suppression of the mon steries m ny of ’ them were dismantled an d turned into granges . At the ’ r a n e e d a a a a a moated g g r si es this dejected M ri n ( Sh kespe re ,

a u for a u . Me s re Me s re , iii W W h 1 111 . S a . l o r G r az el e . G rase ey y , , k . of olverh mpton

S er . . 1 2 8 2 Gr asele . . . e r s s a y A g , g , gr ss , becomes in M E

‘ ’ r ces r as and us a lea. g , g , gives here the gr ssy This is f Gr es Gr as and another ex ample o the shifting of r . ’ a ‘ a a other forms me ning gr ss , form the preﬁx to m ny

a pl . n mes .

SW Gr atewich r h 111 . . . G atwi c , 4 of Uttoxeter . D ;

’

ic 1 . r / c r t c . r eal r ot w h G e eu G e ew h . . 1 2 . G e C 3 C y , y A S g , — i v . A . c . wich h a r ete an d . w . w c a M . E . g , S , M E , y gre t ill ge

Ba G a r e Bar r . G at , rr ( re t)

W . h . 2 W . 1 S . r eat Bri d e . G g , , m of ednesbury 4 c

1 r et B r id e. a o n a Gr ete 1 6 Gr eete . G e ; c . ; 7 c g St nds ’ a a G w a stre m formerly c lled reet , hich divides the p rishes of

VVestbromwich an d a Tipton , where it is crossed by the m in

B m a G a and G t are road from ir ingh m to Dudley . ret ree

v a a . . r i t common ri er n mes . The root is perh ps A S g ( from

’

r eate n . . r eten wa u & c . e g , M E g ) , to greet , il , murm r, Po ts ‘ ’ ’ mu u a an d a l and write of rm ring stre ms b bb ing brooks ,

i a a a n A . this r ver n me ppe rs to be o e of the few of . S origin

a an a as G a which h ve y poetry in their me ning . Indeed , ret

an d G are an d a n ot reet Scottish Northern n mes . it is unlikely

v a th at they ha e Celtic origin . W h . . S en G ri n dl e . 1 . Gr el e y, , 4 m of Uttoxeter . 3 c ey , A ' — u . . n l . a d . . r ene ea freq ently S M E g , green the green

- a v . Le . a a ( p sture) , y There is rich me dow l nd here on the B lythe river . W G ri n d n 111 . N r en d ne 2 n d l a . G o 1 a o , 5 . of l m D . ; 1 d — c . Gr en on . . . r i ne dri n l G and 3 A S g Green hi l . rendon

G are a rindon common pl . n mes . G un st h n W . 1 o . S . f B Genes/on . o . , , 3 m rewood 3 c ,

Genes/one Guns tone 1 . uns/on . s , ; 4 c G The gen . points to CRA S EEE Y HA EES 7 1

. 11 Gen nor Gun a e was a . n . but o a p . Neither lon p , b th formed preﬁxes to many names of which Gen or Gun may

Gun nr was an O . . a u be a short form . N n me introd ced

un m ur a in the 1 0 c an d G ay here represent it . O f mily

a . n ame Gunn is prob bly 0 . N

n r i h H n h R H aden Hil l Hade C ss H ad e . , o , g , , in owley

R . . u a a a a egis, 4 m SE of D dley , t kes its n me from f mily of

a Ha v R R 1 1 and repute n med den , li ing in owley egis in 4 7 ,

a probably long before . Their descend nts still live in the neighbo urhood . W N . . 1 O de d H al f r d h . 2 . l or e o , , m of Stourbridge 343 f

a S ta enhull . a a u w (juxt p ) This pl ce is ne r the Sto r river , here it is crossed by an ancient road from Shropshire (and Wo l verhamton at H K W p uniting imley) to idderminster, orcester ,

an d the la a . South . The form exp ins the me ning

h . a a . . H l H al es . . a es P 1 , , 3 m E of M rket Dr yton D ( ) 3 Ha Ha les an d Hale s are a an d 1 Ha le les. 4 c . , plur l forms

hea lh w . . a a as a w of of , hich A S diction ries tre t ord doubtful ’ a or s a a me ning, mi construe ; but reference to the ch rters ’ a u a a a o r a a and le ves no do bt th t it me ns me dow p sture l nd ,

halh s mann . o t . Strat . ( M E under , interpre s it In ‘ medi aeval deeds i n le Hale o r in Hales (me aning in the a a are a me dow, or me dows) common forms ; hence our f mily

n a Ha Ha an d the n u . a Ha Ha mes le , les , umero s pl n mes le , les , W Ha . Ha Hal a Ha . s ile, iles lesowen , in orcestershire , in D is ‘ a correct plural form o f healh ; an d there the Leasowes - h A . l ceswe a a t e ( . S , me dow l nd), the residence of poet Shen

a a o f a . O a stone , repe ts the me ning the loc lity wen is

a a a v Ha medi ev l ddition gi en to distinguish it from other les , and bec ause the m anor was given by Henry II to his sister

a on her a a a a Ow Emm , m rri ge with D vid p en , Prince of North

W n w a an d so O . . a s les , their en succeeded them Some pl n me

‘ ’ Ha fﬁ a - i -Ha B -i a as a . h r h h ve les su x , e . g Dr yton les, e ton

- Ha ff Ha & c . les , Sheri les, 7 2 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

W Ha mer wiche S Li hﬁ l . mmerw i c h 111 . . c e d. Ha , 3 of D ;

e iche H merwich T he 1 2 Ha mer wich Hamrw 1 . o . C . , ; 3 c

wic wich a v la . . . a a . . . . termin l is pl inly A S , M E , il ge A S ‘ ho mer ho mer homer a a a ha , , , me ns h mmer ; but mmer ’ village is a very unsatisfactory interpretation . I think

n Homa an d Ho me a . . . the preﬁx represents A S . p n ’ a and a as H a or Ha a were p . n mes , I should re d this om m s

a vill ge .

Ha s . aff u a of a . mp , river, NE St ordshire , trib t ry the M nifold

av no t an a o f I h e met with y e rly forms this name . I think it ’ n d a a ur o f . E . a o v a is M , prob bly rel ted to erb h mper, some ‘ the a o f w are a a me nings hich to ent ngle , restr in , clog , hold ’ & h f a a c . T e o a b ck , fetter, sh ckle , origin the word h mper is

and a a a 1 0 unknown , it ﬁrst occurs in our l ngu ge circ 35 , when it as hamr e ha mr es ha mr is w c is found p , p , p , forms hi h might

‘ ’ Ha a a . a re dily p ss into mps The n me , if my suggestion is ul all of a right, wo d be in usion to the eccentricity the stre m ,

a a a a and a a which tot lly dis ppe rs into the e rth rises g in, like its

a twin the M nifold . V. Dove .

Ha stal l R i w e R d ar e . a Ha a m , idw re ( mst ll) . H ste h a NW f B a . H a ad . 111 o m , , in ndsworth , 3 . . irmingh m

1 Hamstede Hamstede Hamstid hdm-stede 4 c . , p , . A . S . , home

a W u it and u ste d . hen p is introd ced is excrescent , sho ld be r ejected .

W - - Han b u r 6 N . o f B on T 1 Haml ur i y , m . urton rent . 3 c . ,

a ml r i Ha l er i Haml e r u 1 Han l u r H m Haml r . y , , g , y ; 4 c y ,

Ha ml ur 1 0 Haml ur are a but y 43 y . These forms l te , , if we c an Ha u Hambur The ha trust them , nb ry is properly y. c nge ‘ ’ m n a a av 1 from to ppe rs to h e commenced in the 4 c .

Hean- l r z Ha W was S . nbury, in orcestershire , in A . y g, high

u Bu . e . H b rgh ( ry) ere , upon the forms , the construction ‘ ’ u but Ha ml ur h an is the home b rgh , I do not ﬁnd in y A . S . c a and a a o f m m h rter , I doubt the ccur cy the . If the

l n t we av a Heanl ur h o r shou d be hen h e pl in , the high burgh , borough . HA MMER WICH — HA N YA RD 73

H h H h NW Lichﬁeld an c an c h Hall . . . , , . , 3 m . . of M E hanche O han che an a a a a , from . F. , is occ sion l ﬁeld n me , risimng u Haun chwo od n r. T a a of . : from the sh pe the enclos re Ex . , ’ ’ w Ha n o w the a a orth . unch , common form , displ ced h nch 1 8 only in the C .

- - H n h h W n . S . o a c ur c h a 111 . , . , in Trenth m , 3 of Stoke Trent

T h . Ha n cese 1 2 6 an d 1 0 0 Han chur ch . e D . ; 9 3 , frequently D

l e A ci r . a ces . ce c . . termin represents S . ( hurch) An A S form

u a Heancir ce c wo ld prob bly be , high hurch . H NW f Li hﬁ ld. . d a cr e 1 2 . an dsacr e . . o c e Ha es , 4 m D c

Hen d sa r d c Hun esa r e. a er w e c e t . . cec , The ermin l is A S , hich

i n . a n ot a a u of a but a l o f pl n mes is me s re l nd , ﬁe d or ﬁelds

or a o f an ua Han d Hun da enclosed deﬁned l nd y q ntity. , , ’ ‘ wa a s an . n . and a as me ning hound, A . S p . , I re d this ’ u H nd s ﬁeld (or farm) .

H n r h 111 NW f B a ne r de a dsw t o . Ho swe o , 3 . . irmingh m . D ;

Hunes or th Henes or th 1 Hones r Hunnes 1 2 w w . wo th C . , ; 3 C ,

m r wor th. a . wo th a a The ter in l is A . S , f rm , property

W n Hu Hune Huna wa n . n iv s a . orth) . , , , A . S . p , g ing ’ u s Hu o r Hone was a n here ne s property ( not p . . ,

an d Hun . was the form doubtless represents There , in

‘ ’ Wa a f Honesberie now a f . o o rwickshire , D hundred , p rt

Kineton hundred .

SW - - H nf r d a t o . a . n o , in Trenth m , 3 m . of S oke Trent

1 Hone or d H n or d. Hen or d . e D . ef 4 c f , f I think these forms

n Hea r d v a a . o . a represent A S . nf , high ford The ill ge st nds o n a l a of c T hi l , ne r the foot whi h the rent is crossed by the W a N R a . gre t . o d

n l n Ha . Ha o e H anl e . 1 2 y , Potteries 33 gy ving only form , an d ha a la an a l r t t te one , y Opinion is li b e to er or. The best H n a a an . construction I c a give is th t nley represents A S . ’ Le h an Hean lea e lea u. . E a g , high ( y) An A . S . gener lly h be comes an in M. E . ff B an ard h a . . a . 1 2 2 y , . , in Tix ll , 33 m E of St ord 7

H n a Ha one ate Ha en ate 1 Ha e ate a te . nl . g g , g ey 3 c . gy , y This h 74 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

a and L Han is now represented by two f rms , Upper ower

a o n i a a an a y rd , the borders of T x ll P rk , ncient enclosure ,

a nd a on e of a The a ne r its entr nces . e rly forms look like

Ha un n da a n the e Ha una . a t Ha the . . . p n g , gen g , g of Nib

- - t v Ha one ate l L . Ha unan ea . . ungen ied g g would gi e M E g y , ’

H Haun to n . agun a s gate . V. SW rn . . a Hor el or ne H ar b e B . . o , 3 m of irmingh m D

Hor e ur n l 1 Hor el or ne 1 . l H ur ne 1 2 . or l e c ; 3 C , frequent y ; 4 c . .

. l ur n l ur ne . l er ne l our a . . ne a o The termin l is A S , , M E , , br ok , h ' . T . hdr a a e . o . . stre m preﬁx is undoubtedly A S ( ) , M E hdr her her e hoor a a i , , , , the me ning of which our diction r es ’

as a a . give ho r , ho ry , grey , old I do not dispute this inter

retatio n but a the had a o ma p , contend th t word n ther e ning ’

at a viz . a c ua ( le st in compound) , bound ry . It is ontin lly met

w h . a c ith in t ose parts of A . S ch rters whi h describe the l eun ds

a an d B of the property de lt with , never elsewhere . osworth

T a a hei r -ha th a h har an-he sel oller tr nsl tes , grey he t , , the

h az an d add hdr a n grey el ( feels obliged to with lichens l) ,

ldr an a hé r o n -stdn & W a u c . e p , the old pple tree , , grey stone ,

ha al a o n u a hé r o n -zr thie ﬁnd in c rters ( w ys bo nd ries) y (withy) , her e-w the e hor e- thor n e hdr e an d her e-ma eldr e a - y g , , p (m ple tree) , ha r e- la ne here-cr oss hea r -l aw u u hor t her e-dc , , (t m lus) , py (pit) ,

‘ oak hor e- cli ue l har a n - laah lea her e-h r ne c r ( ) , (hi l) , ( ) , y ( orne ) ,

har es/oh Warstock &c . T ac ( now ) , hese extr ts might be w a f a gre atly extended . It ould be m ni estly bsurd to translate

‘ ’ ‘ ’ r as or Hdr l eur n some of these fo ms grey , even old .

‘ ’ ( according to authority) must be translated grey brook ;

o ld was a ealdl our n e n d a if me nt the form would be , a th t is Ha . ha . Staﬁord never found in A S . c rters rborne , being in

W h a a a l shire , is divided from orcesters ire by stre m c l ed

Bournebroo k an d a a a , I submit th t the pl in me ning of the ‘ ’ W H n a a . a a u l me is bound ry brook Mr . illi m mper p b ished

an a a in Archarolo ia 1 8 2 . 0 exh ustive rticle g , 3 , p 3 , on ’ ’ H a - an d a of w H a h c o r stones, the me ning the ord o r , w i h he t ’ con ends to be boundary . The Century Dictionary trans

7 6 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PEA CE NA MES

a and v man was or s overr n the country , e ery more les a u h nter.

Ha z eleur e H l . f a ase ou r . o h 1 . , 5 m N T mwort . 3 c l 1 Hasel 6 Has l er a el A . . hcese ever e 1 e au H s or . 4 c . ; 79 or S ,

. . hasel ha z el az an d . . e er o r e a a a M E , , h el , A S f , f , b nk, m rgin ’ o f a r l - h az was ( a stre m o hi l side) t e h el bank . There no

u A S . r . . u in , f pe forming its f nctions

th W H n/h r n dun Ha n . N f a a e o ert 2 . o C . 6 o , m nnock 99 g

Har edone Ha d n er d Hather done. . 1 . ther e e Heth on D g ; 3 c , , This is an illustration of the value of e arly forms : without

o f 6 a a Ha athor n the record 99 we should be led str y . g is

A . . a and ha en en . a av S for h wthorn , g is the g , so th t we h e , ’ v y a a o f a . er ccur tely , the hill the h wthorn

Ha t H h re a t att n s T e . a on , o ( ) These common n mes in the a but as are a a o r Midl nds ; , they gener lly single homeste ds,

a is a a can a A . . o . h mlets , it r rely th t they be tr ced to S ro ts

B 1 an d 1 0 had Ha but y the 3 4 . they become tton , when

v has e av a a . . e er I h e been ble to tr ce them , the A S form b en

Hcethtun a Haﬁth eld has Ha , he th town . So f become tﬁeld ;

Hw/hleah Ha Harl e and Hcethdun a , dleigh or y (he thy hill ),

Ha Ha ddon or tton .

H SW f ff Ha l/one 1 2 h a . . a t n . . o . u g o , 4 m St ord D ; c

ht a le/one H l e ten e Halecton 1 . Ha li n ton Halec one H a ; 3 C g , , , g ,

h . uchtone 1 Hal eu /on . . Hal ; 4 c . gh The root of t is is A S

f uch healh o c ha lch ha lech . hal , whi h , ( pr something like )

are . . . are a c M E forms All the forms corruptions , or di le tic

f halch Ha a c 11 Ha o . . . forms , ughton is ommon pl lloughton

‘ is l a o f o a n the on y nother form it , b th me ni g town in the ’ H V. a meadows . les . w h . amvill 111 . a H aun t on C C e . . , , in lifton , 4 NE of T m orth

Ha n n 1 a h n e n Ha n neton A n n ton 2 atu . H e te e 9 4 g ; 3 c g , , .

H e w . Ha an a a n a Ha una Ha en a a as an . g , g , g , g , ( v ri nts) A S h w . T a va a . e a a p n origin l form , t king the l st ri nt , ould be ’ Ha en an -thu a E Ha ene- tun Ha g , p ssing , in M . . , to g , gene s town , H e tw v w av h . V. an ard g b een o els h ing t e sound of y y . HA S ELO UR— HEI GHLE Y CA S TLE 7 7

Hawk b ac h an a t a o n , ncien homeste d in Upper Arley ,

W h l e~ v N . u el ache H 2 B . 1 Ha o w Se ern, m . . of ewdley 4 c ,

l a che e h w . a ho o . au e a whe a a . . h h A . S f , M . E , , h k The termin l

l ach a a an d a aff is common one in S lop , r re in St ordshire ;

Hawkba h n l eece ce ch c o . l eech is the border . It is A . S , ( ) , a va a a u it The bottom , lley with stre m thro gh . word is not i u et z A . a o n y recogni ed in S . diction r es , th ugh it is freq e tly

met a an d v y a at with in the ch rters, is per ersel tr nsl ed beech

. La a at L an d w (tree) y mon , who lived ower Arley, rote his

1 2 c . l eech l a che poems in the , frequently uses the words ,

‘ ’ a a the o f va ( ccording to the c se) , in sense lley . This is ‘ ’ a Ha a H z l che s . . a a cle rly wk v lley. The E . D recogni es

’ ‘ ’ f f a r vu o u a va o a o t. origin doubtf l , me ning the le stre m ri le

Hawhe w as a . n . an d M . E p . , it is possible (the forms being

only 1 4 c . ) th at the preﬁx may represent the p . n . H h W N . R . . Hai a w d G r eat . . y oo ( ) , , 5 m of ugeley D de 1 Ha wa 2 an 1 a de ﬁ d Hei ede. d . H wo I woe w ; 3 c y , y , ywood

abuts o n the ancient bounds of Cannock Forest (the Trent) . Ha w a was an d was y ood P rk within the Forest , enclosed

Lichﬁeld at a by the bishops of , who were gre l ndowners

‘ here about . The me aning of the n ame is the fenced o r w ’ l ‘ ’ ha a an . G a a enclosed ood (A . S . g , enc osure) re t is

Ha a . . a a a L w l te M E ddition , m de , prob bly, when ittle y ood

a a t av Little Ha wode spr ng up . The e rlies record I h e of y

is in 1 432 .

f n 1 n d 1 Hedn esf r d h . 2 . . o Ca . a . o , , m NE n ock 3 4 c

H de e d d n es er d. . eaden a a s H . e n or E e . . f , f A . S p n It ppe rs in ’ H va S x H Hednesdene eoden s Ca t. a . . a ( lley) , r 5 44 ensh w , ’ Ha was a w Hednes-ha l h Heo den s in ltwhistle , nciently ritten g (

- B a wa a a . a a e a t me dow l nd) An ncient ro d , I b lieve ritish r ck y L C a u H and from ondon to hester, p sses thro gh ednesford , ’ v a fords a stream in the middle of the old ill ge . W ~ B ei h l e Hel e h Castl e 111 . . a g y (or g ) , 4; of Newc stle

- Hell Hele h. Heolla 1 . L . . under yme D ; 3 c qy , g Nothing

c an be m ade of these forms in A . S . I think the root is 78 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PEA CE NA MES

W h el he la w Heol - - i nt Wa . e o u a a a . w , , ro d , y y g is the Milky y.

has I f this assignment is c orrect D . done extremely well with

W H lei h not a a to ua n n a . e o a . root g does ppe r be sit te y ’ ‘ Ro a wa is u o r a a m n y, but it pon , close to , thoroughf re

r ad . a and all a o from the SE to N ntwich , s lt towns were

anciently the centres of considerable trafﬁc .

Hex t on s E x to n s a and a or , homeste d f rm in Upper Arley ,

B . 1 2 eh t n e / n . o f 2 H s a e 1 2 H x e 1 . 3 m . N ewdley 7 ; 95 ; 4 c

Hehs/ane Hex /o ne Heesten Hex ton Heeste n . . , , , , . This is A S

d . hcecce . c h haze . . he he hacche &c . a a an . , gen , M E , , , , h tch , A S

— a Ha ha v a stan . s a , stone the h tch stone tch rious me nings ,

the a o f a a w a a a . lower p rt divided door, icket g te , ﬂood g te

a a an a ﬁsh The word is lso pplied to instrument for c tching ,

a o f a c -w a a and as m de in the form l tti e ork or gr ting , Extons

S v i s close to the e ern the word may be used in that sense .

a av a a a of He eston Ex sto n o r The pl ce g e n me to f mily gg , ,

as va l On e o f the Hexton ( they rious y spelt themselves) .

Hexto n s was a B a an d 1 8 av Hexto ns ristol merch nt , in 4 5 g e

u f W - n - to the Collegiate Ch rch o estbury o Trym . They

1 a a f a parted with it in 1 5 0 . Though this is pl ce o sm ll i a a u a o f wa w c mport nce , it is good ill str tion the y in hi h

l n a and a a are u u l d p . mes f mily n mes b ilt p. Excel ent grin le ” are du a ua at Hexton s and stones g out of q rry , when ﬁrst

a u 1 6 8 0 a a the u discovered ( bo t ) proved gre t beneﬁt to co ntry,

a as n o w u a which bounded then , it does , with numero s m nu

a urers who ha w l f ct in iron , , before t t time , ere ob iged to proc ure their grindle - sto nes from Derbyshire and other dis

a a Of a a a a o f a t nt p rts . l te ye rs sever l qu rries the s me kind of stone have been fou nd in this neighbourho od (Upper a H - are n ow Arley) , so th t the exton grindle stones not so ’ ’

u s u a a W . A . . m ch o ght fter (N sh s orcestershire , ii pp I) ( This was written by Bishop Lyttelton o f Carlisle about the ll d l o f the 1 8 . Ex ta V. mi d e c ) . H ﬁ e . Hi h Of ﬂ e e . Of g y , y ( igh) H Hi h 0 1m nn . g , O ( igh)

80 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

ﬁ l . Hznl u Li h e d . es 1 . Hi n ts 6 . c c , m SE . of D ; 3 , freq ently ,

' W z n l h H n/es a Hzn /s T l a wa a . T e y ; l ter . his is . y , y, ro d H ’ v lla Wa T is . a Ca i ge lies on tling Street . here ints in in

m . L l w ha . , 3 m E of ud o .

ff Hus/ed rz Hi x n . . a o e 1 o , 53 m NE of St ord . D . ; 3 c .

Hun /e durz ub/esdon Hucsledon Huccesdon Huncesdon s . H , , , , ' Hun/esdon Hu lzcesdon 1 Hu lzcesdorz 1 6 Hicks/on , g ; 4 c . g ; c .

’ ’ o/Izerwzse Hzx e/on a a . aki n a l . The termin l is cle rly A S . , hi l ,

and a . i Hucl r ed o r a a the preﬁx p . n l ke , some guttur l n me

clz H a a o va l with in it. ixon st nds on hill , b rdering the l ey

h l u v u f a of the Trent . T is n ame i l strates the al e o e rly forms an d T a z z the folly of guess by modern form s . ( his is pu le .

S an d o ne u Han er/es aki n . ome forms , the modern , s ggest g

W H Hink f rd V. s o . . . S . ) ' H ar Cr s 1 0 f Li ﬁ 1 2 6 2 L a Cr oz z o eh eld. o os , m . NE . ; 1 2 6 7 Or cr oss ; 1 2 48 Har ccr es ; 1 2 6 8 Hor ecr os ; 1 5 1 3 l or ecr ose was a set u a . It custom to p crosses to m rk the limits

l z an a r . a of est te o m anor . Needwood Forest (temp E i beth) was a a u a c divided into four w rds or b iliwicks , Tutb ry, M r hing to n all and Ba a a , Yox , rton . According to the per mbul tions

a all the wards met at Hoar Cross . The meaning is bound ry ’ H V. a cross . rborne . H l A W l H b H b s e H b s H l n r. a s o o , ldridge o o e , i lenh ll o W H l e . Hob a f r an . . o a o , ednesbury is M E word sprite , elf,

Ho e h l w r a l a . l . a a o hobgoblin in M . E me ns o lo , dingle , sm l va Hob and P ouke av a a H ll lley. h e the s me me ning ; Pouke i . W l H l b ea c h a Hi . o f o , homeste d in mley, 5 m S . o ver

a . 1 0 0 an d 1 2 Hol e ac S 1101 . l b lze . lzo e h mpton 3 3 7 . A . , M . E ,

l an b be a va l — a d . wch . bac hol ow, A S . , M E . , l ey the hollow

va Hawk a h H l a was o f (or deep) lley b c ) . o be ch the scene the death an d capture o f some o f the conspirators in the G un powder Plot .

H r ol l i n h . f h . Ho / n t n o C a 1 . n o g o , , 4 m . SE . e dle 3 c b g .

Ito/en e — . bol n lzollm1105 21 A S . , g , M . E . , , the holly (tree) the w to n in the hollies Ton) . HIN TS — HUN TING TON 8 1

H H a na an d o o Th e o e Th e . ( ) , ( ) T his is common me ,

are v a a in af r a there se er l ex mples of it St fordshi e , gener lly

l boo a or a . 1107 1 h m ets single homeste ds. It is A S . , M . E . ,

a hill .

H w 2 W H e e wa . as . of a . 1 1 o s op , m . T mworth c . p ; D

O ewa v n d s 1 2 Ho was bo . bo e a a a p ; c . p . A . S . p , M E . p , lley ,

A - H wave c a . a . . wa s O e wws a a o S , ( lder, g ) , sw mp, m rsh pw s a va at o f a an d lies in the T me lley, the foot ridge , much o f a a o f a it is li ble to ﬂood . The me ning the n me is

‘ ’ a v wa s]: a a a . . a subst nti lly the m rshy lley In Mod E . is

a of u a sea a v piece gro nd w shed by the or ri er , sometimes

o verﬂo wed an d a a a a &c , sometimes dry , mor ss , m rsh , .

V. a Alrew s .

H Bu -o n - 1 r n in l w h 2 . o g o , . , m . N . of rton Trent . 3 c H ' ' or mn l ow Hor mn lawe T he a . g , g , frequently. termin l is A . S bl l - w L . H r n ew } l awe low a a 71 . o o , M . E . , , buri mound ( ) is

a Homin was a n . and a recorded A . S . p . , prob bly g one lso ,

' as a t u as Hor mn adm in ch rters we mee with s ch forms g ,

’ ' ' ' ' f f or mn dz m mn a Hor mn a mwr e Hor mn eseze &c Hor . g , gg , g g ,

‘ ’ I a as H u ia - ou u it ma re d this orning s b r l m nd , tho gh y be

th at the ing is p atronymic o r possessive .

Hou n dh il l an a a a , ncient est te in M rchington , 5 m . SE .

Hunk ] Ho n mi 1 Hunb le a / l 1 . of Uttoxeter . 3 c . y , y , g ; 4 c

n l T h a . ] Howenbull Houn bull Hou bu . e b , , termin l is A . S y ,

lzull a . M . E . , hill The preﬁx in the forms is confused ; but

b n a . . lzun d ba nd o d a u it prob bly represents A S , M . E . , , ho nd ; i but Hand Hunda w s an . . n and t a . then , , A S . p , is more

a a was n a a a man a a do likely th t the pl ce med fter th n g, H l f H u oun dhi l la t o . tho gh y in the Fores Needwood ounslow , ’ n r L Hun desblcew Hu u a - o was . . ond n , in A . S , nd s b ri l mound .

Ha nd a . n as it a There doubtless represents p . , is improb ble

‘ ’ a l w o r a a a th t a o would be raised over n med fter dog . H Ho enlzull and Howen bull u . . o a ( The forms g s ggest the p n g , ’ ‘ the t W H pruden . . . S . )

H n ti n t n 2 Ca . 1 2 6 2 Hunl zh don u g o , m . N . of nnock g ; G 8 2 5 TA FF ORDSHIRE PLA CE NA MES

2 1 Hunt ndon n bu /a . 1 and 1 0 0 and a . . 7 3 , l ter, y A . S , gen ’ bunl an a u an d ddrz a h — l but , h nter , , ill the hunter s hi l ;

' Hunl a an un n a and w are f d H l z . e . g were p n mes , le t in doubt

H was a a a t Ca untington h mlet in the he r of nnock Forest ,

a nd a v a a u fﬁ a ery likely pl ce for h nter , or forest o ci l , to live

a a an d a in . There is disused mo ted site here , nciently there

was a a o f c as C a ch pel , the site whi h is still known h pel

Field .

H h n t W d e T e a a a 1 111 S . B y ( ) , ncient est e , . of rewood .

