2020 ONLINE FORENSIC SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS July 27th - 31st, 2020 Current Trends in Forensic Trace Analysis FREE Registration / CE Credits Available WELCOME MESSAGE

Conference Founder, Tom Gluodenis:

Welcome to the 3rd Annual Online Forensic Symposium. It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the second event in this year’s “Online Forensic Symposium – Current Trends in Forensic Trace Analysis.” The demand for information, continuing education and international cooperation has continued to increase, fueling the growth of this Symposium from a 3-day event in 2018 to a series of week-long events covering forensic toxicology, seized drugs, and trace analysis. As the event has expanded, I have required more assistance in ensuring the exceptional quality of technical content that you have come to expect from the Symposium. Consequently, I am thrilled to have two outstanding Program Chairs – Tatiana Trejos (West Virginia University) & Gerard van der Peijl (Netherlands Forensic Institute) who have voluntarily dedicated their time and talents in developing this year’s program. I can’t thank them enough for all that they have done. Similarly, my heartfelt thanks go out to all of this year’s speakers who are volunteering their time and sharing their knowledge and expertise for the benefit of the broader community. Another change this year is the Symposium’s new home: The Center for Forensic Science, Research & Education (CFSRE). I am deeply grateful to the CFSRE team, who has worked tirelessly to create a special place for the Symposium to reside. The alignment of our mission and vision with regard to education, professional development and international outreach in the areas of Forensic Chemistry/Toxicology and Forensic Biology has resulted in a wonderfully synergistic partnership. I also thank the various institutes and academic institutions that have supported this Symposium including the Netherlands Forensic Institute, Arcadia University, Thomas Jefferson University, and West Virginia University. A special thanks to all of this year’s sponsors for allowing this week to happen. As you know, there is no registration fee – the entire event is free of charge to anyone who wishes to attend. For those unable to join live, the Symposium will be recorded and made available in an on-demand format. Despite the many volunteer hours that go into producing this event by myself, the speakers, the Program Chairs, and the CFSRE, there are still costs that need to be covered. If it were not for the generosity of our friends at Applied Spectra, Hitachi, Ionsense, PerkinElmer, Renishaw, Shimadzu and ThermoFisher this event would not be possible. Please do take the time to listen to their presentations, honestly complete the registration questionnaire which provides them with valuable feedback and support these businesses whenever possible just as they are supporting you this week. Finally, I would like to thank all of you who have made personal contributions in support of this event. Particularly in these difficult economic times, commercial sponsorships fail to cover all the costs of the platform and technical assistance necessary to produce a complex event such as this. Your individual donations are very much appreciated. Thank you, and I hope you enjoy this opportunity to Learn without Leaving the Lab!

Warm Regards,

Tom Gluodenis, MBA, PMFS, Ph.D., Assoc. Professor, Lincoln University Organizer & Vendor Liaison Online Forensic Symposium: Forensic Toxicology [email protected] linkedin.com/in/tgluodenis WELCOME MESSAGE

Scientific Program Chairs:

“The Value of Trace Evidence Multi-Disciplinary Nature: Needs and Opportunities” As Edmond Locard forecasted, trace evidence can play a significant role in criminal investigations. Glass, paint, fire debris, gunshot residues, tapes, cosmetics, plastics, pollens, soils, hairs, and fibers are just a few examples of trace materials that could become interconnected in a crime scene, telling us a story about how the events occurred. The multidisciplinary nature of trace evidence brings complexity and challenges, but at the same time, it is in that very aspect where the opportunities and value of trace evidence prevails. Technological advances in informatics, lasers, photography, microscopy, spectroscopy, spectrometry, and sampling devices, have evolved the way trace evidence can be utilized. Most importantly, the appropriate use of those developments depends on our most valuable asset: the individuals behind it. We ultimately rely on the expertise and decision-making abilities of the human element, from the discovery at the crime scene to the examination, to the interpretation and accurate presentation of evidence in the court. Despite its capabilities, trace evidence is often underutilized, in part to the cost and time associated with its examinations. However, it is our responsibility to propose and implement models that can maximize its full potential. Beyond its use in a trial as exclusionary or associative evidence, clues derived from trace materials can—and shall— be used more effectively in reconstructing events, leading investigations, and as a resource for intelligence matters. To unfold the actual value of trace evidence, we need to make better use of its multidisciplinary benefits. Avoiding the temptation of remaining in our discipline-specific comfort zone, we can together move forward to more encompassing strategies and exploit the many meaningful connections between traces. During this week, we invite you to recognize the value of professional collaborations. Start here, in this symposium, by participating not only in those sessions related to your current area of interest but to all week-long sessions to foster the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary debates. We anticipate vivid discussions on the analysis and interpretation of cases and schemes to combine forensic evidence, such as cases involving cross-transfer of different trace evidence. We will enjoy contributions from practitioners, industry, and academia in many areas of trace evidence, including glass, paint, hair, tape, fibers, and gunshot residues. Also, we will exchange ideas about the scientific evaluation of various trace evidence that may not be fully dependent. Perhaps, while listening to the experience of collaborative efforts among forensic scientists, researchers and statisticians, you would learn something that will change the way you approach your next case, investigation, research project, or future managerial decisions. Welcome to the 2020 Online Forensic Symposium! Stay with us, participate, engage, and enjoy!

Tatiana Trejos, PhD – Chair Dr. Gerard van der Peijl, PhD – Co-Chair SYMPOSIUM 2020

Tatiana Trejos, PhD Scientific Program Chair Assistant Professor of the Department of Forensic and Investigative Sciences at West Virginia University

Dr. Tatiana Trejos is an Assistant Professor of the Department of Forensic and Investigative Sciences at West Virginia University. Dr. Trejos teaches forensic chemistry and research design courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Dr. Trejos’ primary research interest includes the application of chemometrics to evidence interpretation and the discovery of chemical signatures of forensic materials by spectroscopic methods, such as SEM-EDS, ICP-MS, Laser Ablation ICP-MS, u-XRF, and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Dr. Trejos’ recent research focuses on the analysis of trace evidence materials, inks, and gunshot residues. Tatiana Trejos has authored over 35 peer-reviewed scientific publications and book chapters in the field of forensic chemistry and has presented over 140 oral presentations and posters at scientific meetings worldwide. Dr. Trejos is the recipient of the prestigious science and technology award “Clodomiro Picado Twight” from the Costa Rican National Academy of Sciences (2015) and was listed on the Forensics Colleges’ top 10 forensic chemistry professors. Tatiana has contributed to different scientific working groups, including the EU-funded NITECRIME group, the NIJ-funded Elemental Analysis Working Group (EAGW), and the NIJ-funded Glass Interpretation Working Group. One of the most relevant achievements of these professional groups is the development of technically sound and consensus- based standards to improve forensic practice (e.g., American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) standard methods). Tatiana was appointed by NIST to serve as a member of the Materials (Trace) Subcommittee within the Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC), where she currently serves as chair of the Glass Task Group, and member of the Interpretation, Research, and Physical Fit Groups. SYMPOSIUM 2020

Dr. Gerard van der Peijl Scientific Program Co-Chair Senior Forensic Scientist, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands

Dr. Gerard van der Peijl is a senior forensic scientist at the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI) where he investigated a wide range of materials (drugs, arson accelerants, paint, glass, tape, ...). He also made environmental and wildlife forensics investigations. Van der Peijl has been project leader for various projects, a.o. the forensic application of (LA-)ICPMS and (GC-)IRMS, the use of isotopes to geographically provenance human remains (IDIS) and the development of complex chemical tracers and markers for the Dutch National Police. His interest is in developing combinations of highly discriminating techniques to be able to provide strong links between forensic exhibits.

Gerard van der Peijl is one of the founding members of the Paint and glass group of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) and the EU NITECRIME project. As scientific secretary of an ENFSI project (on request of the Russian Ministry of Justice) he participated in an international validation of forensic methods for platinum intermediate products. Van der Peijl is a member of the Steering Group of the Forensic Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (FIRMS) Network. More recently one of his tasks is to lead multidisciplinary forensic teams in complex investigations and integrate the combined results of these investigations into a single report, if possible at activity level. Bayesian networks are used to scientifically combine (partly) dependent results.

Van der Peijl, on invitation, gave plenary lectures on Advances in Forensic Science at the 1st International Symposium on Forensic Theory and Practice in Shanghai, China (2011), and at the 1st symposium of Korean Forensic Sciences Association, Seoul, South Korea (2013). Van der Peijl co-chaired the ENFSI2012 theme Progress in Forensic Science and Innovative Technology. On invitation he also participated in a 2013 US NSF workshop to discuss forensic science R&D programs. Presently he is a member of the Advisory Board of the Danish SoilTracker project in which new forensic methods are being developed for the investigation of soil traces. SYMPOSIUM 2020

Dr. Tom Gluodenis Symposium Organizer Associate Professor, Lincoln University, PA linkedin.com/in/tgluodenis

Dr. Tom Gluodenis earned a PMFS from Florida International University, an EMBA from St. Joseph University in Philadelphia and his MSc. and Ph.D.in analytical chemistry from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He spent 23 years with Hewlett-Packard/Agilent Technologies most recently as Director of Homeland Security Programs and the Global Business Manager for Forensics & Forensic Toxicology. In those roles, Dr. Gluodenis was an expert resource on forensic trends, regulations, technologies, and testing protocols while coordinating countless partnerships & collaborations with practitioners and researchers around the globe. In addition to organizing the annual Online Forensic Symposium Series and his appointment as an Assistant Professor at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, Dr. Gluodenis currently serves on several consensus bodies including ASTM E.30, the American Standards Board, and the NIST Organization of Scientific Area Committees. He is also a member of a number of national and international forensic organizations including the Society of Forensic Toxicologists, the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, and the Forensic & Clinical Toxicology Association of Australasia. SYMPOSIUM 2020

The mission statement of the CFSRE is to advance the field of forensic science for future and current practitioners as well as members of the justice system by providing innovation, mentorship, advanced technology and expertise to promote progress and quality in the forensic sciences. For more information on our continuing education and professional development programs, please visit: www.CFSRE.org SYMPOSIUM 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS AGENDA

ABSTRACTS & LEARNING OBJECTIVES PRESENTER BIOGRAPHIES

POSTER ABSTRACT

UPCOMING EVENTS AGENDA QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Monday – July 27th, 2020 Trace Evidence: From Crime Scene to the Courtroom

9am EST – 9:15am EST | 1pm GMT – 1:15pm GMT Welcome & Introduction Dr. Tatiana Trejos & Dr. Gerard van der Peijl, Scientific Program Chairs

9:15am EST – 10:15am EST 1:15pm GMT – 2:15pm GMT GSR Analysis in Multidisciplinary Cases- Examples Sébastien Charles, Dr. Sc., National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, Brussels, Belgium

9:55am EST – 10:10am EST 1:55pm GMT – 2:30pm GMT Raman Microscopy Designed for the Forensics Lab (sponsored) Tim Prusnick, US Sales Manager, Renishaw Inc Spectroscopy Products Division, Ill, USA

10:10am EST – 10:50am EST 2:10pm GMT – 2:50pm GMT Evidence Schemes to Assist in Combining Forensic Evidence Drs. Jan A de Koeijer, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands

10:50am EST – 11:30pm EST 2:50pm GMT – 3:20pm GMT How Paint / Polymer & Glass Made the Case Edward “Chip“ Pollock, SCDA Office Laboratory of Forensic Services, CA USA

11:30am EST – 12:00pm EST 3:30pm GMT – 4:00pm GMT Panel Discussion All of the day’s speakers AGENDA QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Tuesday – July 28th, 2020 Forensic Interpretation of Glass Evidence

9:00am EST – 10:00am EST 1:00pm GMT – 2:00pm GMT Comparative Glass Analysis in The Netherlands Dr. Peter D. Zoon, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands

10:00am EST – 10:15am EST 2:00pm GMT – 2:15pm GMT Laser Ablation ICP-MS – A Look at New Sample Preparation and Introduction Systems (sponsored) Aaron Hineman, PerkinElmer Instruments, CT, USA

10:15am EST – 11:15am EST 2:15pm GMT – 3:15pm GMT Recent Developments in the Interpretation of Glass Evidence Jose Almirall, PhD, Florida International University, FL USA

11:15am EST – 11:30am 3:15pm GMT – 3:30pm GMT Intuitive Software for Forensic Comparison of Trace Evidence (sponsored) Dr. Steve Shuttleworth, Applied Spectra, Inc, West Sacramento, CA, USA

11:30am EST – 12:00pm EST 3:30pm GMT – 4:00pm GMT Panel Discussion All of the day’s speakers AGENDA QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Wednesday – July 29th, 2020 Interpretation of Trace Evidence & the Role of Databases in Forensic Paint Investigations

9:00am EST – 10:00am EST 1:00pm GMT – 2:00pm GMT Using Paint Databases (e.g., Paint Data Query) in Investigations and Casework Diana M. Wright, PhD, F-ABC, Chemistry Unit, FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA, USA

10:00am EST – 10:15am EST 2:00pm GMT – 2:15pm GMT Picking Up the Pieces – An Intro to Paint Chip Analysis by IR Microscopy (sponsored) Ryan Smith, Sr. PhD, Field Applications Scientist, PerkinElmer Inc, CT USA

10:15am EST – 11:15am EST 2:15pm GMT – 3:15pm GMT Interpretation of Trace Evidence: Focus on Paint Andria Mehltretter, M.S., F-ABC, Chemistry Unit, FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA, USA.

