DOCSLIB.ORG

Girl Guiding in Malaya, Nigeria, India, and Australia from 1909-1960

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Girl Guiding in Malaya, Nigeria, India, and Australia from 1909-1960 Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History Summer 7-13-2012 "White, Black, and Dusky": Girl Guiding in Malaya, Nigeria, India, and Australia from 1909-1960 Sally K. Stanhope Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Recommended Citation Stanhope, Sally K., ""White, Black, and Dusky": Girl Guiding in Malaya, Nigeria, India, and Australia from 1909-1960." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2012. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/59 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “WHITE, BLACK, AND DUSKY”: GIRL GUIDING IN MALAYA, NIGERIA, INDIA, AND AUSTRALIA FROM 1909-1960 by SALLY STANHOPE Under the Direction of Christine Skwiot ABSTRACT This comparative study of Girl Guiding in Malaya, India, Nigeria, and Australia examines the dynamics of engagement between Western and non-Western women participants. Originally a program to promote feminine citizenship only to British girls, Guiding became tied up with ef- forts to maintain, transform, or build different kinds of imagined communities—imperial states, nationalists movements, and independent nation states. From the program’s origins in London in 1909 until 1960 the relationship of the metropole and colonies resembled a complex web of in- fluence, adaptation, and agency. The interactions between Girl Guide officialdom headquartered in London, Guide leaders of colonized girls, and the colonized girls who joined suggest that the foundational ideology of Guiding, maternalism, became a common language that participants used to work toward different ideas and practices of civic belonging initially as members of the British Empire and later as members of independent nations. INDEX WORDS: Girl Guides, Scouting, missionaries, Girl Scouts, imperialism, maternalism, decolonization, nationalism “WHITE, BLACK, AND DUSKY”: GIRL GUIDING IN MALAYA, NIGERIA, INDIA, AND AUSTRALIA FROM 1909-1960 by SALLY STANHOPE A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the College of Arts and Sciences Georgia State University 2012 Copyright by Sally Keirsey Stanhope 2012 “WHITE, BLACK, AND DUSKY”: GIRL GUIDING IN MALAYA, NIGERIA, INDIA, AND AUSTRALIA FROM 1909-1960 by SALLY STANHOPE Committee Chair: Christine Skwiot Committee Member: Denis Gainty Electronic Version Approved: Office of Graduate Studies College of Arts and Sciences Georgia State University August 2012 iv DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my family. They make me laugh about the very things I want to cry about and provide the reality check I so often need before I implement my latest scheme. They have provided the daily breaks I’ve needed to survive the writing process. On a daily basis they demonstrate the perseverance, determination, and work ethic that carried me through this project. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A tremendous number of people have helped me. My advisor, Christine Skwiot, pushed me through the most difficult parts of the creative process and continues to provide a model of scholarship and teaching I aspire to. Denis Gainty, the other member of my thesis “committee,” has provided reassurance throughout the entire process and read my entire draft in less two days. I am grateful to the Association of Historians at Georgia State University who funded my re- search trip to New York and arranged conferences where my colleagues gave me suggestions that revealed new aspects of my research I had overlooked. Yevgeniya Gribov, the archivist at Girl Scouts of the USA, ensured that I had access to the international Guiding magazine. Most of my research, however, was accomplished through the incredible feats of persuasion performed by the Georgia State University Interlibrary Loan Department who somehow convinced even libraries in Australia to loan me the materials I requested. Jill Anderson, the History Librarian at GSU, encouraged me to pursue obscure sources directly and reach out to other scholars. Mike Wilmott, the editor of Come on Eileen!, sent me this text weeks before I was able to pay for it. Sarah Wisdom, a colleague, read all three chapters and let me know what stories were irrelevant to my arguments. Though my study relies on the work of many scholars, I want especially to thank four scholars: Tammy Proctor, the first scholar inside the academy to write a global history of Guid- ing; Kristine Alexander, a scholar of Guiding in interwar India, Britain, and Canada; Timothy Parsons, whose research focuses predominately on Boy Scouting in Africa; and Anthony Watt, occasionally referred to as “the historian on the boy scouts of India.” vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................1 Girl Guides, Empire, and Nations as Imagined Communities ....................................5 Maternalism: A Manifestation of the Civilizing Mission.............................................6 The Colonial Spectrum of Guiding.............................................................................12 Chapters ......................................................................................................................16 Terminology ................................................................................................................19 CHAPTER 1: METROPOLITAN MOTHERS' INTERNATIONALISM: THE ORIGINS, DISCOURSE, AND GOVERNANCE OF GIRL GUIDES, 1918-1960 ................................25 Imperial Origins..........................................................................................................26 World War I: The Reinvention of Girl Guiding, 1914-1918......................................32 The Baden-Powells: The Preservation of the Civilizing Agenda...............................36 The Mother of Guides and Her Family ......................................................................42 Western Illusions of Internationalism ........................................................................48 Western Leaders Question the Extent of Their International Principals .................51 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................61 CHAPTER 2: FUTURE MOTHERS OF EMPIRE: WHITE GUIDERS AND THEIR MISSION TO MOTHER IMPERIAL CITIZENS, 1915-1945.............................................74 Opposition of Colonial Governments .........................................................................76 Partners in Empire......................................................................................................80 Mothering the Future Citizens of Empire..................................................................97 Conclusion: Effects of White Guiders Work With the Colonized...........................108 vii CHAPTER 3: GIRL GUIDING: MATERNAL NATIONALISM AND THE ABORIGINAL EXCEPTION, 1910-1960............................................................................122 India: Conflicting Ideas of Citizenship, 1911-1960 ..................................................125 Models of the post-war Guiding Internationalism: India and Pakistan..................145 Malaya .......................................................................................................................147 Nigeria .......................................................................................................................153 Australia ....................................................................................................................159 Conclusion .................................................................................................................163 CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................................180 BIBLIOGRAPHY: PRIMARY SOURCES.........................................................................183 Collections .................................................................................................................183 Newspapers/ Journals ...............................................................................................183 Published ...................................................................................................................184 BIBLIOGRAPHY: SECONDARY SOURCES ...................................................................189 1 INTRODUCTION I Promise, on my Honor To do my duty to God and the King; To try and do daily good turns for other people; To obey the Law of the Guides.1 At the beginning of each weekly Girl Guide meeting, colonized girls in Malaya, Austra- lia, Nigeria, and India pledged their loyalty to the King of England. Many wore the same uni- form, learned the symbolism of the Union Jack and the words to God Save the Queen, and per- formed the same rituals that Lord Robert Baden-Powell had invented for British girls during the first two decades of the twentieth century. At their camps, they flew the Union Jack and the World Flag of Guiding. Many colonized girls considered Princess Margaret and Elizabeth their
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scouting at the Olympics Boy Scouts and Girl Guides As Olympic Volunteers 1912-1998* ------Roland Renson —
    Scouting at the Olympics Boy Scouts and Girl Guides as Olympic Volunteers 1912-1998* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Roland Renson — n 1894, Pierre de Coubertin created the modern I Olympic movement and Robert Baden-Powell founded the Boy Scout movement in 1908. Both were educational innovators and creators of universal movements, which aspired to international peace and brotherhood. Although both men were convinced patriots, they shared common ideas about idealistic internationalism. Several idealis­ tic international movements made their appearance in the fin de siècle period, namely the Red Cross (1863), the Esperanto movement (1887), the Olympic movement (1894) and Scouting (1907). The Olympic movement and the Scouting movement were originally exclusively male organizations, which adopted the ideology of chivalry as Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) founded the modern Olympic movement the basis for establishing an idealized transnational iden­ in 1894 and - which is little known - the 'neutral' scout federation Eclaireurs tity (Hoberman 1995). Coubertin was cofounder in 1910 Français in France in 1911 (Painting by Gaétan de Navacelle, courtesy of - with the physicist and winner of the 1908 Nobel-Prize Comité National Olympique et Sportif Français, Paris, in Müller 2000:5). Gabriel Lippmann - of the Ligue d’Education National, the forerunner of the French Boy Scouts and one year later, he founded the neutral’ scouting organization Eclaireurs Français (EF) in 1911 (Kruger 1980). Baden-Powell - like many other Edwardians - was haunted by fears that the British race was deteriorating, both physically and morally, and he therefore promoted outdoor life and the British ideology of sportsmanship, which was also absorbed by Coubertin (Brendon 1979: 239; Rosenthal 1986: 10; 31).