A a H de A bid bide not a a a u o r lw ys y . . S . , , did me n me s re

ua a an a a a l as ﬁxed q ntity of l nd , but est te or f rm ; origin l y ’ u la as u u o ne a c a l a m ch nd wo ld s pport f mily, ne ess ri y ﬂexible

a This s a . to qu ntity e t te belonged , from remote times, the La B n ow K B nes of entley, of ings romley .

R w an I c kni el d S tr eet a a . d . , om n y, running N S through

o f G uc W Wa c S aff the counties lo ester, orcester , rwi k , t ord ,

’ ' nd A d r e alem a muae u l 1 2 0 . voca/ r I bmbz de a Derby . g w g

' ' ' si r e/e S i m/a mr eg zamguae appella /ur Yben ild z 'za r eg za ' 'b ' b vel l o zcn elde l r e 1 R z el z n e sl r ete . R en R s f e ; 3 c . g ; 1 4 c y

ids/r edo the a ac a a y ( bove extr ts , except the ﬁrst , rel te to p rts

o f a t Lichﬁeld and 1 l e S l an wa the ro d be ween Derby) ; 3 e. y

’ a o a a f or R a a Ybemlde si r ef ( common l c l n me om n ro ds) ; ,

’ Ybenbzlde sl r et a the S a h these rel te to street in henstone p ris .

’ I th a v I n a e n a . ce bzlde. t ke me to h e been in A . S This Ick ’ nield Street appe ars to join the Foss Way (Exeter to

L via Ba C -o n -the- W H incoln , th , irencester, Stow old , igh

W - - S . n th C Le s and a . o e ross, ice ter, New rk) 3 m of Stow W . a o r a a a C old It is pl in , tr ce bl e , northw rd s to hesterﬁeld ,

in The a c ma n o a . Derbyshire . Ordn n e p shows further tr ce

a u a a 2 . o f If m de f rther the street should p ss bout m E .

Sh fﬁ but to u a was e eld, there is nothing j stify the belief th t it

ma a t continued . It y h ve been in ended to join the Ermine

n r a but C a Street . Pontefr ct, from hesterﬁeld to Pontefr ct is ma av r NE a t 0 . w t t a . bou 4 m i hou sign . The ro d y h e tu ned

8 TA FFORDS H R PLA C NA M S 4. S I E E E

Hz lumI luml l l unz 1 110 72. . . b ll um at l d . , , y , In A S y is the

l l n a a th . b ] a l a d e a at p of y , hi , the pl in me ning of n me is the ’ l “ an d h . T he h a a . La a il s ole m nor is hill d le neh m , in

‘ ’ was La n um at a Ha a was Notts , , the l nes ; l m , in Notts ,

s aa/ Hal u mat . , the hill

a f Gasl r aon n estr e . . . . 1 I g , 4 m NE of St f ord D ; 3 c .

’ [n asf r a Yn a I n as. r a un d I n er/r an t sl r a. H g , g , g (frequently), g ere

be u at sea an d D . seems to q ite , though the river Trent

ou a h a an a b nds the m nor , I do not t ink it pl ys y p rt in the

I n I a w a n as an . . . n . present form of the n me . g , g , A S p ,

A . an d a {r e u . Ir aow tr ao the termin l do btless represents S , , ’ f r aa l r a a a au was M . E . , , tree ; perh ps bec se Ing s property

u a l o r au e he a . bo nded by some not b e tree , bec s lived ne r one

t d n r un S . I n a s/r a a d an /. do o reject the termin ls I A . ' ' d /r n d z ntar al za a str a n . s o a a , M E . , me nt ( ) the shore or b nk f v a the a was an l o a ri er . It is possible th t n me in unsett ed ’ ’ a a a d st te , hovering for time between Inge s str n , Inge s ’ an d but can trent , Inge s tree ; of the preﬁx there be no do ubt

W / n N a 1 2 . Y a a 1 s f C . s . I t n es 111 . o p o , 5 . he dle c pp ; 3 c

I as na n [ n s Th / a m/o e . e a s ly Y s/a as 1 . pp frequent , pp ; 4 c pp

a A . sto nes . a . . termin l is S . , stones The preﬁx is prob bly A S

a a a - out la - ypp , r ised , or look p ce the look out stone or stones

a an d a al . (the ﬁrst form being singul r, the l ter forms plur ) Places are not uncommonly n amed from their comm anding sit uations an d being resorted to as look - out pl aces in time

W H W m Y a n war. . . of co be sl a of Ibstone , 9 m igh y , is p in

W B . N . 1 . a I v etsi e Ban k h. . Ov , , 4 m of rewood 3 c }

' ‘ Ov ba l arba bo/as b a Oval /s ba Uvai sba 1 . l Ovzo/as qy , y , y ; 4 c y y , Th b ba [ ii / a l al/sba . e a a a ba 1 . v s v y ; 7 7 c y , y termin l y , y ,

a a u Ha . me ns hedge , enclos re y) The preﬁx represents ' he W C t . . n U a aal . A S p . . j g ith the onquest f commonly a v an d u U a aat u bec me , , the g being so nded y , f g wo ld yield the u ea of a t forms q oted . The m ning the n me is herefore INGES THE— KING ’ S S TA NDING 8 5

’ ’ Ufe eat s ha the o f K a g y. Down to time ing John the loc lity

was B c a ff . E n in rewood Forest , whi h John dis orested closure w ould then set in ; but even two centuries ago the ' n hiﬂ n al was a country between Brewood a d S mostly w ste .

The a w a of a a h mlet , hich consists princip lly noted ro dside

‘ ’ o n Wa a on a ll Ba i nn tling Street , st nds hi , hence nk ;

a a a a i U aat a a but th t is l te dd tion . ﬁ g is only l te form

' o f Wul a U al T he a a a . as l zat and jg . n me ppe rs in D j

D 1 N . 2 . Ki K eel e SW a . o t el , 3 m . . of Newc stle in ; c

A S . an can a of . d frequently . Nothing be m de this in ,

W ll t ea l cili a . I Ce . ( a G a ll think it must be ltic . , I . , ,

a z k Ke /l Kill a a to a o r ( ) , M . g , , me n cell belonging hermit

a a a u h . a al mon stery, sm ll ch rc In Irel nd, where sm l churches a K d 2 0 0 0 l . a la Kaal boun ed , over p n mes commence y , o r K il T he Celts probably borrowed the word from

L calla a a a n ot a a to 0 . N . ( h rd) . The n me does ppe r be . ,

kir k u K a a . in which ch rch . elm rsh , North mptonshire, in D

il nzar sa K L and K Lin Ka . . is ; eelby, N incolnshire, elby, S

ol n hir r b l bi ab b . av c s e . a e C a a , in D ( ) These preﬁxes h e

a an d a as K Cf . al doubtless the s me root me ning eele . so ’ K 2 h eel ( ) in Montgomerys ire . K Ki n s Br ml e v B . g o y , . romley ( ings)

Cbin eslai z b i n l 2 . a . b K s e . C . a g y , § m NE of he dle D g ( )

' / 1 [( n asl . . c nzn n ain en . ain as 3 c . y gg ay A . S y g , g g , g (g g ) , ’ n K a au a a d l . lea ay (q the ing s ; prob bly bec se the m nor,

o r a o f l at the C . C n p rt it , be onged some time to rown y g ’ w n ‘ w nd as an . . n C a a as a not A S p . . , but y , roy l , bold , , l formed the preﬁx to m any compound n ames . King on y

a a 1 bec me a f mily n ame about the 3 c . Ki n ’ s S tan di n a l on Ba C g g, tumu us Perry rr ommon ,

W f l fiel . an d C a o f S . o S Co d d 3 m . utton The Forest h se ’ S u l K a a a l tton Co dfield says ( p . ing s St nding is sm l a a u s rtifici l mo nd , reputed to be the po ition occupied by 86 S TA FF OR DS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

Charles I when re viewing troops brought Up by the Staff ord H oh Oc 1 6 1 6 2 . e was shire gentry , tober , 4 then on his ’ wa to a a v at Ha y Meriden , from two d ys isit Aston ll , ’ n u o C a a a d contin ed his j urney by the hester ro d . Sh w ' f 1 K a H a . ( istory of St fordshire , i 7 ) describes ing s St nding

‘ as a little artiﬁci al mo unt where Charles I is said to h ave stood when he h arangued the troops he brought out of i w ’ h v r . W m. S at a . hrops ire the beginning of the ci l Mr Fowler , H ‘ his a o . a : in p mphlet , istory of Erdingt n , p 7 , s ys In

1 6 2 Cha a at A Hal 1 6 4 rles st yed ( ston l) two nights , the th an d 1 7th October ; an d on the 1 8 th reviewed the troops on the waste l and near Sutton Park at the spot still c alled

’ ’ u a o f the King s Standing . Unfort n tely none these writers

an au h fo r a We a give y t ority their st tements . know th t

Cha l I was at B O 1 1 6 2 an d at r es ridgnorth on ctober 4, 4 ,

d h 2 rd so ma c an d am E ge ill on the 3 , it y be corre t, I not ’ a ware that the locality was known as King s Standing before

1 But u a u h was 6 42 . it is nlikely th t the mo nd now t ere

u u a thrown p for the p rpose mentioned . It is doubtless pre

u u ma av l z C a . historic t mul s , though it y h e been uti i ed by h rles

o n an o n Coldﬁeld wi two u It lies eminence the , thin h ndred

a o f Icknield S now and f a y rds the treet ( enclosed e f ced) ,

n a f C u a d a thousand y rds o the hester road . The mo nd

a w a an d is bout t enty feet in di meter , ﬁve feet high in the c an d and a entre , is enclosed with iron hurdles pl nted with young trees.

K i n swi n f r d 1 0 . Swin or d 1 0 2 S win or d g o . c f ; 3 f ; D .

in s or d 1 2 . uzna r d h S u a S s o . I . swin f ; c f think t is is A S . , ’ — h a la n swine t e swine s ford . The m nor y o the borders o f K a a o f was inver Forest , where the p stur ge swine of impor

. S a an z wa u a w s a . a t nce g (g y ) p n . introd ced by the D nes .

S wan S ui n Swain S uian &c . but as a a It is spelt , , , , , , it ppe rs

l a the 1 0 a a u h a on y fter c nnot h ve inﬂ enced t is n me . ’ Kings is a mediaeval addition to distinguish it from other

Swin fords a a a t d a t of D . an , it being roy l m nor the ime ,

88 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PLA CE NA MES

H W K W an . a a S . n mes) , two miles of inver, in olverley m or lf t Ca H l a a a E . w a o mile , here the ro d stle i l crosses stre m ,

n ld a all K c a a o f is a o homeste d c ed ingsford , whi h in ch rter ’ mma d a 6 a a as ca or . 9 4 ppe rs g f , the king s ford In the s me

c a an d a a a o f 8 66 a W l h rter , lso in ch rter rel ting to o verley ,

’ da a lac as Cu/br e s tr eow Cuthrcd s . p e is mentioned , tree a a Cuthred K the W a I think it prob ble th t , ing of est S xons ,

— 6 K v n r 0 . C a a a 7 4 5 , is here referred to in er ( y ef ) me ns ‘ ’ ’ a l the K a liter l y ing s highw y .

h W lin Kn av es Castl e a a t e . at , sm ll tumulus on S side of g

B 111 SW Li hﬁeld 1 0 a lac e c . 1 Street, rownhills , 5 . . of 3 c . p w called Cnaven casl la ; afterwards Kna ves Car/l a. E arth orks ’ an d u are a a . . cn a a tum li commonly c lled c stle . This is A S f

dat cnc an cnave bna ve a a va . ( . y ) , M . E . , , boy, ser nt The ‘ meaning of the n ame therefore is the burial - mound of the ’ ‘ va . a boy (or ser nt In M E . b oy is frequently termed ’ ’ knave - child ; male servants were commonly called kn aves ; ’ the knave in cards is only the queen s page ; rogue is q uite

he u a a a . T a modern me ning t mulus is now lmost obliter ted ,

v and is enclosed in a garden . Sixty years ago it was ery

a . B of L a . . o f pl in y the side the ondon ro d , si m SE i h C a u u Kn tl w S . cni l a o . . b oventry, is tum l s c lled g In A an d cna e a a bo o r a Kn i htlow has f both me nt y serv nt . g

h c a a as K av Ca V t erefore pre isely the s me me ning n es stle . .

Knightley.

K n i h tl e h. G a SW Staﬂord g y, , in nos ll , 5 m . . of . D .

i n l f Cben sl lei 1 K bl e e. . cn ibl ; 4 c . yg g The preﬁx is A S . ,

i bn bi t n . cn a d . . va . . a O M E . , n , boy, ser nt D F scribes ‘ ‘ A . cn and cn ibt c henist wrote . S chen In A . S . cn s and cn a e w v K a Ca f ere synonyms ( . n ves stle) . After the C cn ibl bn t a to a a a man -at onquest , n , c me me n lso a ma an d a a man o f a n r s , soldier ; l ter, gentle birth tr i ed to

a . a a . we ma rms As the n me here is cle rly of A S . origin, y ‘ ’ ’ u K lea Le we t constr e it the night s y) , yet mus remember ’ a a t a bo o r va th t knight me n y ser nt . KNA VES CA S TLE— KN YPERS LE Y 89

Kni h o h n SW f ha t n . a o g , , in Adb sto , 5 § m . . Eccles ll . i h n W l h l n Mu k st n . N . o a K t h c le o f . g o , . , in , 7 § m Ecc es l

a o n e 1 1 Kn /on - in - le- Hales and I h ve only form , in 34 , n , do w a H is E and not know to hich pl ce it refers . ere the form M . . , ’ ’ ’ ‘ the a ma va w o r the me ning y be the boy s (or ser nt s) to n , ’ ’

l . a a a . so dier s town The prob bility is th t the n me is of A . S

and so a a t origin , , if , the l tter me ning mus be excluded ‘ n i h l I n l b K t e . a a les a a w v Ha g y) me ns in the me do s ( . les) .

‘ ’ By the time of Wycliff e knight had come to me an a man

‘ at-a B v Thann a . . 2 a : e rms ; his ible M tt xx ii 7 , s ys kn i htis o f ustise hesus - a an d g the j token j in the moot h lle , ’ aderiden a all o a f kn i htes g (g thered) to him the c mp ny o g .

a K are v an d Pl . n mes commencing night ery common , their constructio n is always open to the diﬂi culty th at Gnibt was

an . . . n . u a a ne . A S p , tho gh r re o

Kn wl a fo r a . o . A common n me outlying homeste ds in NE

aff bu a u . t . St ordshire , r re in the S . of the co nty It is A . S

en oll . knol or of a l a a , M E . , the top crown hil , gener lly gently

h ll o r a a a t. a rounded i moun The n me is r rely m nori l , but

w n ll . t o C o e D records in Dorsetshire . W f K n wl L n old a edn esﬁeld 111 . . o o ( o g) , f rm , , 3 NE W l K ] a . 1 . [a n olle V. . o verh mpton 3 c K . now

t n h 1 mNW a - - L Kn u t . . of . o , , . Newc stle under yme D .

l l one / n n n d not/on C o 1 . Cn o o C oi/o an K . ; 3 c , , frequently

A cn a u as a . D . bl nders , usu l , over the . S . The termin l is

n b l / a a Ion . c oti a n o e , town A . S , M . E . , me ns knot ; but it is difﬁcult to suppose the n ame has reference to that f he a . C a as on e o t me ning The entury Diction ry gives,

‘ d u o a o f bn of a . o bt me nings , rocky summit (Prov I ’ K v had a W a we if nutton e er rocky summit . In estmorel nd

av a ta a Hardbnot an d a na a h e moun in n med , pl ces med Sc ld

ma ha cnot Kn ot an d School Knot. It y be t t represents the

Cn ul v s a . K I ak p . n . , but the possessi e is l cking nutsford t e ' n to be C ut s ford . B h . f 1 Kn er l o . s e . . yp y , . , 3 m N Abbots romley 3 c 90 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PLA CE NA MES

Kn r l i /e m as K er s e. I a a a a jp ey frequently , wp y un ble to tr nsl te K . l r a s a . n can a nyp The possessive points to p . , which h rd y h f Cna a t e a o . a be p , ne rest recorded forms The termin l is

‘ ’ lea a u - a v Le , p st re l nd ( . y) .

W NW W . n h . G a . a a L a d w ood . y , , in re t yrley, 5 m of ls ll

I av a an d a . . h e no e rly forms, ssume the M E form would " ’ aun d 2 tb oda It wa w l a be L w . s ithin the imits of C nnock

and 1 an d 1 c as Forest , in the 3 4 . , the Forest records show ,

a was w a a w r an d a . the loc lity ild l nd , bounding ith dee g me d aun de . w nd aun a L a . O . . l a e l is M E ord (derived from F , ) ,

f . w an d . wn as is the root o Mod E l a . Its original meaning a a o r u an a w pl in sprinkled with trees b sh , open sp ce bet een w a a a a a oods , forest gl de . Sh kespe re s ys

’ Un der h s h c - ro wn b ra e e l l shro ud o ursel es t i t i k g k w v , ’ F o r throu h hts l a u n d n n t d r Wi ll m g t a o he ee co e.

W f a 1 2 L a l e . S o . . L alie . p y , 4 m . Penkridge D p ; c

La eli a L a a . Le a Lo e has a . S . p , pp ly p or p no me ning in A — ’ h S . Hl a a Hla s t e . a I think preﬁx represents the A . p n . pp pp L . W . l ea v Le . a a w was . ( y) pworth , in r ickshire, in A S ’ Hla a s Hl a a wur /b a . pp , pp f rm h r f r d a l SW of a . L ath e o 111 . C , h in S reshi l , 4 . nnock

1 8 odr es or d Loddef or d Th a n b L . e . o a 35 f , j h is situ te y

wa a . l oddar e l odr e a y there crossed by brook In A . S . , , me ns ’ a a and ma be a a B a but begg r, this y tr nsl ted egg r s ford ;

l ba a w n lba e a Lo/ r a A . n a Hlo r s a . . . n a d ( ter ) S p , I think th t

c u i as d and 1b so onstr ction qu te likely, being frequently

a a ha interch nged . At the s me time we ﬁnd i n A . S . c rters

L oddar a baor b L odder e- lacu Lodder a - s/r wl Ladder /bor n , , , ,

’ Lodr aswei w c u a a B a - l - a , hi h m st be tr nsl ted egg r s hi l, l ke (or - - - wa brook) , street , thorn , y.

Lac 1 2 . ac k . L b 1 L e e . 0 . Lake Lab D ; c , frequently ; 3 , ,

Lac . can a Nothing sensible be m de of these forms in A . S . I think Leek possessed its name before the S axons came

9 2 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

The Corporation seal represents three sl ain kings lyin g o n a as ﬁeld . Absurd etymologies were plentiful three or four

u a o as an d e cent ries g now , were freely endors d by public

B a a a as a o f a o f a n d . a bodies erne dopts be r p rt its co t rms ,

C a a a v a u the a the orpor tion m int ins li ing be rs , nder ssumption

a a a a a beer en w th t the n me me ns be r ( ) , hen , in truth , it is

B er n Ber nan a a - But a are a , , dr g net . then be rs more rom ntic ,

f a a and o . stories them more exp nsive, th n ﬁshing nets Antwerp has an absurd legend about a giant who c ut o ff

’ a a and a merch nts h nds threw them into the river ; the n me , it was u a c the u a a s pposed , s n tioning story , tho gh it re lly me ns

‘ ’ opposite the embankment ; yet m unicip al an d religious

a a H o f a customs perpetu te the old f ble ist . N mes , by ‘ Mordac ue u . iv. 6 6 a : Lecba q , ii . St keley (Itin ) s ys

a a a a as Lea h signiﬁes w tery pl ce subject to inund tions , c , a n r B a Laebe town . oston before mentioned , nciently written , as Ca a of a an d Lichﬁeld mden s ys Northle ch , hence fetches its

a at v u etymology from the m rshy bog th en irons the ch rch , ’ a a u S a r ther th n the superstitio s notion there current . h w H ‘ of aff . 2 1 a : has ( istory St ordshire , i 3 ) s ys The city its a a a an d a n me from its w tery situ tion, undoubtedly in note

‘ Licci an a to a or v a wi , in S xon , signiﬁes w ter , co er l nd th

a l ace l ac lice licb l ace a a w ter, whence comes , , , , , by us c lled l ke , f th ’ fo r the S axons were not fond o e letter b. (They did not use H B a a a it . ) Mr. enry r dley , philologist of the highest r nk , D w a for and an H. editor of the E . . , rites in the Ac demy

d N v Li hﬁ l Oct. 0 1 8 8 6 an o . 1 8 8 a c e d 3 , , 9, 9 , rticles identifying

a aer Luil coet Nen n ius an d a Caer Lw d with C mentioned by , y g oad mentioned in an ancient Welsh poem entitled Marwnad ’ C ndd lan r M v rian c a o y y , p inted in the y y Ar h eol gy. The

W w B a l a Caer Llw d correct elsh form ould, Mr . r d ey s ys , be y

‘ ’ coed a a o f but . , me ning, liter lly, city the grey wood ; Mr

B a a a a w Lichﬁeld r dley f ils ltogether to identify this pl ce ith , an d a a e v it is cle r th t the po m , though referring to e ents f a a a o c . was n w e tu the 7 , ot ritten until c n ries fterw rds, th t LICHFIELD 93

the a Powislan d w c We s was scene is l id in , of hi h l hpool a u an d ha all a are bo t the centre , t t the pl ces mentioned W B d f w the o f a . o c in les y the mid le the 7 . , hen hero

W l aff the poem lived , there were no e sh in St ordshire , W and therefore Lich ﬁeld co uld not h ave been a elsh city . By that time the S axons had occupied the country up to

m Letocetum and . Etocetu Severn , even beyond it , or ,

B a l ul all Wal as . Mr r d ey contends it sho d be c ed , is now l ,

Lichﬁeld. w and o n Wa 2 . as lies tling Street , m SE . of It

a R a c o r a an d i undoubtedly om n ity st tion , it is incred ble

a a W u a an d a ai th t elsh city co ld lie so ne r it , be m int ned

far t v u Lichﬁeld a on there in o the se enth cent ry . st nds a morass which in ancient times m ust h ave been most um

n l v T h a a d a a . e a a inviting, cert in y unculti ble c thedr l st nds

n a a o hillock in the midst of this mor ss . Though the

has cut u all u a city been p in directions for b ilding, sewer ge , and a a o f B R a w terworks purposes , no tr ces ritish or om n

u a a c v an d all l a occ p tion h ve been dis o ered , history tel s us th t

a wa s until St . Ch d settled there in the seventh century it a a a a C u a a m rsh . Nine ye rs fter the onq est, synod found th t Lichﬁeld was too mean and little for the residence o f h n w f a bis o a d . see as a C . p, before D the tr ns erred to hester

I a aw do not suggest th t Sh or Stukeley, though most

t a ua are a o n . a diligen ntiq ries , uthorities pl n mes, but they

‘ ’ had a I a Li hﬁeld is both loc l knowledge . suggest th t c

. o n e u a a is an d entirely A . S no will disp te th t the termin l ,

av . . a the presumption is in f our of the preﬁx being A S lso .

d an v Our 0 . a are v an c E . diction ries ery imperfect , we ne er w t one on H D . et e et expec the principles of the . E . ; y g

a a La cu c l ace . l acb some ssist nce from them . , of whi h (pr ) is ‘ ’ d t a an la a a . a a d a form , me ns st nding w ter , in some p ces

W av a a C a C a An ec O o . e stre m ( . r wford h rters , . x n h e

al a v laccan a wet w l ecca . lecb so erb , to w ter, to , of hich (pr ) is

a av an a a form . Now there must h e been djectiv l form of the ‘ ’ . a wet an d I u a l ace word to describe , e g . , ﬁeld , s ggest th t 94 S TA FF OR DS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

lecb lace was a (pr. ) or the form . If not ccepted A . S . it is a v a I n a a a cert inly Pro inci l English . St ffordshire ch rter of

Wulfrun o f W a l acbemer a 9 94, to the monks ( olver)h mpton, is as on o u o f B an d lace br oc as o n mentioned the b nds ilston ,

H a I a a u the bounds of ilton . I dmit c nnot cco nt for the

a d t some a an d u medi l or in of the e rlier forms , I distr st those

a are a all the a . letters bec use they bsent in l ter forms D .

Lecce Leccbe Lace Leca all e an d records three , one , ﬁve , f

Lice Elle Lic hﬁeld Lacala da Lecewor de Lac 23r d Lacb six / ( ) , , , / , ,

Lacbe Lecbebur n a and a Lec and , three , m ny commencing

Lecb al Lacb an d a Lacb so two , bout ten commencing

’ had a Ha l a f All these forms a me ning . l iwell s Diction ry o A rc haic an d Provincial Words gives as one o f the meanings

l acbe a a bo an d lecba a of , muddy hole , g, of deep rut as w C was (both Yorkshire ords) . In heshire , where there a a a o r formerly much wet l nd , m ny pl . n mes commence end

b acb tubl acb Lacbes l ac . . L S , e g Dennis , , The , Shoeb l acb Shurlacb Laebe La Lacbe Ha all are , , ne , ll ; of which

- a a Lechmere low lying . There is lso close to Presteign ‘ a a C u a v La simil rly situ te . The ent ry Diction ry gi es tch , ’ ‘ ’ l acbe l ecba a a ac L an d M . E . , , pit hole , miry pl e . eech

‘ ’ L a are a l lecba a e ch lso forms (doubt ess of ) for wet l nd , ’

L and L a o f fﬁ . . a a G . eech me dow che , loss ry She eld , E D S

was 1 c and a a Lecbamedowe There in the 3 . , prob bly still is,

W f h w an d as W . o in ithington , 5 m E . S re sbury, ithington is bounded by the Tern the meadow perh aps lay on its course ; and there is a Lacb me adow o n Severn side near B -T L a . Lacu as eighton , S lop is given in osworth oller ’ ‘ a of a a a a pool , pond , piece w ter, l ke ; but it cert inly me nt

a a a an d a a w in some loc lities stre m st nding w ter, hether

a a i a an d I u a a a . Lace perm nent or occ s on l, s ggest mor ss lso

la cb o n e o f l oan an d (pr . ) is the forms of , is frequently met a z ' a B -T with in A . S . ch rters . ex mples in osworth oller under

laebe n d lecba a a l acu . a a My suggestion is th t me n , mong

‘ a a or bo an d a Lichﬁeld a other things , mor ss g, th t me ns the

96 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

W ll f l rn Pa e e . . a v a o . S G a s Lud Ske t. . i i m , E . E T , loss ry , . ; and R ha d i G awa n e a n d Mr. ic r Morr s , Sir y the G reen

G a s K T S . Lude . Lauda Leda & . c night , E . E . , loss ry , , , , .

L Luda D. an d u udlow is in , Eyton (Antiq ities of Shropshire) c a a a ua and onsiders the word to belong to some rch ic l ng ge ,

a a . l ad a a wa an d to me n ford In A . S . (lode) me ns y, some o n a H a . . a n Lode of the ferries Severn be r the n me , e g mpto , U A Load n r. . f l ode the , pper rley The di ﬁculty here is in

l uda 1 2 an L d w becoming ; yet in the d 1 3 c . u lo alternates

L udal a we an d Lodalawc a between . The only cert inty here ’ ’ a Ll L an d a v a is th t oyd is properly ude , ery ncient settlement .

L er h eads Th e a a and a h d a ogg ( ) , f rm ﬁeld n me in t e mi l nd

a v c a a Can/aur a l counties , is pro in i l word for the kn pweed (

n i r a an d C. anus o f u g ) , for the bluebottle ( cy ) ; co rse from

ca a a ff a an d the lo l growth of those pl nts, which ect wet l nd , dis appear with drainage an d cultivation . ’ h 2 f B B h ha L n Bir c . o . s o g , h m S . rewood irch , ere ,

h I A r c ca cb c t t . . b e . n o e . . referen e to tree is S y ( ) , M E

a l u ma br naba a c , cle ring or new enc os re , whi h by et thesis , or

o f r v . Birchills bur cbe an d bi r cb . shifting the ( ) , becomes ’ ’ H h r W Stran l eford B c an d a vi B a e 2 111. g ir h , r ngton irc , . of

‘ he a o f L B Brewood . T me ning ong irch is simply long new ’ The u u B d was l enclosure . co ntry ro nd rewoo former y

a forest l nd .