11:15am EST – 11:30am EST 3:15pm GMT – 3:30pm GMT Rapid Automotive Paint Analysis via Direct Analysis in Real Time-Mass Spectrometry (sponsored) Dr. Mark Maric, National Center for Forensic Science at the University of Central Florida, FL, USA

11:30am EST – 12:00pm EST 3:30pm GMT – 4:00pm GMT Panel Discussion All of the day’s speakers AGENDA QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Thursday – July 30th, 2020 Current Trends in Hair, Fiber and Tape Examinations

9:00am EST – 10:00am EST 1:00pm GMT – 2:00pm GMT Microscopical Discrimination of Human Head Hairs Sandra Koch, PhD McCrone Associates, IL, USA

10:00am EST – 10:15am EST 2:00pm GMT – 2:15pm GMT LC-MS Method for Quantitation of Drugs of Abuse in Hair (sponsored) Kristine Van Natta, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA

10:15am EST – 11:15am EST 2:15pm GMT – 3:15pm GMT Advances in Physical Fit & Spectral Comparisons of Tapes Tatiana Trejos, PhD, West Virginia University, Dept. of Forensic & Investigative Science, WV USA & Cedric Neumann, PhD, South Dakota State University, SD, USA

11:15am EST – 11:30am EST 3:15pm GMT – 3:30pm GMT AIMing towards Fiber Identification (sponsored) Gilbert Vial, Senior Product Specialist, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments.

11:30am EST – 12:00pm EST 3:30pm GMT – 4:00pm GMT Panel Discussion All of the day’s speakers AGENDA QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Friday – July 31st, 2020 Needs & Opportunities in Gunshot Residue Analysis

9:00am EST – 9:40am EST 1:00pm GMT – 1:40pm GMT Forensic Examination of Gunshot Residues (GSR) From the Viewpoint of QA Dr. Ludwig H. Niewoehner, Forensic Science Institute of the Bundeskriminalamt, Wiesbaden, Germany

9:40am EST – 9:55am EST 1:40pm GMT – 1:55pm GMT Automated Gunshot Residue Analysis on a Desktop SEM (sponsored) Rogier Miltenburg, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eindhoven, NL

9:55am EST – 10:35am EST 1:55pm GMT – 2:35pm GMT Vibrational Spectroscopy of Gunshot Residue Igor Lednev, PhD, University at Albany, SUNY, NY USA

10:35am EST – 10:50am EST 2:35pm GMT – 2:50pm GMT Scanning Electron Microscopy of Gunshot Residue (sponsored) William K. Podrazky, Hitachi High-Tech America, Inc., Nanotechnology Systems Division, Clarksburg, MD USA

10:50am EST – 11:30pm EST 2:50pm GMT – 3:30pm GMT Development of a Versatile IGSR Microparticle Standard Luis Arroyo, PhD & Tatiana Trejos, PhD, West Virginia University, Dept. of Forensic & Investigative Science, WV USA

11:30am EST – 12:00pm EST 3:30pm GMT – 4:00pm GMT Panel Discussion All of the day’s speakers ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Monday – July 27th, 2020 9:15am EST – 9:55am EST 1:15pm GMT – 1:55pm GMT

GSR Analysis in Multidisciplinary Cases – Examples Sébastien Charles, Dr. Sc., National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, Brussels, Belgium

Abstract: While finding gunshot residues (GSR) on an exhibit can be of great value to the investigation, there are still many examples where these results are criticized and considered insufficient by the court in terms of probative value. Indeed, the risk of contamination by police forces when intercepting suspects must be taken into account. Moreover, if the person owns firearms and reports handling them regularly (as a hunter, for example), or if the person is known to be potentially involved with firearms (e.g. drug dealer), how to make the link with the shooting incident, and thus make the difference with a contamination of his or her daily environment ? A multidisciplinary approach that also involves other types of evidence can be the key to a successful resolution of a case.

A first example relating to a shooting incident during a chase between two vehicles will illustrate the analytical strategy deployed. For this case, forensic examinations of GSR, paint and glass were conducted and presented to the court, making the combination of these elements sufficient evidence for the jury to convict the suspect.

A second example will deal with shooting distance determination. The presence of a black cloud on a piece of clothing around the point of impact is intuitively interpreted as the result of a shot at (very) close range. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the wipe ring, combined with a fibre/textile examination of the area where the cloud is visible, led to unexpected results, which thwarted the initial findings.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Have an overview of the analytical approach for the identification and characterization of gunshot residues 2. Have an idea of the limits of GSR analysis, in particular with regard to contextual interpretation (prevalence, persistence, contamination) 3. Have examples where the multidisciplinary approach involving GSR analysis is a real added value ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Monday – July 27th, 2020 9:55am EST – 10:10am EST 1:55pm GMT – 2:10pm GMT Raman Microscopy Designed for the Forensics Lab (sponsored) Tim Prusnick, US Sales Manager, Renishaw Inc Spectroscopy Products Division, Chicago, Ill USA

Abstract: The forensic community has become increasingly familiar with Raman spectroscopy over the last twenty- five years, as indicated by the number of learned publications that refer to Raman spectroscopy in a forensic context.

Wider access to high-performance, user-friendly Raman systems has a led to improved awareness, and has inspired developments specific to the forensic sciences, across a wide range of applications - such as trace evidence analysis, where high spatial resolution combines with molecularly specific chemical analysis.

Improved access has been driven by step-changes in the availability of high-quality instrumentation. Fully integrated systems are now available that combine breakthroughs in spectrometer and laser design, sampling techniques, data analysis methods with significant levels of automation.

The key benefits to the forensic scientist are that the modern Raman system is far easier to use and far more bench-friendly than previous generations - not requiring a specialist facility and facilitating routine use without highly specialized training; secondly, the range of sample handling techniques available allows a diverse range of materials to be studied, making the technique applicable to a broad range of evidence types; and finally, improved performance arising from more efficient designs and more sensitive detectors results in actionable answers being generated far more quickly than in previous generations.

One embodiment is particularly strong – the benchtop Raman microscope. Renishaw has been at the forefront of development in this area for twenty-five years. Many in the forensic community already benefit from the integration of research-grade optical microscopy with high-performance spectral analysis - providing identification, quantification, and distribution analysis of organic, inorganic, and semiconductor materials in the condensed phase. In this presentation we will highlight the key features of Raman systems that can provide practical benefits to a forensic laboratory, such as confocal Raman analysis, Raman imaging, particle analysis and correlative imaging.

We will also set these features in context of practical implementation, using examples drawn from Renishaw’s experience of providing systems for both the routine and research laboratories – and by introducing Renishaw’s inVia™ InSpect confocal Raman microscope, optimized for routine use in forensic research and analysis.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Be able to name three key features required of a benchtop Raman microscope optimized for forensic analysis 2. Be able to recall three key benefits of modern, user-friendly high-performance Raman instrumentation 3. Be able to name three methods of analysis or workflows that inVia™ InSpect offers the user, and which applications will benefit from their use The perfect addition to your forensic laboratory

inVia™ InSpect confocal Raman microscope for trace analysis

You use a range of analytical systems in your • Identify materials that may be difficult or time forensic laboratory. Make sure you are seeing consuming to study with other techniques, such the whole picture with the inVia InSpect – our as hard crystalline powders, ceramic shards best-selling confocal Raman microscope, now and glass chips. optimised for trace analysis. • Save time by reducing the need to prepare samples. • It’s a non-contact technique, so you can maintain the integrity of your evidence. Visit www.renishaw.com/inspect

Renishaw, Inc. 1001 Wesemann Drive, West Dundee, IL, 60118 T 847-286-9953 F 847-286-9974 E usa @renishaw .com www.renishaw.com ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Monday – July 27th, 2020 10:10am EST – 10:50am EST 2:10pm GMT – 2:50pm GMT Evidence Schemes to Assist in Combining Forensic Evidence Drs. Jan A de Koeijer, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands

Abstract: Currently, one of the major challenges for the forensic community is the evaluation and reporting of forensic evidence at the so-called activity level. Although much has been written on activity level evaluation for trace evidence such as DNA, fibres, glass, etc., bridging the gap between source level and activity level interpretation is still a major challenge. However, it brings a wealth of possibilities for a more formal interdisciplinary approach to the evaluation of forensic evidence. This paper proposes a methodology for the evaluation of interdisciplinary evidence within the likelihood ratio framework.

Evidence schemes are introduced to assist the forensic expert in combining different types of conditionally independent evidence. These evidence schemes are simple and intuitive and give a great deal of insight into how interdisciplinary evidence may be combined in a probabilistic manner.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Have learned a valuable new tool to organize complex forensic cases into a structured evidence scheme 2. Have learned a systematic approach to breaking down complex crime and defense scenario’s into manageable forensic pieces 3. Have learned a structured method for combining conditionally independent forensic evidence from different disciplines. ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Monday – July 27th, 2020 10:50am EST – 11:30am EST 2:50pm GMT – 3:30pm GMT How Paint / Polymer & Glass Made the Case Edward “Chip“ Pollock, Laboratory Director, Sacramento County District Attorney’s Office, Laboratory of Forensic Services, CA USA

Abstract: The presentation will discuss the types of cases encountered in the crime lab as it relates to paints and polymers and glass. In addition, there will be a discussion on how paint and polymer cases and glass cases are examined in the crime lab. This will include the general analysis scheme and the instrumentation used to exam these types of evidence encountered in criminal investigations. Finally, there will be a discussion on a physical fit case of a plastic bucket and a glass case which were involved two separate homicide cases.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Have a better understanding of how paint and glass cases are examined. 2. Have a better understanding how trace evidence can be a tremendously valuable in the investigation of cases of crime. 3. Gain an appreciation of the value of trace evidence and recognize that every laboratory would benefit have trace evidence analysis capability. ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Tuesday – July 28th, 2020 9:00am EST – 10:00am EST 1:00pm GMT – 2:00pm GMT Comparative Glass Analysis in The Netherlands Dr. Peter D. Zoon, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands

Abstract: A short background on glass (composition, production etc) will be given. Next an introduction in glass fracture analysis will be presented. The main topic of this presentation will be comparative glass examination, i.e. does this glass trace shares a common origin with the reference glass? The procedures for collecting glass traces and analysis techniques used at the NFI will be discussed.

