26Th International Carbohydrate Symposium
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METACYC ID Description A0AR23 GO:0004842 (Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Integrative Biology This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Heat Stress Responsive Zostera marina Genes, Southern Population (α=0. -
Increasing the Amylose Content of Durum Wheat Through Silencing of the Sbeiia Genes
Sestili et al. BMC Plant Biology 2010, 10:144 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/10/144 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access IncreasingResearch article the amylose content of durum wheat through silencing of the SBEIIa genes Francesco Sestili1, Michela Janni1, Angela Doherty2, Ermelinda Botticella1, Renato D'Ovidio1, Stefania Masci1, Huw D Jones2 and Domenico Lafiandra*1 Abstract Background: High amylose starch has attracted particular interest because of its correlation with the amount of Resistant Starch (RS) in food. RS plays a role similar to fibre with beneficial effects for human health, providing protection from several diseases such as colon cancer, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Amylose content can be modified by a targeted manipulation of the starch biosynthetic pathway. In particular, the inactivation of the enzymes involved in amylopectin synthesis can lead to the increase of amylose content. In this work, genes encoding starch branching enzymes of class II (SBEIIa) were silenced using the RNA interference (RNAi) technique in two cultivars of durum wheat, using two different methods of transformation (biolistic and Agrobacterium). Expression of RNAi transcripts was targeted to the seed endosperm using a tissue-specific promoter. Results: Amylose content was markedly increased in the durum wheat transgenic lines exhibiting SBEIIa gene silencing. Moreover the starch granules in these lines were deformed, possessing an irregular and deflated shape and being smaller than those present in the untransformed controls. Two novel granule bound proteins, identified by SDS- PAGE in SBEIIa RNAi lines, were investigated by mass spectrometry and shown to have strong homologies to the waxy proteins. RVA analysis showed new pasting properties associated with high amylose lines in comparison with untransformed controls. -
Product Guide
www.megazyme.com es at dr hy o rb a C • s e t a r t s b u S e m y z n E • s e m y z n E • s t i K y a s s A Plant Cell Wall & Biofuels Product Guide 1 Megazyme Test Kits and Reagents Purity. Quality. Innovation. Barry V. McCleary, PhD, DScAgr Innovative test methods with exceptional technical support and customer service. The Megazyme Promise. Megazyme was founded in 1988 with the We demonstrate this through the services specific aim of developing and supplying we offer, above and beyond the products we innovative test kits and reagents for supply. We offer worldwide express delivery the cereals, food, feed and fermentation on all our shipments. In general, technical industries. There is a clear need for good, queries are answered within 48 hours. To validated methods for the measurement of make information immediately available to the polysaccharides and enzymes that affect our customers, we established a website in the quality of plant products from the farm 1994, and this is continually updated. Today, it gate to the final food. acts as the source of a wealth of information on Megazyme products, but also is the hub The commitment of Megazyme to “Setting of our commercial activities. It offers the New Standards in Test Technology” has been possibility to purchase and pay on-line, to continually recognised over the years, with view order history, to track shipments, and Megazyme and myself receiving a number many other features to support customer of business and scientific awards. -
STEREOSELECTIVE GLYCOSYLATIONS and SYNTHESIS of HYALURONAN BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS by Gilbert Ochieng Wasonga a THESIS Submitted