NW Li hﬁ l 1 0 0 L a n dun d. 1 2 n d n c e . L o g o , 3 m . . of 4 g c

- da n l . l on re La n edun . . . g A S g , lo g hi l f r d ca a for r o Wa S L on g o . A lo l n me the po ti n of tling treet

Churchbrid e an d C a mtl running between g the Four rosses , e

Ca La n s/rcet 1 0 0 Lo a n 0r d SE . . . of nnock 994 g ; 4 g / The

a - l an d a a u a l oc lity is low ying, before dr in ge wo ld be li ble to

‘ ’ ‘ The a rv v in Lo u and L ﬂood . n me su i es ngho se ongford ’ a Bl c Hall on the road . The Chester ro d between et hley an d Hinstock (part of the Rom an way from Chester to ’

n f 1 2 2 . Worcester and the S . ) was also Lo g ord in 3 — LOGGERHEA DS ( THE) LO W ( THE) 9 7 W L n n r h . o f ri . Lon en al r e o g o , . , 3 m . Penk dge D . g

l r a 1 2 n 1 2 2 La n ena L o en ol r e T . an . l 3 g 3 7 g his is A S . g ,

. n all and A S a . l o . d l r l or . al r e ol r e or l M E g , long, t , . , , M E . , , ,

- Th d a a a e a an dat. lder (tree) the t ll lder. me i l is the form

f o n l on . o l L a 1 c . was a n g , g ongnor , in S lop , in the 3 , n bol r a Lan an al r e Lon nor a an d Lon en ol r e Lon n er , g , g , g . g

- S v a a had a upon e ern , lso in S lop , simil r forms .

f L 1 L n n r 1 0 . V o Lan enor la. o g o , m NE . eek . 3 c . g .

L n r. r ongnor Penk idge .

W. L on r i d e 1 . N o f 1 Lon r i e g g , m Penkridge . 3 c . g gg ,

Lan er u e 1 . Lon er u e A . b c r a a g gg 4 c g gg . S . ry g , M . E . gg ,

r i e a a . a a f . gg , ridge , b ck , in pl n mes gener lly o a hill

T he a at a o f an d two h mlet lies the he d , between , long

of a a are ridges higher ground . Ancient thoroughf re ro ds

u a R a Rud ewa freq ently c lled the idgew y or g y.

L n sd n 2 SW L 1 Lon asdon H o g o , m . . of eek . 3 c . g . ere

v s an d are t o f a the possessi e , its retention , s rong evidence ‘ ’ ’ n d u . h a L h a n wa an . n a a s a . L s p , I sho ld re d t is ng s ill g M A . . la n l on . S . p n . In . E g becomes g .

i 1 a n D. . L el on 1 L t n . on g o , Potter es . Not in ; 3 c g ; 4 c

n al on L Lo g . ong town . L ow Th e L ow Hil l B an a t a 2 ( ) , or , ushbury, ncien est te m .

W a 1 an d 1 L owe 1 la Lowe N . of olverh mpton . 3 4 c . ; 545

A a a la wa l a a - u u w . ow a H H ll . bl y . S . , M . E , , buri l mo nd . nt

a a a 1 c a was b ch , the ntiqu ry, wrote , in the 7 . , th t there then

‘ ’ a v a u u u . u ery l rge t m l s here M ch , if not the whole of it , has d T he bill an d a a been since destroye . is lofty , pl ce likely to be selected fo r the buri al o f some prehistoric mag a 1 1 a at l was w a and n te . In 9 b t e fought bet een the S xons

a all Ch a o f T al the D nes, c ed in the ronicles the b ttle ettenh l , b ut which was really waged on Wednesﬁeld He ath (now H a The a u as a e th Town) . de d were b ried usu l under mounds , ’ Huntbac h s a an d w a which in time still rem ined , ere known s

Low S Lo w L Low G a Low North , outh , the ittle , the re t ,

Horselow T romelowe and w a of a , , Ablo (m ny these n mes 11 98 S TA FFORDS HI RE PL ACE NA MES

u v v h d a a a . s r i e), besides others which then dis ppe red It is therefore difﬁcult to say whether ‘ the Lo w here was a pre

a a - u historic tumulus , or b ttle mo nd . W h 2 . S . f L x l . ocba lai o e . o L s 1 . y , , 5 m Uttoxeter . D 3 c

k l ke /e L W Lokasla Loc es L oc r e. a , ey, y oxley , in S . rwickshire ,

has a a . I A . 11 . simil r e rly forms think the preﬁx is the . S . p

Loc o r a Lox a . a Lox a , perh ps I h ve not met with except in

as Lox anleab Lox anwudu w a ea compounds, such , , hich pp r to ’ ’ L l a L w o Lo n e x a . Lox be ox s , ox s o d ( being the gen . form) a a an d L n ex a a a me ns lynx , y is f mily n me ; but the lynx did

a la an d I m a a a a . [ox not inh bit Eng nd , not w re th t the A . S meant a wild eat ; their word for a c at was ca ll ; what they

a l a at no t a a at c l ed wild c does ppe r . ( It is not impossible th e la the lynx , or something very like it , xisted in Eng nd , for

10x G a l aabs a G a o f , erm n , is the ex ct erm nic form the Indo

‘ ’ G a G an d erm nic word represented by the reek lynx , it is u a G . a an sed in A . S gloss ries to expl in the reek word . It c n v av a was h al a e er h e struck them th t it , istoric ly, the s me ‘ ’ as an d a word lynx, its use to gloss th t word is therefore

W H . a a . . most rem rk ble . S ) W f L o n t on h . S o a Leviniona y , . , 4 m . Ecclesh ll . D . ;

L in/one. Th u an 1 1 ev e 7) . A c . m st represent A . S j: the . S .

wa A . S . n a Lao a s a . h ving no f common p . , the gen . form ’ f w Lao a n an d eo anf zi n u L o fa o as L e s t w . which f , f wo ld be o n

The passage to Lavin l ona would be correc t .

f v l 1 2 and 1 h 2 . . o Lutl Lu tl e . y , . , m N En i le . 3 c ey , — l u/ el L a Le . Lul/al e . el b le le v. ey . M E . , ittle ( y) ff u a o f T L e v a . . y m , ri er, N . St ordshire , trib t ry rent , is A S

blirnnze a a . a , stre m , river , torrent There is Dorsetshire

R v r Ly a L . a iver me , giving n me to yme egis There is ri er ’ ‘ L u a a a in yne in E . North mberl nd , nother ne r Peebles , ’ ‘ W v na S a an d an a L n . cotl nd, E st y in Somerset , gi ing me to L L me an d L ne are a a ynmouth . y y prob bly llied words ;

L na . S but y is not A .

L NW. of Li hﬁeld 1 6 [be eld n r 1 11 1 c . y c of t , . 35 ﬁ q/

I OO S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

u a n n r. a a a ar thro gh limesto e country Il m , the stre m dis ppe s,

n a a at a s a a . v . a d rises g in con ider ble dist nce V. Do e m SE . f Mcar cba Mar h in n . o . 1 c gto , 35 m Uttoxeter 95 ,

- - l ater Ma r cban/on sub Nadwode 1 0 0 4 Mer cbaml ﬁne ; D .

- - r n Ma rcb nton u on Ned ode. is . . M a cba m/o e ; 1 3 c . y p w This A S

a ma r e mca r ee mcaree c cb . ba a a a , ( ) , M . E , m rch , bound ry , and barn v a Ham— l a , home , ill ge ) the home or vi l ge on the a a o n o f aff an d m rch . M rchington lies the border St ordshire ’ ’ h R a a Derbys ire . iding the m rches , be ting the bounds ,

r u a e eq ivalent terms for m anori al perambul ations . The ’ ’

a Wa an d a a u . M rches of les , of Scotl nd , me n border co ntry

Ton a a a a na D. as ppe rs to h ve been dded to the me before , if

a M r hama h the me ning of ae c h d been even t en forgotten . W Mar st n h. C u a 6 . . of i . o , , in h rch E ton, m Penkr dge

me/on l n . A . . merse . mar sb . bl a e 1 2 ﬂi ersb o . D ; 3 7 S , M E , mer scb — W w a a a . et lo , m rsh the m rsh town Ton) country a l to o r on a la a u li b e ﬂood , which w ter frequently y, ltho gh ’

a u va a . a p rtly c lti ted , would be termed m rsh The l nd lying W n l a ﬂat a an d . of Penkridge for eight or ni e mi es is pl in , ,

u u a a a a be tho gh fenny gro nd , ppe rs for some re son , perh ps

a was o n Ca c use it the borders of nnock Forest , but not forest l a C . ground , to h ve been wel settled before the onquest

St ﬂ rd. M me/on e ar n a ar n . M M sto 2 . a o . i a , § m N of D , ;

l h - M a 1 32 7 Car/r um(Cast ec urch) cumMa r tin o ( arsh) . M rsh

. a C u a . town V. M rston in h rch E ton

Ma i dw R a Maves n v es n R ar e v. y , idw re ( y ) . W S . . d el Ma ﬁ el d 2 . . Ma ev de 1 y , m of Ashbourne D ; 3 c .

b e ll Malber eld 1 Mal ba Z’ld al b eld Mal el e . M M f , ﬁ ; 4 c / , ﬁ or ay

ald . a a u d a a l b an d a fi . D lw ys ses for medi l , we must re d ’ a Metb alda a u th t form f . The termin l is do btless field (q . meatbel - and I is . think the prefix A S . , meeting, council the

e lba] was a u council (or meeting) ﬁeld . M compo nd in a as Maethel ar Maethelbeo rht Maethelhelm p . n mes such g , , ,

& m t a and c . the o o ; but for s do not p int such compound ,

I a o ne Mabel/an think the suggested me ning the right . MA R CHING TON— MEER TO bVN 1 0 1

is and a an d. . a Co mentioned in A S . ch rter ( Dip . cle rly ‘ ’ a u me ns co ncil ( o r meeting) town .

’ M f r W r d Ma or d ea d I N . Ma o o , i m . of Stone . D . p/ , y ;

1 1 all aa M a d or d 1 2 1 Med or d a Ma or d. 73 Y ; 5 f , l ter ﬁ e for lies on the a a Trent , where it is crossed by the gre t ro d from

L NW The t a or d u a l ondon to the . ermin lf do btless pp ies to the a a f o . I p ss ge the river Despite the D . forms think the

ma a as Med fﬁ preﬁx y be ccepted , which is di cult to interpret. m ’ a . me d a a w but a It y represent A S . , me do , me dow ford is n o t a a a a . Cf Medbourn a . s tisf ctory interpret tion . , Medste d

a an d th . v. 1 1 Professor Ske t (Notes Queries , 9 S 4 ) sees no ’ objection to the Mad in Medstead being construed me adow . There is a sm all stream running into Trent at Meaford and

Mad ma a a y represent its ncient n me .

Me a e v r a - -la- Z L s , ri er , ises ne r Ashby de ouch , in eicester

and T a n r a a shire , runs into me . Alrew s . Prob bly gives its

a a a in Messebanz . a n me to Me sh m Derbyshire , D . E rly forms f o a v a ar fﬁ a . Me es sm ll ri er n mes e di cult to obt in , river, W W SW . f nd o aff and w N . a rises on border St ordshire , ﬂo s .

T a B v t a a a. . Meese n into ern ol s M gn No forms , ri er, joi s

NW o f aff Meese C l d the Sow 4 m . . St ord . No forms . ( o ),

Mil l Me s h W n a - e e . . o , . , 4 m of Stone , the l st mentioned

s 1 d l ma ulna e l ll M rn es. Me s . Co enzees I u na s river. D . 4 c , ,

Cold a nzulne fo r I can a me ns cold ; is M . E . mill . m ke

f e wa o A S . a Mazs s nothing the forms in . , except th t the

Mensa A . a fo r v Maas H a . S n me the ri er , in oll nd (French , , L Mosa a o r Al isa v Bu . ) . There is Meese , , ri er in cks , a a l a G a an d L pp rent y giving its n me to re t ittle Missenden ,

w are ua . a are Missedan e hich sit te upon it In D . these pl ces ,

a of I u the v lley the Misse . think the root m st lie in some

M n f B a a Cf . easde o lost l ngu ge . , 5 m . NE . untingford, in

H on a a a a o f erts , now n meless stre m , tribut ry the Stort .

M r n h . NW Mar a . ee t ow 1 . . . , , m . of Newport D . A S .

mar e a a a a la a a A u a , l ke . It is ne r rge l ke c lled q il te Meer, w w the a of hich is ithin m nor Meer. 1 0 2 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

W W v rham~ M rr i a 1 S . f o l e e dal e an a t . o , ncien est te 5 m p

ton The a va f are Ma r idana War . medi e l orms . Meriden , in

wickshire was r idena a A . S. n r l a a a , M . (Prob bly gy g , ple s nt ,

u an d dene val a sweet , delightf l , merry, , ley . This would ccount

‘ W H. ld i n a r idene. . o a for the i M . S ) An me ning of merry ’ l M ’ was as a . a o f a st ted Merry Eng nd , the merry month y, ’ a a a no t u o r t u me n sweet , ple s nt, joc nd mir hf l .

w h 111 f Mel ic 1 Ma le Mil i c o . ew be 2 , 5 . SE . Stone . D c .

wicb A . S mln melle ml n ma /ne . The preﬁx is . y , M . E . , y , , a l The a a wi c wicb mi l . termin l is prob bly A . S . , M . E . ,

‘ ’ la i h MI v ma c a al a t e “ a . wi b vil ge , g ving us ill ge It y be , s t

W as al al Spring ich) , it is 3; m . only from S t , where s t

an d the for a a Springs exist , country miles round is on s lt

s a a at va tr t , rying depths.

h l a SW f i e a 2 . o M tc 7 . , ncient est te in Upper Penn , 3 m

W a 1 2 Macbeale 1 0 Ma cbale olverh mpton . 33 ; 4 9 . M . E .

‘ ’ ma ball a al cbe a . , , gre t h l In M . E . much , in its forms of

ba ma ebal micbel maebal mabzl mikil & wa as mac c . s , , , , , , , used ’

an a a a . a djective , in the sense of gre t, l rge As to the termin l

Ha le .

W r h 2 . . a l ne Mitt n M o 1 . o , . , § m . of Penk idge . D ; 3 c

Mal /on . . a a . The root here is A S deriv tive

‘ o f nza l ban h B -T a la u h o f , whic osworth oller tr ns tes the mo t ’ a ri ver ; but (inland certainly) it means the j unction o f two a and a a l a a a u stre ms , is occ sion l y pplied in ch rters to j nc

w r n a 71 . C a C a a a d tion of ro ds ( r ford h rte s , by N pier Stevenson , ’ ’

u A . S . c l Sweet s St dent s . Dict more orrect y gives

‘ ’ a nz lba as wa - u o f a or a (g ) y ters meet, j nction ( stre ms ro ds) a a o f l a ( The g is preposition , often litt e signiﬁc nce ,

Mil a ne and w a . . six t o omitted in l te A S ) D . records

ne ll Ma l /on a Ma l o . . . ra In M E the forms gene y become , l ter

Mil /on o r l l on . a a d M l ba , M A few pl ces ret in the ol er form y ll M al o r as a . h a itton s one , preﬁx T is Mitton , like other

a a i of two a known to me , is situ te ne r the junct on stre ms .

f L 1 2 1 Mix na x n h . . o . . Mi o . , , 5 m SE . eek 9 This is

1 0 4 S TA FF ORDS HIR E PLA CE NA MES

’ Mo rfe a w under Forest , does not de l ith the etymology

o f the a his a u u . n me , but st tements s pport the s ggestion

Mort n an d M r eto n are v a . . re o , o , ery common n mes D

a as Mor l ona Mar /an and Mar i a na. cords over ﬁfty m nors , ,

' l il r l an o . The A . S . form is , Moor town

B h f W . M sel e . . o a o y , h in us bury , 3 m N olverh mpton

Mollesla Mol esl a olla la a l esl on . slai 1 M l Mo . Mola . s D ; 3 c g , ay , y ,

a a A . S. Moseley is common n me, sometimes derived from

' nzosa a a a 1 an d a v s , moss , m rsh ; but here we h ve possessi e

. nd e w . a ll Moll Mol/ a a . n a . s . in the forms , , common A S p , l ’ L this is Mol s pasture ( v. ey) .

l h x f B 1 2 and 1 . M se e Hol e . . . o . o y , , l m N ilston 3 c

Bu u . H e . bl ollesla e Mollasl . V. ol y , ay Moseley in shb ry , in pl

a a a l a . n mes , me ns hol ow , depression

f e 1 cke lo . W s l h 1 111 W. . Mo wa M x e . o . o y , , s dnesbury 4 c ,

bba Mo e The o Mox lowa Mo sl owe x elow . , , forms p int to the

’ Ma — e al . . . Al occ was no x A S p . n (there ) Mo c s low (buri L w u a . o mo nd) ( ) .

n . a Mocl a Mu c kl est e . a . . o , 4 m NE of M rket Dr yton D

ne 2 l ablesl ona bl acel c a was a sl o ; 1 5 3 b . ( h rd) common ’

n an d a h as Mucel s a To n . . A . S . p . . , I re d t is town ( . ) . A S mi l ra /cal ma ebal mibel mabel a ce . . a a , y , M E , , , me ns l rge , gre t,

n a . a we a a a d if this were M E . n me might re d it gre t

’ ’ av an stone ; but here (being in D . ) we h e A . S . form to co nstrue . l 1 6 and W. f Li hﬁ d h. o c e . M ck l e C rn er . S u y o , , 3 m

Muckl ow . W a a 1 . e 7 c do not know , h ving only l te forms ,

w . S or . . a . whether we are dealing ith an A . M E n me It

‘ ’ ’ ’ ma a u l ‘ l w M ce s or a o . y be re d low , gre t As there is no ’

i a ha a lo w. evidence o f A . S . or gin the prob bility is t t it is gre t

are a o r a a - There no tr ces, record , of buri l mound here, but so a av a a u e m ny lows h e been destroyed for gricultur l p rpos s ,

h f ne a a a &c . a t e a o o rep iring ro ds , , th t bsence le ds to no infer W l e . a on a ence The h . st nds t ing Street , where it is cross d ’ W i hﬁeld C a a a a L c . by the m in ro d from ls ll to , hence orner MOR TON— NECHELLS 1 0 5

W E el e h f . 1 cb e N c el l s h . . o ha s , , 3 m E . olver mpton 3 c . ,

f e 1 N acbel as 1 6 . Kabels E scbelas 1 . r quently ; 4 c . , ; 5 c ; c

N acbals E cbel / e was ls o ber wisa N acbells N ecb l/s. , , This , o a l an a e a w c a a rigin l y, ncient hom ste d , hi h g ve its n me to ‘ ’ a a l o f E tchell l r al . T f mi y , sti l esident in the loc ity here

a h l n r B a a h o r is Nec e ls . irmingh m , Nec ells Etchells in

l r . n r . ha n . c Erdington , Etchells A trinc m , Etchells Sto kport

1 VV mb rn an d . was an Echeles o ou e I n the 4 c there in , a o e a B ac o f d n th r in Dr yton assett . There is no tr e the wor

. . Al th I l r E . an d e a e . in A S forms M , think the word is

O . . ecbelles a a a u a F , l dders , steps , st irs , me ning , in s bst nce , a - u ac the was two story ho se , where the cess to upper ﬂoor

an the 1 . l by intern al ladder o r o uter steps . In 3 c dwe ling

o u o f a as ca h ses two stories were so r re to excite lo l interest , and as at t a r h t time ecords were written in O . F the intro d uction o f a French word to describe an innovation is reason ’ a an L Eclaircissemen t d a c . al a ble , in pr cti e common P sgr ve (

la L d L cbial a a a an . 1 0 a es de ngue Fr nc ise , 53 ) ren ers dder , ‘ ’ esabella av n 1 6 1 1 a a E schellette a ; Cotgr e ( a . ) tr nsl tes little ’ add an d Lad a 1 6 d Eschelles l er the ies Diction ry, 94, ren ers a stom acher l aced o r ribboned in the form o f the steps of a ad o an a n a l der. The intrusi n of initi l before vowel is ’ l f I . . a o St frequent in M E (Ske t s Princip es Etymology, S . ’ 6— an d u a a an 34 7 , A St dent s P stime , It rises from o ld fo rm of modern al being a ll en ; thus a ll en Kebeles be

a l l a Nacbelas. comes In Yorkshire , where the Norsemen

a u are a a a settled in l rge n mbers , there sever l pl ces n med

' L nd L l c bas a w a . O . . l ofthouse oftus This is N y , house ith an u an d the na ha u h u w pper story , me shows t t s c b ildings ere

a H a o f r re . ere it is interesting to note th t some these York

h us r d D a tw Lo f t o es a e . o shire recor ed in , which shows th t storied ho uses were known in Northumbria before the Con

u a was a b q est, whilst in Merci there no n me to descri e them ‘ ’ 1 Our not . S . until the 3 c . word loft is A . , but M E . f ‘ ’ e v d 1 . r d o O . 1 an a ri ed r m . N In 3 4 c ecords de Sol rio , ‘ 1 0 6 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PLA CE NA MES

’ ‘ a d So lerium a a a , in Sol rio , me ning of the upper ch mber

lar ar l as v a O . . so e ( from F ) , frequent y found descripti e dditions

bela Ha a and in a c h a a . Fo r ac s v. to risti n n me rec stle , for

v n urt n . trusi e , v . N o

ee dw od N eedw d F r e st a N o , oo o . I h ve not met with

a C u an d the n me before the onq est, it is not in D . All the

a d da m a 1 2 c . are N e wo . edi ev l forms , from the , Nothing

a c an a A . u prob ble be m de of the preﬁx in S . I think it m st W ‘ C . . nedd n dd a ha a be eltic In , y , me ns w t turns , dingle , ’ i - a nd n /b n eid n ea d a a n G . . aad C rest ng pl ce , y , I , ornish , , ’ ’ da A n a l d L n i s . . s a a a d naa . , S , me ns (bird s) nest . In Irel n ,

na d n ed n id u u i n the forms of , , , is of freq ent occ rrence in

’ N d n a a . . e ee a a pl . n mes ; e g . little nest , N d nuller, the e gle s ’ Nadn ea h a Derr n an ed a oo nest , g , the r ven s nest , y , the o kw d f ’ l o a a 1 st 8 . the nests (joyce s Irish P ce N mes , Forests

a h a a al l a an d it often t ke t eir n me from sm l oc lity , I think d o ubtful if they had an y established n ame before the Con

a f wade . . o . I quest . The termin l is the M E form wood cannot say th at either o f the meanings suggested is satis

‘ ’ a . T are u and a are f ctory hey only g esses , e rlier forms desirable .

W 111 N ewb l ds Th e an a e a ednesﬁeld 2 . o ( ) , nci nt f rm in ,

W W ha d ld s acba . a N bol N ewbo a br N . . 1 e l ew of olver mpton 4 , , ’ ' ewbolda i d N ea boll A s al a s Ba l as l s S . a l wa ol l a z l e . . b , y y A , new d h a a . a t e house . Newbol is common n me ; in the N it t kes

o d N w n b l . e bz z and a has form of New gg , in the N . Scotl nd ,

la ma a simi r e ning.

w r h N e b . o ou g , in Needwood , 7 m . S . of Uttoxeter D .

d a r sla a r N a or e E e a a A a dsle 1 . e b 1 g g ; fterw rds g y ; 3 c g ; 4 c.

’ N ewbar b N ovo Ba r o . The a a Ead ar s lea g , g old n me me ns g

‘ ’ v. Le an d v A ardsle a and ( y) , is preser ed in g y P rk, the

S aff a l a A a a was a t ordshire f mi y n me g rd . The n me ch nged

A ardsle u h 1 c . ha from g y to Newboro g in the 3 , under w t

a B l r b circumst nces is unknown . or oagb is on y a form of ba

v B . ( . ury)

1 0 8 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

‘ ’ ’ a r o a e Ga B r n There is in Norton b o k c ll d in s rook, fo mi g

u u a a and a a a the so thern bo nd ry of the m nor, ro d c lled ’ ’ Gain s Lane ; G ain s an d Canes probably represent the

a The a l a n me o f some former lord o r l andowner . ( f mi y n me ‘ ’ Ca e r Cabaian es r a a No r nes is deriv d f om o C h gnes , in

W H . a . m ndy . . S )

W r l on mo . 2 111 . f ld h . S o 1 . o N r ton C l d S . C o ( o ), , . tone 3 c Here the mhas become n ; the plain meaning of the form is l ’ Co d moor town .

h M rs 6 SW L N or l ane. N r t n i n t e . . of . o o oo , m eek . D

S r tb- l an n . . N o T o . A , north town ) h W f W v ha N ur t on . a a . o . , , in P ttingh m , 5 i m . ol er mpton

‘ ’ 1 N ovar l on No verton has z z l l . 3 c . . pu ed me exceeding y

A f l n a was a a a l ter conc udi g th t it untr nsl t ble , it sudden y

cc u a al 71 was an d a o rred to me th t the initi excrescent , th t the d i a was Over ton u w S . O er l ane an or gin l form , pper to n ( A . f ) , A n al the difﬁculty vanished . excresc ent initi al n arises gener ly

o use a the a v c fr m the of word in d ti e form , commen ing

be w a v . a l l en oba at o ak al te no ith owel, e g. ( the ) becomes , hence our family name Noake ; all en asb becomes N ash ;

n l w min &c . a aw a t e a n cle u V. becomes ne ; my n ncle ,

h l a a f N verto n Nec el s . The p ss ge rom Overton to o being

a u how ur n V a . thus cco nted for, do we get N to ? ery e sily

w v l M. a as o f . or 1) I n E c mmonly written between owe s , an d v for an initial a ; thus N oa er l on woul d become

Nurton .

O k n h . W f W v A cba a e . N . o a . , , 4§ m ol erh mpton . D ;

Oba A be b n b c b b Oca O a . c . a e a o e o . A 1 . d . 3 c , , , S . , M E , , , ,

r a c o f . w v oak (tree) . The No m n s ribes D ere e idently per

lexed A . . ac or its u a l p by the S , pron nci tiomn, for they spel be ac a cb ace an d ocbe f a c . it , , , , The word or s the preﬁx to a a of a T he n an d l rge number n mes. is excrescent , the result o f the accent o n b ; n is also sometimes excrescent

z ' echells and Nurt n for an r v Hav after r ( . N o int usi e ing — NOR TON (COLD) OFFLE Y (BIS HOPS ) 1 0 9

regard to the l atitude in spelling which our forefath ers i a

dul ed w a n a o n g in, one ould expect to ﬁnd ge erous liber lity

u aw an d a ar the s bject ; but l yers , even juries , ppe sometimes

av a v r a w v w aff r z e to h e t ken e y n rro ie s . At St o d Assi s in 1 2 93 the Abbot of Croxden compl ained th at the Dean of Wolverhampton had disseised him o f four acre s o f wo o d

b Th a a was no v i n in A e. e de n objected th t there ill

ff l be a b a a a A n d e t a u . St ordshire c led , ppe aled o j ry The

u a v l was a l Obe and Abe and the j ry found th t the i l c l ed , not ,

w a a a suit as therefore dismissed . ( O ken prob bly t kes its

dca mdat u a o f dc a W H . form from ( . pl r l ) , o ks . . . S )

O ak l e an a a and a n w a a o . y , ncient est te m nor, f rm , 7 m

A ce/ea A l ai 1 cleza . f Li hﬁ ld 1 0 0 . c A o c e . NE . 4 ; D ; 3 c ,

Obal 1 cle e Obla e c ak l ea 0 . a o and leab ; 4 . y , . . , , , , qy c _ y A S — lea a oak lea. u u a a , p sture the It is c rio s th t with the termin ls ' - - - ma k in J a zeld or d an d ba c has oa as Oa y , j , f , , become , kley, Oakﬁeld Oa Oa a ~l on it a ac as , kford , kh m ; but with rem ins , u in o r numerous Ac tons (q .

O ak l e h an d ball 2 . . y , . , , in Mucklestone , i m NE of

i r. a n . A cl e o ak lea. V a n a t . . O M rke Dr yto D The . kley

Wh a h a Lichﬁeld. ( en the meaning is cle r I t ink it unnecess ry

to multiply forms . ) Hil l O ck er . H k l il l Han , in Tipton oc ey H , in dsworth .