Once the (trace) elemental compositions of trace and reference have been determined, the comparison can take place. At the NFI two methods are used in conjunction with each other: match criterion using confidence intervals and the Bayesian approach with likelihood ratios. Benefits and drawback of both methods will be discussed. A detailed discussion will show how the Aitken and Lucy two level model (TLM) is set up and calibrated to yield realistic and balanced likelihood ratios that can be used to support comparisons in casework.

Finally the NFI glass database will be discussed. In the Netherlands (and surrounding countries) there has been a significant increase in the number of attacks on ATM machines over last couple of years. Offenders aim to gain entry to the money safe that is located in the interior of the ATM. In the past, acetylene/oxygen gas mixtures were introduced into the ATM and subsequently detonated. Fortunately this is a method that can be easily detected and countered using automatic systems. Banks have since then adapted their ATM machines and thus nullified this method of attack. As can be expected the attack method was also adapted, currently powerful IED’s are used to gain access to the safe. These attacks are frequent, about once a week, and the explosions incur significant damage to buildings and surroundings. So far no fatalities have occurred. Investigators noticed a recurring M.O. and figured that these crimes are being committed by several groups of people with prepared sets of gear (getaway vehicles, clothing etc).

In close collaboration with the investigating authorities the NFI offered to analyze reference glass from ATM attacks and store the composition in a database for future comparisons. This database has been set up a couple of years ago and now contains nearly 1000 reference glass samples from ATM attacks in the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. Several successful comparisons have been made against the database.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Have a general understanding of possibilities that the different types of forensic glass examinations offer 2. Have a detailed understanding of the differences between match criteria and the likelihood framework as applied in comparative glass examinations 3. Know the benefits a forensic glass database offers when dealing with serial based offences ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Tuesday – July 28th, 2020 10:00am EST – 10:15am EST 2:00pm GMT – 2:15pm GMT

Laser Ablation ICP-MS – A Look at New Sample Preparation and Introduction Systems (Sponsored) Aaron Hineman, Inorganic Product Line Leader, PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT USA

Abstract: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) coupled to a laser ablation (LA) system is used in a variety of sample characterization and “fingerprinting” applications for elemental analysis. Much effort in improving this characterization is focused on providing accurate and repeatable ablations, consistent and stable introduction to the ICP-MS, and fast data acquisition speeds to ensure optimum spatial resolution. Spectral interferences which are particularly problematic with high matrix samples that are ablated can be effectively eliminated or significantly reduced using the Universal Cell Technology (UCT) found in the NexION Series ICP-MS. The UCT is capable of operating in three distinct modes: 1) standard mode (vented cell) for interference-free isotopes; 2) the dynamic reaction cell (DRC) mode with reactive gases; and 3) the kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode with helium. While the KED mode is particularly useful for complex matrices with unknown interferences, the DRC mode provides ultimately low detection limits (sub ppt) for the interfered isotopes of interest. Recently there has been significant work in improving the accuracy and precision of LA-ICP-MS systems as well as the throughput of these systems which were traditionally limited to slow sample changeover times. The updates to both components (ICP-MS and LA) will be discussed during this talk.

Detailed Learning Objectives: a) Learn about updates to ICP-MS technology, improving specificity b) Learn about new sample cells used in LA-ICP-MS c) Learn about recent automation for LA-ICP-MS analysis ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Tuesday – July 28th, 2020 10:15am EST – 11:15am EST 2:15pm GMT – 3:15pm GMT Recent Developments in the Interpretation of Glass Evidence Jose Almirall, PhD, Florida International University, FL USA Abstract: A standard test method of analysis (ASTM E2927-16a) describes a consensus-based approach to sampling, sample preparation, multivariate quantitative chemical analysis and also suggests a “match” criterion for the comparison of chemical properties of glass evidence. The result of this “gold standard” method is a binary decision of either finding a difference in the elemental composition (exclusion) or a failure to exclude, based on elemental composition. This presentation aims to improve on this conclusion by demonstrating the utility of likelihood ratio (LR) calculations using novel datasets of glass samples of known manufacturing history. Likelihood ratios were calculated using a previously reported multivariate kernel density (MVK) (Aitken and Lucy) and calibrated with pool adjacent violators (PAV) using a method previously reported by the authors (Corzo et. al., 2018 and Hoffman et. al., 2018). Three different test datasets derived from the analysis of glass from known manufacturing origins (> 400 samples from four (4) different plants) and using the ASTM analytical method are interrogated using LR calculations are used to evaluate rates of misleading evidence (ROME) for the use of LRs when ground truth is known (Akmeemana e.t al., 2020 and Gupta et. al., 2020). Two (2) different background databases are used to calculate the LRs and the impact of the use of the different background data is presented. The first background dataset is derived from a collection of ~ 500 different authentic vehicle glass samples collected in the USA over 2 decades. The second background was provided by the Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) forensic laboratory and includes ~ 360 casework samples from different sources. The LRs calculated from comparing glass manufactured at three different plants over relatively short periods (over 2-6 weeks) result in a range of calibrated LR values from very low (LR~10-3) when the glass are manufactured at different plants or manufactured weeks-months apart in the same plant to very high (LR~103) when the glass samples either originate from the same source or were manufactured on the same day and in the same plant. The ROME rate for many different possible comparisons for this ground truth set of samples is presented in the form of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The results confirm that, although some of the glass samples being compared may not originate from the same broken window source, they exhibit chemical similarity within these lower and upper bounds and the LRs presented closely correlate chemical relatedness to manufacturing history, specifically the time interval between glass production. Corzo, R.; Hoffman, T.; Weis, P.; Franco-Pedroso, J.; Ramos, D.; Almirall, J. The Use of LA-ICP-MS Databases to Calculate Likelihood Ratios for the Forensic Analysis of Glass Evidence. Talanta 2018, No. 186, 655–661. Hoffman, T.; Corzo, R.; Weis, P.; Pollock, E.; van Es, A.; Wiarda, W.; Stryjnik, A.; Dorn, H.; Heydon, A.; Hoise, E.; et al. An Inter-Laboratory Evaluation of LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Glass and the Use of a Database for the Interpretation of Glass Evidence. Forensic Chem. 2018, No. 11, 65–76. Akmeemana, A, Weis, P, Corzo, R., Ramos, D., Zoon, P., Trejos, T., Ernst, T., Pollock, E., Bakowska, E., Neumann, C., Almirall, J., Interpretation of Chemical Data from Glass Analysis for Forensic Purposes, J. of Chemometrics, 2020, submitted. Gupta, A., Corzo, R., Akmeemana, A., Lambert, K., Jimenez, K., Curran, J.M., Almirall, J.R., Dimensionality reduction of multielement glass evidence to calculate likelihood ratios, J. of Chemometrics, 2020, submitted.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Become familiar with the history of the development and validation of the ASTM E2927a16 standard method of analysis for glass evidence. 2. Become familiar with the different approaches to the interpretation of glass evidence in the USA and how the calculation of LRs offers advantages to current approaches. 3. Become familiar with the uncertainty (ROME and ROC curves) associated with the calculation of LRs using four different ground truth sample sets and using two different background datasets. ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Tuesday – July 28th, 2020 11:15am EST – 11:30am EST 3:15pm GMT – 3:30pm GMT Verify - Intuitive Software for Forensic Comparison of Trace Evidence Dr. Steve Shuttleworth, Applied Spectra, Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA

Abstract: Laser Ablation coupled to an ICP-MS for solid sample analysis has been around now since the mid 1980’s. This approach uses a focused laser beam to remove material from the solid surface prior to it being swept in a gas stream (typically helium) into the ICP ionization source of the mass spectrometer for subsequent analysis of elements in the sample. The ions which are created in the ICP and subsequently separated by their mass to charge ratio can be referenced to standards to obtain concentrations for the elements present. LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) is another emerging atomic spectroscopy technique that analyzes emitted light from the plasma generated by laser ablation. In recent times, the various research works have started to demonstrate the effectiveness of LIBS for forensic trace evidence analysis. Both LA-ICP-MS and LIBS are fast and require very little sample preparation. They are both capable of 10’s micron level spatial resolution without destroying or damaging important trace evidence samples. Both LA-ICP-MS and LIBS have been evaluated and demonstrated analytical capability for discriminating a wide range of trace evidence samples such as glass fragments, fibers, paint layers and chips, tapes, papers, etc. In particular, ASTM method E2927 was created specifically for forensic glass fragment analysis based on LA-ICP-MS.

Applied Spectra, INC manufactures a wide range of laser ablation and LIBS instrumentation. The company also manufacture the Tandem LA – LIBS Instrument with highly unique capability of performing simultaneous LA-ICP-MS and LIBS analysis to extract both optical and mass spectra info from the same sample. The systems are easily coupled with all commercially available ICP Mass Spectrometers. In this talk, Applied Spectra LA and LIBS products will be highlighted with distinct advantages that different product offers for forensic analysis. Furthermore, the talk also features Applied Spectra’s ‘Verify’ software module that works seamlessly with data analysis program of Applied Spectra LA and LIBS instruments to compare questioned samples and determine match against the known standard. The Verify follows the E2927 method for glass fragment analysis and allows multiple data sets to be compared at up to the 4 sigma confidence limit to show if the elemental data sets are indistinguishable. The software can handle both LIBS and LA-ICP-MS data and is in use in a number of crime labs around the world.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Discover different options of LA and LIBS instrument for forensic trace evidence analysis 2. Learn how LA-ICP-MS or LIBS data is treated with example of glass fragment analysis 3. Understand how Verify software can work with LA-ICP-MS or LIBS data to perform comparison against the known samples and determine match based on accepted statistical criteria Game Changing Laser Ablation Technology for Confident Forensic Decisions

LA, LIBS and Tandem LA – LIBS for performing the most discriminating analysis

• High sensitivity and specificity • Applicable for various trace evidence samples  glass fragments, paint layers, soils, fibers, tapes, gunshot residues, and more • Document examination (inks and papers) • Preserves evidence for small and thin samples • Comparison Software Verify based on ASTM-E2927 ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO Wednesday – July 29th, 2020 RECORDINGS 9:00am EST – 10:00am EST 1:00pm GMT – 2:00pm GMT Using Paint Databases (e.g., Paint Data Query) in Investigations and Casework Diana M. Wright, PhD, F-ABC, Chemistry Unit, FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA, USA

Abstract: The use of PDQ in developing make-model-model year range investigative lead information is well documented in the forensic literature. Less commonly discussed is the path that practitioners use to develop the lead information and to technically review a completed case packet of PDQ data that was collected on a given search. Further, since the originators of PDQ, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Paint Data Query Maintenance Team do not issue reports or testify in court, formalized training on PDQ does not cover these aspects of the examination. In this presentation, some time will be spent discussing ways that spectral searches can be used to develop PDQ hit lists as an alternative approach to text-based coding methods of searching. Combining spectral data and name searches will be demonstrated as well as how data is collated for technical review, which does not require repetition of the search process by the reviewer. Examples will be based on the PDQ collaborative exercise from 2015 as well as the practical quizzes that the PDQ Maintenance Team has included in each new PDQ release since 2017. Information on the use of other resources to corroborate or complete PDQ hit list information will also be shared. Finally, examples of report wording for an investigative lead report will be provided and discussed.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Be aware of different ways to use PDQ for investigative lead searches 2. Know what documentation for technical review entails 3. Have examples of report writing involving PDQ search hits ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Wednesday – July 29th, 2020 10:00am EST – 10:15am EST 2:00pm GMT – 2:15pm GMT Picking Up the Pieces - An Introduction to Paint Chip Analysis by IR Microscopy (sponsored) Ryan Smith, Sr., PhD, PerkinElmer Inc, CT USA

Abstract: Infrared spectroscopy is a rapid-and non-destructive technique which is frequently used to analyze the chemical com- position of organic and inorganic substances. This technology provides a “snapshot” of chemical bond types, allowing analysts to quickly determine material and material type. When the infrared spectrometer is coupled with a microscope, this analytical pow- er is extended to analysis of trace evidence on the scale of 10 microns or larger, making it a critical tool for analysis of paint chip evidence.