    [Show full text]
  • ISSUE 1820 AUGUST 17, 1990 BREATHE "Say Aprayer"9-4: - the New Single
    ISSUE 1820 AUGUST 17, 1990 BREATHE "say aprayer"9-4: - the new single. Your prayers are answered. Breathe's gold debut album All That Jazz delivered three Top 10 singles, two #1 AC tracks, and songwriters David Glasper and Marcus Lillington jumped onto Billboard's list of Top Songwriters of 1989. "Say A Prayer" is the first single from Breathe's much -anticipated new album Peace Of Mind. Produced by Bob Sargeant and Breathe Mixed by Julian Mendelsohn Additional Production and Remix by Daniel Abraham for White Falcon Productions Management: Jonny Too Bad and Paul King RECORDS I990 A&M Record, loc. All rights reserved_ the GAVIN REPORT GAVIN AT A GLANCE * Indicates Tie MOST ADDED MOST ADDED MOST ADDED MOST ADDED MICHAEL BOLTON JOHNNY GILL MICHAEL BOLTON MATRACA BERG Georgia On My Mind (Columbia) Fairweather Friend (Motown) Georgia On My Mind (Columbia) The Things You Left Undone (RCA) BREATHE QUINCY JONES featuring SIEDAH M.C. HAMMER MARTY STUART Say A Prayer (A&M) GARRETT Have You Seen Her (Capitol) Western Girls (MCA) LISA STANSFIELD I Don't Go For That ((west/ BASIA HANK WILLIAMS, JR. This Is The Right Time (Arista) Warner Bros.) Until You Come Back To Me (Epic) Man To Man (Warner Bros./Curb) TRACIE SPENCER Save Your Love (Capitol) RECORD TO WATCH RECORD TO WATCH RECORD TO WATCH RECORD TO WATCH RIGHTEOUS BROTHERS SAMUELLE M.C. HAMMER MARTY STUART Unchained Melody (Verve/Polydor) So You Like What You See (Atlantic) Have You Seen Her (Capitol) Western Girls (MCA) 1IrPHIL COLLINS PEBBLES ePHIL COLLINS goGARTH BROOKS Something Happened 1
    [Show full text]
  • To Make Good Canadians: Girl Guiding in Indian Residential Schools
    TO MAKE GOOD CANADIANS: GIRL GUIDING IN INDIAN RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS A Thesis Submitted to the Committee on Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Mary Jane McCallum 2001 Canadian Studies and Native Studies M.A. Program May2002 ABSTRACT To Make Good Canadians: Girl Guiding in Indian Residential Schools Mary Jane McCallum Between 1910 and 1970, the Guide movement became active and, indeed, prolific in Indian residential, day, and hostel schools, sanatoriums, reserves and Northern communities throughout Canada. In these contexts, Guiding embraced not only twentieth century youth citizenship training schemes, but also the colonial project of making First Nations and Inuit people good citizens. But ironically, while the Guide programme endeavoured to produce moral, disciplined and patriotic girls who would be prepared to undertake home and civic responsibilities as dutiful mothers and wives, it also encouraged girls to study and imitate 'wild' Indians. This thesis will explore the ways in which Girl Guides prepared girls for citizenship, arguing that the Indian, who signified to Guides authentic adventure, primitive skills and civic duty, was a model for their training. 'Playing Indian' enabled Guides to access these 'authentic' Indian virtues. It also enabled them to deny their roles as proponents of colonialism. Acknowledgements I would like to thank a number of people who have helped me to research and write this thesis. First, I would like to thank the Munsee Delaware First Nation for their continued assistance in my post-secondary academic endeavours.