O H Hoc kerill and H l are w a cker ill , , ock ey, some h t common - a a a a a or . I c an a n mes , lw ys in rel tion to hill hill side m ke f W b th a A . ma oc n o e . r othing n mes in S The root y be . ,

ocbr an a a a a Oa a , side , shelving loc lity . Prob bly keng tes ,

a has a o n a - in S lop, the s me etymon . It lies steep hill side , W l S . l e ate a w o n a . . ea . . al a a . t ing Street A g , M E g , y , g te , y I h ave not met with any e arly forms of these n ames ; witho ut h l ’ t em it is on y a guess . W Onl e Bi sh s 111 . . a . O alaia y ( op ) , 35 of Ecclesh ll D . f . ' O a wa s a . a ff a . r as O f common A . S . p n I e d this s

lea v. Le . o f Lichﬁ ld ( y) At the time D . the bishops of e

w a i n ca il e ere its ten nts p . 1 1 0 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

O elia. . . O fil e Hi h 6 i n . . . . y ( g ) , NE of Newport D f A S ' ’ O — fi lea v Le n . a O a s . . p . j ( y) ' u la we . ela a . O a O fll ow aff . 1 . , St ordshire h ndred D Qfl 3 c / ' ’ O a ff a low u a - nd Lo w Offlo w . O . A . S . p . n y , s (b ri l mou ) ) Li hfi h n a a . eld. t a . c e is r ble field in Swinfen , 3 m S of In

wa r are e a of a wh ﬁeld , to rds the cent e the r m ins tumulus ich ,

a l h a a l from repe ted p oug ings , is s dly def ced , but still visib e .

u the s It has been much red ced within l a t ﬁfty years . The

a old a B ha Lichﬁeld an d ﬁeld djoins the ro d from irming m to , also an an cient diversion of Watling Street between Wall

f a was n a o f a a ( Etocetum) an d Faz eley . O f the me Merci n —8 a was a king. 7 57 7 but the n me borne lso by common men . l f O l e Ha e as B l . . o g y y , now b tter known rownhi s , 5 m N

Wal a was o f ba s o f s ll , formerly one the y . or divisions , the

was Wul frun 6 Forest o f Cannock . It given by in 99 to the

W u a in l a n monks o f ( olver)h ampton nder the n me of c g .

e as Hocinta na h at D . r cords it , the property of the c urch

‘ ’ W v r a an d a h . a has ol e h mpton , w ste . T is D m nor never

an d . af o been identiﬁed, Eyton (D Studies of the St f rdshire

‘ ’ o f S urvey) records it as obsolete . The description the boundaries in the ch a rter of Wulfrun identiﬁes it with Ogley

Ha an d 1 2 a an d C a o f Wolvern e y, in the c . the De n h pter hampton conveyed the m anor to William Ru ff us ( the ‘ red) o f Waleshal e (Walsall) under the description of a ’ cert ain wood which is called Hog elay ( giving the bounds) .

1 0 0 a a a n o f In 3 , in per mbul tio the Forest , it is mentioned ’ ‘ h el e a an d P r es/wade as t e bounds of n y (Priest s wood) , the l atter n ame frequently attaching itself to ecclesiastical property ba d 1 1 al O ele . y an in a wild state . In 43 it is so gg y The ( ma a a a an d was a- a h a nor) cont ined bout cres, extr p roc i l w S a i 1 8 c . h n as a . unt l the , w e it dded to henstone p rish It was c d 1 8 w c was a Can en lose in 34, up to hi h time it p rt of

. h c n n n c Cha an d i ha . T e 0 i l a o k se , n bited only by deer g g ’

Wulfrun h n t Ga a . r s a . in c rter poi ts o the p . n g , the gen fo m

I 1 2 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

- 1 Over ton an d Orton f re uen tl v A . . O ar l an e 3 c . , q . S / , upp r

' ' W H o er O r o er a . . . . town . ( f , b nk , border S ) I think not ; f is a a a u fﬁ a ar a a a lw ys s x f lw ys preﬁx .

O r r eave h . a 6 . . Lichﬁeld. 1 1 g , , in Alrew s, m N of 95

r r a ve r e 0 r d Or d r ave 1 2 6 2 O 1 . O d r ave Orde rav . g ; g ; 3 c g , g

w S n . and as an . . a to a A p . , lso the preﬁx m ny compound

Or d ar 0 rdbaor bt r d itb S . a as O r &c . . n mes , such g , , f , The A ’ f av l be O d r w d form o Orgre e wou d r asg ajf ; Ord s grove (or oo ) . la in A a Ha Ca It y lrew s y in nnock Forest .

f d 1 2 0 8 r sl ow h. . . o 1 2 0 an O , , 5 m SE Newport. 3

a Or selowa Hor se a o wa n A S . Horsel aw 1 l H r sa a . . ow s ; 4 c , .

d A S bor s a h u sa n . an . a fﬁ p . , in . is orse , so th t it is di c lt to y ’ whether we should read this as Horsa s low (buri al -mound) ‘ ’ Lo w o r the h lo w . m l ) , orse The for er is the more ikely . I t h a a d av u i might , owever , be mound r ise over some f o r te

l a an horse , or over horses ki led in b ttle . The dropping o f initial H is not unc ommon .

B . . h . a B n . 1 O sc ot . o f a , , in Perry rr, 4 m N irmi gh m 3 c

Oscol a Oscott a cl a . col a , . The termin l is e rly A . S , cot ,

a Osa o n e c o 0 s I . . tt ge . , think , represents the p n , or of the

a a c 0 s u as Oswa ld Osbaor n m ny n mes ommencing s ch , ,

a l d & . v. all Osma Osw c . B c a a , f , es ot (q ) is th t rem ins of

btma ndascol Baor c .

h . 1 . f etona O th er t on . o . Or r , , m SE Penkridge . D ;

1 2 Oder /one 1 Ol ber l on u l n o c . ; 3 c . , freq ent y. There is

r r a ne Or /one . ar other O l o (or e ) in D The forms e c onﬂicting .

- ma a . was O er l an u h It y be th t the A . S form f , which o g t to

- a . Over ton the are in c on yield M . E , upper town but forms

h a v . V O . T an Otherto n sistent wit th t iew . reton here is , W W h . C 111 . . , in otheridge , 3 of orcester .

f Olde/on Oldi Oul t n h 1 . o 1 n l on o , . , m N . Stone . 3 c . , g ,

ld / n ld h Uldeton . . O e o . t e o . . . M E , town The A S form , if

w l zi n a f . E aldanl a as o . pl ce A S origin , wou d be (Perh ps

’ E alda Ba a in and a a it from the p . n . , ld s town the g show th t was E aldanl an W H . . . S . ) OR GREA VE— PA LFRE Y GREEN I 1 3

W v a . Ox ali c 1 l h . 1 . O x e . . . y, , } m N of ol erh mpton D ; 3 c

e n d . Ox el e 0 x la 0 x la Ox el . . . ox a . ax a . g , g , , ey A S , M E . , A S — l aab lea e l ea a lea a lea. 1 . a , g , , ( p sture) the ox In 4 c loc l a a a t o r O u deeds pl ce identic l wi h , close to , xley is freq ently

as Ox ne or d and Ox ana or da T he . . mentioned f f . preﬁx is M E ox en ox ne — o f of O , , oxen the ford the oxen . The city xford has i a a an d the a a sim l r e rly forms s me me ning .

i W i n l e k n h . N a w . P a on P ac t n 111 . . g o , , 3 . of T m orth D g

b P ac 1 2 P a intone A . n . c . . As no . S p . commenced we ma a m a P a and an y ssu e th t the D . g is correct , represents ’

. P a c a P a a P a a . a a n a . A S . g , g , g P g s tow ( Ton) . These f a P a a a n P a an o r d t. a orms in the gen . c ses become g , g ,

P a an n n so a n . and the i . g , ccou ting for the D modern g

h ar v T ere e se eral Packington s in England .

W al r a P al f r n f . P e G r ee 1 . o a a 1 6 y , h m SE . ls ll . c f ay

Gr een P al r r een a a t 1 . G ; 7 c f ey . The green , fr gmen of I has a a an d a which remember, dis ppe red , the loc lity, being ‘ u an d an a a i s n o w a Pal pop lous ecclesi stic l district , c lled ’ n frey . The word is M . E . (from O . a d means a riding ’ a a a but n ot a wa as we a horse , gener lly l dy s , l ys , re d of ‘ ’ ’ a a in the king s p lfrey . A p lfrey is often mentioned

a va as a o r a or a medi e l deeds ﬁne p yment to the king, a a or a o f a conﬁrma superior lord , for gr nt restor tion l nd , or tion of title an d sometimes as an annual o r periodical pay

. a was a a f ee a a to ment A p lfrey lso p y ble , by custom , the ’ a a a a and fﬁ w king s m rsh ls , ch mberl ins , other o cers, hen

t in ca il e . m tenan s p ( i e . holding direct fro the king) did

a d n a v at 1 . an o . hom ge , other st te ceremonies (mmSt ute 3 Ed I , ca . a was a p 4 The p lfrey gener lly co uted into money,

‘ ’ w was a v a a o I ~ hich c lled Palfrey sil er . Sixty ye rs g col ‘ ’ ‘ ’ l ected a v t v an d t P lfrey sil er, Fri h sil er, other chief ren s , w av n an d w hich h e since bee compounded for, used to onder

- w a old w t w . e a a o h t orld things hey ere They w re ch rge ble n.

a but n v ne a and I r a a l nd, I e er k w wh t l s . t is p ob ble th t I 1 TA FF ORDS HI RE PLA C NA M S 4. S E E

’ the nam e Palfrey Green has its origin in some such p ayment .

bel W W v a . . ecl as l a N . P P atsh ul l . ; , 9 m of ol erh mpton D m 1 P el lesba ll P all esba ll v . I a 3 c . , ery often think the l ter for s

w . b d . a ll . P l lal an represent the A . S . p n . y , , ith M E , give us ’ l n ot a P at I an unre Pyttel s hill . ( This wi l ccount for think

l v and a . . P a e e t. corded p . n g is in olved , th t D is correc The change of a to l before I is common ; P a cg a does occur as a ‘

n n d P a e el h s a suﬂi x . a P e les . a a p . , g merely nother There is gg

W H. . or i . I w lb in Gloucestersh re . S . ) think Mr Stevenson P ’ a an d at we a aec el s . is prob bly right , th should re d this g hill

tin h W W v P al in ba m P at a 6 . a t . . g m , m . of ol erh mp on D g ;

1 2 tin m P al in bam v a . P at cba I 1 . c c g ; 5 c . belie e this n me is ‘ m’ Pattin a I a . pronounced j . c nnot construe it (From the w . . P ea l/a P eall in a n x . 2 0 a n n l Ca . Sa o p ; cf. g , rt 7 7 , 3 , s id t W u o a a H . t . . B be P tton , S lop . S ) how do we get the soft h g ? T at pu z z led me .

k a ff a P ea a 11 . a . . is common loc l pl in N St ordshire , r rely

th n ot a found in the S . of e county . The word is dmitted

i u . . . . a C into A S diction r es, tho gh the A S hronicle terms the u a u a f P eac-l on d mo nt ino s p rts o Derbyshire . It is pro

C a aac M n d a s . . . ee a b bly eltic, it exists in I p . In E it is p

ake. I t a t o f a a or f me n the summit hill , whether sh rp round

and a a a wa s u topped , in comp r tively level loc lities freq ently a l a a pp ied to sm ll elevations . The me ning is now conﬁned to something with a sharp point .

l W e l . . P ols ale . el s a P e sa l a a . b P e b la , 3 m N of ls ll 994 D ;

P aolasba le. a 1 2 an d 1 P elesbale 1 . I 3 c . ; 4 c c nnot identify ’ l Pe a an . a i a ol s . n n A S . p . , but here it is cert in y used th t

’ n m al V. H . a d a a a t Peol s a . sense , we y tr nsl te his h ll e " da h W . an d P en d ef or d . . a . P 0r , , 35 m N . of olverh mpton D /

de r d P en o . a t c n 1 P ande or d 1 . P en n or d I o 3 c . f ; 4 c gf , f c nno ’

a u a . a strue the n me , except of co rse the termin l (This is Pend s

W . n P en dan or d. H. a w a . as a ford , from A . S f . S ) Pend cele ’ brated a 6 2 6- The na n ot king of Merci , 55 . me is recorded

1 1 6 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

‘ m anor o f Doulting in Somersetshire : then to Gr ieb ’ ’ u i a a a w a a h lle . joyce s Ir sh Pl ce N mes, ork of gre t le rn ‘ i n and a a 2 nd . Cr iocb a an g uthority, s ys ( S me ns a W u a end , conﬁne, or bound ry . hen it is fo nd in n mes we may conclude that it m arks the ancient bound aries of ’ We n t w a a t a o r t . o f rm s , ownl nds , erritories do kno wh t o i we frontier Penkridge st od upon in prehistor c times , but do know that the Penk was an ancient boundary of Cannock W t and N. an d a it at Fores to the . , th t ﬂows the foot of a hill cou ntry bo rdering on an immense plain o f which the W ma and rekin for s prominent centre , therefore likely to

a a a i Cr iocb and Cr icbe a a be inh bited by sep r te tr bes . ppe r t v C o a an t . a h e formed elemen in English pl n mes . rick in

a D Cr ac a on a North mptonshire ( . ) buts the bound ry of the Wa w and a Crackle Ba counties of r ick North mpton ; y nk , 3 m . '

. o f Shiﬁ nal n of aff h and a N , is o the border line St ords ire S lop ;

Crickle C 111 SW a u s y oppice, 5 . . of T mworth , is on the bo nd

f aff n W C h o a d a . St ordshire rwickshire ; rich , in Derbys ire ( D

Cr ice o n o f a a ) lies the bounds four hundreds ; Pentrich , li s

P an l r ic on n Pentridge , in Derbyshire (D . ) , lies the bou ds of

u 8 P cr ic an . en three h ndreds ; Pentridge , in Dorset ( 95 ) , lies

n W A S r acca o i . an d . C a C the bounds of lts Dorset rickl de ( . . ' eldda r eoca c lad i C eldda Cr zc elada Cr ecal a da . Cr i ba e g , g , g , , D ) l es n W an d G u was al s o the border of ilts . lo cester ; it o on the ’ f W ri kett o f a an d . a C c rontier Merci essex Then we h ve ,

W f 6 111 W f 2 . o . S . o 5 m . Ellesmere ; Moore ‘ ’ C a o C a . o f C a r nb urne ; ricket M lherbie , 35 m . NE h rd ’ W Crickett a . S C all St . Thom s, 4 m . of rewkerne , on the ’ f a CrichO e a o . bound ries hundreds In Scotl nd we ﬁnd p , ’ ’ NW Cricbie . C Dumfriesshire , E Aberdeenshire ; richton , . ’ m C 6 . . of a an d Criech Du fries richton , m SE D lkeith , in f Wa N. F n 2 . . o ifeshire . Pe kridge lies m N tling Street ‘ and a t a a t bou the s me dist nce from S retton , the supposed ‘ ’ o f R a at Pennocrucium in site the om n st ion , mentioned the i a t n n e n t afﬁ et n I t ner ry of An o i us . Th re is u doub ed nity b wee — PENN PENS NE TT 1 1 7

’ Pen nocruciuman d Pencric and Pencric a C t , if is el ic n ame was - R a and w w it pre om n , it is ell kno n that the Romans a a v a La v dopted n ti e n mes in tin forms . There is no e idence th at the Rom ans ever occupied Penkridge ; but parishes o r

‘ a t and Pen cric ma av m nors did not exist in their ime , y h e been tmhe n ame o f a district including the site o f Penno cruciu . R L o n W Professor hys ( ectures elsh Philology,

2 n d ed. 1 8 and H L 1 8 8 8 2 0 a , 4, ibbert ectures, , 3) de ls ' w o f and a P encr a ith the etymology Penkridge , re ds it g , a but I the he d of the mound ; think the professor, not ﬁnding

W has v the them recorded in elsh , o erlooked undoubted Celtic w cr iocb an d cr icba a o r a f ords . There is no tr ce tr dition o an at an d a a cr d cr ic y mound Penkridge , the p ss ge of g into an d ar iab a a a a o w a t , thous nd ye rs g , ith gre t respect o the

I a t a P encr ic professor , think improb ble . I sugges th t means ’ a o r a he d end of the border, frontier. The description of ‘ of a t 8 as a Penkridge in the test the ch r er of 95 , the f mous ’ a w a Pencric at it was t a a f pl ce hich is c lled , shows th hen pl ce o i nd an a a of k a a a . mport nce, occ sion l residence the Merci n ings There is an ancient thoroughfare road leading from Penkridge W w and C w . w to the (Ne port, Shrewsbury, hester), hich is kno n ’ as K a n d so in old a ing Street is mentioned loc l deeds .

SW f W v a . . P enna 1 2 a P en . o n d , 3 m . ol erh mpton D ;

1 P en n a a a . . ann a 3 c . , repe tedly . I think this is pl in A S p , pen ,

l la w K v an d a fo d . Penn y ithin the limits of in er Forest , prob bly

a al a a took its n me origin ly from c ttle pen or fold in the Forest .

v a a or a w It must ha e been horse or c ttle fold, possibly s ine

as a an d w not a . w a pen , go ts sheep ere common ble S ine lso

a w t u a a were not common ble i ho t speci l gr nt from the king .

P en sn ett n ow a a K , populous loc lity in ingswinford ,

1 2 8 F r ee cbasa i n l be wood formerly Pensnett Chase . 4 of

’ R o er da S amar L or d o D udl at P anina b. IVilliam g ( y , f ey)

Ba r dell r emits bis cla imor wbicb R o er r ants to bimoa r ( ) , f g g f ar l Williamto l ake l m f at backs a nd f our does y e y . ba on ’ g iving a day s n otice to l ba f or ester of R oger at B addeley ; 1 1 8 S TA FF OR DSHI RE PLA CE NA MES

d l d P enn iab a Pan n ak cbasa o P en r 'oba 1 . a woo ca le 3 c , l ter , f y ;

1 P en ned P cnsmad cbaca P ansned cbaca cbace o P ansned. 4 c . sy , , , f

m sn a d . The terminals in the later for s look like A . S . (mod

f v r a d n d v. a a o f o snea s . , ey (q ) det ched , cut , intrusi e , isol ted ma t a Pensn ett o f a a o r a . portion m nor, nything It y be h t

was a a o f K v w a Chase once p rt in er Forest, hich it djoined ,

‘ ’ and a a a a , becoming the property of subject, bec me ch se ,

u a of and a not s bject to the l ws the Forest , , being det ched , m W a t a snead. P an a an a cquired the ermin l y be . p , he d , end

W. P n sn tt a a and . ( e e occupies high l nd) ; but preﬁx A S . fﬁ v and the are su x do not commend themsel es, forms too l ate an d various for decision .

B m a i er Barr . . . . P ir o 1 2 . P ry , 3 m N of ir ingh m D ; c

ir i P ir e 1 r ie P ir ie P . P . ir z a , , y ; 3 c y , frequently . A S . p g

- i r ie a a . Bar r a a a va (g y ) , M . E . p , pe r tree is l te medi e l a a ddition m de , no doubt , to distinguish it from other Perrys ,

a Ba and because it adjoined G re t rr ( q .

Hall an a t a Wednesﬁeld P err 111 . . y , ncien f rm in , 4 NE

. 1 mas de f W a . Tbo P e 1 R ober t o olverh mpton 3 c y ry 4 c . at P r ie R icbar d son o N icbal as at P r i a Williamal te y , , f , y ,

- P er e. . . ir z e . . ir ie a a . V. Ba y A S p g , M E p , pe r tree Perry rr .

n r n h . W W P er to o Bur t . a , o , , 4 m . of olverh mpton .

1 1 . F ar l a ne . P ar tona 1 2 P ar tan a c D ; c . . Though the form is P ar ta na in a charter of Edward the Confessor giving

a of W I av the est te to the monks estminster, h e no doubt the

a was P an /an w o f a - origin l form g , the to n the pe r tree . The

a of P an /an Periton a pronunci tion g would be , quickly p ss W . n r a ing into Pirton Pirton , . orcester , in A . S . ch rters is a P er zgl an and Py r il n .

h 111 W N . Pi c ar ds . . o f B w . , , in Upper Arley, 4 e dley

1 abn P icar d son Ha b da Wa ba n ba t common called 3 c . j , of g , ly

P ikar d 1 1 obn P bar d obn P itar d 1 6 P car des ; 3 5 j y , j ; 47 y

nd . a l o as (Upper Arley deeds) This ex mple shows how pl .

a an d a n a a a a n mes f mily mes sometimes rise . Pick rd prob bly

ma a at v a in a . e ns n i e of Pic rdy, Fr nce

1 2 0 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

t as o f an and C a t . 1 3 c . documen s rights the De h p er An ‘ ’ a a e t a an d ncient f mily , de Pip , ook their n me from Pipe ,

a as a . to R wa . c rried it , M . E preﬁx , Pipe id re (q There

H P i e w ma ha a . . . is Pipe 3 m N of ereford (D p ), hich y ve Ha H re a a a . a somewh t simil r origin Pipe yes, Pipe ill ,

ld a localities within the o m nor.

i a R a Pi p e R dwar e, . idw re (Pipe) . ff . f h il l a i r ehil l h . 2 . o . Pi r e P , , m S Stone , St ordshire

H Pi r abal P ireballa 1 2 . P ir eballa Pi r balle undred . D . , ; c m , , P i r balle P r bella P ir abal . a a a , y , The termin l y be s fely

ma b ll . ball . a as . . . tre ted A S y , M E , hill The preﬁx y be

- a t o f . . ir z e a a ha a shor form A S p g , pe r tree ; t t word , in ch r t a a as ir i and r zl an d ir r a ers , sometimes ppe rs p py ; p g f ,

- a a a a . l c an pe r tree orch rd, is lso found Nothing e se be

a of the in . S . an d a I we m de preﬁx A , it is not p . n . think ‘ ’ the of a - may construe it hill the pe r tree . W . m N . f da ar a . 6 P a P odmr e h o a . . o , , m Ecclesh ll D ;

dd mer . d m ha mor e. h s 1 . P o a e 1 P o e or P od T 3 c 4 c , e preﬁx

i n . n . was a . n o a . as a . . P adda me ning A S except p n p , ’ ’ an d I a as Po dda s re d this moor .

wa a f a an d P ort y , the n me o m ny roads in Staffordshire

a u to u as a elsewhere . It is s perstition s ppose , most nti

uaries a n a a a R a wav . q do , th t the me is indic tive of om n

P ar t . a a av al a a t , in A S me ns port, h en ; but it so me ns own ,

ma a l and a a so . I w , when used inl nd, y lw ys be construed i l ’ a man out ar t av or t w th t no buy ofp , but h e the p reeves itness , ‘ La f a the A n a & o . d a c. ( ws Edw rd Elder) we h ve ord ined ’ man an o u ar t & a t c . th t no buy y property of p , over xx pence ,

‘ ’ ’ a a w ar t & c . E a Th t every m rketing be ithin p , ( thelst n s

H r t th r a La . a e o e ws) ere p is used in sense of town , m rk t . P ar l sl r a t P or lwa are u u , g (g y ) , words freq ently occ rring a an d a w o r a in A . S . ch rters, me n simply the to n m rket

wa . a so a is a o f a a y A ro d n med presum bly gre t ntiquity, an m - R a a an d d a a . n y be pre om n The me is loc l , often applied to par ts o f Roman an d other w ays leading to a t n w a a I w m rke towns, beyo d hich the n me ce ses . kno PIPE RI D WA RE —PO UKE HILL 1 2 1

P r wa w v m any o t ys hich h a e no pretension to Rom an origin . We had thoroughfare roads before the Rom ans set foot in

Britain . W W N . a k P uk H 2 . f o e ill B o a . P ow e , in entley, m ls ll

L an e R a a a a of , in owley Regis . M ny loc lities be r the n me ‘ ’ lac ar a va . P aa b P aabe P ow/ e Pouk , , , medi e l forms . The

W ac . a a b c ] . o e n wca . a e a origin is . p , I p , A . S p , M . E p , elf, ’

l u . o f sprite , hobgob in P ck The word is undoubtedly ’ - C an d w a . P a can w l u eltic origin , idely spre d y , P ck s spring, u d an . . a Co is fo nd in A S ch rter ( . Dip . Spenser says

N e l et the Poa ba n or o her e il s r , t v pi it, Ne l et msch evo us w ches h he r charms i i it wit t i , Ne l et ho b o bl ns n ames ho se sense we n ow no t g i , w k , ’ Fra us h h n s h a b n o y wit t i g t t e t.

a a w Sh kespe re rites .

‘ ms a h n ma F a i r . E her I i e our s a e a d n u e y it t k y p ki g q it , O r el se you are that sh rewd an d k navi sh spri te Ca ll ed Ro bin G oo df el l o w : are you n ot be Tha t f rights the ma iden s o f the vil l agery ; S mml and so me mes l abour i n the uern ki i k , ti q , A nd bo o tless mak e the b reathl ess ho usewif e ch urn ; And so metime make the dri n k to bear n o harm; M sl ead n h -wanderers l au h n at he r h arm? i ig t , g i g t i Tho se tha Ho b o bl n c al l ou and s ee Pa ck t g i y w t , Y ou do he r o r and he shall h a ve ood l uc t i w k, t y g k A re you not he ? D o w ’ F a r th ou s eak st a r h i y, p ig t ’ I a mha merr an derer o f the n h & c . t t y w ig t ,

In Ireland the form has become pooba an d pbooca ; hence

Polla huc a W o o f a Puckstown p i n icklow , the po l the Phook L a ea C o f in outh ; Carrig phoo , county ork, the rock the

a a a L of a. Phook ; Ah phuc in imerick , the ford Phook The bi Th Norse word for the sprite is P a . ( is must be borrowed W w a a a and . n a C by . I A tive eltic ord c nnot ppe r in both H an W H . a ua a . l ng ges with initi l p . . S ) Pouke ill is emi

n ence o f a a o n ow a . on b s ltic r ck , deeply qu rried It is cross oa an d was a a a o w an d the r ds, , gener tion g , ooded lonely, on 1 2 2 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

a a a an d a t be border of l rge he th , likely spo to thought a H H . h unted . V. obs ole P r estw od an a a a and a o , ncient mo ted homeste d f rm in

W n ﬁ W a an . ed es eld . . 1 d 1 , 3 m . NE of olverh mpton 3 4 c ’

P r es ade . an d . P r es/ ade e /w . . . w , frequently A S M E , Pri st s

a a . wood . It l y within the bounds of C nnock Forest Edward III grante d it to the Dean and Ch apter o f Wolver ‘ ’ a as Prestwode the o a it h mpton , but monks pr b bly held

n G a u a o f lo g before . r nts were freq ently mere conﬁrm tions m w a r . a an had as as o title If no deeds, often the c se , they ‘ ’ w was et a a ere lost or burned , it worth his while to g gr nt ’ the a wa a a from king, which he could l ys do for consider tion , and t was a a Wednes hen his title indefe sible . The m nors of

H an d a all a an d w ﬁeld , ilton , Fe therstone , djoining ithin the T C u . Forest , belonged to the monks before the onq est hey w a an d a w ere indulgent l ndlords, llo ed enclosures freely, or

v a m H a a a on ery e sy ter s . ence the m ny ncient encro chments and a W W v a N of . mo ted sites to the . ol erh mpton r W P e tw d a a . N . of . s oo , ncient est te, 3 m Stourbridge ’ 1 2 c P r esl wada 1 n s aw de P r es/wade a a d 1 . r e / a . 3 4 c P , . Priest s

W dn sﬁ ld w was wood Prestwood in e e e ) . This Prest ood K u an d v . 8 in inver Forest , lies on the ri er Sto r In the , ‘ an d 1 0 f W a at 9 , c . the bishops o orcester held l nds Sture, ’ v in the pro ince n amed of old Husmere . The bishops lost

o r e 1 0 8 6 . disposed of this property b fore , D not recording

as o them p ssessing anything in Staff ordshire . Since the Conquest Prestwood has n o t belonged to any ecclesiastical

and a a body, there c n be little doubt its n me is derived a f W from the ncient ownership o the bishops of orcester . ‘ ’ The province of Husmere (elsewhere written Usmere) is

6 Ca t . o a n ﬁrst recorded in 73 ( r Sax . before the f rm tio f an o d I smere H . counties , is now represented by ouse, 4 m

S . of Prestwood .

P ri estﬁ el ds h B be , . , in ilston . The property here once artl to at a the at longed p y the church Penkridge , p rtly to church

t n and a to a a at B s the a Stre to , p rtly ch ntry il ton hence n me .