Measured spectral features are affected by various factors, including structure (layers), organic material (resin/binder), inorganic material (fillers, whiteners, and pigments), morphology, and weathering or degradation. Each will affect the measured data to varied extent, and at different regions in the spectral data, as each is accompanied by changes in material composition. Several example material spectra will be presented to this end.

Infrared spectra of the paint chips can be analyzed in several capacities. Many spectral libraries are available commercially by which the identity of the paint or paint type can be established. This search process can help investigators determine the chemistry of paint and potentially the source of the paint if evidence has not been gathered from a suspect. In instances where evidence is avail- able both from a suspect and the victim, a correlation value may be used to rapidly determine which pairing is most similar between spectra of evidence collected from the suspect and victim. Spectral data is then often compared peak-by-peak to ensure consisten- cy of composition.

Three (3) Detailed Learning Objectives: After having attended this presentation, one will 1. Have a basic understanding of infrared spectroscopy and spectral features 2. Understand the principles of infrared microscopy and how measurements can be performed on trace evidence 3. Understand how infrared spectroscopy is used to fingerprint materials and evaluate matching of paint materials to crime scene evidence Copyright © 2020 PerkinElmer, Inc. 105609 All rights reserved. PerkinElmer® is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. www Learn moreaboutour .perkinelmer .com/category/ft-ir Spotlight and accuracy.Soyou’reabletoanalyzeeventhesmallestsample withpinpointprecision. quality specificationsandISO-9000standardsdeliverunmatched throughput,reproducibility, them theperfectfocalpointforanyforensiclabsetting.Spotlight systemsareengineeredtothehighest imaging andmicroscopysystemsaretheculminationofalong traditionofexceptionaloptics,making Renowned fortheirsensitivity,spatialresolution,easeofuse, andclearresults,ourSpotlight™infrared Microscopy&Imaging Systems at -microscopy-imaging-systems BEEN SEENBEFORE SEE WHAT’S NEVER SEE WHAT’S

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Wednesday – July 29th, 2020 10:15am EST – 11:15am EST 2:15pm GMT – 3:15pm GMT Interpretation of Trace Evidence: Focus on Paint Andria Mehltretter, M.S., F-ABC, Chemistry Unit, FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA, USA Abstract: Over the last decade, the FBI Laboratory Chemistry Unit (CU) has incorporated interpretation scales into its standard operating procedures (SOPs) and laboratory reports to add context to the conclusions reached in paint, tape, and polymer casework. The intention for this implementation was to assist readers of reports in understanding the significance of reported conclusions. The first interpretation scale to be discussed is used in comparison cases, i.e., do these samples have the same or different sources? An expanded version of this comparison scale resides in draft form on the Materials (Trace) Subcommittee of the Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC) website. An inter-laboratory project is in progress to determine whether practitioners can use the guidance document to reach expected and consistent conclusions based on mock case scenarios involving paint evidence. Meanwhile, the FBI Laboratory continues to use its version of the scale in its paint and polymer comparison reports and has noticed an increase in similar reporting in published proficiency test results. In comparisons, samples are analyzed and then the practitioner determines whether the compared samples can be discriminated based on accumulated data. Next, the results are evaluated on a source level to determine and explain the significance of finding any differences or lack of differences between the samples being compared, i.e., for association, how rare or common the observed characteristics are. Finally, activity level factors, such as transfer mechanisms and persistence, are evaluated and incorporated into reports as applicable. A recent review article by Mehltretter, Koch, and Trejos describes foundational research that supports each of these steps of the evaluation. A second interpretation scale, described as a Characterization scale, has been used since 2018 to help explain the significance of a result in a request to identify or classify an unknown polymeric material. Historically, words and phrases such as consistent with, similar to, apparent, and identified have been used to connect the reported material or its chemical composition to a known class or type. This approach suffers from the same limitations as traditional (pre-2009 NAS report) comparison reports if these terms are not defined in the report. Further, context is needed to supplement the examiner’s intended meaning. Factors that go into the decision-making process of assigning a conclusion type include the specific techniques that were used to examine the items of interest, the results of the examinations, any libraries or contemporaneously analyzed standards used, and any limitations inherent within the samples. The current FBI Laboratory Characterization Scale for paints and polymers includes the following terms: Identification, Classification, Indication, Inconclusive, and Negative. One of these conclusion types is assigned to the items of interest in the report, and context for the conclusion is provided in the report narrative as well as inclusion of the entire scale including definitions. The purpose of this presentation is to continue to present these reporting approaches to the forensic science community. The scales will be described, terms will be defined, and example report verbiage will be provided. Feedback on the approaches will be welcomed, and on-going discussions will be encouraged. Next steps will also be discussed. Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Be aware of current interpretation approaches being developed and used in trace evidence reporting, including those for comparisons and characterizations; 2. Have example report verbiage to assist in assessing potential sources of materials, both when potential sources are submitted as knowns and when they are unknown; and 3. Be able to contribute to further development of interpretation approaches. ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Wednesday – July 29th, 2020 11:15am EST – 11:30am EST 3:15pm GMT – 3:30pm GMT Rapid Automotive Paint Analysis via Direct Analysis in Real Time-Mass Spectrometry (Sponsored) Dr. Mark Maric, National Center for Forensic Science at the University of Central Florida, Fl, USA

Abstract: Automotive paint evidence is one of the most commonly identified forms of trace contact evidence encountered at incident scenes where a vehicle has been used in the commission of a crime. Most forensic paint examinations follow a characterization scheme that begins with optical microscopy, followed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and if required pyrolysis-gas chromatography (py-GC) often interfaced to a mass spectrometer (MS). Py-GCMS is widely regarded as the ‘gold standard’ for differentiating between paint samples with similar binder compositions. Although, the discriminating capability of this technique is unparalleled, sample analysis is comparatively time consuming, which is a significant drawback especially in forensic casework.

This research was centered on determining if high resolution-direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (HR-DART-MS) could be employed to rapidly pyrolyze and characterize automotive paint coatings. An optimized protocol was developed for HR-DART- MS and was used to analyze a subset of automotive clear coats and compared to a standard py-GCMS protocol. The results obtained indicated that HR-DART-MS and py-GCMS provided comparable chemical information, however the rapidity of the analysis of HR-DART-MS affords a significant advantage over py-GCMS. Additionally, a thermal desorption/pyrolysis DART-MS protocol was investigated to chemically interrogate paint systems, and the resultant thermal desorption plots indicated the potential for enhanced sample discrimination. Consequently, HR-DART-MS may offer an additional tool to the forensic paint examiner that may aid in casework.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Develop insight into the utility of using HR-DART-MS for the characterization of automotive paint evidence and by extension potentially other forms of polymeric trace contact evidence. 2. Understand the operational principles of the DART and the thermal desorption/pyrolysis DART methodology. 3. Develop an insight into how to process data from thermal desorption/pyrolysis DART-MS which will aid in making more accurate interpretations of the data. No Sample Prep Solution for Forensic Drug Screening

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DART interfaces to LC/MS systems from all major vendors. Visit https://ionsense.com/DART_Technology/DART_Compatibility ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Thursday – July 30th, 2020 9:00am EST – 10:00am EST 1:00pm GMT – 2:00pm GMT Microscopical Discrimination of Human Head Hairs Sandra Koch, PhD McCrone Associates, IL, USA

Abstract: Data from a recent interlaboratory study will be presented on the discrimination of hairs by microscopical analysis. This study adds to our understanding of the strengths and limitations of microscopical comparisons of hairs. Twenty tests were sent as a round robin study. The hair samples making up each test were selected based on a shared mitochondrial DNA haplogroup to assess how well microscopy can be used to differentiate hairs from among those who share a genetic relationship, including twins and other close family members. In addition, hair length, characteristics related to ancestry, and examiner experience were examined relative to examiner accuracy. Using an error matrix, the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of microscopical comparison conclusions from examiners’ responses were assessed. Data was also collected on the amount of training a forensic hair examiner had, years of experience, the types of casework typically received, extent of specialization in trace evidence subfields, and how examiners characterized ancestry of the hair samples provided. The level of consensus among examiner responses was evaluated for each test, and how “rare” or “common” it was to not be able to differentiate hairs of mtDNA-defined groups by microscopical comparisons. Using hairs representing diverse populations and representing varying levels of macroscopic similarity, we found that microscopical comparison could discriminate greater than 85% of the hairs in this study. Accordingly, microscopical analysis of hairs remains a cost effective and nondestructive analytical tool that should continue to serve as the first level of sample discrimination as it provides complementary information not available from DNA or proteomic analysis.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Learn that the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of microscopical hair analysis can vary among examiners and depending on sample features 2. Ancestry features and classification are complex and if diverse hair samples are not regularly examined, comparison abilities may be impacted 3. Microscopical analysis has a role to play in discriminating hair samples prior to destructive analysis ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Thursday – July 30th, 2020 10:00am EST – 10:15am EST 2:00pm GMT – 2:15pm GMT LC-MS Method for Quantitation of Drugs of Abuse in Hair (sponsored) Kristine Van Natta, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA

Abstract: Drugs of abuse testing in hair samples is an emerging diagnostic tool for forensic testing, drug compliance testing, and drug treatment monitoring. In the forensic and public security laboratories, rapid and accurate results are beneficial to advance case progress and are in line with the needs of the first responders. Although urine and blood are routine matrices for drug detection and analysis, they are not suitable for extracting long-term drug use information.

The drug components in blood and urine decrease relatively rapidly via metabolism and excretion, and the matrices themselves also require special storage and shipment for stability. In contrast, hair is easier to obtain and store. In addition, the inherent growth rate and structure of hair can ensure the long-term stability of drug residues, making hair an effective testing matrix for history of long- term drug use.