STEREOSELECTIVE GLYCOSYLATIONS AND SYNTHESIS OF HYALURONAN BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS By Gilbert Ochieng Wasonga A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE CHEMISTRY 2010 1 ABSTRACT STEREOSELECTIVE GLYCOSYLATIONS AND SYNTHESIS OF HYALURONAN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS By Gilbert Ochieng Wasonga Stereochemical control is an important issue in carbohydrate synthesis. Glycosyl donors with participating acyl protective groups on 2-O have been shown to give 1,2-trans glycosides reliably under the pre-activation based reaction condition. In this work, the effects of additives and reaction solvent on stereoselectivity was examined using donors without participating protective groups on 2-O. We have established that the stereoselectivity could be directed by reaction solvent. The trend of stereochemical dependence on reaction solvent was applicable to a variety of reactions including the selective formation of β-mannosides. In the second part, 3-MeO-GlcNAc is efficiently prepared using a furanose oxazoline intermediate which is well suited for large scale synthesis without the need for extensive column chromatography. In addition, we have developed a robust and rapid procedure for the synthesis of 3-F-GlcNAc derivative required for inhibition studies of hyaluronan biosynthesis. In the course of our synthesis, we have shown the expanded utility of Lattrell-Dax method for carbohydrate epimerization reactions. II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Professor Xuefei Huang for his guidance and support that have been instrumental in my graduate studies. Along the way, I have had the opportunity to be mentored by Doctor Youlin Zeng who was a very helpful mentor at the beginning of my chemistry research experience and I will always be grateful to him. -
Effect of Cultural Conditions on the Growth and Linamarase Production
Fadahunsi et al. Bull Natl Res Cent (2020) 44:185 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-020-00436-3 Bulletin of the National Research Centre RESEARCH Open Access Efect of cultural conditions on the growth and linamarase production by a local species of Lactobacillus fermentum isolated from cassava efuent Ilesanmi Festus Fadahunsi1* , Nafsat Kemi Busari1 and Olumide Samuel Fadahunsi2,3 Abstract Background: This study was designed to investigate the efect of cultural conditions on growth and production of linamarase by a local species of Lactobacillus fermentum isolated from cassava efuent. Isolation and identifcation of bacteria from cassava efuent were carried out using the culture-dependent method and polyphasic taxonomy, respectively, while screening for cyanide degradation, and the efects of cultural conditions on the growth and lin- amarase activity of L. fermentum were investigated based on standard procedures. Results: A total of twenty-one bacterial isolates were obtained from cassava efuent, and isolate MA 9 had the highest growth of 2.8 1010 cfu/ml in minimum medium, confrmed as safe, identifed as Lactobacillus fermentum and selected for further× study. The highest growth of 2.498 OD and linamarase activity of 2.49 U/ml were observed at inoculums volume of 0.10 ml at 48-h incubation period, while optimum growth of 1.926 OD and linamarase activity of 1.66 U/ml occurred at pH 5.5. At 37 °C, the optimum growth of 0.34 OD was recorded with the highest linamarase activity of 0.81 U/ml at 30 °C.However, the incubation period of 48 h stimulated an optimum growth of 3.091 OD with corresponding linamarase activity of 1.81 U/ml, while the substrate concentration of 400 ppm favours a maximum growth of 2.783 OD with linamarase activity of 1.86 U/ml at 48 h of incubation. -
Activation and Detoxification of Cassava Cyanogenic Glucosides by the Whitefly Bemisia Tabaci
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Activation and detoxifcation of cassava cyanogenic glucosides by the whitefy Bemisia tabaci Michael L. A. E. Easson 1, Osnat Malka 2*, Christian Paetz1, Anna Hojná1, Michael Reichelt1, Beate Stein3, Sharon van Brunschot4,5, Ester Feldmesser6, Lahcen Campbell7, John Colvin4, Stephan Winter3, Shai Morin2, Jonathan Gershenzon1 & Daniel G. Vassão 1* Two-component plant defenses such as cyanogenic glucosides are produced by many plant species, but phloem-feeding herbivores have long been thought not to activate these defenses due to their mode of feeding, which causes only minimal tissue damage. Here, however, we report that cyanogenic glycoside defenses from cassava (Manihot esculenta), a major staple crop in Africa, are activated during feeding by a pest insect, the whitefy Bemisia tabaci, and the resulting hydrogen cyanide is detoxifed by conversion to beta-cyanoalanine. Additionally, B. tabaci was found to utilize two metabolic mechanisms to detoxify cyanogenic glucosides by conversion to non-activatable derivatives. First, the cyanogenic glycoside linamarin was glucosylated 1–4 times in succession in a reaction catalyzed by two B. tabaci glycoside hydrolase family 13 enzymes in vitro utilizing sucrose as a co-substrate. Second, both linamarin and the glucosylated linamarin derivatives were phosphorylated. Both phosphorylation and glucosidation of linamarin render this plant pro-toxin inert to the activating plant enzyme linamarase, and thus these metabolic transformations can be considered pre-emptive detoxifcation strategies to avoid cyanogenesis. Many plants produce two-component chemical defenses as protection against attacks from herbivores and patho- gens. In these plants, protoxins that are ofen chemically protected by a glucose residue are activated by an enzyme such as a glycoside hydrolase yielding an unstable aglycone that is toxic or rearranges to form toxic products1. -
Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 28 Tahun 2019 Tentang Bahan Penolong Dalam Pengolahan Pangan
BADAN PENGAWAS OBAT DAN MAKANAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA PERATURAN BADAN PENGAWAS OBAT DAN MAKANAN NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG BAHAN PENOLONG DALAM PENGOLAHAN PANGAN DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA KEPALA BADAN PENGAWAS OBAT DAN MAKANAN, Menimbang : a. bahwa masyarakat perlu dilindungi dari penggunaan bahan penolong yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan kesehatan; b. bahwa pengaturan terhadap Bahan Penolong dalam Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 10 Tahun 2016 tentang Penggunaan Bahan Penolong Golongan Enzim dan Golongan Penjerap Enzim dalam Pengolahan Pangan dan Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 7 Tahun 2015 tentang Penggunaan Amonium Sulfat sebagai Bahan Penolong dalam Proses Pengolahan Nata de Coco sudah tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan hukum serta perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi sehingga perlu diganti; c. bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a dan huruf b, perlu menetapkan Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan tentang Bahan Penolong dalam Pengolahan Pangan; -2- Mengingat : 1. Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2012 Nomor 227, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5360); 2. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2004 tentang Keamanan, Mutu dan Gizi Pangan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 107, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4424); 3. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 80 Tahun 2017 tentang Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2017 Nomor 180); 4. Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 12 Tahun 2018 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Unit Pelaksana Teknis di Lingkungan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2018 Nomor 784); MEMUTUSKAN: Menetapkan : PERATURAN BADAN PENGAWAS OBAT DAN MAKANAN TENTANG BAHAN PENOLONG DALAM PENGOLAHAN PANGAN. -
Studies of Barley Limit Dextrinase I I
b ¡\il i: ilq.5l¡Tt-!iÈ' ta. S.S LIBRARY STUDIES OF BARLEY LIMIT DEXTRINASE I I I I by I l I ¡ I Michael John Sissons ì B.Ag.Sc. (University of Adelaide)' I I M.Ag.Sc. (La Trobe UniversitY) i l A thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Departnent of Plant Science, Waite Agricultural Resea¡ch Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia October, 1991 LIST OF CONTENTS Contents Page No. Summary i-ü Statement of originality and consent for photocopy or loan lU Acknowledgements iv List of publications v Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Introduction I 1.2 Properties of limit dextrinase 2 t.2.r Purification 2 1.2.2 Enzyme properties 3 t.2.3 Effect of inhibitors 3 r.2.4 Polymorphism 7 t.2.5 Substrate specificity 7 1.2.5.1 Action of limit dextrinase on oligosaccharides 7 t.2.5.2 Polysaccharides 7 1.3 Methods of Assay 9 1.3.1 Detection of Limit Dextrinase Activity in Electrophoretic Gels 10 t.4 Synthesis of limit dextrinase t2 1.4.1 Mechanism of Increase in Limit Dextrinase Activity during Germination 13 1.5 Effect of Barley Genotype and Environment on Limit Dextrinase ActivitY 15 1.6 Limit dextrinase - Role in Malting and Brewing 16 1.6.1 Effect of Kilning on Limit Dextrinase Activity 18 r.6.2 Effect of Mashing on Limit Dextrinase Activity 18 1.6.3 Limit 0extrinase-Role in Speciality Brewing, Distiling and Related Iridustries 2l 1.6.4 Relationship beween Limit Dextrinase Activity, Wort Fermentability and Alcohol Production 22 r.7 Role of Limit Dextrinase in Starch Degradation 23 1.8 Conclusions 24 Chapter -
Evaluation of Saccharifying Methods for Alcoholic Fermentation of Starchy Substrates Alice Lee Iowa State College