1 2 4 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

’ an d v a a Radmore visitor here , expedited se er l ch rters from .

was a a a a There lso mon stery h rd by (site unknown) , which v Wa a a t o f remo ed to Stoneleigh , in rwickshire , in the l tter p r ’ 1 2 a and a the c . The ro d to the king s house , to the mon stery

W v n S . o a d from the , led o er the m or, would be the prin c i al a a to a as a Ca R p ppro ch those pl ces , lso to stle ings,

a a R admor e a British fort. In e rly reco rds the n me is spelt m d n d P a da ara. is r ad r a e a a a . . I think it A S , M . E . , ro d ,

- S n . . mr mr e a . an d . a d o o a A . M E , , moor the ro d moor ’ ‘ Radmore La 2 111 W of G a a a on ne, . . nos ll , ppe rs to be

‘ ’ an a a C t an d Radmo re a ncient ro d to hes er, Pl in , 3 m . S .

o f a B an a e wa a a M rket osworth, is upon nci nt y, pp rently

R a a out f Wa l t a om n , le ding o t ing Street a M ncetter

Man daesseda m L V. Ra ( ) to eicester . dley Moor. R ak e E n d R a e L an e B ak ewa B ak e r Th e , k , y , m oo ,

R ak es or R aik es are or a a . These common ﬁeld loc l n mes ,

be aib w w . r a r e a a a . The root is M . E , , y, p th The ord is

Whi r k W in r k as a ufﬁ . . te a e a a e sometimes used s x , e g , , Dirty

a Hi hrake Dee rake Hardrake O a G a Ra r ke , g , p , , utr ke , re t kes . I n the Lake Country it is commonly applied to the n arrow

a a w are v p ths long hich sheep dri en to the fell . In the Mid l ands the n ame is often applied to localities adjoining ancient

w a a commons through hich the c ttle were driven to p sture . ’ ‘ O u a was on of and An tr ke the edge the common , the

was v out v . stock there collected for dri ing , or dri ing home

e k wa a he O . r i a T root is doubtless N . , y, p th . The word i C u a . m st h ve tr ckled down from the N . since the onquest an d aff av It is common in Derbyshire N . St ordshire I h e

w of . a a to av not met ith it S . Shenstone The word ppe rs h e

a a a a and a been pplied to c ttle ro ds, sheeptr cks, ﬁeld w ys , not

h a a or a G a to thoroug f re ro ds public highw ys . From re t

a our a a G reatrex an d G a o R kes we get f mily n mes re t rex .

W. A 1 R amsh rn o r B amsor 8 . of . o , , m shbomurne 3 c , R mmassar e 1 . R a sor a e 1 a 6 . R omsaver e ; 4 c . ; c The ' l a a . ar . over mor e termin l is cle rly A . S af , M . E , (frequent y

A r mm mm a ar e a a . . a ra shortened to ) , b nk , border . S , , me ns — RAKE END RA Y 1 2 5

‘ ’ a ramand h ma a a but a , t is y be the r m s b nk e rlier forms

R amw n a a . as o t a n . might le d to nother conclusion p . until after the Conquest ( an d Ramshorn probably bore its

Hr . m a . . a n a Hr a n n me before then) (The A . S p . n f bec me a i a n mn at Hr emand (by ssim l tion off to ) , l er , the preﬁx here ma a Ramsle a 1 1 y represent this n me . y, i n S lop , in the c . a a as R amaslaa a an d Hr amaslea e the att ppe rs both g g , l er form

W H . a to . . . cle rly pointing the p n . S )

W. ff t n n t n . ta n/ n R an B e . R a o e o or o , 5 m of S ord D . ;

o un R n R ton anto . 1 . is 3 c , , frequently I think the preﬁx d d . r an r nd an r a n . a . a A . S . , M E , , edge , border The m nor o f Ra Pirehill d on the C nton lies in hun red , border of uddle

a o ut of d a stone hundred . The f lling the would be regul r.

d r lz R an w t an . . a . Ranworth (Norfolk) is in A S ch rter D .

R an debi L no w Ra an d records two ( incolnshire) , both nby ,

R o nda n ow R a n d d a a v v . two , , the , being ﬁn l , h ving sur i ed

Ra B n R an d l a w To . I transl te nton order to n ( a . ) sti l lives as a dialectic word ; rushes on the borders an d edges of l and ‘ ’ ’ v r Di f a ne ar a ri er a e called rands ( Halliwell s et. o Arch ic

n W a d Prov . ords) .

R awn i k e O ak a at a t t p , gre ncien ree in the fence of B au a at of Ca R a Can e desert P rk the foot stle ings , ne r the

n ook an d R C an d at ugeley olliery , now hollow somewh

- stag headed . It has been known by this n ame during living

R awn ike R an ibe and R a mi cb as it a memory. p , p , p , is occ sionall an d a a y pronounced spelt , is di lectic word (origin

- a ta a d t . a av a unknown) for s g he de ree , i . e tree h ing de d ta u t in a d o t o . an boughs s nding of its p It is used Americ , ’ i n 1 8 90 the forester of Bago t s Park called my attention to

n ik some rawn oaks . I think it probable th at Raw p e Oak has v a Ra f a a a o f . given n me to the modern ill ge of wnsley, h lf mile

B a or R e a Hall G a Ba an a a an d y , re t rr, ncient est te ’ a a 1 2 1 Williamo R eba ll i a house , now f rm . 5 f . Th s f rm

a a R ea is bounded by the river T me ; hence the n me . ,

R a R baa v a v a a a a y , , gi e n me to se er l sm ll stre ms in Engl nd ,

. a W W t . a w e e e t e g in S lop, r ickshir , orces ershir , H r s, Oxford 1 2 6 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE ' NA MES

an d Ca as n a C shire , mbridgeshire . Some writers sig eltic a a au origin to the word, but pp rently without thority. I think

ea a a r a . . . it is simply A . S . , stre m , with dded to it In A S w a on tba r e ea v . ch rters , on the ri er, is commonly met ith

an iber a and . . on tba r ea In M . E . this becomes , in Mod E ,

o r r ea an d so a w t , we build up new ord to the bewildermen

R ea a v a o f . n ot t at s a etymologists I do think h , ri er n me , in n a a . c a t t so is to be found y A . S h r er . If th be the pre

u t i s v a a C an . . s mp ion ery strong th t it is not eltic or A S word ,

i . R a wa a b ut s . ea s M E The , in S lop , nciently the Neen ’ ’ v Nurton an d a a ( . Nechells , , Ske t s A Student s P stime ,

i k r h 2 f ff R ic sc te . . o a . ar de ote R c e sc o . , , m S St ord . D ; — ’ R iba r descate. . i ar d R . 11 . R c a a . 1 3 c A S . p . ic rd s cott ge

R a R a ic rd ich rd .

i ta 8 SW f R d e . . o . R z e. g , in S ndon , m Stoke D . gg A . S .

b a . . r i a r a a a . w ry g , M E gg , gg , ridge The ord is extensively

. a an d a a va a used in pl n mes , me ns ridge of ele ted l nd , some

times slight elevations . R i d wa u d ew h na g y , R g ay ( T e) . This me is frequently R a n d borne by om n a other ancient roads . The root is

br c a a . . . r a r i w a . a A S y g , M E gg , gg , the ridged y, me ning ,

a a a o n v a gener lly, ro d ditched both sides , in con ex sh pe .

The a a are a R a awa l a R a a medi ev l forms gener lly gg y , gg , R a ew old C a gg ay . The hester road between C stle Brom w an d a was a and as ich Stonn ll nciently , still is , known the

wa R a wa W Rudge y. The om n y from Chester to orcester over Rudge heath (between Wolverhampton an d Bridgnorth) as l a R a a and a as l be S ta nw wa is recorded gg , lso ay (Stone y) . ua a a a o f R a Antiq ries ssume th t the n me is proof om n origin ,

but so nor a . a a a it is not , is Portw y (q The n me ppe rs

. a Hr c e R i e a . t as w cw R a sl r a t in A S ch r ers y g , g (g y ), gg ,

nd R a a gweia.

Ri dw ar e Hams l r ta l . R . R idewa e ( ) , 4 m E . of ugeley D . ,

R idwar e 1 R d a H ms a Haml . ew r a t l R idwar e l s a A. ; 3 c y , p . S . bamsteall b mtal R . a s d. id . t a wa a . R , M E , homes e For id re wa Maves n re ( y ) .

1 2 8 S TA FFORDS HIR E PLA CE NA MES

R od ton h . 2 . . R ad alde b as . . b stona , , m S of Penkridge D ; ’ 2 Ro b al 1 . R adbaldastana. T d e d s t a . A t c his is own ( . Ton) ’ Rodbaston was R a the time of D . held by ich rd the Forester . His a C and a a descend nts the de rocs, fterw rds the de Brocs and L of Ca and de oges , were chief foresters nnock Forest

at Rodbasto n a a a resided , prob bly in the mo ted site c lled H ~ Rodbasto n Old all . The house has long ago dis appeared .

- - B n n . R R ol l eston . . t o 2 otbal a , 4 m N of ur on Tre t 94 / s

‘ n 1 0 R l a ta l l ne o R a aas a a o oa tona. l 0 4 a/ s n ; D . l ter R l s ’ Hrothw l mo f 1 0 0 how This is u i s town . The for 4 shows

a u ar e rly corr pt or short forms set in . There e four other

R l a o lestons in Engl nd .

R wl e R e i s . u . 1 2 R aele o y g , 3 m SE . of D dley c . y ,

R obal a R oela R a al e 1 R a ala R oala. ﬁ , , g ; 3 c . g , The pre x is

. . b r oa r a r a b u va A r ab . r a r aw . S , M E g , , , , , ro gh , unculti ted ; — r a l . a a lea the te min l ey (q p sture , untilled l nd , the rough d ’ lea. . . an no t The A S M . E . forms for rough were pro ' H R n oun ced r a as r ow as cow . . j now , but ( in ) ence owley

Pronunciation has ch anged quite as much as spelling . The

a at the o f R m nor belonged to the king time D hence egis . A m anor once royal acquired an d m aintained valuable

‘ ’ v av a was a pri ileges . To h e been of roy l demesne cherished tenure .

l l NW. f Ch a wn h C 6 . o . R o a . . , , in heddleton, 5 m e dle D

l R oa banbala R awanba le R a eba a 1 . g ; 3 c g , . The preﬁx is

b . . a r a u d a A . . r a r b aw r r b an a S , M E g , , , , the termin l form

- — Ha a w. o f bea lb a w a v. , me do l nd ( le) the rough me do ( The ad r ab u a w a r awa j. prod ced regul rly in the e k declension , with r awan in the oblique c ases ; so that the dative would be r awan n r a a n baala w e Rown all has (sometimes writte g ) , h nce

W H. a . regul rly descended . S . )

NW R ade d R u d ar d 2 . o f L . 1 0 0 ear . y , m . eek 4 g ; D

die f r d = R a r d a . aa R a r d 1 . a e ; 3 c b . The termin l is A . S g (g y ) , d . . ear ar d a a a M E y , y , y rd , enclosure . (The preﬁx perh ps

sent a . n . R ada R a dda e the . repre s p ( is record d) , gen form R ODBA S TON S A L T 1 2 9

’ R a da n aa r d R a a 1 0 0 l « being g , ud s y rd . This by 4 wou d pro

a l R a de ea r d W H b b y be shortened to g . . . S . )

R el e R a e/ei 1 2 . R u el R a la S u g y . D . g ; c gg ey, gg g . A . . br c r — . a a i d a v . r a n l a . the lea y g , M E gg , gg , y (q . ) ridge . R a la the all ugeley town is on p in in v ey of the Trent, but

a a a o n Ca C a a the gre ter p rt of the m nor is nnock h se , lofty

at o o f a v ridge , the f ot which the town lies . The n ti es keep up ’ the o ld pronunci ation Ridgeley . W h . 111 6 S . f R u l e o aff . 1 2 R a wall 1 , , . St ord c . ; 3 c .

R ea la R awle R a la R awalla R awal R awal a R awell R awel , , , , , , , ,

wal awa ae R e R e R R w l 1 0 . R ea l T he e al , , , y ; 4 . t rmin is

l a l M a . w l a . walla a ll r c e rly A S . , E . , we ( Sp ing) . The preﬁx — A . a r b . r a b r a r oa wa u seems to be S . , M . E g , , , ro gh the

. R awa n an al R a an dzc rough Spring , the rough knoll , g , the

u c R a a n be e u are ro gh dit h , g g , the ro gh hedge , forms found in V R a . R n R wn l . . e a o a l . A . S ch rters owl y egis d

R u sh all 2 Wa a R iscba la 1 2 , m . NE . of ls ll . D . c .

a i bal R a issa le R asba e sc se sb R s a l . . r se r z , , . A S y , ( ) ,

i aba r a cba r is v — . r s s ba an d bale the y M . E , , , rush , (q . . ) rush ’ The a h a l a u . as p st re termin l mig t be construed h l , but balls were never b uilt of rushes it is more reasonable to co n h A . bea lb . a a t e strue it as a form of S . A consider ble p rt of

a lo w- an d an d o a a was a m nor is lying wet, bef re dr in ge gener l

l R asb m ust h ave been rushy some p arts are sti l so . forms

Rushalls a l . a and are the preﬁx to m ny p n mes , there two other

a R isa beala br ise beala r isc ba le br iscbalb in Engl nd . , , , ,

r iscbala are u A a , forms freq ently met with in . S . ch rters , ’ a - all pointing to me dow land rather than to a h .

t n h L R isal an 1 R as o . R ush t n . . . o , , in eek D . 3 c R h t n G r an e h . Bu . R isaton R us o g , , in rslem . D . ushton

a an d R al me ns the rushy town V. Ton ush l .

f Ha len aff . 1 0 0 . S ell e S al t h . . o , , 35 m NE. St ord 4 ; D ;

Hal n W n d 1 S a t u . a O . . a a a 3 c . a , freq ently is the n me , me n s ’ ’ ‘ ‘ Ha w o f Wulfric t and salt . It is len in the ill Spot the 1 30 S TA FF OR DS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

‘

u B e 1 0 0 . . seall a . a o f . fo nd tion deed urton Abb y , 4 A S is s lt

are a c a w at W -ou- and There n ient s lt orks eston Trent,

Shirl wi h 111 ff n a f r fa in e c 2 . o o o o y , , but tr ces works sur ce br e

S aul u a springs at S alt . The 1 3 c . forms show the pop l r

a f v The a pronunci tion o the word to be ery old . prob bility ’ is a a Ha was a a a a a th t , origin lly , len n me pplied to s lt

u as Wicb n ow a a prod cing district , ( Droitwich) g ve n me to

- d - Wi ii c cb . a . sub cc . t the king om of the ( ) , i e s l men A n S al ters Bri d e a a a d . g , over T me , between lrew s Elford

1 . S allebr a a S altsbr a e S a ll er br a a. B r a e 4 c gg , gg , gg gg is one

‘ ’ ‘ ’ o f . is a a the M E . forms for bridge . It c lled S lters

a e ar Saltwa an a a bec us it c ries the y, ncient ro d from the

W - - n h r e wi saltworks at eston o u Trent a d S i l y c h to the E .

A l e e l a e a a - ut . sea r llar sa t r a a b / . sa S . , M E . , me ns s lt de ler,

the wa a - a al term s commonly applied to the s lt c rriers . S t was va u aso a a o f formerly, for rio s re ns , gre ter necessity life

ha and was d a all t n it is now, conveye on p ckhorses over the

kingdom . The roads frequented by these c arriers were

l Sal wa n r l c a d a u A . . a t s a e . led y , freq ent y mentioned in S ch rters

T a a all a The a hey r di te in directions from s lt towns . ro d in

l lac as Saltwa u question is sti l known, in p es , the y, tho gh it

i s an d u W w here there entirely dis sed . hen the bridge as ‘ a o a a o the u au a e l rebuilt , b ut sixty ye rs g , co nty thorities l b l ed ‘ ’ B bu ld a va T it Chetwynd ridge ; t the o n me pre ils . he

S l wa 1 8 a t s c . y were used until the beginning of the , when h a ua l u a al Ba l t ey were gr d l y s perseded by c n s. Dr. rth tel s us that in Africa he fell in with a caravan of camels

a a o n a l . h is lo ded with s lt, journey of mi es T ere ’ ‘ ’ ‘ f rd La an d a B 2 N W a Sal ters o . ne S lters ridge m . of

R a a o n a a a at ocester , pp rently ro d from the s ltworks Weston and Shirleywich to Ashbourne an d parts of Derby

ir sh e . W W h S al ters L an a a o . a a t e e, ls ll o d This is br nch of Saltwa Sa B an d a to y referred to under lters ridge, le ds B irmingham .

1 32 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

W . h a l . . n S ar ed on Li ttl e . S Ca ( ) , , in Sh reshi l , 3 m of nock

d n 1 aer d n a n d . a a S a . G a D S r esdona ; 1 2 6 2 S r o ; 5 c . re t

L a a a a a ittle S redon were sep r te m nors , though only h mlets h l f a . a G a . in the p arish o S reshi l V. S redon ( re t) W S c otl an d s Th e h . Bu . . o f ( ) , , in shbury, 3 m N olver l Th . ua at a a u a hampton . e h is sit te the corner of tri ng r

f a u l o al a . piece l nd , bo nded on sides by ro ds I construe it

‘ A S sc atl an des h s d e a . a o . . , corner l nds The root nothing to

. an d scat a . av with A S . M . E . , tribute , p yment I h e seen the d the K an d a a eeds from time of ing john , no speci l p yment l h as ever been ch argeable upon the l and . There are severa S l l a a . ma a a cot nds in Engl nd . In the N we y re son b y expect

S cot a a o r to h ve some reference to Scotl nd Scotsmen , but

la not in the Mid nds .

W b r a a h . S e e S eab ri d e 2 S a . 1 . g , , m . . of Newc stle 3 c p gg , ‘ i ba a nd . . S br e A scea scr . sba a p gg . . S . p, p, M . E p, sheep , M E

r a a br a e . a c gg , ridge , or gg , bridge As the termin ls conﬂi t t hey may be read either way ; but the right o ne must be br a e as lie on a a a l gg , the h . does not ridge , but in v l ey ’

two a u Shee brid e. where stre ms meet . It is do btless p g

S W . 1 0 0 ac e ea ed l e o f v a t . 6 S s l g y , 3 m . S . ol erh mp on c g ;

l u l . . S e aslei 1 l a en a S a as . s D g ; 3 c . gg ey , freq ent y The g in the l a . S ac a a u forms points to p . n g is n me freq ent y met with i n a - at S ec as- laa b . S ac esbaar awa S ac es e ch rters , e g. g , g g , g , ’

S eccaslea S ac asmar & T h c a Sec s lea v. Le . e c . , g , is is le rly g ( y) ' de i h W . asl e or 1 2 . S e f r . N aff . C d . g o , 3 m of St ord D y ; c

’ Casl e r de 1 n d S esl r d a . Casta or d u n a a o 1 . f ; 3 c y , freq e tly, f ; 4 c h este or d. v t a st S f (From the later forms it is e iden t t the D .

u an bl av ua va . . it O . . here m st h e its us l lue , i e represents E ,

so a ast 0r d w n an O . S eobta th t C e/ ould seem to represe t . E ‘ a S eabl r a or d seobl r a — prob bly f , from , brook , ditch the ford

d . W . oo H . of the br k or itch . S )

S ei sd on aff . S ei sd n h. , St ordshire hundred o , , in

ull 6 m W v a . The . S W. f T rys , o ol erh mpton hundred

l a a so a h doubt ess derives its n me from the h mlet , th t bot — S A R ED ON (LITTLE) S HA RES HILL 1 33 m a a . . S eisdon e S a isdona 1 2 an d y be t ken together D , ;

1 . S eisd n isden l o S e . a 3 c , frequently , The termin l is doubt ess C l a n . d c a d . n a e the e ti A S , hill , but the pr ﬁx does not a a W ai n . . S s a d S ais a a a ppe r to be A S In . me n S xon , ’ ’ and u at ea S a l T h W h I s ggest th the m ning is xon s hi l . e els appe ar to h ave been in possession of the country ro und W l a at 6 c . as 2 the o verh mpton the end of the , in 59 A . S .

‘ Chronicle tells us there was a gre at slaughter in Britain at

’ ‘ ’ Wadensbaar e W an d Ceawlin K g ( ednesbury) , ( ing of the ’ W Sa l l est xons) was driven o ut. It is therefore not un ike y a W a v a T i . a th t Seisdon is . sur iv l . ( his is unl kely It me ns

’ t a W a an E n lis s S al s-dun h t the retiring elsh c lled g b fortre s , an d that the English adopted the n ame from their enemies ! W ’ . H . d i f v a o . t . S ) I m t the force Mr S e enson s note , but c an u s ggest no other me aning . I do not think the preﬁx

a represents p . n .

S h r . W a d d l l wf h . cb l a r a d . S . 1 . S o o o , , 5 m of Stone 3 c f ,

l d alde sebald n . scea l sc sb . . sba a d frequent y A . S . ( ) , M E , , l or d . the ha o u at ow o d f (q s ll w ford . It is curio s th the sh u h ave been m aint ained ; the usual modern formof s uch ’ a a n me would be Shalford .

S h h i l l f W S ar aasad ar es . o a . . , 55 m N . olverh mpton D ;

1 2 . S ar asba 1 r a ca a r nesball S bar nsba ll . S a n s l S c lf ; 3 c f , , ,

ba r asba lla ll ba l a bar es l a. . S S ar asba 1 . S , 4 c The D termin l ed b a a a t . ba l a prob bly represen s A . S , he th , the Norm n scribes co mmonly using d for a medial o r ﬁnal tb ; some of

l bal a u are a . . s . . sc the s bsequent forms cle rly A S cyj; M E ,

a o f a a Shelﬁeld an d la are . shelf ( l nd) ( . ) , the ter forms M E . ba ll a a i an d are a , hill . They c nnot be reconc led , pl in

a a f al T he n o f the 1 0 . v ri nts o termin . in three 3 forms is

a l a a o r an a f or a as prob b y mist ke , error in tr nscription , sumin an d n a u the o f g this ( the is cert inly intr sive) , forms

the are a an d A . . . . S ceor preﬁx reconcil ble , point to the S p n f

. Sbor an d a w u S cea asba l b a r l ( pr f ), the origin l forms o ld be r/ , gy/j — r -m o r ba ll a a a . S cea as l r , ccording to the termin l ccepted / 1 34 S TA FF ORD S HIRE PLA CE NA MES

l Di . 0 an d caar ss ede a Cod. 6 S e ( moor) is found in p 5 , f ( ste d) m h in 1 98 an d 40 9 . I a indebted for t is interpretation to

W H S . . . W h. . f K S h atte rf or d N . o , , in Upper Arley, 4 m idder minster (on the road to Bridgnorth called in a ch arter of

‘ r 99 4 the 9 94 S citar esf or d ; 1 2 8 6 S beter eyo d. ’ S l ar sc — A . sc e sb a o a a c This is . y ( ) , sh oter , rcher the r her s

c ar e ‘ ma a S / e . n but . as a . ford y is not r corded p , y h ve

ne be en o .

h . . L caon . S ee NE S a ff . . S n , 35 m SE of ongnor, . t s D

’ T h l i n e scena ha . se is is the on y form I ve met with . A S . , ,

' secan e se sb a a a a ul an d ( ), v ri nt forms, me n be utif , I suppose ’ h a l u th at is t e me ning of Sheen . The p ace is bo nded by

v a an d a u a a . On e the the Do e , the M nifold , trib t ry stre m of ’ f ha a o scina &c . a l a a a an d me nings , , is de usive ppe r nce , t t me aning may attach to the name in consequenc e o f the

a a a an d a a a o f a l as dis ppe r nce re ppe r nce the M nifo d , described under Dove (q . also Shenstone . Sheen in Surrey ' A S ceon . . a is in S ch rters .

h l ﬂ l ~ W a ld 1 . e e d h . l N f a . . a S . o a S e , , 3 m . ls ll D f ; 3 c

‘ S cbal bal Sbe ba ll S cbal aba lla The a la f , l/ , f . termin ls in the ter

re a h - h lﬁ ld a a o a t e D eld. S e e f rms prefer ble to . f is moder tely

l A S . a a a on all T he . elev ted pl te u S op ing sides . root is

ail a . . sbel a helf a a a s a s . , M E / , ; in pl n mes it me ns shelve

The a r . b l . . b ll a o e a . l slope t rmin l is A . S y , M E , hill l the shelving hill . The popular pronunci ation is not She

l but S helfill Sbel an d Sbel va are fie d , . / common prefixes and terminals .

S al ton h el n S cel n 1 8 aba/ton 1 . S to . to e 1 S . D ﬁ ; 9 ; 3 c / ;

cb l n an A . . 1 . S e to . u e 4 c The D . form do btless repres nts S

V. S a l cl an the r l a l la . / , the town on shelve o s ope t b e nd

h lﬁ Th sb a . S e eld. e passage o f sc to scb and is regul r

D. S h en sto e o f Lichﬁeld. 1 1 . S censta n n , 3 m . S . c ;

S en esta 1 2 . S benastan S anasta n Sbenesl a na 1 . S bana ; c , , ; 3 c stan S c/zanesta ne 1 S cban aston a. . a a , ; 4 c . D pp rently blunders

1 36 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PLA CE NA MES

’ l a a a 1 are a U . h nged p Sir Phi ip Sidney s ys in Arc di , 5 34 So are these bugbear es o f opinions bro ught by gre at c learks into the world to serve as sbewel/as to keep them from those faults whereto else the vanity o f the world and weakness of ’ a f A a senses might pull them . Halliwell ( Diction ry o rc h ic ‘ and a W a : S ewall a a c Provinci l ords) s ys , sc re row , which generally consisted o f fe athers tied to a string to prevent deer ’ ’ ea thenr a G l from br king ground , by frightening . N res os ’ l l a o f Ha d sary gi ves the word as sbcw e las. Co es Diction ry r ‘ ’ W 1 8 a : S ewal a se t . ords, 73 , s ys , thing to keep out deer ’ l L z ud 6 1 a v a at In El is s etters , S . ii . , referring to isit tion

O u o f a 1 xford during the s ppression the mon steries in 5 35 , a nd u o f c o V o sa to the destr ction ondemned bo ks , the isit rs y

a a C u a th t when they c me to New ollege , they fo nd the gre t Quadrant Court full o f the le aves o f Duns S c otus ( an ‘ a c O o and add We fown de n ient xford textb ok) , they

Mr G renefeld e herin a o f a bowke one . e g t g up p rt the s id leiff s ( as he said) there to m ake him sawells or bl awnsber r s

a the to keep the Dere within the woode , thereby to h ve ’ w wn Bl awnsber s o r bl an cber s better cry ith his ho des.

lle appear to have the s ame meaning as sawells o r sbezva s. ‘ Sir a A a a so a Philip Sidney s ys ( rc di , p . And m nie

a an d a waies Z elrnain e d yes were spent, m nie used , while was like o ne th at stood in a tree waiting a good occasion

and G a a blan cber h a to shoot , yneci , whic kept the de rest ’ C h W ‘ deere from her. hristop er ace writes The ancients did formerly set up feathers in a line in their h a a W n a o ne set unting to fr y the be sts . e k ow th t if up a piece o f white paper it will make the deer bl anch an d balk ’ a wa a r . Bl ncba bla wnsber r bl a a nsber are o ld th t y , , , words ma a a o a u e ning, in hunting phr se , pers n or thing pl ced to t rn B ’ a a u a c a H. . s. a . the deer from p rtic l r dire tion . E . D l ncher

I n 0 . sbew an d b mbo h u . s ow are E synony s , t prono nced ’ o sbow T h a sh w , being the older form . ey me n to exhibit, to ’ v w u wa an a present to ie . I s ggest that the Showells s ncien t S HREDI CO TE — S HUGBOR O UGH 1 37

‘ c o o n an d ha sewalls sbewellas en l sure the Forest, t t these or

a hed eto s were used , prob bly on the g p , to prevent the deer

a a T p ssing from the Fo rest o n to the enclosed l nd . here

‘ ’ Sh W a l a ewell . o f C is ood , 5 m . N irencester ; Showel

’ ‘ ’ ' G a an d Sh ll m a r nge owell Mi , 5 . from Newport, S lop ;

’ ‘ ’ Sh l G S u l l . owe l reen , 5 m . from olih l ; Sewel , 3 m from ’ Lu W Glou B Sheweles n r. R c ton , in eds ; ood end omb , ’ cestershire a S l a e l ha an d ; howel F rm , b tween Me ks m ’ Ch e a W l s a Showels a . NE . o f ipp nh m in i t ; f rm , 45 m ’ Hu and H ll All la ngerford ; a Show i in Penn . these p ces

a re o r a c a . within, on the conﬁnes of, n ient forests or ch ses

S hr i h 1 S br a dicote . ed c o te a aff . . , ne r St ord 3 c , frequently

Th i a u e s A . sar ca de . . scbr ea de sbr ed a c t root . S , M E , , piece M ’ o ff o d. E n . T he a was a a a , g shred . loc lity prob bly det ched . i d a u a a a . sol ted , or o tlying portion of m nor or est te Sney ,

S ad . h l a a a Co . ne (q as precisely the s ame me ning . cott ge h f S h l l . o b r h a an d ba l C . u g o ou g , h mlet in o wic , 4 m E

S aff . . 1 obb r a b a r b ba ar w 1 6 . S b eba b S b b S tb r a t ord 4 c g , g , ; c

S ba tbar r ow Sbobesbar aw S babasbar aw S ba cbbor aw Sbab , , , ,

bar ow 1 c S ba tbor aa b an u a uc ; 7 . g . There c be no do bt th t Sh k burgh in Warwickshire and Sh ugborough have a common w and l . origin , it i l be convenient to consider them together

Shu S ocbaber e cb b an d a are ckburgh in D . is g ( ), its l ter forms

a cb I i S abar a S a ccebar a S ba bbar r aw and S ba cbbor aa b . t s g , g , , g

c a ha r v a A S le r t t the termin als in both cases a e ari nt forms of . . beor n a M d E . b r r ow . . bear a b bar aw bur /z bar oa b o . g , M E , , g , g , g ,

a u u l o w - The o a o r u a u . t m lus , , b ri l mo nd preﬁx in b th c ses

= be a sca cco se sb . . sca c is ( ) , which in M E becomes , l ter cbac e l h r u s b a an . T e , demon , evil Spirit , the devi fo m is fo nd

B r an 8 a la e Co d. in c . ch rter re ting to prop rty in e kshire (

. S ca ccan blaa S cacca n v r o f Dip , being the geniti e fo m

- — S cacca sc z sb an d blaa a o r u a ( ) , , low , b ri l mound the ’ d lo w ‘ ew d a emon , in other words the b itche b rrow, the

e e a an h pr cis me ning of Sh ugborough . I c not identify t is

Sr ca ccan/zla a a m g h n . I f u t wit a y present pl 11 . ext nt its for o h 1 38 S TA FF OR DS HI RE PLA CE NA ME S

’ a f a at now to be Shucklow. No tr ces o low exist Shug

so a l av e borough , but m ny ows h e b en destroyed in the course o f ages that its absence is but little argument against the

u Tu u w l a constr ction . m li ere former y reg rded with reverence

u an d a a ul or s perstition , I h ve known f rmers who wo d never

l u h u . a p o gh t em , considering it unl cky In Irel nd the senti ll a and are c ment sti prev ils , they ommonly supposed to be l o f a & c . . . c a are the resort f iries , In A S h rters they frequent y

‘ ’ a S u o ll referred to as the he athen b uri ls . h gb rough is sti

a la h c ommonly pronounced S b bo roug . S h u sh i on s an a a h a a an d , ncient mo ted omeste d , m nor ,

W n S basta n a . . . S caol as/a 1 . est te , 5 m of Penkridge D . ; 3 c ,

n baston 1 S ba sl on e . . S ba slo S c . , ; 4 c . The preﬁx is A S

sceat scat sc sb . . scbal scbate scal e h . , ( ) , M E , , , shot , s ooting w A S . . scbal /a a an a and as S cot as an . In M . E me ns rcher, ,

n h c an a c was all p . . , t ere be no doubt the n me S ot origin y

a an a . T he a stan an d pplied to rcher right termin l is , stone , ‘ ’ ’ ‘ I construe the name as S c ot s stone ; it may be the ’ ’ ‘ ’ archer s stone ; but probably the original Scot was so

a au w a a n med bec se he as a good shot . The f mily n me

S a A c an d a c hutt is equiv lent to r her , f milies of S ot (often

a h re l A ssumed to be of Scottis descent) a probab y . S .