According to the growth rate of the hair, it is also possible to evaluate the first (long-term) drug use, and roughly estimate the time of the last drug use. This method investigates two different grinding methods, several extraction solvents, and features an easy and quick LC-MS/MS method using the Thermo Scientific™ TSQ Quantis™ triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for quantitative analysis of 16 drugs of abuse in hair.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Gain an understanding of how to prepare and analyze hair samples for multiple drugs of abuse 2. Understand the benefits of using hair as a stable matrix to determine and quantify drugs of abuse 3. Assess the use of triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS to determine long-term drug use Everything leaves a trace

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For forensic use only. © 2016 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries unless otherwise specified.AD64589-EN 0116S ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Thursday – July 30th, 2020 10:15am EST – 11:15am EST 2:15pm GMT – 3:15pm GMT Advances in Physical Fit & Spectral Comparisons of Tapes Tatiana Trejos, PhD, West Virginia University, Dept. of Forensic & Investigative Science, WV USA & Cedric Neumann, PhD, South Dakota State University, SD, USA Abstract: Pressure-sensitive tapes are a common evidence type in a variety of forensic cases, including violent crimes and terrorism. Forensic laboratories are often requested to analyze tape samples for composition and potential source identification. The physical and chemical properties of duct and electrical tapes require different analytical and interpretative approaches. For instance, duct tape physical features are highly distinctive. When two pieces of tape have consistent physical characteristics, the realignment of their edges can indicate whether the two items were once part of the same roll. However, strengthening the scientific foundations of fracture matching is a pending task in our discipline. Conversely, in electrical tapes, which have fewer physical features to evaluate, the elemental analysis is often more informative than the physical examination. Unlike a fracture fit, the association of chemical and physical features among tapes can not definitively establish a single source. In this presentation, we will discuss the reliability of physical matching of duct tape edges and of spectral comparison of electrical tapes, and we will propose objective criteria to support conclusions resulting from comparisons of physical and chemical features of trace evidence. First, we will describe a systematic protocol that was developed to quantify the quality of a fit between duct tape edges using an Edge Similarity Score (ESS). The approach can be leveraged to provide different measures of the evidentiary value of fracture matches in duct tape evidence. A set of over 2250 duct tape end comparisons (including hand-torn and scissor-cut edges, stretched and pristine samples of different quality grade) were analyzed. The data was evaluated through similarity metrics, score-based likelihood ratios (SLR), and Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves. No false positives were found for any of the sets. The accuracy for the low and mid-quality sets ranged between 99.5-99.8%, with false-negative rates of 1-2%. The high-quality sets showed higher uncertainty, with a 21.4% false-negative rate, and overall accuracy of 84.9%. On average, ESS higher than 80% supported the conclusion of a match, while ESS lower than 25% provided an SLR supporting the conclusion of non-match. To further evaluate the utility and reliability of the proposed method, our group coordinated a pilot interlaboratory study (ILS) to assess the inter-examiner agreement on the ESS scores, evaluate error rates, and incorporate participant’s feedback. Three ILS study-kits were created, each consisting of 7 duct tape comparison pairs, with a ground truth of 4 matching pairs, and 3 non-matching pairs, of different levels of difficulty. The tests were designed as a Round Robin and assigned to participants using random number generators. Four examiners blindly analyzed the kits before their distribution to the participants. The results were used as consensus values and provided a baseline for the expected ESS values returned by the participants. Overall, the observed error rates in the ILS study were 93.8% true positives (60/64), 6.2% false negatives (4/64), 100% true negatives (48/48), and 0% false positives (0/48), demonstrating the utility of the comparison approach. The second part of this presentation will describe an objective approach for the comparison of electrical tape’s XRF data. Traditional spectral overlay is a fast and intuitive method of comparison that helps detecting simple distinction of substantial differences between samples. The method is widely used in forensic science and spectrochemical comparisons in general. However, the detection of more minute differences by spectral overlay is more challenging and open to criticism. In this study, we introduce an automated quantitative method based on the well- known “spectral contrast angles” method to establish the level of similarity between sets of spectra. The contrast ratio showed to be a good descriptor of the similarity between spectral comparison pairs. Discrimination power of 99.4% was observed for a set of 94 samples originating from different tape rolls, while 99% correct associations were observed from twenty different fragments of tape from the same roll. We use this method to propose a two-stage interpretative method that can be used as a proxy for the likelihood ratio for tape evidence. Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Understand challenges faced in the forensic interpretation of physical fits and spectral comparisons of tape evidence. 2. Identify benefits of the proposed approaches to support conclusions resulting from comparisons of physical and chemical features of trace evidence. 3. Recognize the utility of interlaboratory studies as a mean to arrive to consensus protocols. ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Thursday – July 30th, 2020 11:15am EST – 11:30am EST 3:15pm GMT – 3:30pm GMT AIMing towards Fiber Identification (sponsored) Gilbert Vial, Senior Product Specialist, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments.

Abstract: Fibers are in integral part of a crime scene investigation in order to determine their origin and potentially tie a suspect to a crime. These fibers have a unique polymer and chemical composition that can be analyzed by fourier transform infared spectrometers coupled to an IR microscope. This unique fingerprint can be used to differentiate and identify fibers recovered from crime scenes to further aid in the investigation. The Shimadzu AIM-9000 is a powerful FTIR microscope which can be applied to forensic applications such as trace evidence. The AIM-9000 is programmable to measure up to 60 samples in one sampling period, allowing for an easy work flow for forensic scientists. The ASTM Method E2224-19 can be measured on the AIM-9000 providing a quick, accurate and non-destructive testing method for fiber samples. In this application, we analyzed a series of fibers to show the versatility, accuracy and simplicity of the AIM-9000 microscope.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Be familiar with the measurement and identification of fiber samples. 2. Be familiar with the Shimadzu AIM-9000 FTIR microscope and it’s use for forensic applications. 3. Be familiar with the Shimadzu Molecular Spectroscopy Product line and applications towards the forensics field. Fast, Efficient Trace Analysis/Identification

SHIMADZU AIMs to provide analysis systems for all Simplify trace analysis with: users. Used in conjunction with the IRTracer-100 or ► Wide Field Camera with 330X zoom feature – makes IRAffinity-1S FTIR spectrometers, the fully automated for fast and easy positioning for accurate analysis AIM-9000 infrared microscope allows performing ► Automatic Contamination Feature – eliminates manual all steps in micro analysis quickly and easily. It is Ideal search and masking routines for faster analysis for identification of trace evidence in forensics and ► Proprietary Contaminant Analysis Program – analyzes characterizing small particles from a variety of different contaminants with a proprietary search routine, providing materials. fast, accurate search results ► 30,000:1 S/N ratio – yields low noise spectra for even the smallest contaminants for better library matching results ► Wide array of accessories – options to match every analytical need

Learn more about Shimadzu’s AIM-9000. Visit us online at www.InvestigateYourLab.com Shimadzu Scientific Instruments Inc., 7102 Riverwood Dr., Columbia, MD 21046, USA ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Friday – July 31st, 2020 9:00am EST – 9:40am EST 1:00pm GMT – 1:40pm GMT Forensic Examination of Gunshot Residues (GSR) – From the Viewpoint of QA Dr. Ludwig H. Niewoehner, Forensic Science Institute of the Bundeskriminalamt, Wiesbaden, Germany

Abstract: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in combination with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) has been the standard method for the detection and analysis of gunshot residues (GSR) for almost three decades. The ASTM E1588 Standard Practice for “Gunshot Residue Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry” describes the analytical measurement and gives recommendations regarding instrumental setup, sensitivity and matching-criteria for the correct identification of possible GSR particles. This presentation describes a way how to routinely check the sensitivity of the SEM/EDS system and to document the performance in quality charts – as required in ISO 17025.

In contrast to most of the US crime labs, where shooting distance investigation is performed by the firearms unit, in the EU these methods are often employed by the trace evidence units as well. This is mostly done by applying a chemographic color test for the visualization of GSR patterns. This presentation will describe a recently introduced and validated, non-distructive method for the muzzle-to-target distance estimation based on XRF elemental mapping measurements. Additionally a recently introduced novel proficiency test on the Forensic Determination of Shooting Distances will be presented. This proficiency test was developed within the framework of the ENFSI Expert Working Group Firearms/GSR. It assesses not only the expert’s knowledge in estimating a muzzle-to-target distance in question, but it also allows an assessment of the quality of the colorization process established in the laboratory´s SOP.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Have an overview of the current approach to detect and identify GSR by SEM/EDX and the related ASTM standard E1588. 2. Have obtained basic knowledge on methods for the visualization and interpretation of GSR pattern for shooting distance estimation. 3. Have information of the development of proficiency test samples for GSR investigations and their benefit in quality assurance. ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Friday – July 31st, 2020 9:40am EST – 9:55am EST 1:40pm GMT – 1:55pm GMT Automated Gunshot Residue Analysis on a desktop SEM Rogier Miltenburg, Applications and Product Specialist Phenom Desktop SEM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eindhoven, NL

Abstract: Scanning electron microscopes in forensic and crime laboratories play many roles, including gunshot residue analysis (GSR) used to determine the chemistry of particles collected from firearm suspects. These analyses frequently run for several hours and prevent other SEM uses. The ideal solution is a dedicated and cost-effective desktop SEM for GSR analysis that can run by itself, such as the Thermo Scientific Phenom Perception GSR Desktop SEM.

In this talk we will focus on software workflow used and how an automated analysis is set up according to the ASTM standard guidelines. The webinar covers the accuracy of the instrument and outlines the critical requirements for an effective SEM for gunshot residue analysis.

We will also show how a user can collect results from up to 30 samples in a defined recipe, scan each sample frame-by-frame, measure particle morphology at high magnification and examine each particle to classify via EDS. Furthermore, we review an important step in revisiting the sample to confirm the chemistry of the GSR particle. Afterwards, the user generates a report to be presented as solid evidence. Maximum efficiency with minimal effort.

Detailed Learning Objectives: a) Have learned how to automatically collect gunshot residue evidence on a desktop SEM b) Understand the importance of a high brightness electron source designed for long life and stability c) Be able to make a strong case for a dedicated desktop SEM for GSR in your laboratory

Find out more at thermofisher.com/phenom-gsr For current certifications, visit thermofisher.com/certifications. © 2020 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries unless otherwise specified. DS0324-EN-12-2019 ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Friday – July 31st, 2020 9:55am EST – 10:35am EST 1:55pm GMT – 2:35pm GMT Vibrational Spectroscopy of Gunshot Residue Igor Lednev, PhD, University of Albany, NY USA

Abstract: The presentation will describe the development of a novel and alternative method for gunshot residue (GSR) detection and analysis. Vibrational Spectroscopy including Raman spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy have numerous applications in forensic chemistry. Vibrational spectroscopy is known for its selectivity and can provide confirmatory class identification of various materials. The technique is non-destructive, rapid and requires little or no sample preparation. Furthermore, portable Raman and ATR FTIR spectrometers are readily available, allowing for crime scene accessibility. Vibrational spectroscopy offers several advantages over the current methodology for GSR analysis. Both Raman spectroscopy and ATR FTIR have been shown to detect components from both the organic and inorganic constituents of GSR on adhesive tape. This is contrary to current GSR elemental analysis methods which rely solely on the detection of the heavy metals (lead, barium and antimony) in inorganic GSR.

Raman micro-spectroscopy combined with advanced statistics allowed for differentiating individual GSR particles originating from two different caliber (0.38 inch and 9 mm) ammunition. The technique has the potential to provide a strong chemical and statistical link between GSR samples and specific type of ammunition or ammunition manufacturer. A potential false positives for Raman spectroscopic identification of GSR due to environmental contamination has been tested and will be discussed.

ATR-FTIR spectra were collected for individual GSR particles originating from three different ammunitions (0.38 inch, 0.40 inch and 9 mm calibers). Successful assignment of individual particles to the specific ammunition was achieved indicating a great potential of ATR FTIR for GSR detection and analysis. We found that high quality FTIR spectra could be collected from all particles regardless of their color and fluorescence properties in contrast to Raman spectroscopic analysis of GSR, which has limitations in the case of strong fluorescence interference.

The advantages and limitations of Raman and ATR FTIR spectroscopic mapping of adhesive tapes for the detection and identification of GSR particles will be discussed. A new two-step method for the detection and identification of organic GSR (OGSR) was also developed. This method utilizes highly sensitive fluorescence hyperspectral imaging of a sample area to detect potential GSR particles followed by confirmatory identification of the detected particles using Raman microspectroscopy.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Get a brief introduction to the basics of vibrational spectroscopy including Raman spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared (ATR FT-IR). 2. Learn about the potential of vibrational spectroscopy for the identification and analysis of gunshot residue (GSR) 3. Learn about a new two-step method for the detection and identification of organic GSR based on highly sensitive fluorescence hyperspectral imaging followed by confirmatory identification of the detected particles using Raman microspectroscopy. ABSTRACTS &

LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Friday – July 31st, 2020 10:35am EST – 10:50am EST 2:35pm GMT – 2:50pm GMT Scanning Electron Microscopy of Gunshot Residue (sponsored) William K. Podrazky, Applications Engineer, Hitachi High-Tech America, Inc., Nanotechnology Systems Division, Clarksburg, MD USA

Abstract: When firearms are discharged, particulates are expended from more than the barrel alone. These particulates have chemical signatures and physical characteristics unique to where they came from during the firearm’s discharging. The study of these particulates and the ability to identify which came from the primer of the projectile itself is the primary motive for performing GSR analysis.

