Imaging (1) General Techniques
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Appendix 1: Confocal Microscopes
Appendix 1: Confocal Microscopes range of confocal microscopes is available - from the highly versatile but very expensive "top end" A instruments, to specialised high-speed imaging and even miniaturised medical instruments. Confocal microscopes are at the forefront of the upsurge in interest in light microscopy in the past 15 years. The technology is still evolving fast - so you should expect major changes and innovations in the coming years. This appendix gives an overview of the hardware for most of the laser scanning confocal microscopes currently available. Although not all manufacturers are described in as much detail as others, this does not in any way reflect on the instruments - this imbalance simply reflects the difficulties in compiling the necessary information for each of the instruments in the time available. I hope that this appendix is an evolving project that will include not only updated, but also expanded information on each ofthe instruments in subsequent editions ofthis book. Laser Spot Scanning Confocal Microscopes These instruments are based on the use of a finely focussed laser "spot" that is scanned across the sampie. The retuming fluorescent or backscattered light is directed through a confocal iris or pinhole that eliminates out-of-focus light. BioRad Cell Science Division _________--'pO<:a..,g.."ec..::3=56 CarIZeiss___________________ p~a~gce~3~8~2 Leica Microsystems_____________ ---"p~a!.llg~e..:!:4=02 Nikon________________________________________ ~p~aAg~e~4~15 Olympus___________________ ~p~a~gce~4~2~O Nipkow Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopes The Nipkow disk contains a large number of fine "pinholes" arranged in a spiral array such that a confocal image is created when the disk is spinning. -
Chapter 11 Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy © C
Chapter 11 DIC Chapter 11 Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy © C. Robert Bagnell, Jr., Ph.D., 2012 Many microscopic specimens are colorless, nearly transparent, and relatively thick, such as tissue sections. This chapter presents a method for producing contrast in this type of specimen without the artifacts associated with phase contrast. The resulting image is one that has a very “topographic” appearance. It looks as though you are looking down on the specimen while it is being lit strongly from one side. Figure 11.0 is a DIC image of cheek epithelial cells. Figure 11.0 DIC of Cheek Epithelial Cells Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) is optically a rather complicated method requiring several special optical components. These are described and their action in producing this beautiful image is discussed in the following sections. Types of Specimens Suitable for DIC Those specimens that would be suitable for phase contrast microscopy are also suitable for DIC. Furthermore, DIC produces clearer images of relatively thick specimens than does phase contrast. Cytological, histological, microbiological, and cell culture specimens are of this type as are chromosome spreads. DIC is especially useful in fluorescence and confocal microscopy to indicate the morphological aspect of fluorescent regions. DIC reveals some ultrastructural features of cells such as microtubules and cytoplasmic granules. When coupled with enhanced video techniques, DIC enables the visualization of actin structures that are actually below the resolution of the microscope. Finally, the use of DIC on normal, stained or unstained histological sections can provide additional useful information. Pathology 464 – Light Microscopy 1 Chapter 11 DIC History of DIC We owe the current method of DIC to the work of Georges Nomarski (figure 11.1) who developed it in the 1960’s. -
Microscopes UMDNS #: 12536 Date of Creation: October 29, 2015 Creator: Complied by Cassandra Stanco for Engineering World Health (EWH)
Equipment Packet: Microscopes UMDNS #: 12536 Date of Creation: October 29, 2015 Creator: Complied by Cassandra Stanco for Engineering World Health (EWH) Equipment Packet Contents: This packet contains information about the operation, maintenance, and repair of laboratory microscopes. Part I: External From the Packet: 1. An Introduction to Microscopes: PowerPoint Part II: Included in this Packet: 1. Operation and Use: a. Introduction to Optical Microscopes (p. 3-12) b. Operation and Use of Microscopes (p. 13-20) 2. Diagrams and Schematics: a. Figure 1: Diagram of a Light Microscope (p. 22) b. Figure 2: Diagram and Parts of a Compound Light Microscope (p. 23) 3. Preventative Maintenance and Safety: a. Microscope Preventative Maintenance (p. 25) 4. Troubleshooting and Repair: a. Microscope Repair and Troubleshooting Flowchart (p. 27-29) 5. Resources for More Information a. Resources for More Information (p. 31) b. Bibliography (p. 32) * * * * 1.*Operation*and*Use*of*Microscopes* * * * Featured*in*this*Section:* * * * WHO.)“Learning)Unit)6:)The)Microscope.”)From)the)Publication:)Basic(Malaria(Microscopy:(part(1.(A( Learner’s(Guide.)WHO:)Switzerland)(2010),)p.)37_44.)Retrieved)from:) http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44208/1/9789241547826_eng.pdfhttp://apps.who. int/iris/bitstream/10665/44208/1/9789241547826_eng.pdf) * * * ) * * * * Optical microscope 1 Optical microscope The optical microscope, often referred to as the "light microscope", is a type of microscope which uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify images of small samples. Optical microscopes are the oldest and simplest of the microscopes. Digital microscopes are now available which use a CCD camera to examine a sample, and the image is shown directly on a computer screen without the need for optics such as eye-pieces. -
Preparation and Properties of Isolated Z-Disks