V. Shu stoke .

S h st k e an a a a and a u o , ncient mo ted homeste d f rm in W l ll Ba 2 . . o f a a a G a . a re t rr, m SE s I h ve no forms e rlier

a 1 . v Shu c a as . th n the 7 , since when they h e been now

n r C Wa was S battestoba the stoke . oleshill , rwickshire, in

1 c . c a a u A 4 In this se I should ss me the . S . form (if the l ‘ f . a a was o . S c ol as S cal estoc sc sb p ce A S origin) to be or ( ) ,

' S cba ttasl be an d . . a S toc S toke a a the M E form ; , , me ns fenced ’ ’ ml u — a a . v S a p ce , m ch kin to Ton (q . ) hutt s (or the rcher s)

la . The a S cot w u an d S ba tt p ce p . n mes ( hen of So thern origin)

r m aa a e A. . sc t an a ar va a both fro S , rcher ; they e only ri nt s

a V. Shushio n s. in the pronunci tion of the sc. S il k mor e b 1 a . e mo e 1 and . S lc r , h m S . of St fford . D ; 3

1 40 S TA FF ORDS HIR E PLA CE NA MES

K ’ L act T he a n r. Smeaton n r. Pontefr ; Sme th ing s ynn ; i has ff a . a v w a n r. a Markh m Smeath Sw h m V. lso En lle, hich

a a simil r me aning.

W W 1 0 neda. h . N f a 1 S S n e d Th e . . o a . y ( ), , 3 m ls ll 4

‘ d nada a A . S n d . sna e s a a s a . . , M E , , me ns piece , fr gment ,

c ut o ff and . a c a something ; , in pl n mes , is ommonly pplied

to an u ac u o tlying , det hed , privileged, or intr sive portion of h h o f a manor o r ot er division . T is Sneyd is a portion the

a o f h u - m nor Essington , w ich intr des , wedge like , into the

a o f Wa a nd W dn s ld o f m nors ls ll a e e ﬁe . N . Derbyshire , under

h neil b r u S na il b O . . s No t ern inﬂ ence , the form is , from N ,

has nr. a . a C which the s me meaning Exs . : Sne d ommon

u Sn l W l S a edhil . o f a Sto rport ; , S el ington , S lop ; Upper ne d , L l a a ea C n r. a a ower Sne d , Sn d ommon , M mble , S op ; Sne d

W r r hire C c n r. c a a Mo n t o n e s oppi e enlo k ; Sne d (p rish) , E . g y S r Bu u n . a C neyd rslem ; Sn ith , in Yorkshire . In hirb ry ’ ‘ ’ a a a a ha n r. B m nor , S lop , there is Sne d mlet ishop s

Ca a S n etb S nada to stle , nciently , , formerly belonging Augustine monks ; it appears at one time to h ave been a a a a lu sep r te m nor, owing exc sive allegiance to the c a la an d was o f C r h tel ny of Montgomery, independent hi bury hu ndred .

S o erf r d h f B . 1 . o the m o , . , m E . rewood , on Penk river ’ 1 S ome o h l ‘ an d . r r d T e a a . 3 c f . termin l is p inly ford (q

is u ha A sa mor a to . . there no re son do bt t t the preﬁx is S , ’

. . sa mor samer u M E , , summer ; but S mmer ford is not

a a l we u a at entirely s tisf ctory , un ess co ld believe th t, some

w s a ua l l a r u . period , the Penk us l y on y ford ble he e in s mmer

- ‘ D . records thirty o ne m anors commencing S a mar an d ’ six S a mr e or d d f ( Somerfor ) .

S ow a f 1 2 and 1 . S owa , river, tribut ry o Trent . 3 c .

a S o w a an d a e Wa c There is river in Irel nd , noth r in rwi k

S ow an e . a and S owa d S ow . shire which is in A S ch rters , in

r f D . I strongly suspect th at saw and soug b a e variants o the

sa r and a a a a a s me wo d , me n sough , dr in, ch nnel (perh p — S NE YD ( THE) S TA FF ORD 1 4 1

a i sou b a . D t a formerly stre m) The Cent . e . ssumes g to be

but a a as of Norse origin , th t c nnot be , we ﬁnd it here in

o s the f rm of aw before a Norseman set foot in the country .

S taff r d . no t an . a o Is mentioned in y existing A . S ch rter b w ut s an A . S a a . an d a o f it mint town , e rly forms the n me

hav v o n at e been preser ed coins . The museums Stockholm

and C a u h a openh gen f rnis the best ex mples, the Norsemen

l a o a ﬁnding silver , then the on y coin ge , the m st port ble

lu . A n d . . al w n a p nder S coins were sm l , bet ee Sixpence

a z an d r shilling in si e , , the lettering being ude , everything

was a v a . A t a o f Ead ar 8 bbre i ted Stockholm is coin g , 95

hearin S ta t/z and are a 7 5 , g on the reverse ; there lso three

o f l - 1 0 1 6 a Sta tb and o ne coins Ethe red , 9 79 , two be ring ,

S ta at C a an a S ta tb an d ; openh gen there is Ethelred m rked , a Ca u 1 1 — t un 0 a S a t/rs. n te, 7 35 , m rked All these coins

u a are S tad or d do btedly refer to St ff ord . In D . the forms /

a n d S ta/ or d R for 1 2 . a f . In the Pipe olls the c the n me ' a a u as S ta t 0r d an d a a l S ta or d. ppe rs freq ently / , occ sion l y f l b d It is impossib e to doubt that the origin al form was S ta t f or . ff F or d . a a o f a a an d a (q . v ) me ns ford , crossing stre m , St ord

a on and a l . is situ te the Sow , within mi e of the Penk

A . sta tb stal be a a a or a . S . , , me ns b nk , shore , w terside The

l u n T amese . S . a t . . o word is frequent y fo nd in A ch r ers , e g (Th ames) sta lbe from Afen e (Avon) stalba to Shutsford ‘ ’ be Ealf rth l w & . O sta l e s o c . from Use ( use) to , in the N

n . l a il ba a a a a o a d E s is commonly pplied to river b nk , qu y, r

a u the of a a a the R wh rf. It is sed in sense co l wh rf in iot '

a a 1 8 8 6 . a G a o f a &c . D m ges Act , In Pe cock s loss ry M nley, ,

S sl ail ba as a a - a no w f u E . D . . , is given l nding pl ce req ently used to denote the foreshore of a river th at is kept up by ’ f a o r o r . means o f ggots or kids, by timber stonework

T are a a at a a av here pl ces n med St he , St thes , St thern , St eley, and a w a a the a e others with simil r preﬁxes , hich h ve prob bly s m ‘ ma a aff was al S ta tb root. It y be th t St ord origin ly , the river ’ ’ ‘ t describe it and at was a a a o . s side , th ford l ter ddition S TA FF OR DS HI RE P LA CE NA MES

i ua o n a a o u a L s t tion , being gre t thor ghf re from ondon to W Chester an d the N .

S l o ntana. . . f a . . h . . o S t an d on . , , 4 m N Ecclesh ll D A S stan tan a au the i a , , stone town ; prob bly bec se or gin l settle l was u l o f . . u a ment b i t stone , A S ho ses being gener l y wooden

The r i a tan an d don are l structures . te m n ls frequent y inter l l a . an . S l an as a a a ch ged preﬁx , p ys prominent p rt in p

l tana S ta nta n an d S tan l a na a . . c S on n mes D re ords ﬁfty , , , nine

S l an dane and S tan da na S tan or d an d a u , nineteen f , bo t ﬁfty other m anors commencing S ta n There are also sixteen com mn cin S l a in all r h a n d L o e g in Yo ks ire incolnshire , sh wing how sh arp an d prevalent the inﬂuenc e of dialect was at the a an d u a a time of D . Merci ended North mbri beg n

W D ar e a the o at . S . She ﬂi eld and Dore , 5 m of , me ns do r

w a t o o f . a (of the N . Dore pl n mes h ve to be

d c a . r hu a al c and S . construe by No t mbri n di e t . of it by Mer i n

taneso a. h h . 6 NW f A . . S S tan s o e . . p , , 5 m o shbourne D p

an as d bo v H — . st an a a A S . , stones, p , lley ope) the stony v alley.

W u . . tan t h . a A S 111 . S . on , , in Ell stone , 5 of shbo rne D

- nt na. l o a . . stei n an V. S a o . S t . A S , stone town t nd n

ta en l l . W 1 2 n N . f u . S S ta e h i h 2 . o p , , m Sto rbridge 34 p

S l a l o r ba ll . en u f . S sl a o a a c o . p is orr pt form A p , pole

l a a u a a & The a o f a c . pi l r m rking the bo nd ry m nor , est te ,

i s u t S . c word freq en ly met with in A . ch arters in des ribing

e a a u f properti s . St penhill djoins the b o rder of the co nties o

‘ aff an d W T he a l of the St ord orcester . me ning is the hi l ’

ta o l . V. Ba s p ssetts Pole . h f l . 11 1 ld S tat d . Ta . 1 . l adwa . S o , , 3 NE of mworth 3 c ,

ea d ta/ ld h S l al S o . T e w u f , f in the ﬁrst form is do btless

' f f r h n d w a a o a c o t e . . a mist ke s ribe f , A S f being much

l and t d a a o a . . . s o ike, s metimes not distinguish ble A S me ns a u a o o f and a ld a o o r c st d , tro p horses , f f ld , en losure for h — f h m v u C . S d a a . to t em the st d fold , Studley (se er l), Stod ma d an rsh , Stu l d .

S TA FF OR DS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

S t c ki n Lan e S toc k i n s Th e . T are o g , g ( ) hese some

w a u a v a a o r h t plentif l n mes , found in the icinity of medi ev l , ‘ ’ h a e u . o a t e l ter , nclos res St cking me ns grubbing up or

a c learing of wood or wild l nd formerly a common oc cupation .

It is equiv alent to Ridding an d Birc h (q . and also to ’ u Our a t a an un satisfac st bbing. diction ries re t the word in ’ o a an d as w vi a t ry m nner, some if it ere pro nci l ; but it is

H. . u u t . . The o . good 0 E E D . will do btless do j stice it

’ - - S k r n S l ocbe. S st c a a to e o T e t . . o up n D A . . , pl ce a t b . Bu a n ba r a T o n and . . fenced in , equiv lent to , ( ry) D

- a n a the records forty three m nors of the ame . Soon fter

Conquest most Stokes assumed distinctive additions .

S n 1 t ne ne n to e 0 S o S to s u . . sta . 3 . , , both freq ently A S . , W ’ ’ ston es o . ha o stone , , st nes t stone , or stones , Stone t ok

a we an d a a its n me from do not prob bly never sh ll know . NW f Li hﬁ i l l h ld. 1 ton welle S t n e we . . . c e o o . S y , , 3 m 3 c ;

iw le an l l 1 . Sl on al S t wa l Stan wal a. an a 4 c , y , y This is ex mple

a f el n l h of interch nge o the terminals w l a d wa l . T ere is l H u a wel . a aff . no do bt the right termin l is Sh w ( ist. of St s

2 a a a o a a u t . 2 2 ) s ys it t kes its n me fr m sm ll ro nd piece

o f a the o a Sto ne well and a l w ter by r dside between y F rewel ,

a a l SE. o f a u l hi h bout mi e F rewell ch rch , in the midd e of w c ‘ is a l arge bo ulder stone ; an d he adds : T he common

a e a v people h ve b en superstitious bout its being remo ed , ’ a u al a im agining thereby th t some injury wo ld bef l their c ttle .

W a 1 h . . a 2 ta nba e t n . S a S t n n al l . . S l o , , 5 m NE of ls ll c , ’ ‘ a a S n d Ha b e . a a al . . This , I think , is stone h ll ( t ndon le)

A s bale a a of baa/b a - a ma a is lso form , me dow l nd , it y me n

S a an d all tony me dows , Stonn is stony .

S t u r v u a v e a o , ri er, trib t ry of Se ern , is mentioned in s ver l

S as S tar o r tar e l a o w . T are . a S A . ch rters ( ong ) here

ff r la all av a a . six di erent ivers in Eng nd , h ing simil r e rly forms

h as an be a . as u Nothing c m de of it in A S . It been g essed

W s dwr a but a as dwr elsh y , the w ter ( th t is impossible , is

a l a W dw r w u modern col oqui l form of O. . f , hich co ld only ‘ S TOCKIN G LA NE S TREIGH TS ( THE ) 1 45

da zrar K u appear in English as dooer or . The entish Sto r is

The a a as ta r ia . G recorded in the 7 c . S n me occurs in erm ny

the S tar a aff u t the in , northern l en of Elbe , the old form of

w r W T h u i a H. he o u hic is recorded as S t . . r ot do btless

lies in some archaic continental l anguage .

h W f u d . S t urt n . o o n o o , , 3 m . . Sto rbri ge, the river Stour w u 1 2 2 Sta r /on 1 2 S ta r /on . V. 7 ; 5 5 . The to n on the Sto r

an Stour d Ton .

ﬁ l 1 2 1 S t - n Li h e d 2 owe. t w n r W o S t w n r. c . S . o , o , eston

e w an l T 1 S tow A . S . sto a rent . 3 c . . , enc osed pl ce . NW S h al l h . 1 . . S ta r z es tr ams . . , , 5 m of Uttoxeter D g g

ball l r an r icbesba ll S tr a n g esball S l r a n r icbasball e 1 . S ; 3 c g , , g ,

l n ic n ba l . . . S l r a l and S l r an asba 1 . S l r o as . . g lf ; 4 c g A S p n g , — li ’ l h b ll . ba ll Stran s T e . . c . A . S . y , M . E g hil A S form

w n l zca b ll ca a u S tr a s . cb c o ld be g y ( the being pr ) , which h h b Th 11 . a u f o r t e a t e e . co nts in forms . p me ns strong ,

str on c str on a robust ; in M . E . g be omes g , hence the ch nge in

. a the l ater forms One can readily imagine the D . Norm n ’ a a an d scribe being St ggered by the n me, pitying us poor

a a s v ges .

W f 1 2 Bi r h h 1 . o B . S r n l ef or d c . t a g , 5 m rewood 3 7

n e I t a Bir cb at a S tr a g lf or d. would seem th t is a l er ddition ; ’ a ‘ a a o f a a n ew i t me ns bre king up wild l nd, enclosure

le Bir hill F or d a a a . S tr an c s . . ) , the crossing of stre m ( Ford) g (weed) is a provincial or dialectic word for the Or obancba and Casca l a a al - ﬁtch a , lso c led choke , chokeweed , str ngle T N. a an d a . . t re , other homely n mes (E P , here is

a a w ma at av a stre m here hich y, some time , h e bounded with w this eed .

f h ld 1 2 8 6 tr atba e h . 2 Li ﬁe . S S tr eeth a . . o c y , , m N y ;

S i r e/ba a a . I cknield t a y , frequently fterw rds The Stree p sses ‘ a and the a o f a through the h mlet, me ning the n me is the ’ nd Ha ha . V. a . y, or enclosure , on the Street Stretton y S tr ei h ts Th e a t a w a w g ( ), Sedgley, is s eep n rro ro d bet een

and H . av the na bu Sedgley imley I h e no old forms of me, t 1 46 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

an d v its o wn think the modern form is correct, con eys ‘ ’ ha w a a . s me ning The word no connexion ith str ight , but

f str ei w o . O . e t. as is M E . origin , derived from F. It spelt ‘ ’ str a it an d sl r ei bt and a a a w a a g , me ns n rro p ss ge ; hence ‘ ’ ‘ ’ S tr a its G al a Str a its of v &c . S tr ait the of ibr t r, the Do er,

a h d wa . . t e a an a w a (i e n rrow) is g te, n rrow is the y, hich le deth ’ a vii unto life (M tt . .

S tr f B . E tr tana 1 . ett n 2 . o s e o , m N . rewood D . ; 3 c T t Str atton . he initial E befo re Latin words commencing S

a an d ma d a . . . is only vowel sound , y be isc rded This is A S

r L an d an st a t . tr t t tr ata t s a a . . str a a s a t (from ) , M E , , s reet, — . v W l a . the a (q ) town on the Street. t ing Street p sses h a an d a the t t rough the m nor, Stretton , it is s id , is si e of the Rom an station Pen no c rucium; but I know of no evidence

- a a a to support that opinion . The Anglo S xons gener lly pplied

str a t a R a wa but a the word to om n y, lso frequently to other r a o ds .

- - n B o u . 2 Str etton S tr ett 2 . . f t o , m N o ur on Trent 94 ;

1 0 0 Str a tton t n e o n t. V. S tr a a . 4 ; D . The town the Stree

n r B wo I ckn ield a Stretton . re od . The Street p sses through the m anor .

l a 1 S 2 . ol ebal 2 n ll 111 . W f . S a N . a . ug , 5 o Ecclesh ll D ; c

S o enbull u a inbilla S a inba ll S o en n 1 . S g , freq e tly ; 3 c gg , gg , g ba l S a an a s S ac a l b la ha . , gg . The D . scribe blundered g w d as an A . . . 11 . S a a an a S p (sometimes written g ) , I re d this ’ u a anb ll w as S s i . w c c a . S g h ll The A . S form ould be g y , hich but a n . a c a a a ccounts for the existing S g me ns bird , of wa a a . ar wh t kind is doubtful Some suggest titl k , others gt il

‘ ’ Ch aucer calls the hedge-sparrow the beisagg e but it is much more likely the pl ace was n amed after a man th an a bird .

inada n 1 6 . wi n n h . 111 W . 1 2 . Sw S d . f o , , 5 . o Dudley c ; c

n an d w n d n . wi S o . u ta as . s y This , I suppose , m st be ken A S ’ dan— D n wa K v o . w s Swine s hill ) S indon in in er Forest , and the pasturage of swine in a forest was an importan t

1 48 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

S a wal was but tbal u an f , ; wo ld not yield y of the forms Wh a aff a u a v quoted . y St ordshire m nor sho ld be c lled Sil er

a sa an d town it is h rd to y, not worth while to guess ; but

u was the are ifﬁ I feel s re it so , though corruptions d cult to

u acco nt for .

NW ne h . . . 1 Sw S wi n sc oe . . , , 3 5 m of Ashbourne 3 c y

sbow S win iscaw S winescbacb . a , , The termin l is interesting an d v a in aff excessi ely r re St ordshire , though plentiful in

‘ ‘ La a and bo w b a s a S s o O . . nc shire Yorkshire . It is D nish , . g , N H sbo r a o . u g , w od ence, under Norse inﬂuence, the n merous

N -scaa b -scoa b -sca n a . w. Swi a termin ls in the , g , g , me ns

n N. and fﬁ u sa . a d O . swine , both in A S . , it is di c lt to y

w a . 11 S wa en hether the preﬁx represents swine , or p . like g

i ina v w S w . a (g y ) or ( S indon) . The prob bility, I think, is ‘ ’ ’ a th t the name means the swine s wood . h NW f . 1 c S r esoote . 111 . . o a 1 0 0 Sir i es y , , 3 T mworth

t F r zCesc l e 1 2 ir a c te ir c c co an . a . S s a S i bes ote. ; D ; c , The

F a a of b D . is doubtless mist ke the scri e or Copyist for ‘ S i T he t . . ta . ﬁrs form is perfect A S for the cot ges o f ’ ir i n e ar c r va Sirie . S c a d S g i a e only riants o f the same n ame ’ ic n S i ar a d a v . ( g being the old correct form) , me ning ictorious Cotan is the plural o f col a ; the later forms drop into the

a singul r .

’ ’ W Hil l h. T al k 0 th a e . Tal c , , 5 m . . of Newc stl . D ;

Ta lb W a l 1 . twl cb . a 3 c . . This is , height , hi l . The h st nds W o n a U o at N . a a high ridge p n the gre ro d . The form is r re

a a SE B a t C a in Engl nd . T lkin, 3 m . . of r mp on in umberl nd , ‘ ’ a an a a nd . a G . is prob bly ex mple , me ning little bill . In I

l a lacb . ta ll a a u am a h the form is (pr ) , hence Tull , T ll ore, Tull g , w & c . a . Tullo , , in Irel nd

T ame v a 1 . T a b me Tam . e , ri er, tribut ry of Trent 3 c , ,

Tame ma . a to sa t l a e It is e sy y his is A . S . , t m (the opposite o f w and it a a a no ild) , is pl usible lso , bec use there is other w wn to a ta a n a n ord kno us more ccep ble . There is lso o re so S WINS COE TA TENHILL 1 49

t a a a a a to doubt h t the Th mes, the Teme , the T me , the T m r,

a a so at its a h ve common root , th me ning is interesting . f a w not a as an . . an d Pro essor Ske t ill ccept it A S form , ‘ ’ suggests th at tame would be an unlikely term to apply to a h a t a . S . an d a river ; t t the root is older h n A , prob bly irre v a l T m . he a a a A S a as Ta ase co er b e Th mes ppe rs in . . ch rters ,

Ta mese Tamis an d Ta me but , , , those forms do not help us , an d av a a a an d we must le e the me ning of T me , Th mes , T be d v . has a v and v eme to yet isco ered It been s id , o er o er ‘ ’ ‘ a a a a but as so a a at g in , to me n t me ; , Profes r Ske t s ys , th ’ proves nothing . Canon T aylor writes : Thames is a Celtic

“ ” ” ’ a word meaning the tranquil or smooth river . Perh ps so but w a C w and ? ; h t is the eltic ord , where is it to be found

a ﬁ nzas H a a There is river in ung ry, giving n me to Temes var an d a Tama a a , river g in Sp in .

h W f T . Tama or Tam r n h. 2 N a w b a o . o . , , m . m orth D ;

1 2 man man n . Ta bor n 1 Tba mebar ne Ta bar . . c ; 3 c . , D blunders .

‘ ’ T m- n - a e bor n f f a . . o . or o is go d A S . the horn T me The h ’ is a n ‘ We sa situ te o the river where it bends hornlike . y the

horn o f a side s addle .

m h 0 ma or z e ma nwa r tbe Tama T a w rt 1 . Ta w tb Ta o o . c g , , wear /ba e Ta mwaar lbe Ta mewa r tbe Tamwa r tb Taman g , , , ,

w ar l bz Ta mawor da Ta mwar de. a av n g ; D . , T mworth, h i g a o f a u been residence the Merci n kings , is freq ently men

i n d A . or l b t o e a The a . w in their ch rters . termin l is the S

. a a ta ( q homeste d , f rm , es te . The preﬁx represents the

n d th a . o n a ua a e river T me ( q which T mworth is sit te , ’ ‘ n meaning is the farm o r estate o n the T ame . The in d f a . . a a o r some of the forms is the gen . c se D lw ys writes a a a l b medi l or ﬁn l .

W 1 Tal enb ll 1 2 T n h S . o f B . ate il l 2 . . , 5 m urton 7 7 y ; c

w an . . . Ta anb / nba ll ta as n . Ta a . Té t alle ; 1 . . 4 c A S fem p , ‘ ’ ’ and are all for a ll n the forms correct T te s hi , being the

w m f a an d Ta t . a . al c: a a as. o gen c se T s form the n me , f a a e n ames it a o . ; e formed the preﬁx gre t numb r of p , m ns 1 50 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

' ‘ u Ta twina Tatbalm joyous, cheerf l ; hence , joyous friend , , ’ u Tal wa u Ta /man n u joyo s protector, b, joyo s wolf, , cheerf l mn & a c . ,

. . Tana 1 Te an h . C . . , , in heckley, 9 m SE of Stoke D ; 3 T an d 1 . Tene Te ne. a a a 4 c , y kes its n me from the river Te n

ua . (q . on which it is sit te

v v n r . T ean , ri er , ﬂows into the Do e . Uttoxeter For forms h B a a a ur a . a s o a . Te n , h T is is rythonic n me , m ny of

n ar We av e u and a rivers a d hills e. h e the T lg the T ne in

v a a T and a De on , the T in in Scotl nd , the yne the Te m

ll a a . the N . a o in , prob bly from the s me ro t I think it is

W en tan G . l aine ain r a o f . l ain ta . l a a o form , , , , I , spre d

a expanse (of w ter) .

2 . . o f . 1 dd l e . T e es y, m NE Penkridge 3 c frequently

= Taddasl e Ha was o n e o f Teddesla . g (g y ) , ay Teddesley y

a of Ca ﬂ dd a o r the h ys the forest of nnock . is short

. av an pet form of some p . n I h e not met with y form

1 c . so a fﬁ to w before the 3 , th t it is di cult identify it ith

a a a 6 a a a any known n me . In ch rter of 9 3 pl ce is n med K Yieodecaslea a Co d. . g , which emble (Index to Dip ) identiﬁes i T But with th s eddesley . he is clearly wrong ; the pl ace f on a o f the a W re erred to is , the f ce ch rter, in orcestershire , ‘ ’ Tid le W W and s 1 111 . . of I do not doubt is y ood , Per ’ w a Ma of W 1 2 shore , hich in T ylor s p orcestershire , 7 7 , is

‘ m arked Teddesley Wood so that it is probable that both

v But Tedd od w pl aces h a e the same root . neither nor Tc ec as

n . . . n and t a na a A S p . , I sugges th t the me represented by

Tbaadr ie Tedr ic and a both forms is , sometimes written , th t ’ wa Th dri le Le T a a s eo s a . h the origin l me ning c ( a y) . e

a . a contr ction of p n mes frequently perplexes etymologists .

T orthelm a a , bishop , sometimes writes himself Tott ;

O rd ar O a and so a a a g becomes dd , on , men gr du lly dopt ing the short o r pe t names conferred upon them by their neighbours .