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) utilizes an electron beam to generate a variety of signals, such as secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, and characteristic x-rays, from material samples. Separating and detecting these signals provides crucial information relevant to cases involving GSR.

Improvements to the electron source, electromagnetic lens system, software, and detector designs and efficiency, enable dynamic automated observation and analysis of small and large groups of samples alike, faster than ever before.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. Understand how an SEM generates various signals from sample materials 2. Understand which signals generated from material samples are relevant to GSR and why 3. Understand the workflow for performing GSR analysis in an SEM Stop looking at the usual suspects for your forensics work... Let Hitachi solve your analytical needs

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS 10:50am EST – 11:30am EST 2:50pm GMT – 3:30pm GMT Development of a Versatile IGSR Microparticle Standard Luis Arroyo, PhD & Tatiana Trejos, PhD, West Virginia University, Dept. of Forensic & Investigative Science, WV USA

Abstract: The forensic analysis of gunshot residues (GSR) involves analytical measurements from samples taken from skin and other substrates. Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) is the most widely used method to identify GSR due to its capability to conduct single particle analysis and evaluate the spheroid morphology and chemical composition. Regardless of its reliability, the introduction of green ammunition (heavy metal-free, HMF) and the complex mechanisms of transfer and persistence bring some challenges to the interpretation of GSR evidence. Moreover, unlike other forensic disciplines, screening techniques are not available to facilitate fast decision-making during the investigations. As a result, emerging methods of analysis have been proposed by several groups to provide complementary information and speed of analysis. However, the current deficit on standard reference materials limits the optimization of SEM-EDS for modern ammunition and the implementation of novel analytical techniques. This study aims to enhance existing capabilities by producing tailor-made standard microparticle materials that can be used for the quality control of GSR analysis, validation of methods, interlaboratory testing, and systematic transfer and persistence studies.

There are currently three commercially available GSR standards manufactured by Ted Pella, Agar Scientific, and The European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI). The three standards are pretty similar, consisting of either carbon or silicon substrate coated with layers Pb, Ba, and Sb containing compounds to create a multilayer substance that mimics characteristic GSR particles. The particles themselves are then developed either during an etching or precipitation process to create distinctive spherical morphology. The controlled process allows for particle count and size to be controlled for each standard. While these materials accomplish all requirements of a standard, including suitable lifetime, they are only focused on standard primer residues, which are synthetic in nature, and don’t provide options for modern or non-toxic compositions. Additionally, none of the available standards are consumable, limiting its use to SEM/EDS.

This presentation aims to show the development and characterization of a tailor-made QC-µIGSR standard to support quality metrics in GSR analysis. We developed reference standards of authentic inorganic GSR particles that are suitable for both standard and HMF primer compositions. Additionally, the standard can be used in both solutions and dried forms, allowing multiple uses in research and casework settings. A single stock can produce up to five thousand individual standards, facilitating its distribution of interlaboratory studies. Examples of the applications of IQC-µGSR for QC assessment, method validation, and interpretation of evidence will be discussed here. Three analytical techniques were used to characterize the elemental composition, and particle morphology of the IQC-µGSR standard—SEM-EDS, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Also, the stability of the standards was evaluated for 24 weeks. Finally, the use of the standards for the development, optimization, and validation of two emerging screening methods, LIBS and Electrochemistry Sensors, is described. The research findings are anticipated to assist the forensic community by providing authentic GSR standards that can strengthen research, expand access to new detection techniques, and enhance laboratories’ cross-validation and quality assurance.

Detailed Learning Objectives: 1) Understand challenges faced in the forensic analysis and interpretation of gunshot residues and how emerging standard materials and technologies can provide viable solutions. 2) Assess the feasibility of a novel authentic IGSR standard material for quality assurance and interlaboratory validation. 3) Recognize the main capabilities and limitation of electrochemistry and LIBS as complementary fast screening methods. PRESENTER

BIOGRAPHIES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Tatiana Trejos, PhD Scientific Program Chair Assistant Professor of the Department of Forensic and Investigative Sciences at West Virginia University

Dr. Tatiana Trejos is an Assistant Professor of the Department of Forensic and Investigative Sciences at West Virginia University. Dr. Trejos teaches forensic chemistry and research design courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Dr. Trejos’ primary research interest includes the application of chemometrics to evidence interpretation and the discovery of chemical signatures of forensic materials by spectroscopic methods, such as SEM-EDS, ICP-MS, Laser Ablation ICP-MS, u-XRF, and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Dr. Trejos’ recent research focuses on the analysis of trace evidence materials, inks, and gunshot residues. Tatiana Trejos has authored over 35 peer-reviewed scientific publications and book chapters in the field of forensic chemistry and has presented over 140 oral presentations and posters at scientific meetings worldwide. Dr. Trejos is the recipient of the prestigious science and technology award “Clodomiro Picado Twight” from the Costa Rican National Academy of Sciences (2015) and was listed on the Forensics Colleges’ top 10 forensic chemistry professors. Tatiana has contributed to different scientific working groups, including the EU-funded NITECRIME group, the NIJ-funded Elemental Analysis Working Group (EAGW), and the NIJ-funded Glass Interpretation Working Group. One of the most relevant achievements of these professional groups is the development of technically sound and consensus- based standards to improve forensic practice (e.g., American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) standard methods). Tatiana was appointed by NIST to serve as a member of the Materials (Trace) Subcommittee within the Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC), where she currently serves as chair of the Glass Task Group, and member of the Interpretation, Research, and Physical Fit Groups. PRESENTER

BIOGRAPHIES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Dr. Gerard van der Peijl Scientific Program Co-Chair Senior Forensic Scientist, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands

Dr. Gerard van der Peijl is a senior forensic scientist at the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI) where he investigated a wide range of materials (drugs, arson accelerants, paint, glass, tape, ...). He also made environmental and wildlife forensics investigations. Van der Peijl has been project leader for various projects, a.o. the forensic application of (LA-)ICPMS and (GC-)IRMS, the use of isotopes to geographically provenance human remains (IDIS) and the development of complex chemical tracers and markers for the Dutch National Police. His interest is in developing combinations of highly discriminating techniques to be able to provide strong links between forensic exhibits.

Gerard van der Peijl is one of the founding members of the Paint and glass group of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) and the EU NITECRIME project. As scientific secretary of an ENFSI project (on request of the Russian Ministry of Justice) he participated in an international validation of forensic methods for platinum intermediate products. Van der Peijl is a member of the Steering Group of the Forensic Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (FIRMS) Network. More recently one of his tasks is to lead multidisciplinary forensic teams in complex investigations and integrate the combined results of these investigations into a single report, if possible at activity level. Bayesian networks are used to scientifically combine (partly) dependent results.

Van der Peijl, on invitation, gave plenary lectures on Advances in Forensic Science at the 1st International Symposium on Forensic Theory and Practice in Shanghai, China (2011), and at the 1st symposium of Korean Forensic Sciences Association, Seoul, South Korea (2013). Van der Peijl co-chaired the ENFSI2012 theme Progress in Forensic Science and Innovative Technology. On invitation he also participated in a 2013 US NSF workshop to discuss forensic science R&D programs. Presently he is a member of the Advisory Board of the Danish SoilTracker project in which new forensic methods are being developed for the investigation of soil traces. PRESENTER

BIOGRAPHIES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Sébastien Charles, Dr. Sc. Gunshot Residue Expert, Head of the Section Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, Brussels, Belgium

Sébastien CHARLES obtained in 2001 a PhD in chemistry at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium. He then worked six years at Solvay (chemical company) in the Analysis department, mainly for the examination of materials with scanning electron microscopes. In 2006, he joined the National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, based in Brussels, Belgium. He works there as a gunshot residue expert; since 2015, he also shares his time in the management of the Analytical Chemistry section..

Tim Prusnick Tim Prusnick, US Sales Manager, Renishaw Inc Spectroscopy Products Division

Tim Prusnick has over 25 years’ experience in industry and academia working with Raman spectroscopy instrumentation. He exhibits a strong background in all aspects of Raman, including the fundamental science, applications, instrumentation, and custom product solutions. He enjoys public speaking, especially if there is a marker board and a group of people who want to learn about Raman spectroscopy. He currently manages sales of Renishaw’s range of Raman spectrometers in the US market.. PRESENTER

BIOGRAPHIES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Drs. Jan A de Koeijer Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands

Jan de Koeijer has a master’s degree in analytical chemistry obtained from the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands. He was an expert in the area of technical document examination and glass examination at the Netherlands Forensic Institute from 1992 till 2011. He then transferred to the Interdisciplinary Forensic Investigation section. Here he became leader of a team of forensic experts reporting the combined value of Interdisciplinary evidence in major crimes.

Jan and his team are active in developing methodology for combining evidence, often at activity level, in interdisciplinary cases based both on logical reasoning within the Bayesian framework as well as the use of Bayesian Networks for more complex problems.

Edward “Chip“ Pollock Laboratory Director Sacramento County District Attorney’s Office, Laboratory of Forensic Services, USA

Edward “Chip” Pollock has over 25 years of experience in forensic science and has been the Laboratory Director of the Sacramento County District Attorney’s Office Laboratory of Forensic Services since 2016. His areas of expertise include the analyses of trace evidence including glass, fibers/textiles, paints/polymers, fire debris, general physical and chemical analysis, forensic microscopy, bloodstain pattern interpretation, controlled substances/clandestine laboratory analysis, forensic toxicology/forensic alcohol, crime scene processing and reconstruction. Mr. Pollock has testified as an expert witness over 500 times in multiple Superior Courts in California and in U.S. District Court in the Western and Eastern District of California. Mr. Pollock serves as a member of the Chemistry / Instrumental Analysis Scientific Area Committee (SAC) – Materials (Trace) Subcommittee within the Organization of Scientific Area Committee (OSAC). Mr. Pollock is certified as a Fellow in General Criminalistics from the American Board of Criminalistics. PRESENTER

BIOGRAPHIES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Dr. Peter D. Zoon Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands

Dr. Peter Zoon is a senior forensic scientist at the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI). He works in the Microtraces & Materials team, which is part of the division of chemical and physical traces. Peter is currently the subject matter lead for forensic glass analysis.

His work involves forensic casework and research & development in the broader field of microtraces & materials. Forensic casework is split between microtrace analysis of metal particulates embedded in bone, material analysis of many different types of materials and forensic glass analysis. The analysis of metal particulates in invasive traumas is carried out in a multidisciplinary team that also consists of forensic pathologists, anthropologists and toolmark examiners. They all work together to determine the manner of death. Typical analysis techniques used are: optical light microscopy, SEM/EDX, XRF, FTIR and LA-ICPMS.

Aaron Hineman Inorganic Product Line Leader, PerkinElmer

Aaron Hineman is currently the Inorganic Product Line Leader for the Americas. Prior to this position he was a Senior Field Application Scientist with PerkinElmer. Aaron has a strong background in inorganic analytical chemistry including demonstrated hands-on expertise in state of the art ICP-MS and ICP-OES instrumentation, hyphenated speciation using chromatography coupled to ICP-MS, working in 21 CFR Part 11 compliant laboratories for elemental impurity analysis, and various microwave, acid and fusion sample preparation techniques. Prior to joining PerkinElmer he spent 10 years in environmental and geochemical laboratories developing analytical methodology and laboratory systems.