    [Show full text]
  • Dorset History Centre
    GB 0031 D.1383 Dorset History Centre This catalogue was digitised by The National Archives as part of the National Register of Archives digitisation project NRA 40810 The National Archives D.1383 DORSET GUIDE ASSOCIATION 1 MID DORSET DIVISION 1/1 Minute Book (1 vol) 1971-1990 2 1ST CERNE ABBA S GUIDE COMPAN Y 2/1 Company Register (lvol) ' 1953-1965 3 1ST OWERMOIGN E BROWNIE PACK 3/1 Pack Register (1 vol) 1959-1962 3/2 Account Book (1 vol) 1959-1966 4 1ST OWERMOIGN E GUIDE COMPAN Y 4/1 Account Book (1 vol) 1959-1966 D.1383 DORSET GUIDE ASSOCIATION 5 SWANAGE AND DISTRICT GIRL GUIDES A5 HANDBOOKS A5/1 Girl Guiding: The Official Handbook by Sir Robert Baden-Powell, detailing the aims and methods of the organisation, including fly-leaf note ' G A E Potter, Dunraven, 38 Parkstone Road, Poole, Dorset' (1 vol) 1920 B5 MINUTES B5/1 Minute book for Lone Girl Guides, Dorset with pasted in annual reports 1965-1968 and a newspaper cutting (1 vol) 1964-1970 B5/2 Articles on the East Dorset divisional meeting by Miss C C Mount-Batten, notices and appointments (3 docs) 1925 C5 MEMBERS C5/1 Packs C5/1/1 Photograph of a brownie pack (1 doc) n.d.[ 1920s] C5/1/2 Photograph of five members of a girl guide company (ldoc) n.d.[1920s] C5/1/3 Photograph of a girl guide company on a trip (ldoc) n.d.[1920s] C5/1/4 Group photograph of 7th Parkstone company and pack and ranger patrol with a key to names (2 docs) 1928 D.1383 DORSE T GUD3E ASSOCIATIO N C5 MEMBER S C5/2 Individuals C5/2/1 Girl guide diaries, written by the same person (?), with entries for each day,
    [Show full text]
  • Happy 20Th Birthday Spycher by Diane White in September 2019, the Delightful Celebra- Tion for Spycher Highlighted the DREAM, DARE, DO & DEVELOP Theme
    Chalet ChatterIssue 20 — Winter/Spring 2019-2020 Happy 20th Birthday Spycher by Diane White In September 2019, the delightful celebra- tion for Spycher highlighted the DREAM, DARE, DO & DEVELOP theme. Thanks to the coordinated efforts of Marjolein Zoll-Schriek on behalf of the Foundation and Swiss Friends. Charlotte Christ-Weber and Peira Fleiner founding Swiss members of the Foundation, former Guiders-in-Charge Inge Lyck and Katharina Kalcsics, Our Chalet’s historian Ann Mitchell, Katherine Duncan-Brown, and many THE SPYCHER at Our Chalet. others were in attendance. Delicious sweet treats, a special cake and sandwiches on a The DEVELOP is an ongoing process. Today braided bread loaf, along with tea and coffee, the Spycher welcomes all. On the first floor, the juice and hot chocolate, were enjoyed. A warm front area is reception, the shop and the man- and special thank you to Tanya Tulloch, World ager’s small office. Program and operation of- Centre Manager, and her staff for making all fices are located down the hall and in the Ann our dreams come true. Bodsen Room. On the second level are seven The DREAM for a new building began in the bedrooms, with 18 beds and three full bath- 1980s when the need for more beds, office rooms which are handicapped-accessible by a space, handicapped accessibility, and a confer- motorized lift. Each bedroom is named for one ence room was explored. Our Chalet’s program of the local mountains. The third level, the at- events highlighted the beginning of the Helen tic, accommodates eight beds and has a half- Storrow Seminars in 1986.