Preparation and Properties of Isolated Z-disks Thesis by Mara Camelia Rusu Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Faculty of Biological Sciences School of Molecular and Cellular Biology August 2014 i The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. © 2014 The University of Leeds and Mara Camelia Rusu ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor John Trinick, for the unique opportunity to work on this exciting and challenging project. Throughout the four years his advice, patience and enthusiasm proved to be invaluable resources, especially during stressful periods. I would like to thank my co-supervisor, Dr Larissa Tskhovrebova, for her contributions to this project. My thanks to all the members of the MUZIC consortium with which I have spent great moments during our meetings, workshops and conferences. Lucian Barbu- Tudoran has sparked my interested in electron microscopy and I would like to thank him and Dr. Peiyi Wang, Dr. Stephen Muench, Martin Fuller, Dr. Kyle Dent and Rebecca Thompson for the technical help and discussion, especially during the steep learning curve of cryo-electron microscopy. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Dr. Sonja Welsch, Dr. Sacha de Carlo (FEI), Dr. Shaoxia Chen, Dr. Greg McMullan and Dr. Cristos Savva (MRC LMB) for their help with data collection on the Titan Krios. -
Advanced Microscopy Course 11Th-15Th November 2019 Course Handbook
Advanced Microscopy Course 11th-15th November 2019 Course Handbook Whole-cell 4Pi single-molecule switching nanoscopy. Jingyu Wang, MICRON / Dynamic Optics & Photonics Group Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit Department of Biochemistry The University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford, OX1 3QU http://www.micron.ox.ac.uk http://www.bioch.ox.ac.uk Organisers Richard M Parton [email protected] Contents Page 2-3 Timetable 4 Vision 5-9 Detailed course schedule 10-38 Self-taught practical exercises 24 Useful contacts and information 39-41 Course contributors 1 TIME TABLE Day 1 Time Lecture 11-Nov 9.30-9.45 0-Welcome to the course Ian & Nadia* 9.50-10.35 1-General introduction to light microscopy Ian/Ilan 10.35-10.55 Break 11.00-11.45 2-Principles of microscopy and microscope anatomy Ian 11.50-12.30 Questions / Discussion session Ian Dobbie et al 12.30-1.30 Lunch 1.35-2.20 3-Cameras for Imaging Louis Keal 2.25-5:00 Olympus Microscopes (viewing / demo) Olympus Day 2 9.30-10.30 4-Contrast enhancement (phase contrast and DIC) Ian Dobbie 12-Nov 10.35-11.20 5-Basics of fluorescence microscopy Carina/Ian 11.20-11.45 Break 11.45-12.30 6-Fluorescent dyes and proteins Mark Howarth 12.30-1.30 Lunch 1.35-2.30 7-Basic image processing / Image & data management David Pinto 2.35-5.00 Olympus Microscopes (viewing / demo) Olympus 9.30-10.15 8-Increasing contrast and resolution using optical Day 3 sectioning Alan Wainman 13-Nov 10.20-11.05 9-Live cell imaging Nadia Halidi 11.05-11.25 Break 11.30-12.30 10-Imaging at the molecular level: F-techniques Chris L. -
OPTICAL MICROSCOPY Davidson and Abramowitz OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
OPTICAL MICROSCOPY Davidson and Abramowitz OPTICAL MICROSCOPY Michael W. Davidson1 and Mortimer Abramowitz2 1 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, The Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32306, [email protected], http://microscopy.fsu.edu 2 Olympus America, Inc., 2 Corporate Center Dr., Melville, New York 11747, [email protected], http://www.olympus.com Keywords: microscopy, phase contrast, differential interference contrast, DIC, polarized light, Hoffman modulation contrast, photomicrography, fluorescence microscopy, numerical aperture, CCD electronic cameras, CMOS active pixel sensors, darkfield microscopy, Rheinberg illumination. Introduction binocular microscopes with image-erecting prisms, and the first stereomicroscope (14). The past decade has witnessed an enormous growth in Early in the twentieth century, microscope the application of optical microscopy for micron and sub- manufacturers began parfocalizing objectives, allowing the micron level investigations in a wide variety of disciplines image to remain in focus when the microscopist exchanged (reviewed in references 1-5). Rapid development of new objectives on the rotating nosepiece. In 1824, Zeiss fluorescent labels has accelerated the expansion of introduced a LeChatelier-style metallograph with infinity- fluorescence microscopy in laboratory applications and corrected optics, but this method of correction would not research (6-8). Advances in digital imaging and analysis see widespread application for another 60 years. have -
Microscope 1 Microscope
Microscope 1 Microscope Uses Small sample observation Notable experiments Discovery of cells Inventor Hans Lippershey Zacharias Janssen Related items Electron microscope A microscope (from the Greek: μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument to see objects too small for the naked eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy. Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope. History An early microscope was made in 1590 in Middelburg, Netherlands.[1] Two eyeglass makers are variously given credit: Hans Lippershey (who developed an early telescope) and Hans Janssen. Giovanni Faber coined the name for Galileo Galilei's compound microscope in 1625.[2] (Galileo had called it the "occhiolino" or "little eye".) The first detailed account of the interior construction of living tissue based on the use of a microscope did not appear until 1644, in Giambattista Odierna's L'ochio della mosca, or The Fly's Eye.[3] It was not until the 1660s and 1670s that the microscope was used seriously in Italy, Holland and England. Marcelo Malpighi in Italy began the analysis of biological structures beginning with the lungs. Robert Hooke's Micrographia had a huge impact, largely because of its impressive illustrations. The greatest contribution came from Antoni van Leeuwenhoek who discovered red blood cells and spermatozoa. On 9 October 1676, Leeuwenhoek reported the discovery of micro-organisms.[3] The most common type of microscope—and the first invented—is the optical microscope. This is an optical instrument containing one or more lenses producing an enlarged image of an object placed in the focal plane of the lenses.