Jose Almirall, PhD Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University

José R. Almirall is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Director of the National Science Foundation-funded Center for Advanced Research in Forensic Science (CARFS). Professor Almirall has authored one book and ~ 145 peer-reviewed scientific publications in the fields of analytical and forensic chemistry (h-index ~ 44). Dr. Almirall has developed 5 ASTM methods and chairs the Chemistry Scientific Area Committee (SAC) of the NIST-funded OSAC). Prof. Almirall is the co-Editor-in- Chief of Forensic Chemistry, an Elsevier journal. PRESENTER

BIOGRAPHIES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Dr. Steve Shuttleworth Vice President of Global Sales, Applied Spectra, INC, CA, USA

Dr. Steve Shuttleworth is Vice President of Global Sales at Applied Spectra. He has 20+ years of experience in global sales and business development in laser ablation and scientific instrumentation industries. Dr. Shuttleworth earned his MBA from Kaplan University in 2010, received his PhD (1995) and BSc (1989) in Chemistry from Manchester University in the UK. He has over 100 contributed peer reviewed papers, posters, and patents in the field of analytical chemistry.

Diana M. Wright, PhD, F-ABC Chemistry Unit, FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA, USA

Diana Wright is the technical leader for the paint and polymer discipline in the FBI Lab, the current Chair of the Materials (Trace) subcommittee of OSAC, and a member of ASTM’s E30 section where she is the technical contact for the polymer standards under development or revision within OSAC. She has authored publications on PDQ in casework, is a fellow of the AAFS, a member of MAFS, and of ASTEE, from which she received the Edmond Locard Award for Excellence in Trace Evidence in 2017.

Dr. Ryan Smith Sr. Field Applications Scientist, PerkinElmer Inc.

Dr. Ryan Smith is a Field Applications Scientist for PerkinElmer’s infrared spectroscopy products. Previously, Dr. Smith worked for Honeywell UOP, developing analytical methods for real-time measurement of hydrocarbon stream composition. Dr. Smith completed his doctoral work at the University of Iowa with a variety of molecular spectroscopy techniques. His thesis focused on low-level atmospheric measurement of pollutants and complex mixtures using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. PRESENTER

BIOGRAPHIES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS

Andria Mehltretter, M.S., F-ABC, FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA, USA

Andria Mehltretter has specialized in paints and tapes at the FBI Laboratory for 16 years. She has published numerous research studies, particularly pertaining to discrimination capabilities. She is a Paints and Polymers Fellow of ABC, a Fellow of AAFS, a member of ASTEE and the OSAC Materials Subcommittee, including being Chair of the Interpretation task group. Her current interests include significance assessment, interpretation, and report writing for the trace evidence discipline.

Mark Maric, PhD Post Doctoral Associate, National Center for Forensic Science at the University of Central Florida

Dr. Mark Maric was born in Melbourne, Australia. He obtained his BSc in Forensic and Analytical Chemistry and Ph.D. from Curtin University in Western Australia. Dr. Maric moved to the US in 2015 to continue his development and was a postdoctoral associate at the University of Central Florida in the National Center for Forensic Science. He has numerous publications in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated his research at national and international conferences.

Sandra Koch, Ph.D. Senior Research Microscopist at McCrone Associates, IL, USA

Sandra received her PhD in Anthropology at the Pennsylvania State University where she studied the variation in human hair form and microstructure among human populations. She started her career in trace evidence at the FBI Laboratory and worked as a forensic examiner for 15 years prior to returning to graduate school to pursue research. Sandra is active in the forensic community and is the current President of ASTEE, a member of the OSAC materials subgroup and on the ABC board of directors. PRESENTER

BIOGRAPHIES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Kristine Van Natta Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA

Kristine Van Natta is a Strategic Marketing Applications Specialist with over 17 years of analytical chemistry experience, focusing on pharmaceutical research, clinical, and forensic toxicology, with a recent emphasis on designer drugs, SAMHSA and pain management. She received her bachelor’s degree in chemistry from the University of California at San Diego in 1988, and a teaching credential in chemistry in 1992. Previously, she developed/validated GLP-compliant methods at Roche Pharmaceuticals.

Dr. Cedric Neumann Associate Professor of Statistics at the South Dakota State University (SDSU)

Dr. Cedric Neumann is an Associate Professor of Statistics at the South Dakota State University (SDSU). Cedric’s main area of research focuses on the statistical interpretation of forensic evidence, more specifically fingerprint, shoeprint and traces. Cedric served on the Scientific Working Group for Friction Ridge Analysis, Study and Technology (SWGFAST), was a member of the Board of Directors of the International Association for Identification (IAI) and is the statistician for several committees of the NIST- Organisation of Scientific Area Committees (NIST-OSAC).

Gilbert Vial Senior Product Specialist, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, USA

Gilbert Vial is a Senior Product Specialist for the Molecular Spectroscopy product line at Shimadzu Scientific Instruments. He has been with Shimadzu for over 3 years and has a master’s degree in degree in Forensic Science from Stevenson University. PRESENTER

BIOGRAPHIES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Dr. Ludwig H. Niewoehner Gunshot Residue Expert, Senior Forensic Scientist, Head of the section KT23 - Gunshot Traces - at the Forensic Science Institute of the Bundeskriminalamt, Wiesbaden, Germany

Ludwig Niewoehner graduated with a Master´s Degree in Physics and obtained a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at the Technical University of Hanover, Germany in 1991. In 1992 he joined the Forensic Science Institute of the BKA, and in 2002 he was appointed Head of the Section KT23 - Gunshot Traces, responsible for the investigation of gunshot traces including shooting distance determination and GSR analysis by SEM/EDS. His research interests include analytical method validation and development as well as the introduction of new proficiency tests in the field of GSR investigation. Ludwig Niewoehner is (co-) author of more than 40 peer-reviewed papers. He is a member of AFTE, ASTM International and the OSAC sub-committee GSR. Since 1999 he is member of the Steering Committee of the ENFSI Expert Working Group Firearms/GSR.

Rogier Miltenburg Applications and Product Specialist Phenom Desktop SEM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eindhoven, NL

Rogier has a background in biomedical engineering. His goal is to enable forensic labs to quickly provide accurate results by continuously improving GSR analysis by SEM/EDX. To achieve this, he is constantly looking for opportunities to make GSR analysis faster, easier and more reliable than ever.

Professor Igor K. Lednev University at Albany, SUNY, NY USA, State University of New York

Igor Lednev’s research is focused on the development and application of novel laser spectroscopy for forensic purposes and medical diagnostics. He served as an advisory member on the White House Subcommittee for Forensic Science and four editorial boards including that of Elsevier journal Forensic Chemistry. Lednev has co-authored over 230 articles and seven patents including four on the forensic applications of vibrational spectroscopy. He started a company to commercialize this technology. PRESENTER

BIOGRAPHIES QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS William K. Podrazky Applications Engineer, Hitachi High-Tech America, Inc., Nanotechnology Systems Division, Clarksburg, MD USA

William K. Podrazky earned a B.S. in Materials Science & Engineering from Lehigh University. Since then he has worked at Hitachi High-Tech America, Inc. as an Applications Engineer. His primary focus is supporting Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopes and Ion Milling Products and providing synergistic solutions which address all electron imaging and sample preparation requirements for a broad range of applications.

Luis Arroyo, Assistant Professor West Virginia University, Department of Forensic and Investigative Science

Dr. Luis Arroyo is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Forensic and Investigative Science at West Virginia University. Dr. Arroyo’s primary research focuses on the characterization and analysis of emerging drugs of abuse, forensic toxicology, environmental stressors, and gunshot residues. Dr. Arroyo has authored several peer-reviewed scientific publications and has presented over 70 presentations and posters at scientific meetings. The National Institute of Justice has recently funded Dr. Arroyo’s research in Novel Psychoactive Substances and Gunshot Residues. POSTER ABSTRACT QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Combining Evidence in Complex Cases - A Comprehensive Approach to Interdisciplinary Casework Jan de Koeijer, M. Sjerps, P. Vergeer, C. Berger, Netherlands Forensic Institute This poster proposes a practical methodology for combining evidence from different disciplines within the likelihood ratio framework. Evidence schemes introduced in this paper make the process of combining evidence more insightful and intuitive thereby assisting experts in their interdisciplinary evaluation and in explaining this process to the courts.

Reviewing Research Trends - A Scientometric Approach Using Gunshot Residue (GSR) Literature as an Example Catarina Sobreira, Joyce Klu, Christian Cole, Niamh Nic Daéid, Hervé Ménard, Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science Gunshot residue is created whenever a firearm is discharged and is the product of a chainof events that occur at an extremely fast rate. Bibliometrics is a statistical and quantitative method used to analyse publications and visualise networks associated with a body of literature. Significant amount of information is available from web searches and great importance is given to being able to exploit that data, from handling datasets to disseminate information. In this study, a simplified scientometric approach (a subfield of bibliometrics with a focus on analysing the scientific literature) was performed in order to evaluate publication trends in gunshot residue studies and interconnectivity between authors. The aim of this work is to inform how relevant information extracted from a simple web search can be used to create new work based on bibliometric analysis.

Elemental Analysis and Comparisons of Windshield Glass using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy; Interpretation of Data Katelyn Lambert, Anuradha Akmeemana, PhD, Ping Jiang, PhD, Kenneth Jimenez, BS and José Almirall, PhD , Florida International University The aim of this study was to determine the utility of LA-ICP-MS to discriminate glass samples that originated from different sources and associate glass samples known to originate from the same source. Several sample sets from 3 different glass manufacturing plants were analyzed using the ASTMe2927-16a standard test method of analysis. The quantitative data was interrogated using match criteria from ASTMe2927-16a and a novel likelihood ratio calculation to correlate chemical relatedness. POSTER ABSTRACT QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Calculation of Calibrated Likelihood Ratios for Glass Evidence Using a Multivariate Kernel Density Model: Introducing a User-Friendly Graphical User Interface Anuradha Akmeemana, PhD, Ruthmara Corzo, PhD, José Almirall, PhD , Florida International University The aim of this effort is to develop a graphical user interface (GUI) to access an in-house written R code to calculate source likelihood ratios (LRs) in order to improve the interpretation of glass evidence. The GUI presented and the vehicle glass background database used for the LR calculation are freely available and simplify the adoption of reporting LRs in the case of vehicle glass comparisons

Discrimination Between Human and Animal Blood by ATR FT-IR Spectroscopy for Forensic Purposes Ewelina Mistek, Igor K. Lednev, University at Albany, SUNY Confirmation of the human origins of bloodstains is important in practical forensics. Current serological blood tests are destructive and often provide false-positive results. Here, we report on the development of a nondestructive method that could potentially be applied at the scene for differentiation of human and animal blood using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and statistical analysis.

Determining the Time Since Deposition for Menstrual Bloodstains Anna Wójtowicz, Alexis Weber, Lenka Halamkova, Igor K. Lednev, University at Albany This study aims to develop a regression model for determining the time since the deposition of menstrual blood. Three techniques were used to capture changes that occur in the blood’s composition with time: Raman spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Menstrual blood samples were deposited on aluminum covered glass slides and analysed at 11-time points in the first month. The observed spectral changes will be discussed

Assessing the Elemental Homogeneity of Single Source Vehicle Glass by µ-XRF, LIBS, and LA-ICP-MS Claudia Martinez Lopez, Oriana Ovide, BS, Zachary Andrews, BS, Lauryn Alexander, BS, Tatiana Trejos, PhD, West Virginia University; Ruthmara Corzo, PhD, NIST The purpose of this study was to evaluate the homogeneity and error rates obtained from modern ?-XRF and LIBS analyses compared to LA-ICP-MS. Variability of the elemental composition within 100 fragments from a single windshield was evaluated to assess false exclusion rates. When comparing fragments within the same pane, the variability for the majority of elements was lower than 10% RSD for both ?-XRF and LIBS and less than 5% for LA- ICP-MS. POSTER ABSTRACT QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Implementing Hematoxylin into Casework at the North Carolina State Crime Laboratory Lindsey Admire, Melanie Carson, Kristen Crawford, North Carolina State Crime Laboratory Samantha McDonald, East Carolina University When a hair root is sent for DNA analysis, the hair examiner has determined that this hair may provide valuable information to the investigators. However, sending a hair root for DNA analysis is a destructive test and no further information can be obtained from that root if a DNA profile is not developed. The hair examiners in the Trace Evidence Section noticed over the last several years that hair roots being sent for DNA analysis were not yielding DNA profiles as expected. The recent advancements in the Forensic Biology Section’s detection limits prompted the Trace Evidence hair examiners to begin researching whether changes needed to be made to the current hair root removal protocol to increase the likelihood of developing a DNA profile from a hair root. Trace Evidence hair examiners decided to validate the method of hematoxylin staining for use in screening roots in the telogen growth phase for DNA analysis. In this study, over 700 head hairs with telogen roots from approximately 15 living donors were stained with hematoxylin. After DNA analysis, the data showed that the cut-off for the minimum number of nuclei required in order to obtain a potential DNA profile at the North Carolina State Crime Laboratory is 11 or more nuclei. The implementation of hematoxylin staining into casework has resulted in a 26% increase in quantification cut-off pass rate and a 33% reduction in the number of hair roots sent for DNA analysis.