    [Show full text]
  • Scouting Round the World
    SCOUTING ROUND THE WORLD 1 SCOUTING ROUND THE WORLD Downloaded from: “The Dump” at Scoutscan.com http://www.thedump.scoutscan.com/ Editor’s Note: The reader is reminded that these texts have been written a long time ago. Consequently, they may use some terms or use expressions which were current at the time, regardless of what we may think of them at the beginning of the 21st century. For reasons of historical accuracy they have been preserved in their original form. If you find them offensive, we ask you to please delete this file from your system. This and other traditional Scouting texts may be downloaded from the Dump. 2 SCOUTING ROUND THE WORLD SCOUTING ROUND THE WORLD BY THE CHIEF SCOUT LORD BADEN-POWELL OF GILWELL ILLUSTRATED BY THE AUTHOR HERBERT JENKINS LIMITED 3 YORK STREET, ST. JAMES’S, LONDON, S.W.1 3 SCOUTING ROUND THE WORLD First Printing 1935 MADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY PURNELL AND SONS, LTD. PAULTON (SOMERSET) AND LONDON 4 SCOUTING ROUND THE WORLD CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE ADVENTURE BEGINS 7 II. ON BOARD THE “ORAMA” 9 III. ON THE ROCK! 11 IV. A GLIMPSE OF FRANCE 13 V. A VISIT TO A VOLCANO 14 VI. THE SUEZ CANAL 16 VII. IN THE RED SEA 18 VIII. ADEN, THE GATE OF THE EAST 20 IX. SIGHTSEEING IN CEYLON 23 X. MALAYA 25 XI. MORE ABOUT MALAYA 27 XII. JAVA 30 XIII. BALI 34 XIV. AUSTRALIA AHOY! 37 XV. “ABO” CUSTOMS 41 XVI. TOWNSVILLE 46 XVII. BRISBANE AND SIDNEY 48 XVIII. THE JAMBOREE AT MELBOURNE AND AFTER 50 XIX.
    [Show full text]
  • Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation Sincs Hampshire.Pdf
    Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs) within Hampshire © Hampshire Biodiversity Information Centre No part of this documentHBIC may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recoding or otherwise without the prior permission of the Hampshire Biodiversity Information Centre Central Grid SINC Ref District SINC Name Ref. SINC Criteria Area (ha) BD0001 Basingstoke & Deane Straits Copse, St. Mary Bourne SU38905040 1A 2.14 BD0002 Basingstoke & Deane Lee's Wood SU39005080 1A 1.99 BD0003 Basingstoke & Deane Great Wallop Hill Copse SU39005200 1A/1B 21.07 BD0004 Basingstoke & Deane Hackwood Copse SU39504950 1A 11.74 BD0005 Basingstoke & Deane Stokehill Farm Down SU39605130 2A 4.02 BD0006 Basingstoke & Deane Juniper Rough SU39605289 2D 1.16 BD0007 Basingstoke & Deane Leafy Grove Copse SU39685080 1A 1.83 BD0008 Basingstoke & Deane Trinley Wood SU39804900 1A 6.58 BD0009 Basingstoke & Deane East Woodhay Down SU39806040 2A 29.57 BD0010 Basingstoke & Deane Ten Acre Brow (East) SU39965580 1A 0.55 BD0011 Basingstoke & Deane Berries Copse SU40106240 1A 2.93 BD0012 Basingstoke & Deane Sidley Wood North SU40305590 1A 3.63 BD0013 Basingstoke & Deane The Oaks Grassland SU40405920 2A 1.12 BD0014 Basingstoke & Deane Sidley Wood South SU40505520 1B 1.87 BD0015 Basingstoke & Deane West Of Codley Copse SU40505680 2D/6A 0.68 BD0016 Basingstoke & Deane Hitchen Copse SU40505850 1A 13.91 BD0017 Basingstoke & Deane Pilot Hill: Field To The South-East SU40505900 2A/6A 4.62
    [Show full text]
  • Download Original 8.64 MB
    WELLESLEY COLLEGE CALENDAR 1909-1910 WELLESLEY COLLEGE CALENDAR 1909-1910 PRESS OF FRANK WOOD, BOSTON CORRESPONDEN CE All inquiries regarding admission (including admission to grad- uate courses) should be addressed to Miss Ellen F. Pendleton, Dean of the College. Applications for general information should be addressed to Miss Mary Caswell. As Secretary of the Teachers' Registry, Miss Caswell is also prepared to furnish full and confidential informa- tion in regard to the qualifications, character, and experience of teachers educated at Wellesley. Former students of the College who wish situations as teachers have the aid of the Teachers' Registry. Applications for pecuniary assistance (see p. 150) should be made by letter addressed to the Secretary of the Students' Aid Society, Wellesley, Mass. TABLE OF CONTENTS Correspondence 1909 CALENDAR The academic year consists of thirty-four weeks exclusive of vacations and ot the week devoted to entrance examinations. Commencement Day falls on the Tuesday nearest the eighteenth of June. The academic year begins on the four- teenth Tuesday after Commencement. 