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1955 Evaluation of saccharifying methods for alcoholic fermentation of starchy substrates Alice Lee Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Biochemistry Commons Recommended Citation Lee, Alice, "Evaluation of saccharifying methods for alcoholic fermentation of starchy substrates " (1955). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13626. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13626 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. ® UMI EVALUATION OF SACCHARIFYING METHODS FOR ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION OF STARCHY SUBSTRATES by Alice Lee A Dlseertatlon Submitted to the Graduate Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of The RequirementB for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subjects Blochensletry Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Dean of Graduate College Iowa State College 1955 UMI Number: DP12815 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Isolation of Pure Cassava Linamarin As an Anti Cancer Agent
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE ISOLATION OF PURE CASSAVA LINAMARIN AS AN ANTI CANCER AGENT CHRISTOPHER AVWOGHOKOGHENE, IDIBIE A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in Fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg, 2006. DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the degree of Master of Science in the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other University. (Signature of candidature) Day of ii ABSTRACT Cassava is a known source of linamarin, but difficulties associated with its isolation have prevented it from being exploited as a source. A batch adsorption process using activated carbon at the appropriate contact time proved successful in its isolation with ultrafiltration playing a pivotal role in the purification process. Result revealed that optimum purification was obtained with increasing amount of crude cassava extract (CCE) purified. 60g of CCE took 32 mins, 80 g, 34 mins while 100 g took 36 mins of contact time, where 1.7 g, 2.0 g and 2.5 g of purified product were obtained, respectively. The purification process in batch mode was also carried out at different temperatures ranging from 25 to 65oC. Results showed that purification increases with increase in temperature. In a bid to ascertain the moles of linamarin adsorbed per pore volume of activated carbon used, the composite isotherm was found to represent the measured adsorption data quite well. -
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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in ^ ew riter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper aligmnent can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor M3 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 GENETIC ENGINEERING APPROACHES TO IMPROVE AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Diana Isabel Arias-Garzon, B.S. -
Original Research Article Open Access
Available online at http://www.journalijdr.com ISSN: 2230-9926 International Journal of Development Research Vol. 10, Issue, 01, pp. 33316-33320, January, 2020 RESEARCH ARTICLE ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS POSSIBLE USE OF MANIHOT SCULENTA LEAVES AS FOOD *1Pedro Henrique Silva de Rossi, 1,2Sandra Maria Barbalho, 1Marie Oshiiwa, 1,2Elen Landgraf Guiguer, 1Claudia Cristina T. Nicolau, 1Adriana Ragassi Fiorini, 2Adriano Cressoni Araújo, 2Patrícia Cincotto dos Santos Bueno, 2Ricardo de Alvares Goulart, 2Claudia Rucco P. Detregiachi and 1Alda Maria Machado B. Otoboni 1Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Marília, São Paulo – Brazil 2Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília–Brazil / Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Several nutritional problems are seen in developing countries, and a countless number of people Article History: ReceivedReceived 14xxxxxx,th October 2019, 2019 are affected by chronic undernutrition. Plants such as Cassava (Manihot esculenta) work as a ReceivedReceived inin revisedrevised formform staple food source for over 800 million people around the world. The aerial part of cassava can be 17xxxxxxxx,th November 201,9 2019 used in animal feed, and in human food in the preparation of typical dishes of the Northern AcceptedAccepted 19xxxxxxxxxth December, 20, 192019 (Amazonian region) and Northeastern regions of Brazil. Besides the presence of cyanide PublishedPublished onlineonline 31xxxxxst January, 2019, 2020 compounds, cassava leaves may represent a source of proteins, vitamins, and minerals; it has a low cost of production, and it is widely adapted to Brazilian conditions. For these reasons, this Key Words: study aims to review the main aspects of this vegetal waist and evaluate its potential as a safe Manihot esculenta; Cassava leaves; food source.