T ern v . a of aff e a a n t , ri er, on the NE bound ry St ordshir g i s

1 52 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES a comm anding situatio n o n the ancient frontier of Mercia an d ‘ ’ - lea a a a as . Northumbri . I re d th t the look out Professor ‘ S a w H o f a a the ke t rites ( istory Tettenh ll , If we t ke

as a . . Totan bal e . e l words (forms) they st nd (A S , D sp l ing ’ ”

Tal abala . . l atan beall a i . e . ) , then A S me ns tout s corner, r v - a w a ut a corner o con enient spy pl ce hence spy looks o .

Totan a an d the a f Tota n . o should be with long , is gen c se

' ’ - ‘ man . . Tata a s . , py or look out , Mod E tout for custom

a or l a - ut We It means the h ll dwel ing on look o hill . should w ’ call it Spy Hall if e had to m ake up the word nowadays .

But o one has l a . a . s me supp ied Mr . Ske t with wrong A S

a bale a o f o beall and bealb but termin l ; it is not ( form b th ),

- a V. beal w a o f bealb a a . , hich is form only , me dow l nd

Te t wi Tutbury and Ipstones . o cannot be connected th

' ’ t i . V v \ . . at a n . a n . . H It is p . ; cf Tetsworth . S ) The erb ‘ ’ ‘ a to tote is used by m ny M . E . writers in the sense to ’ ’ W ‘ u a out a a v . s. w tch , to look ( y s Prompt . P r , 499 , T te

f Li hﬁ ld Tb be om r h . . br Thi ck b oom . o c e . 1 , , 3 m SE 3 c . y ,

' - ib . mTb ebr amTbiba r m S t icce m . ebr o b o . . . b br o b , , A , M E

’ ibe- r om tisus e e r i u T he l b b C G n sl a sco a s. , thick broom , y ( ) p u - cou ntry aro nd was formerly he ath land .

r e C n a in 111 . f T a Tor Th st t e . o . . o p o n , 5 NE mworth D p ;

1 Tbar Constan tin . C a was a 3 c . p onst ntine the n me of its lords

1 . a a a l and a o f B in the 3 c They were Norm n f mi y , E rls rete ‘ ’ a C a and a a . ville, P cey, onst ntine , other pl ces in Norm ndy

Tbor l br a an . S . a a v a but p, p, is A word me ning ill ge ; the Anglo- Saxons probably bo rrowed the word from the Norse wh it was . are men , with om common Thorpes numerous

. an d E . w a a a u a in the N , here Sc ndin vi n inﬂ ence prev iled . W In the S . the word is unknown . The church is dedicated

. C a a of a to St onst ntine , prob bly out compliment to the e rly f lords . There is no mention o a church (or priest) here in d D. an wa a s a C t . , the church prob bly built by the onst n ines h r l NW a . 1 a Th T w e h . 1 l . l Tr a . e o y , , 5 m . of l m 3 c . g THI CKBROOM TIP TON 1 53

’ t a a a a a . Le . u ermin l is cle rly ley, p sture , untilled l nd ( y) P tting the o ld an d modern forms together I do not doubt the preﬁx h l br a b . . l br owe a a a . is A . S . , M E , s rcoph gus , tomb T ere are a u a an d a a coﬂi n m ny t muli in the loc lity , prob bly stone

‘ a a u - i s the origin of the n ame . In l ter times thro gh stone

a a a av - an d Wa c me to me n gr e stone , Sir lter Scott ( Anti F v w a . or uar a . x i q y, ch ps , xxiii) uses the ord in th t sense ’ T ru he an d . - . . S . s. h a Ca . . uthorities th Angl , E E T , g ,

’ ‘ ’ Th - f T . s. ru h a C . J amieson s Scottish Dict c st ne. hrow

K Tbr a r n br a . ac a d T b leigh in Devon , Throwley in ent b

ba mare n a . . a . pl . mes found in A S ch rters

T h u ﬁ el d N ew Ch a el 1 a rs . . , now p , 5 m . N of Newc stle

a as was a . a I believe the n me is obsolete ; but it D m nor , an d w a a T hursﬁeld identiﬁed ith f mily of , well known in

’ S aﬂ rdshi re an d a w f t o o . S lop, I think it orthy notice D .

a de e d T Ta 'edest n a r re as T r aal s l 1 . r z a T z d f 3 c ,

d a n Th i . . . T a r waal a to e. e s . b preﬁx the A S p n , which ppe rs

Tba r wald Ta r ld an r d T ar Tbar was a as a d Tbo ol . b lso , , , ,

d a d a u an we l a w . the S xon J piter , me ns po er, control It is n ot a a a as uncommon in e rly forms for the termin ls to v ry ,

tan an d ld. eld has u they do here , between ﬁ As f s rvived ’ ’ I give it the preference an d re ad the n ame Thurweald s ﬁeld

d l - a . a the a ( a Fiel ) . The Ang o S xons prob bly borrowed n me

Tbor aldr T a da ’ . a b r r e E d f rom O . N ; the form f s/ l looks like

Tbo r tba . . . a r i the O N fem . n me f

ff in tona. il li n t n a a th . Till T g o , djoining St ord on e N . D

la w a . . n f . u Tz as n . . o A S p , which the gen form wo ld be ’ t v l n an — l w a a Ti an Ti a t T a . T no , gi ing ill s town i l is f mily H a . : n me . Exs Tillington , Sussex ; Tillington , erefordshire ;

a . a a of Tillingh m , Essex I h ve before expl ined the tendency

n i n the gen . a to become g .

Tibin l on et n i i i a ne 1 . . Tiba T t . T b /o o p on . D 3 c , b , T bb h e . 11 . r w s b was an . . . . o a as t e , A S fem p St Tibbe y

‘ Wh an patroness of hunting an d h awking. en y noblemen ’ av t aw w R of Wa w h e lost heir h kes, rites John ouse, r ick, or " 1 54 S TA FF OR DS HIR E PLA CE NA MES

ta m e wa cannot me them , it is the custo to s nd xen models to ’ an d a T bba . the virgin St . y , they soon obt in their wish I do

u a a a St. not s ggest th t Tipton is n med fter Tibbe, but it is l 6 6 and a as possib e . She died in 9 , Tipton , bl ck it is now,

u a ar a was once a hunting co ntry . Pl ces e often n med after

We av Tibber ton G a s aints . h e in loucestershire , nother in W H Sa a n r. an d a n r . lop , nother orcester, nother ereford ,

a mn r Tibl bor e Tibsbal in s an b . Norwich , p in Yorkshire , f

h n d T / n b a a a a v . Der ys ire , p in De on h Ti r l e Ca tl e . a a a . y s , , on Tern river, djoining M rket Dr yton

Tir elir a r la r la b Tir el T . T e. V. H D , Ty , y g , ay ern . ere the terminal has conserved the old river n ame without the ‘ ’ n an d av a n excrescent , we h e the p sture o the Ter. NW f i n sor h . . o a oa r a 1 2 . T tte . . Ti t s , , 35 m Stone . D ; c

Til esoa r a a z v Til nasovra 1 Titnesbozrar a a ( ) , ; 3 c . . The termin l

’

A S . o er a r e a ar a a a is . f , f (l ter ) , border, m rgin . The preﬁx is

a a . n . u sa Til a . l il ta . cert inly p ; I Sho ld y (pr ) , but the gen

Titan n w Til a o r e or a . a t a ould be , yielding f (or ) I c nno ccount

s a n a ma for the persistent fter ( a double gen . ) The n me y ha Tidwina a Tidan an d Titin we ve been , p ssing into ; should

’ n e t Titaneso r e a Tidwine s the g f , me ning border , i . e . the

a of a a a a bound ry his m nor or l nd ; the ex ct n ame is uncert in .

w lt Tittes rt . V. o

h n r L e Tettes b te ar b Ti tte w r th . . . 1 wor l I k sw t s o , , e k 3 c . , .

H are a a n n r ere we free from the emb rr ssing o f Titte so (q . / Teta a T l e n . t w . Ta a t as a . . . n and a , , , A S fem p , this is cle rly ’ — a W . T Tette s worth farm or est te orth) . Exs : etsworth f Hu T n r. O w C at x ord ; Tet orth , nts ; Tetton , heshire ; ton ,

T wo h ci te Te Tat/a /a C at rt . T ta Tat heshire ; , Somersetshire , , , ,

are be a T a . . . considered to pet n mes . ( his is not fem p n — T ’ o n ac u . as mas. Taot e t . co nt of the gen . It is o s worth

W H . . . S )

l l Ticbesbala cb b Ti x a . . of aff . . , 4 m SE St ord D ( ) ;

Ticbesa le be a l cc icb wa an . n . 1 2 . Tz sb a Ti a l s . . c , . (pr . ) A S p ,

o a a m l iccen a Titchbourn Ha s pr b bly short for of , kid . , nt ,

1 56 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NAMES

i f be applicable to the Trent t is di ﬁcult to im agine . The a a not La an Old C i n me , however , is prob bly tin , but elt c

an d Tr en t a a form , I think the root of lies in some rch ic

d a has a a an d . l ngu ge , its me ning yet to be iscovered

m 111 NW f r en am 1 n h . . o . . T b 2 T r e t a , 5 Stone D c .

Tr en tbam u . B a the a , freq ently eing situ te on Trent it t kes — v . its namme from the river (q . ) the home on the Trent Ha . ( a. ) h SW f Wolverham Tr esc ot . T r esc ot G r an e 11 1 . . o , , g , 4 p

0 Tr esel c a 1 0 6 ot . V. . ton . Trysull Tr omel ow e a a R Wed , f rm , commonly c lled umbelows, in

W r me ﬁeld a 1 v a . 1 . T o nes . . p rish , 5 m N of ol erh mpton 3 c

b eld o r alo e 1 R oml ow a 1 . i n l mw l aw ; 4 c e ﬁ f Tb a ; 5 c . y

a b r am w at Wednes 1 . l T l owas 1 0 a a as 6 e y . In 9 b ttle fought

ﬁeld a an d the a the a between the S xons D nes , in which S xons

v w a the . C . g ined ictory (A . S hronicle) Formerly there ere a u a - u a a Horselo w w m ny b ri l mo nds round c lled , Ablo , North

Southl ow Low L Lo w Thrombelow an d low , , the , the ittle , ,

a of w av . I su est a others , the n mes hich h e been lost gg th t

r ma . e e . t a ml r oma o . . tr a the ro t is A S , M E , , legion , troop,

an d l - Low a t b a w . l awa a a a . rmy, hos , , M . E , buri l mound ( )

u ia - u of r was a War the b r l mo nd the army o host . There

' wi kshir . ela a c e D hundred (obsolete) n amed Tl em . (More T m m . . r a a an b ut a likely from the p n , unrecorded regul r for

‘ ’ of a a w Tr a m tr a m a n me beginning ith , strong ( me ns ‘ ’ ua a a an a and sq dron , b tt lion , not rmy, is unlikely to occur

‘ in local n ames) . Rumbelow is probably from at T rume ’ W S . H. . lowe . ) W W Tr sul l 111 . S . of a . 8 an d 1 0 0 6 y , 5 olverh mpton 9 4 ’ Tr esel Tr aslai 1 2 . Tr se a r ez l e l T e e. D . ; c . The n me is pr . W . l r as/l a O . I suggest the root is , trestle (from . E ’ W H w n A S ut . ot a t . b . The ord is dmitted o be . ; it

a b au e W. it must h ve een , bec se , b sides being in , is found

. . as l r estel l r esl lis a and tr esl es. 1 . . in M E , (plur l), 5 m N of is T a Tr esclcal e— he Trysull resco t ( q . nciently t trestle TREN THA M UTTOXE TER 1 5 7 co t a a cot was a ; prob bly bec use the built trestle f shion . There may have been some connexion between the two pl aces as

a a a are a the root is cert inly the s me . Pl ces often n med from

w l out o f a ta some d el ing the common . E rly household bles ‘ ’ o o f a a a c mmonly consisted bo rds l id on mov ble trestles . h T ere is no other Trysull in England .

h . Tun stal a . . Ta nastal Tu n stal l Pot , , in Adb ston D . (

i l a n l h te r es 1 2 2 Tnasi a a D s/a . T un stal l . 1 . ) . 3 , l ter , , 5 m W W v a l N . 1 2 a ns al a . T t . V. . of ol erh mpton 3 7 Dunst l

T ebar a a e r e Ta tte T u tb ur . at i 1 2 . S l t ba i y . D c , frequently,

ba / Ta tebir i 1 . Ta ttasbir i Ta lesba r S S tate y , ; 3 c , y . The in ber ie a a an v is excrescent , not uncommon ddition to intensi e

’ - . . s a ae e w san a . a e z . . a i preﬁx, g g , from A S , to crush ( Ske t s o f rst ma Principles Etymology , S . It y therefore be t Ca an d rejec ed . Tutbury stle lies close to the church town , on a lofty mount comm anding a wide prospect over the

al v an d a u a of Staﬂord v ley of the Do e , st nds pon the bound ry

and w w a shire Derbyshire , hich , in remote times, ere prob bly

u a a a al at war . nder sep r te rulers, occ sion ly I think the ‘ ’ a o f a - or a me ning the n me is the look out, w tch , town

a . av . as. ( a . Tettenh ll) (No . The forms h e gen It is from —‘ ’ ’ Talt Ta tl a w c . a . . . p n (cf , hich is re orded) Tutt s burgh

W. H . But a are es. . S ) the e rlier forms without

W v r h ill a a Bu . . U n de , ncient est te in shbury, 3 m N of ol er

a 1 2 Tbomas- an der -tba- ball R icba r d Un der ba ll h mpton . 3 7 ,

e a at 1 369 Tbomas Undar ba ll . The homeste d lies the foot of — Un derhills a ba ll . Bushbury Hill M. E . The held the est te

1 6 1 w H . has till about 7 , hen Sir ercules Underhill sold it It given name to a l arge an d well -known South Staff ordshire

a l f mi y .

b sbede 1 2 . Ul l acbasbader e U/a bas . Wal oc a U ttox eter . D c ,

b ba b Ottobesbal ber Haltabasacr e r 1 . If atto as ba e ; 3 c g , , in con

u Oltobasbal ber 1 . Uttax atr e Uttox balber j nction with ; 4 c , ,

tt sbatber ttacbcesl er Utcbel ar 1 6 . Utcester Utsater U ox e , U , ; c , , 1 58 S TA FF ORDSHIRE PLA CE NAMES

batbe d Uttecesl er . a bade a The D . termin l must be re d , the

D n lb . S balb as a . a . . . . representing, usu l in , A S It is A ,

batber ba dder balbar a . a va a M . E . , , , he th The medi e l termin ls r f a all . ceste o a point to this The , in some the l ter termin ls , i a a o f a a a as v s probably f ncy ntiqu ri n scribes, Uttoxeter ne er

w R a as had a c a as a . . stle , nor it om n town The gen in the

w itl ac. a . a Hw e arly forms points to p n . hich I t ke to be

Wol acb Wbal ac r U Th c f was t o l l oa. e o There no . , ( the ter

a acr e 1 . a 1 c and t n min l ( 3 c form) must be re d , being ofte

W. H S . a a . t at indistinguish ble . ) I h ve no doubt h the ‘ wi ’ ’ b me aning of the name is H ttuc s heath . Initial before

l r 10 began to drop o ff or fo low the 10 befo e the Conquest .

was on and beatb Uttoxeter the border of Needwood Forest ,

has Wol acb would be a likely terminal . D . no other preﬁx but it has a Witocb which probably also represents Hwittac

Whittu k n d Wh t k W a c a i toc . H (modern surn me . .

l 1 a k l f C . a W l l l k Mil . . a I l i l Wa , 5 m S o nnock Alw ys . l a a a . This is common n me , especi ly in the N It is from

alcer a ber a u A . we . . wal S . , M E , f ller of cloth , from the verb

walbe . H W l weolc . . a . a a , M E , to w lk ence the p n mes ker ’ ‘ W av a and u . a t F ller All lk Mills h e been, some period ,

r cloth o fulling mills .

W Li hﬁ 1 . S ld. 2 Walla 1 W l l 2 . l W a . c e . a l , m of c ; 3 c ,

weal . a l la Wall e . . ] . wal w ll a l a Wa . a , This is A S , M E , , W W a a of a o r a o f . a a r mp rt e rth , w ll stone ll is on tling Street,

o f R a f Et etum an d on the site the om n city o oc . The foun

R v a v d ations of om an walls are still isible . There is illage ’ Wa a R a Wa an d ll , in Northumberl nd , close to the om n ll, ’ ’ W W f L 1 w 1 . S o w . as Wa a . a l h ll, m . eek , hich in the 3 c ,

and h f a . H belonged to t e Priory o Trenth m Mr . enry

B a w t the a Oct . 0 1 8 8 6 an d r dley ri es in Ac demy for 3 , ,

Nov 1 8 f W wa e m . 8 a the R an na o a s L l ocal a 9 , 9, th t om me ll

Etocetuma o r a z as o f (not ) , corrupt l tini ed form , he suggests ,

. W La il c a . o l M d W d d h O o . . Llw coe t of t e w o ( y ) , ci y grey o d

1 60 3 TA FF ORDS HI RE PLA CE NA MES

a W s s forms or loc l knowledge . here the pos essive is found

h ra is ma a n . in t e forms ( it rely ) we y ssume the p . ; but ‘ ’ Walatana u as a a I sho ld cons true the w lled town , me ning

u u u a a an ﬁel - an enclos re s rro nded by b nk d ditch ( d like) . Occasionally the n ame might arise from the existence o f

R a a man a or om n rem ins, or fro ncient entrenchment , dyke,

- l sea wal .

h . n W le/o e. W al ton 2 . . a . . a , , m SE of Ecclesh ll D

h Wa lat na . n l n . G a . . a W l n h i W a t . a t o , , in nos ll D o , ,

W atana W r . Ba . al . V. a n . S tone swich D . lton

h . Al ﬁ r ar l w st n eld 8 . L Wa es W s o e . . . o , , in , m N of eek D

Wer sel 1 0 a a l ow . lie ; 30 ow. I ssume the termin l to be ( q a u a - u as a a an d a b ri l mo nd , the medi ev l modern forms gree ,

d r u u a re re an there a e t m li here bo ut . I think the preﬁx p

. 11 . Wa r a a sents the p , or possibly short form of some n me

“ f rmd W ald Wa r bur Wa r itb o f o e a . . a r b which it stem , e g , g , g/ , ’ ’ ‘ - a Wa u a u . . u &c . I re d it er s b ri l mo nd . The A S form sho ld

Wa r es D v w w be which . , ne er using diphthongs , ould rite

h 2 r a ne f 1 2 a ve l . r n . 111 W W a t . . o o , , 3 NE Newport . 7

T h l and a a a ma af ough on y one form , th t r ther l te , we y s ely

W r r a . The a a ve Wa a ccept it ch nge from to is regul r .

W r W Wa r e a n . a v rton , Polesworth in rwickshire , is in D ,

a i a u -ton W a a h v ng subseq uently cq ired the . oore in S lop is lso

W L a v Wa vr a . av a has in D ertree in nc shire preser ed its form , ‘ ’ W r W W but . a tree a C . a vr aton is pr . verton in heshire ( D ) fﬁ a has also m aintained its form . The di culty is the me ning

Wa ver ar a a Wa r a B o f . e a There three pl ces n med in elgium ,

w z a . a Wawr a a an d a Wavr a . O . in Pol nd, in S it erl nd (It is E — W . . ha wa er a H . s f me ning unknown . . S ) PS It been suggested that Wa vr a means the aspen poplar (P apa la s tr emula wav or wa a an d t ) , from its ing vering h bit , I hink it i t a v an a extremely l kely, hough un ble to gi e y uthority. Trees ’ the v The left in felling of a thick wood are called wa ers .

. . w wa er wa r e. t a v A S form ould be f , f The dic ion ries gi e WA LTON— WA TF ORD CA P 1 6 1

no a to the are all t such me ning word , but they imperfec .

a a Professor Ske t f vours the suggested construction .

t n h . W ar s o e H . a C . Hai r , , in ilton , 3 m S . of nnock 994

‘ sta n 1 0 0 Hor as/on Warston e a a ; 3 . is common n me for

and a l a a a a ar ian . h mlets , lw ys found to h ve been origin l y H s The c h ange to War appears to have c ommenced in h 1 i Ha r . t e 6 . a as c The me ning of in A . S is recorded

‘ ’ a but a the use of grey, ho ry, old ; it is cle r from the a a w . . a a a word in A S ch rters th t, h tever its origin l me ning

‘ ’ was a a at an a o a an d , it c me to me n , e rly period , b und ry,

‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ s t all War- H a - an d W con equen ly stones , o r stones , hore ’ o n stones will be found to be ancient boundaries . There

are v a at Warsto ne of w se er l huge boulders , one hich is the

u a H an d t bo nd ry stone between ilton Essing on . (PS . The ’

. a a t z H a H . o . E D is the ﬁrst gre t uthority recogni e o r, in

l a a H . a s V. a . p n mes , me ning rborne W W at er E at o . at a . on , E on ( ter) " ll 8 . f L 1 . W er ale. r f a . . and 1 at .W ate , m SE o eek 3 4 c / This is o ne of m any pl aces which owe their name to the eccentricity of the river Hamps (one of the he ad waters of the a v a a t Dove) , which , ne r the ill ge, fter ﬂowing eigh miles ,

. v Ha . a a V. an d dis ppe rs into the limestone Do e , mps There ’ a a is no other w terf ll here .

h . 1 o f a W tf r d G a . t a . o p , , 5 m S Shens one, is situ te on

- w a an a a a B a . v. cross ro ds , ncient y c lled l ke Street (q ) here B a and i hﬁeld a t a cutting the irmingh m L c ro d a right ngles . Immediately below the intersection Blake Street crosses

a a Ga a . . a a v stre m . p is M E word , pp rently deri ed from ’ N ‘ u a t O . . an d a a a , me ns bre ch in the contin ity of ny hing,

. a h a a a e g . edge , w ll , ro d . It is consequently pplied to cross a G a Ra a and . a . . ro ds, in the N to the ro d itself, e g Sc rfe p, ise

’ G a H G a Wa a fﬁ a to . p, unter s p. tford is di cult n me construe ’ but Wat has a The terminal is plain ford (q . no me ning W . S and a a at in A . , is cert inly corrupt form , though ford in Wa f B . a erks ppears as Waft or d in a ch arter of 994. t ord in M 1 6 2 S TA EEORDS HI RE PLA CE NA MES

as Wat or d an d Wad or d. Northamptonshire is recorded in D . f f h Wada Wat e . n a t . I think the probability is th t represents p , ’

w i v Wa dan or d Wa a . hich in gen . form would g e / , d s ford This would certainly become Wa df or d or Watf or d (d and l

being often interc hanged) .

lin - str a ta W atl in S tr eet . are Wa l a g . The A S . forms g

n d li ng -s r a a a a s Wa clin a a Wa l t t . Occ sion lly it is found a g

c a a a o r t but the is mist ke in the re ding copying for ,

A . l u a . those letters in S . being frequent y indisting ish ble In

ar Wal li n a W / elin a n d al lin a M . E . the forms e g a t g a W g

a Wa l lin a -str a t ( strete) . I ssume the correct form to be g an ‘ wa f ( gen . d the transl ation is clearly the y o the ’ W lin as r W l W aet o a t a. g , sons of Florence of orcester

H v n 2 an an d R o f o ede w 1 c . d oger , who rote in the , w t u . a were doubtless horo gh A . S schol rs , both rite , under

‘ a 1 0 1 of Wa as the a w the ye r 3, tling Street ro d hich the sons of King Weatla m ade across Engl and from the ’ ‘ ’ h w W tl w a eastern to t e estern sea . That ae a as king is

a o f a a a a o f obviously no p rt the tr nsl tion , but mere im gin tion ’ i as K Wastla the wr ters , no ing ever reigned here , or else

as far as we w a l R a av where kno . App rent y the om ns g e no ’ v a n f Wal lin I can bil ae a o a . distincti e n mes to y their ro ds g , ,

F osse an d E r min e a o f c al R a , streets, the n mes the prin ip om n

a r f A S a a e a o . . w ys , cle rly . origin An import nt element for ’ consideration is the fac t th at the n ame Watling Street is borne not only by the great ro ad from Dover to Wroxeter

n r . but R a a . all u e Shrewsbury, by other om n ro ds In p blish d ’ A ‘ a a . S . charters Watling Street cle rly refers to the ro d be tween Do ver and Wroxeter ; but northern charters are

r v a Wa l lin a str a t ext emely rare . I belie e th t the g mentioned in the treaty between Alfred an d G uthrum is not the l Vatling

a w but R a wa at H Street now de lt ith , the om n y untingdon

al an d a a a now c led Ermine Street , th t the tre ty must be re d ‘ ’ ‘ n ot u on Usan a the Ou o p , upw rds on se , but up n the ’

O . w w w an . a . O a use, i e do n stre m The use , up rds, ould be

1 6 S TA FF ORD S HIRE PLA CE NA MES 3 4

‘ ’ W t a but n . of Pe erborough , is m rked Ermin Street ; orth wa ‘ R a wa a Wa o r t - rds the om n y c lled tling Street , For y foot ’ wa u a a 1 2 a a y. St keley in his Itiner ry, circ 7 3, c lls the s me ’ oa Hermen S and a 1 1 1 r d , S . of York , treet , he s ys (p . ) the name Watling Street became almost the common appell ative ’ ’ o f u R a a Ma H 1 6 1 0 a s ch om n ro ds . Speed s p of unts , , m rks

a a at Wa 6 . o f a o n the p ss ge of the Nen nsford , m S . St mford ’ ’ G a h R a as Watlin f rd an d Blo me s the re t Nort o d , g o , so does

Ma Hu 1 6 H B a 1 0 a p of nts , 7 3. orsley ( rit . circ 7 3 , s ys ‘ The country people near Wroxeter in Shropshire gi ve the n ame of Watling Street to the military way which goes

a c n a K through the middle of th t ou ty tow rd enchester . The same n ame is also gi ven ( as far as I co uld le a rn) all l a a u a a to the mi it ry w ys in Scotland . The v lg r c ll the

a wa mCa a a t B Ca u milit ry y fro t r c ridge to rlisle , thro gh ’ W a an d Cu a a estmorel nd mberl nd, Mitchell ( Mich el) Scott s Causew ay ; as they do also th at which is called Watling ’ ’ t u a Ma Stree in the county of D rh m . In Armstrong s p of

a 1 6 a a v R a wa Northumberl nd, 7 9 (from ctu l sur ey) , the om n y, h t C an d R an Wal between Ebc es er , orbridge , the om l , is ‘ W ’ NW a a an d at n . m rked tling Street, th portio running W ‘ W ’ a R a a . from the ll into oxburghshire , lso tling Street

A a R a wa u ni al an d gre t om n y r n ng most due N . S . through W a a 2 . . an d a Northumberl nd , p ssing 5 m E of ooler the s me ' a W o f B w a Wat or v dist nce . er ick, is m rked ling Street De il s ’ tli D . a a Wa n eta Ca a . s usew y , under Norfolk , records m nor, g ,

h a in the alf hundred of D ice (Diss) . This I t ke to mean ’ ‘ Wa a t a tling folk . I c nno identify this m nor ; but it is curious th at a Rom an way ( apparently to Norwich) p asses W . a O 6 111 . . two miles E . of Diss tlington in xfordshire, NE

W . W cl nc a o f a . a a a as a i l ne llingford , in A S ch rters ppe rs ,

Hwa l lin a l ane Wa tlinctane Wa llin /lane and as g , , g , in D .