1909. Examinations .... September 28-October i. College dormitories open . 9 a. m. Friday, October i. Registration closes . i p. m. Saturday, October 2. Academic year begins . Tuesday, October 5. Recess from 12.30 p. m. Wednesday, November 24, until 12.30 p. M. Friday, November 26. Recess from 12.30 p. m. Thursday, December 16, 1909, until I p. M. Wednesday, January 5, 1910. 1910. Registration closes for all students at i p. m. Wednesday, Jan- uary 5. Second Semester begins . Monday, February 21. Recess from 12.30 p. m. Wednesday, March 23, until i p.
    [Show full text]
  • India Progressive Writers Association; *7:Arxicm
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 124 936 CS 202 742 ccpp-.1a, CsIrlo. Ed. Marxist Influences and South Asaan li-oerazure.South ;:sia Series OcasioLal raper No. 23,Vol. I. Michijar East Lansing. As:,an Studies Center. PUB rAIE -74 NCIE 414. 7ESF ME-$C.8' HC-$11.37 Pius ?cstage. 22SCrIP:0:", *Asian Stud,es; 3engali; *Conference reports; ,,Fiction; Hindi; *Literary Analysis;Literary Genres; = L_tera-y Tnfluences;*Literature; Poetry; Feal,_sm; *Socialism; Urlu All India Progressive Writers Association; *7:arxicm 'ALZT:AL: Ti.'__ locument prasen-ls papers sealing *viithvarious aspects of !',arxi=it 2--= racyinfluence, and more specifically socialisr al sr, ir inlia, Pakistan, "nd Bangladesh.'Included are articles that deal with _Aich subjects a:.the All-India Progressive Associa-lion, creative writers in Urdu,Bengali poets today Inclian poetry iT and socialist realism, socialist real.Lsm anu the Inlion nov-,-1 in English, the novelistMulk raj Anand, the poet Jhaverchan'l Meyhani, aspects of the socialistrealist verse of Sandaram and mash:: }tar Yoshi, *socialistrealism and Hindi novels, socialist realism i: modern pos=y, Mohan Bakesh andsocialist realism, lashpol from tealist to hcmanisc. (72) y..1,**,,A4-1.--*****=*,,,,k**-.4-**--4.*x..******************.=%.****** acg.u.re:1 by 7..-IC include many informalunpublished :Dt ,Ivillable from othr source r.LrIC make::3-4(.--._y effort 'c obtain 1,( ,t c-;;,y ava:lable.fev,?r-rfeless, items of marginal * are oft =.ncolntered and this affects the quality * * -n- a%I rt-irodu::tior:; i:";IC makes availahl 1: not quali-y o: th< original document.reproductiour, ba, made from the original.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ohio State University
    MAKING COMMON CAUSE?: WESTERN AND MIDDLE EASTERN FEMINISTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S MOVEMENT, 1911-1948 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Charlotte E. Weber, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Leila J. Rupp, Adviser Professor Susan M. Hartmann _________________________ Adviser Professor Ellen Fleischmann Department of History ABSTRACT This dissertation exposes important junctures between feminism, imperialism, and orientalism by investigating the encounter between Western and Middle Eastern feminists in the first-wave international women’s movement. I focus primarily on the International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship, and to a lesser extent, the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. By examining the interaction and exchanges among Western and Middle Eastern women (at conferences and through international visits, newsletters and other correspondence), as well as their representations of “East” and “West,” this study reveals the conditions of and constraints on the potential for feminist solidarity across national, cultural, and religious boundaries. In addition to challenging the notion that feminism in the Middle East was “imposed” from outside, it also complicates conventional wisdom about the failure of the first-wave international women’s movement to accommodate difference. Influenced by growing ethos of cultural internationalism