Direct Real Time GCMS Analysis of Explosives using Agilent’s QuickProbe™ Technology Monica Joshi, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, Kirk E. Lokits, Agilent Technologies The analysis of explosives presents several challenges to the analytical process. The target compounds are available only in trace amounts in post combustion scenarios and often in complex matrices. Even in pre combustion scenarios, some explosives are not very stable during analysis leading to low sensitivity and poor chromatographic data. Others suffer from evaporation losses or degradation during storage and analysis. A screening technique that would rapidly provide qualitative identification of trace explosives in a variety of matrices with minimal sample manipulation would be very valuable trace explosives screening. In this poster, we demonstrate a fast new screening technique (run times less than 1 min) from Agilent Technologies, the QuickProbe ™ GC/MS, that requires little to no sample preparation and allows for analysis of solids or liquids. This technique produces “classical EI” spectra allowing GC/MS users the ability to search commercial NIST and or other in house libraries. POSTER ABSTRACT QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Feasibility Study of Spectral Comparison Contrast Methods for the Interpretation of X-ray Fluorescence Spectra of Electrical Tape Backings Evie Brooks, Meghan Prusinowski, Tatiana Trejos, PhD., West Virginia University As electrical tapes are often involved in high-profile crimes, it is critical forensic examiners have access to rapid and highly informative methods. Several studies have shown that elemental analysis can provide valuable lead information during the investigation of a case and the respective comparison of items of interest. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy has recently gained attention as an elemental analysis technique for electrical tape backings, as it offers relevant chemical information and useful classification, with the advantage of being a non-destructive and relatively rapid method of analysis. Traditional methods for identifying spectral differences between known and questioned samples involve spectral overlay comparisons of replicate samples. This method is simple and widely adopted by forensic practitioners. However, comparing spectra by visual methods becomes more challenging with the increased similarity between samples. This study demonstrates the practicality of adopting the spectral contrast angle ratio in the form of a comparison ratio that considers within-source and between-source variances for XRF spectral comparison using widely used resources like Microsoft Excel and R Studio.

Development of a Systematic Method for Textile Physical Fit Comparisons Meghan Prusinowski, Evie Brooks, Zachary Andrews, Tatiana Trejos, PhD., West Virginia University With the prevalence of clothing and other textile materials, fractured textiles are common occurrences at crime scenes such as assaults, hit-and-runs, and homicides. Fractured textiles can be evaluated to determine the origin of the damage, and to assess if there is alignment along fractured items. A 3D alignment of fractured edges is known as a physical fit, which in the trace evidence discipline is considered the highest level of association between two items. A recent survey conducted by the Trace Materials subcommittee of the NIST-OSAC found that textiles were among the most common materials to be submitted for physical fit evaluation. However, there are currently no consensus-based standard protocols for the evaluation of physical fits in textiles. The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic method for assessing textile fractures. To achieve this, first criteria were established for reporting features, followed by the development of a quantitative reporting method. The final step was to evaluate a series of textile fractures to assess the accuracy of the method and the factors that most influence the quality of the fracture. POSTER ABSTRACT QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS The Differentiation of Macroscopically Similar Black Fibers through Characterization of Nylanthrene Dyes using UV-Visible Microspectrophotometry and Thin Layer Chromatography Andra Lewis, Dr. Christopher Palenik, Sam Houston State University Mr. Skip Palenik and Dr. Patrick Buzzini, Microtrace LLC

While microscopical and instrumental analyses can be used to determine the composition of textile fibers recovered in casework, discrimination in the context of comparative examinations is typically valued by examining the color of a fiber. This is just as important when the bulk composition of a fiber is relatively homogenous, as it is with nylon, acrylic and other man-made fibers, as it is when the bulk composition of a fiber is heterogenous, as it is with cotton, wool, and other natural materials. Microspectrophotometry (MSP) is utilized in the forensic examination of trace evidence for the objective evaluation of color which is one of the most important discriminating characteristics of fibers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the various conditions of MSP to characterize and differentiate a reference collection of fourteen black fabric swatches dyed with known concentrations of four nylanthrene dye.

Forensic Paint Analysis with Simultaneous Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) and Raman Microspectroscopy Brooke Kammrath, Eoghan Dillon, Jay Anderson, Curtis Marcott, Mustafa Kansiz, Kaitlin Kruglak, John A. Reffner, University of New Haven This presentation introduces simultaneous O-PTIR & Raman microspectroscopy for paint analysis. O-PTIR uses a visible light probe to measure the photothermal response of the absorption of radiation from a pulsed IR laser focused on the sample. The analysis is fast (~1s), non-contact, non-destructive, has submicron spatial resolution, requires little to no sample preparation, & resulting spectra can be directly compared to transmission IR databases thus enabling its characterization & comparison.

Revisiting the Elemental Analysis of Bullet Lead: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Brooke Kammrath, Lauren Vallee, Peter Valentin, University of New Haven, John A. Reffner, Peter R. De Forest, John Jay College, Chuck Sisson, Applied Spectra Despite the controversy surrounding bullet lead analysis, it has proven scientific merits & utility for resolving specific forensic questions. This research evaluated LIBS for its ability to perform comparative bullet lead analysis. LIBS offers a faster & more economical elemental analysis, which could permit a large bullet lead database to be generated, shared & used to calculate robust statistics. This could potentially initiate a revival for comparative bullet lead analysis. POSTER ABSTRACT QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS On the Effect of Data Fusion Methods for the Classification of Colored Automotive Paint Mixtures Using Visible Microspectrophotometry and Micro Raman Spectroscopy Morgan Carpenter, Patrick Buzzini, Ph.D., Sam Houston State University In this study, the interest is in exploring if the way to combine high dimensional data collected from automotive paint samples of known binary pigments compositions and proportions, using two different analytical techniques, impacts the classification accuracy of a classical chemometric method. The question arises because repeated measurements with both methods are not taken on the same area of the specimen simultaneously. Hence, it is hypothesized that a sequential data acquisition process constitutes a source of variation due to the heterogeneity of automotive paint.

Utility of Infrared Imaging in Predicting Shooting Distance Bayram Yuksel, Mandy Ho, Oriana Ovide, Courtney Vander Pyl, and Tatiana Trejos, Giresum University The objective of this research was to evaluate the utility of the infrared (IR) camera as an operative tool for detecting physical features such as soot and firearm discharge residues (FDR) around the entrance hole, to support assessment of the shooting distances on bloody, dark and patterned samples. Full version of this study available at https//doi. org//10.5336/forensic.2019-64837.

Quick Spectrochemical Methods for Detecting Gunshot Residues on Crime Scene Samples Courtney Vander Pyl, Oriana Ovide, Colby Ott, Luis Arroyo, PhD, Tatiana Trejos, PhD, West Virginia University Gunshot residues left on targets and surrounding surfaces can reveal clues about how the events developed. Access to quick and reliable screening methods can help with more comprehensive case management and decision-making at the crime scene and laboratories. Our group has recently reported the utility of LIBS for GSR detection on hands. This study expands the scope and evaluates the feasibility and versatility of LIBS for shooting distance determination, bullet hole identification, and modern ammunition identification. The performance was also compared to GC/MS, ICP/ MS and SEM/EDS. POSTER ABSTRACT QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Assessment of a Practical Screening Approach for the Dual Detection of Inorganic and Organic Gunshot Residue by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry Korina Menking Hoggatt, Colby Ott, Luis Arroyo, PhD, Tatiana Trejos PhD, West Virginia University A rapid approach for the detection of inorganic and organic gunshot residues using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Electrochemistry (EC) is proposed. LIBS provided multi elemental identification for more than ten elements associated with IGSR. Then, on the same stub, EC detected OGSR, including ethylcentralite, nitrocellulose, diphenylamine, and nitro-toluenes, and some IGSR (Pb, Sb, Cu). The d s and 100 non-shooters was evaluated.

Optimization of DART-HRMS Ionization Parameters for Targeted Analytical Screening Jessica Sprague, B.S.; Candice Bridge, Ph.D. University of Central Florida Attendees will learn about the development of protocols for targeted screening using Direct Analysis in Real Time- High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (DART-HRMS). The identity of the analyte drastically impacts the performance of the instrument. Therefore it is necessary to optimize DART-HRMS parameters for specific functional groups, rather than classes of molecules that other screening methods may target.The instrumental parameters of the DART source can affect the sensitivity of analysis for screening. Variable instrument parameters affect the ionization mechanisms at the source by changing the availability and thermochemical energy of both the metastable and analyte species. Molecules that ionize readily in DART atmospheric conditions can dominate the resulting mass spectra, reducing the sensitivity in the analysis of other molecules. Optimization of DART-HRMS parameters will be necessary for any lab attempting to adopt DART-HRMS for screening. The preliminary data in this study notably show that the instrument parameters must be optimized for each compound of interest. Five compounds of evidentiary value were analyzed at varied exit grid voltages. Each compound exhibited different functional groups and thermochemical properties. There were no trends in the resulting DART performance. The results lead to the recommendation that optimization of DART-HRMS must be performed for each specific target, rather than classes of molecules targeted by current screening methods. POSTER ABSTRACT QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS Picking up the Pieces - An Introduction to Paint Chip Analysis by IR Microscopy Ryan Smith, PhD, PerkinElmer Instruments Infrared spectroscopy provides a rapid and non-destructive means for identifying materials or material types, including evidence. Large samples may be analyzed with the FTIR “bench”, while smaller pieces such as paint chips are often better-analyzed with an infrared microscope. Various technologies and sampling techniques exist for analysis, providing investigators with the ability to adjust their approach to obtain the most useful spectral data. An example is shown in which a paint chip is determined to be one of phthalic alkyd resin based on spectral features and a search of a commercially-available spectral library. The paint chip is found to be most-similar to a paint sample taken from a shovel in the possession of a suspect.

An Analysis of Smokeless Powders, Smokeless Powder Residues, and Pyrolysis Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Emily C. Lennert, B.S, Candice Bridge, Ph.D. Following an explosive event, such as the detonation of an improvised explosive device or discharge of a firearm, intact or partially burned smokeless powder particles and burned smokeless powder residues may be recovered. Therefore, to best simulate possible real-world evidence, intact and burned samples were analyzed. Intact smokeless powders (SP) were extracted, smokeless powders were burned and extracted to generate smokeless powder residues (SPR), and standards of common smokeless powder compounds were burned in the presence of nitrocellulose and extracted to generate simulated pyrolysis products. Sørensen – Dice correlation coefficients were calculated between the SP and SPR, as well as the SPR and expected pyrolysis products to determine the similarity in their resulting patterns. UPCOMING EVENTS QUICK LINK TO RECORDINGS

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