Wa e in l n kn i l w t l ane. I t on a I c e d a lies up Street , hich I t ke to

-R a a a a v W be pre om n , le ding pp rently from A ebury, in ilt

. the un t the eni . shire, into NE Norfolk, co ry of Ic It is, for ' WA TLING S TREET 165

a t a t v a an d long dist nces ogether, mos impressi e highw y , a h a a a wa t ous nd ye rs go s probably more so . There i s a Wa K ’ 6 . f w . o L tlington in Norfolk , m S ing s ynn , hich

' a a D r . o L Elien sis o r an a I c nnot tr ce in , the iber , y e rly

; a . i a W ch rter It l es on road no t identiﬁed as Roman . at lin t on 2 111 . Bat . Watl in /on e g in Sussex , NE . of tle , D g , lies

two a 1 a a R a between ro ds 5 m . p rt, not supposed to be om n ,

' t a . . a a Watelinl a ne in but undoub edly ncient D lso records ,

B s w h a ma ta as erk , hic I c nnot identify . I think it y be ken ’ v a Wa a a and a pro ed th t tling Street is generic n me, me ns ’ wa f W I n a the y of the sons o aetla . ( g in the forms is the gen : ’ . in o r a o f u va to the pl of g , sons descend nts , eq i lent Scotch ’ Mac and s But was Waetla ? We a no , Iri h who h ve hi W W of m. e w v at l a is record kno , howe er, th the Mi ky y ,

old w n a Wa tli n S tr eet. C a r by riters , freque tly c lled g h uce s ays :

‘ Now uo d he hoo cas u h ne e e , q t , t p t i y , S ee onder 10 0 h alox i e y , t e g ,

Wh ch men cl e eth the ml we e i p i ky y , ’ F o r i s h e : and some arf e e it w it p y , ’ al l n b Wal l n s r ata C e yt y g t .

w 1 . C a a a . . . The ompl int of Scotl nd , Scottish ork , 549 (E E T S speaks o f the Milky Way as being c alled by m ariners ’ Vatlanl Wa n str ait an d a V 8 a a ( tli g) , Dougl s irgil , 5 , g in

Wa Watlin t ata a a have terms the Milky y g s r . M ny n tions

’ associ ated the Milky Way with the idea o f a road . The ’ m a w an Lw br W as H nt S t. I al . a d elsh know it y , St J mes y, y

- - - w nl a r wa o f w n t an d Heol o . y g y y g y , the p th y the wind ‘ ’ The a a na to L It li ns med it the holy street oretto , the ’ ‘ ‘ d a a a a t. a an a Sp ni rds the ro d to S I go , M hommed ns the ’ ’ a Wa l l a the a o f un Hadji s way. I suggest th t is n me some recorded mythical hero o f the Saxons before their arrival here ; that the Milky Way was then known to them as

Wa an d a a a tling Street , ’ they tr nsferred the n me to the gre t w a roads which they must h ave regarded ith stonishment. ' 1 66 S TA FF ORDS HIR E PLA CE NA MES

H e a R a a orsl y, who tr velled much upon the om n ro ds in

the 1 8 c . u a o f the beginning of , freq ently spe ks their

‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ a a a f r grand an d m gniﬁcent ppe rance o miles together .

Wa has not a o r This tling Street , where it been contr cted — — moderniz ed say between Weedon an d High Cross is

a an d v still most noble impressi e work . It is common to all n ations to attribute works o r n atural objects in com

o r prehensible to them to their gods, heroes , other super

l I kn i l n atural agency. A crom ech on the c e d Street in

’ ’ B a ‘ Wa and Ca erkshire , now commonly c lled yl Smith s ve , ‘ ’ W l n W des . a a a as e a an . a ppe rs smithy in A S ch rter, el nd u V W being the Te tonic ulcan . The mysterious ditch ansdyke

W dnasdic W . S a so n a a . (A . ) is med fter their deity oden ’ ’ G G G rims oun d a a rim s Dyke , rim s Ditch , p , prob bly h ve their

ma l r . . r i a oot in A S g , spectre , gob in . The Ermine Street ,

a a t Eorman a K o f I think , is so n med f er , the celebr ted ing the

La at av f n a Ostrogoths . ter gener ions h e con erred o simil r

’ ’ u a as the G a Cau a the v objects s ch n mes i nt s sew y, De il s ’ Ca a v H a R a a usew y, the De il s ighw y ( both om n ro ds) , the ' ’ B ’ B Devil s Arrows , the Devil s ellows , the Devil s ridge , the ’

v &c . a o f a a De il s Punchbowl , P rt the constell tion Urs ’ Major was known by the S axons in heathen times as Woden s ’ ’ wa an d as Ca r les- wa an C a Wa y, subsequently g , h rles in

a a C a G a C a a . ( w gon) , fter h rles the re t ( h rlem gne) Since writing this I ﬁnd th at J acob G rimm (Teutonic

t t a a Stall brass a at a My hology , r nsl ted by y ) rrived the s me ‘ He w . 6 n u conclusion . rites (i 35 Now it is not

a at o f a Waetlin a S traet at import nt th one the highw ys , g , is

a a a to an d the s me time tr nsl ted the sky, gets to look quite

a a Wa mythical . A pl in enough ro d is the Milky y in the f i . a ar o h a a . e c . he vens , it is tr velled by the some e then god Waetlinga is plainly a genitive pl ural who the Waetlings

an d how t a v a an a h were , hey c me to gi e their n me to e rt ly

and a av w. he enly Street, we do not kno Among other n ations also fancy and fable have let the names o f e arthly

1 68 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

' over the M ilky Way to Asgard ; and as Volund s father s a a a o f V a -Va a among his numerou n mes lso bore th t te d , then this explains how the Milky Way came to be called W Old a and u atling Street in the English liter ture, th s

’ n usson s opinion th at the Asgard bridge is identic al with ’ ’ Val a Vada I valda Wa . R the Milky y is correct ydberg s , or ,

nd Wa ll a are an d Sla ﬁn- u V u o r a synonyms , g Ir ng, ol nd

W a an d Orvandel- el nd , Egil were his sons ; hence by legend

n d a a a a o a Wa a s g their n mes were ss ci ted with the Milky y, an d t a a a , r nsferred from Norse to S xon , crossed to Engl nd , ’ and took root here bo th in heavenly an d e arthly ways .

C n r e dnesbear b . . Wod esbeo Wa W e dn esb ur . y A S hronicle g , ,

Wodnesb r i . Wadnesbar ie 1 2 Wadn esb r Wadenas y ; D c . y g ,

' ’ W dnesbar i Wdncsbeo b Ill oa n t bear b a a r l bat is Waden s . , , , This

dan n t eor e Wo . Wod a r da b . . s and bea /1 is the p n (gen ) ( . g ) , ‘ ’ ’ a — Wo W was o ne o f hill, mount de n s hill . oden the

a a at a princip l deities of the S xons . I thought, one time , th t the n ame might also h ave been borne by ordin ary mortals ; but having been unable to discover a single instance of its

a a at u a use , I h ve rrived the concl sion th t the god is referred

G T u l a a a to . rimm ( e tonic Mytho ogy) s ys th t the S xons a a a but n med their children fter their mythologic l heroes , not

\Vednesbur a fter their gods . y stands on a conspicuous

a a on w a a somewh t conic l hill, hich , it is s id, temple to

W a a l u b ut h . y oden formerly stood Th t is prob b tr e , t ere is

v f W dn sﬁ ld a C . e e e no e idence of it beyond his n me . , the

Wa y Wadnasdic an d W h a nsd ke ( ) , ensley in Derbys ire , nciently

n ta b Woden mo f Wed es . G a g In erm ny, where took the for

Woal an Wa ol an Wodan an d a a a , , in Sc ndin vi , where the form

was Odin a to v a . a . , the n me forms the preﬁx se er l pl n mes a C l a The b ttles referred to in the A . S . hronic e . under the ye r ‘ 2 w was a a a B a an d Ceaw 5 9 , hen there gre t sl ughter in rit in

’ ‘ was v out and 1 I n a an d Ceo lred lin dri en , under 7 5 , when ’ h w a wa at W o ld foug t , ere cert inly ged ednesbury, though w t a a w a l w ri ers imperfectly cqu inted ith loc l etymology, fo lo ed W EDNES B UR Y WE RGS ( THE ) 1 69

a a a blindly by modern histori ns , h ve l id the scene of both a at W W i a . 0 . a vr . eng gements nborough in ilts ( Pref ce , )

W edn esﬁ l W Wadn e d . . f a e , 3 m E o olverh mpton . 994 s d ‘ ‘ ’ ’ el . Wodna eld W W . V. 1 0 f ; D y oden s ﬁeld . ednesbury. In 9

’ a a was u a an d a b ttle fo ght here between the S xons the D nes , w a v . C re in hich the S xons were ictors . The A S . hronicle i W t as N . at T a Taol anbeala 2 . cords being fought ettenh ll ( ) , m

i hﬁ e We W e f r 11 1 . . W e d L c eld . or de 1 2 e o , 4 SE of . D f . d or 1 We r . VV f W i w . o d ee ord on a f ; 3 c f lies tl ng Street, hich

a a a f Bla k r k a here crosses sm ll tribut ry o c b oo . The termin l

a . w . or d a a as . is cle rly A S f , ford (q . If the n me M E . the

we l e a D. preﬁx might be construed , little, sm l ; but being in ,

it a A an d we av v ha wee was an is cle rly . S h e no e idence t t

. w u to av A . S ord ; it is s pposed h e been introduced by the u D anes . It might be s ggested th at the preﬁx represents

A . . wa a wa a u to S g (g y ) , y, ro d but then the forms o ght

v Waz or d an d l W . gi e us f , the modern form shou d be ayford h T e wee ma . wa d a a y represent A S . , sh llow ford, but without

a u e rlier forms it is only g ess . ff o f W ee i n r ss 2 111 . . a at p g C o , SE of St ord , the junction

L n W a a Bir the great ondon a d N . ro d with the ro d from min haman d Wa a a o n e of g ls ll , m rks the site of the crosses

or a R a as n st tions which , before the eform tion , were commo o n our highways as they are still in Rom an Catholic coun

an d w o r ff v . tries , here the pious penitent o ered their de otions ’ ‘ To W a come home by eeping Cross me ns to repent, to

v grie e .

W a . 1 . W. f r h . N o We s Th e . g ( ) , , 3 m olverh mpton 3 c

Fi /tba s 1 Wzlbe is W tbe es Wzl be es W r as. ﬁ ga ; 4 c . g , y g , gg , y g — a . . wilbi wil bl ba an d be as . M E , , gg the withy hedges In e rly

v u a a c an d a times hedges were ery r dely m de , dit h b nk with a v - a dead fence Upon it being custom ry . A li e thorn fence w H a a a as practically unknown . ere some e rly squ tter prob bly a a fenced his l and with withy (sallow) . There is ﬁeld c lled ‘ ’ Wer t Clan ford an d in 1 6 6 w The gs in Co on , 3 there ere , 1 70 S TA FFORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

an d a l are o n s a at a in prob bly sti l , two ﬁelds , ep r e f rms,

- - i Weston under Liz ard bear ng the same name . W W es b r omwi c h a . B . t , romwich ( est)

Ws one We st n h . a 6 . . o f . . e l . o , , in St ndon , m S Stoke D

- — - W . ﬁv Was/one est lan t t . e A . S . W es own D records sixty

d Westa ne an .

h av W t n e . 11 1 . C a . W es n Co C a . o y y , , in ersw ll , 5 of he dle W / ne V. . Co ne a . a i Wes o . . D . eston y y is M E ddit on , the

ri Coyneys ( ghtly Coignet) being Norm an lords .

h . W est n J ne s . . . o o , , in Norbury, 3 m NE of Newport

Westan bones Wes/an one VV t was s V. eS on. 1 . . 4 c j , j Jones a a o a a and a a prob bly l c l l ndowner, his n me dded to distinguish

a W the pl ce from other estons .

- - i n Wes e st n u n der L z ar d t . . . W o , 7 . SE of Newport D

1 Wesl -a nda - B aw ode Wesl on - a ndar -Las er d tona. . on r r 4 c , y

- - t V 1 Weston sa bl a s La c or d. l eston . a 5 c . g V. The vill ge lies

f L z u u z 2 . o a H a L a m . NE i rd ill , conspic o s eminence . i rd

a appears in a forged A . S . Peterbo rough ch arter ( prob bly - d C u as Las er d 1 2 . La sei ar d 1 Las a r post onq est) g ; c ; 3 c . y

l - ﬁsh~ u a as . . La c aar d a ( freq ent y) , which I should re d M E e g ,

- a ﬁsh o r w . a . . o O . l as y rd (i e p nd ste ) , from F , ﬁsh .

- - W eston ou T r en t 6 . o f aff . 1 0 0 Was/an , m NE . St ord 4 W Wes/one. . D . V. eston

h 2 f Bu mer etmo or . 111 . . o 1 1 . Wil b a W , , NE rton . c ,

b mar e Wil mer mer a Wi t . a 1 an d 1 a Wil . , ; D ; 3 4 c regul rly ,

1 h W m a 1 . a t u o f et o or Witbmr e. In the c ch rter e bo nds

‘ fi r st o Tr an/a wa r tba l beo as ban alb first commence f fi g , ’

t a . a was from Tren where the thieves h ng The loc lity is, or

a as G a a and G a l La until l tely, known llows Fl t , l ows ne . This ’ ‘ a T is cle arly withy mere ( pool) . The pl ce lies on rent

side . W Wh e aten A st n . an a o , 5 m . of Penkridge ; ncient

v a u 1 2 E stone 1 2 ill ge , tho gh not mentioned in D . c . ; 3 7

A ston 1 6 2 Wbel ona A ston n a a t- ; 3 . Asto me ns E s town W wh t n . wa . a . wbel an ea e a s Aston) he ten is M . E , Prob bly it

1 72 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

‘ ’ an d n . a . pr . wich , the is the correct gen ddition I f

n . . u a Hwicce had been a A S . p n . I sho ld re d the forms

‘ ’ ’ as Hwicce s bank ; but I can ﬁnd no satisfactory record

B of Lichﬁeld a o f s uch a n ame . A ishop (circ 7 37) is o f u a who a 1 1 2 0 as recorded by Simeon D rh m, wrote circ ,

i ca but a c a as Hwil a Hw c ; contempor ry h rters describe him ,

an d as t and c . . are a the in A S often indistinguish ble , u a a e a the pres mption is th t Simeon , or his tr nscrib rs , m de

u at Hwicce n o t a . . a mistake . Ass ming therefore th is p n ’

a . . a a box ff . . . we ﬁnd th t in A S it me ns chest , , co er In M E W wb cba an d bacba and . En ba l cb . e it becomes y , in Mod g . ‘ may therefore re ad Wichnor as the bank o f the chest or ’ as e c = b n a A S . c t c a a c o ﬂi . c hutch . ( ) me ns hest , , s rco

ha us a an a a a p g , but I c nnot ﬁnd y uthority for s ying th t Hwicce wicce had a S . V. b these extended me nings . eighford was n a o f a c G u the me provin e comprising lo cestershire ,

W an d a o f Wa e o f orcestershire , p rt rwickshire , the p ople which

w w r in w a H icc as H ic cii & c . o ere c lled , , , whence , directly

we et w wicb directly , I think g the ord in connexion with a as Droitwicb Nan twicb Shirle wicb No rthwicb s lt towns, in , , y , ,

Middlewicb & c . Wi cb a a a a , cert inly c me to me n brine ’ and a H i W a w ccas as a . spring, I tr nsl te s lt people ychwood , O l in xfordshire , formerly be onged to the bishops of the

Hwiccii an d a r , cert inly derives its preﬁx f om them . It is n ot impossible th at some o f these people migrated up o r

an d at W a am down Trent , , settling ichnor , g ve their n e to

Bu . t a for it the me ning must , the present, be considered unsettled .

i k a a W e n a . a f c n , loc l me in N St s . It is common in

an d . o f a and a a Ch Yorkshire the N Engl nd , occ sion l in eshire and a but aff a a S lop , unknown in S . St s . It is di lectic word

a ash a n the (origin unknown) for the mount in , lso k own in

- . as a a as N the row n tree. The n me is sometimes found

u an d W Q icken iggin . Wi i n ton 2 f 1 c . Wic inl an o a w . 1 . gg , 5 m . N . T m orth . g ; WICKEN WOLS ELEY -1 73

Wz el one. c w . n . Wi a a . n s a . . a D g g common A S p , d I re ad Wi ’ ’ as a T n . . c s t a o . u this g own ( . ) The correct A S form wo ld

Wic an an l . u l a be g It is curio s that a l pl . n mes commencing

Wi av e at a n an or i n v a in as g h e stopp d , , , ne er p ssing into g , s w o . d da . common ith the gen an t forms of strong nouns . W W Wi h wi k . 111 . e Wisl ewic t c h o f a . . g , , 3 . olv rh mpton D

W sl b l b 1 . aw P /ew . a a . . wic 3 c y y , y y The termin l is cle rly A S , a v la an d a as il ge , one is disposed to re d the preﬁx represent

west— v i t . w a w s or w st a a ing A . S est ill ge ; but y do not ppe r

av f est . ever to h e been forms o w . (No From modern form it

v t a st n bt and an O . . Wibtan is e iden th t represe ts , therefore E ’ ’ wic o r ibtas- ic Wiht W b v a W W w a s o r i t s H. . ill ge . . S ) W il i br asl ana 1 . b r h h . Wil ton G a . g , , in nos ll D . 3 c ’

l icl n Wi ih a T n . br a . . n . Wilbr ibt lbr t s . o Wy A S . p . town ( ) l W W h l al f Wi l e h all . f Et e b d K o a a . o n , 3 m . ls ll , ing the

a a ut 2 a at Willanbalcb Merci ns, bo 7 3 tests two ch rters

Sax W ll Ca . 1 a a ( rt . 49, which I ssume to be this illenh ( there is another Willenhall in Coventry) ; 9 96 Willa n

Wi n eba l a Wi nenbale 1 Willenbal Willanbal e. bala . 2 . ; D , ; c , ‘ The for a - a ﬁrst form is perfect A . S . the me dow l nd of ’ W l alc t Ha a a. H b dat. bea b a . h s i l is the form of ( . le) . D blundered .

Wi n n i n t n u . . o f a t g o , h m M cklestone, 4 m E M rke

w . . and Wann il one. en ni a n . n a . . W s a . Dr yton D A S p , I ’

u wa W nn i the t A . . Sho ld think this s e s town . If so correc S

Wennintan and . v a . form would be , D is ery ne r it W W b ton a a B . . o as , ncient f rm in ushbury, 3 m N of olver

2 2 baldesta n 1 2 W baston . h ampton . 1 7 Wi 3 7 y The ﬁrst ’ ’ ’ ’ an d v Wibald s Wzbal a form is perfectly correct , gi es us town ,

a f f W eald hold a l . V. T on . being short orm o n , in b tt e

W l on a a i n . . Ta r a r es o g ar st , ncient f rm Penkridge D g i T n . l an e 1 2 a l a r estona. ; c . W g here is some error the D ’ ’ Th Wulf ar s . form . e meaning is clearly g town

W o f R . . Ulslei N . W l sel e . and ball 2 . o y , h , m ugeley D ;

Wal sale a. 2 Wat si le Wa l ﬁriasla 1 . 1 . es c / y , / g , frequently ; 3 c y 1 74 S TA FF ORDS HI RE PLA CE NA MES _

v e Wa b ut a a U . or W. D ne er us s , lw ys writes it This is ‘ ’ ’ W l i l v Le a c learly u fs ge s ea ( . y) . The n me frequently appears ‘ ’ as a i a v u W W m. It me ns ictorio s wolf. The olseleys of

W l are a a a o seley line l descend nts of the S xon posse ssor .

Wistan etane 1 Wa t W l stan t n . . 1 8 l s anestana H o o D 9 . ere

the 1 2 . u on e a c form , co pled with the modern , is prefer ble ’ 1 2 . W D. are v ulf to ; indeed most c forms . It gi es us stan s ’

To n . . w s a town ( a. ) If the D form a ccepted it would be ’ ’

Wi stan s . Wz sl an a a as Wi s/an g town g frequently ppe rs ,

e ven before the Conquest .

W l er h a t n 8 Hea nl a na a t f v . o o m p o 9 5 (ch r er Ethelred , 6 0 a W Co d. . a Dip 5 , cle rly identiﬁed with olverh mpton by

Wulfrun an d T rescote an d being mentioned in it, Trysull , ,

B a Ha m/a n Hantone a ilston lso referred to) ; 994 , (ch rter of

‘ Wulfri m a t o f w a 1 0 0 6 , only corrup copy hich rem ins) ;

Hean/a n W Wul f ate o f n r Albri h ( ill of g Donnington . g

H n t e Ha ndana W . a on . Wr eban tan a ton) ; D , ; orcestershire D ,

nta na 1 2 Wa l r a ne an n Wal r a nba mta n Wo Wr eba . b ta l c f , / ,

on W e ba ver aneba ml olv r ml on 1 c . l Wol ver n p , n p 3 , common y,

n an a v bampto . This is interesting ex mple of the alue of

a an d o f an d a va .e rly forms of the progress corruption medi e l

It a a the a a was H a n an addition . is cle r th t origin l n me e l w Hean . H . . a a igh town D conﬁrms this , in D l ys being The W Ha n . Wr e represented by in the orcestershire D . ‘ ’ Wulf rﬁn o r as u o f a a as doubtless represents , m ch th t n me W the a a a Wa . ul scribe could m ster , the Norm ns bhorring

‘ f rtmwas a lady of rank who in 994 gave gre at possessions

at W v a and a a to the church ol erh mpton , it is cle r th t soon

a wa The afterwards her n me s preﬁxed for distinction . passage from Wulf r an to Wol ver ene Wol ver n e an d Wol ver

is in accord ance with phonetic law. In my opinion m any D Ha av a Hean/an . a a mptons h e been origin lly , but , inv ri bly

w Han fo r Hean has a Ha riting ch nged the form . mpton

L in Wa w was Heaml a n 1 0 6 2 Ha ucy, r ickshire , in mpton

u- - nr nd so Ha n o W H n one D. a . a w a t in the hill , r ick , is , is mpto

1 76 S TA FF ORDS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

- -W v m a is w W a Tot ans ag in he rong, as ootton under e er is in

w a o f Wodestona Ofﬂow has l o . . hundred The D m nor , in , ’ ’ all Wo o ttons t a yet to be discovered . Most if not , if r ced ‘ a w a W to the origin l form , ould prob bly prove to be ood ’ a Wa d l a A . . r Wudut n t . a e a n own The common S forms , , Wade/an ; but a Wadesl ane (h aving the possessive s) I should ’ ’ la Wuda s trans te town . W l h. K m . W rds e 2 N . o y , , in ingswinford , . of Stourbridge

Wa laa r da ea 1 Wl 2 . sl . o war del e. a t 1 . . . W c 3 c A S p n . f ’ ar d Wulfw ard s lea a L Wa w a a wa e . e . a t ( y) t/j olf, pl ys gre a part in A. S . p . n mes . W W r ste ad Hal l G 2 . a a an o , Delves reen , m S . of ls ll ,

l a Wa ls/oda Walstead a lstede o d . 1 . W a f rm 5 c , , , the n me o f a yeoman family living here for several generations in the

6 an d 1 . e bs d 1 1 a a was . . Wal l o . 5 , , 7 c The origin l n me A S A large number of our family names are corrupt forms o f

A . . a . S . p n mes W W r st n h . 111 N aff 1 and 1 . o o , , 5 . . of St ord . 3 4 c

Wivelasl an W ve stone W da e n r r i sl an Wo esta e. . . . . , y , yf , rﬂ A S p n ‘ ’ Wi a n W es — Wif l W v l l e . e s w a Ton f (g iﬂ ) to n ( . ) . i e iscombe , ’ ’ W v vo ifel s a . T a a i n De n , is lley his ex mple shows th t words ,

a a a o f a like most things, gener lly t ke the le st line resist nce . W i h il l h . a a . f a W r e . o . n , , in M deley M nor , 5 m Newc stle W il Wr iman or d 1 Wr ma 1 an d 1 6 . r mb l 9 75 f ; 4 c . y ; 5 c y ,

W me ba ll on mo f Wr iman d r . y . The here is the gen for , ’ us Wrims amnot a Wrimwas an gives ford . I sure th t

n v but A . . as a t . S p . , I h e only met with it in his form , I think

was a a it , it being Teutonic n me .

W W v W Wr ottesl e h. . N . o f ha t . . r o y , , 4 m ol er mp on D l Wr l elei r aslea Wr ol esl e Wr ottesle olai 1 2 o W al . ; c . , , g , y I think

a a a was Wr otesl an d it prob ble the origin l n me ay , mthe posses v v Wr s 11 . a et ot sive points to a p . Though I h e ne er with

a it t av a a as . . in th t sense , I think mus h e been n me, in A S it a a a an d was a me ns snout, trunk (of eleph nt, likely a to n me be conferred upon a man with a rem arkable nose . WORD S LEY YO XA 1 77

’ Wr v L n a u ot s lea . e c a I think it m st be ( y) . I m ke nothing else of it . f W W l e Li ttl e W r l e G r eat 6 . . o a a . r y y ( ), m N ls ll y y ( ),

W . . f Wi elaia 1 2 h Ca . o a a . . r in Norton nes , 5 m N ls ll D c

// wir 1 Wi r la l l r le . i la c . . Wr g e ; 3 . y I think this is A S

— a i an d v le . . r an d la . . w y (q . ) the of the myrtle In A S g ag e] are synonyms for myrtle (My r ica Gal a) ; but the

a w was an d av not l tter ord more commonly used , I h e

w wir . E . or an a t r . met ith i n M , in y di lec ic fo m The

a a t W low- a on w gre ter p r of yrley is lying l nd , which the ild

w l a myrtle ould be likely to ﬂourish before enclosure . It y ha o f C Ca V G a Ha in the y heslyn , in nnock Forest . . iley y,

W W - 2 . . irrall C low which lies m , in heshire , the lying n a w an d has a l pe insul bet een the Mersey the Dee, prob b y a similar origin .

Y ar l ett . o f aff . . E r lide 1 2 E rlide , 45 m N . St ord D ; c .

l ed d 1 E r lide E r l de Herl ide 1 . E r a E r li e 1 3 c . , y , ; 4 c , ; 5 c . T E r lid 1 6 E r lid Kar tell . E r lide ; c . , his is the only recorded

e dl z ma av . ar t . . a in D It y h e been A S g y (g y ) , little y rd ( o r enclosure) but o ne would expect the initial Y to appe ar a a a o n th e rlier in the forms . The ccent f lling distinctly e

ﬁn al l would squeez e out the d in g ear dlyl . W f B l h 2 m o . 1 2 66 r d Y ar n ﬁ e d . . E na ai , , . Norton ridge / ;

1 2 E r ne en 1 E r n a en 1 6 c . Yar n a Yar ne /lda 3 7 f ; 379 / ; /y , ﬁ . The termin al appe ars to h ave oscillated for a time between

‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’ an d ‘ an d a av e field fen , fin lly to h e s ttled down to field .

m av . . ea r n . I think the preﬁx ust h e been A S g (g y ) , M . E ar n a a t a o f an o a a y , me ning, origin lly, hre d y kind spun fr m n tur l

ta a al o r a . a v ﬁbres, vege ble, nim , miner l Prob bly, in primiti e

’ ‘ ’ ‘ o r u a v a of w a times, the ﬁeld fen prod ced eget ble hich

‘ u a wa a Yarn ﬁeld t a ea r de y rn s m de. , in Somerse shire . pp rs

t Ger n ella. o a had as . h ve this origin , D records it j

e ba e Y ox al l . Lichﬁeld. . Locb s l 1 c . , 7 m . NE of D ; 3 ’ ’ Yox ba r I ax bale akesal 1 . Yabasbale ox bale. , , j ; 4 c , j The N 1 78 S TA FFOR DS HIRE PLA CE NA MES

a I ocbasbala. T he D . scribe prob bly intended to write letters

d I D are so c a as a ta L an . , in , mu h like to be e sily mis ken

a an d . a a . a a by a tr nscriber , D is tr nscript The s me mist ke

c l S a h c . as Locleba ile is made in Yo k eton , lop , w i h D records

he al o f u ( recte Gaocball) . T initi j in two the forms m st mrel a a I a a al e v a l . be re d , medi ev J being I with long t i In k i ac . a a ioc a . a A . eoc a S . g , g , l ter , M E y , me n yoke , yoke

o f an d al a a u a . a oxen , so me s re of l nd It is in the l st sense

l ke w s th at we m ust construe Yox a l . A y o as a much l and as ’ l a a The might be p owed by a p ir of oxen in day. word is h s f ‘ u a a v o a . sed in c rters descripti e qu ntity ; e . g Now of the land which I give to the convent there are sixteen yokes " an w d (giac) of arable land d meado ( Co . Dip . G k k a as eoc iac a o e. before becomesy , g , , y , y The word is often

w . a . . a found in connexion ith pl . n mes in A S ch rters , e. g

a ba m od aoc ar ne Ge cban r n G oc C . G b o a ( Dip . (id . g l n k al a a d o e. ( id . the preﬁxes me ning becoming y

S uff Gokes ar d D Yoxford in olk is f in . , the preﬁx represent

an a eoc . The a a l ale ing origin l g termin l here is cle r y b (q .

‘ and a a a a a w , h ving reg rd to the preﬁx , I tr nsl te it me do ’ ’ a k let w . a a a La a or p sture A y is given in J cob s Diction ry ,

1 8 as a l a mso c a u a oke 7 4, litt e f r , lled from its req iring but y ’ l a l a an d a of oxen to til it . Yox ll y in Needwood , prob bly owes its name to some early squatter who carved his little farm out of the Forest .