    [Show full text]
  • WA Centenary Challenge
    From the State Team As we begin the celebrations for the 100th year of Girl Guides Western Australia, we have been wondering what those early Guides and their Leaders would think about Guiding in the 21st century. They would probably be amazed by the use of technology, possibly shocked by girls and young women in trousers or shorts and hopefully reassured by the continued focus on the fundamental principles in our programs. If only Dr Who was real so we could send a TARDIS to bring them into the future to have a look or go back ourselves and thank those early pioneers. The Centenary Challenge has been developed by Ellen Walker from Brookton with input from a number of Leaders and friends. The information contained in this resource is a valuable series of snapshots of how Guiding and the world have changed over each decade and the research that has gone into each section is considerable. It is fascinating to see what has been achieved and at the same time to realise how important aspects have remained constant. However, the real benefits of the package will only be appreciated by trying the challenges yourselves and learning firsthand about our history. One of the issues about celebrating an anniversary is being able to access information and materials from previous times. So while you are looking back, try to remember those who will be doing the research for our Bicentenary in 2115. Keep records of your challenge activities in logbooks, scrapbooks or computer files. Take lots of photos and video clips, making sure that everyone in them is identified by name and include the date and location of the activity.
    [Show full text]
  • GGA-Policy-Organization-And-Rules-1957.Pdf
    THE POLICY, ORGANIZATION, AND RULES OF THE GIRL GUIDES ASSOCIATION (Incorporated by Royal Charter) PATRONS HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH II HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH THE QUEEN MOTHER PRESIDENT HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS ROYAL 1957 LONDON THE GIRL GUIDES ASSOCIATION Commonwealth Headquarters TWO SHILLINGS First Edition, 1916 Twenty-first Edition, 1936 Twenty-second Edition, 1938 Twenty-third Edition, 1939 Twenty-fourth Edition, 1943 Twenty-fifth Edition, 1947 Twenty-sixth Edition, 1950 Twenty-seventh Edition, 1953 Twenty-eighth Edition, 1957 • THE GIRL GUIDES ASSOCIATION Commonwealth Headquarters P.O. Box 269, 17-19 Buckingham Palace Road, London, S.W.1, England. Telephone: VICtoria 6001 (4 lines) 'GIRL GUIDES' 11.40. MAO. 1111/.. Made and printed in England by STAPLES PRINTERS LIMITED at their Rochester, Kent, establishment CONTENTS PAGE THE FOUNDER'S FOREWORD . IV PROMISE, LAW, AND MOTTO . V EXPLANATIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS Vi GENERAL PRINCIPLES . 1 ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 5 OVERSEAS . 15 THE BROWNIE BRANCH 17 THE GUIDE BRANCH • 28 THE RANGER BRANCH • 60 THE CADET SECTION . 95 GUIDING IN SCHOOLS, COLLEGES, AND UNIVERSITIES . 99 THE LONE SECTION . 102 THE EXTENSION SECTION . 105 THE AUXILIARY SECTION . 111 THE TREFOIL GUILD 113 UNIFORM • 116 TRAINING 130 CAMPING 136 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS • 146 PUBLIC RELATIONS . 149 BOY Scours • 151 TESTING . • 152 BATHING, BOATING, AND AIR SAFETY • 154 THE ASSOCIATION AWARDS 162 MISCELLANEOUS RULES . • 164 BIBLIOGRAPHY: List of Training Handbooks and other useful publications . 166 BRANCH SHOPS . 169 REGISTERED GOODS 170 INDEX 171 iii THE FOUNDER'S FOREWORD MAY I draw your attention to the fact that the following pages contain RULES, not REGULATIONS. There is a world of difference between the two.
    [Show full text]