2020 Kaulana Mahina (Hawaiian Lunar Calendar) Features the Literal Meaning of Kaulana Mahina Is Position of the Moon

Kaulana2020 Mahina The Hale o Hina for wāhine (women) at the YWCA and Hale Mua for kāne (men) projects were developed from a legislative task force and use the ancient practice of the pu‘uhonua (sanctuary) to “ground” cultural concepts and values into former pa‘ahao (prisoners) of Native Hawaiian descent. With cultural values and beliefs “planted” as part of their self-identity, they are less likely to recidivate, reoffend and return to jail and would ho‘okanaka (become people of worth). These projects used the kaulana mahina (lunar calendar) as a key guide for program and curriculum development. Specific phases of the moon, as well as their cultural significance, are used to disseminate the lessons. The goal was to achieve a holistic balance and well-being of body, mind and spirit. Out of the works of the Hale o Hina, the women’s group at the YWCA had the opportunity to collaborate with the Council on the 2019 Kaulana Mahina (Hawaiian Lunar Calendar). The mo‘olelo (story) of the Hale o Hina as well as stories of Hina (a goddess) and Hawaiian value for each month were “birthed” out of the collaboration. The stories of Hina illustrate the ancient nurturing and strength, values and aloha of wāhine kanaka (Native Hawaiian women) and their roles in culture, ‘ohana (family) and ‘āina (land), which pa‘ahao wāhine (women prisoners) and all wāhine benefit from knowing and following. I have used the 2019 Kaulana Mahina for its mo‘olelo and cultural concepts to teach some of the groups I facilitate (parenting, conflict resolution, domestic violence) and have produced similar kinds of awakening and awareness. Even though the 2019 Kaulana Mahina is pau (finished), its content and information are timeless and I will be using it for a long time to come. I believe that this calendar was meant to be as “fruit” from the Hale o Hina and the women who committed to change by following the ancient practice of following Hina, the moon, the mahina. —Vernon Viernes

Submitted by Vernon Viernes, Queen Lili‘uokalani Trust, www.onipaa.org Lili‘uokalani Trust is a private operating foundation founded in 1909, for the benefit of orphan and destitute children with preference given to Native Hawaiian children. The trust serves approximately 10,000 children annually through direct services and reaches thousands more through collaborations with community partners. The "He Mu Oia" chant is performed with hand motions that symbolize cleansing and preparing for the Makahiki opening ceremonies. This is done in front of the Makahiki Lele (Editor’s Note: The mo‘olelo and values for each month are available online as short videos: (altar) and the Akua Loa and Akua Poko banners. PHOTO: JOSIAH KEKOANUI PATTERSON www.wpcouncil.org/2019-hawaii-lunar-calendar) 2 2 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau JANUARY FEBRUARY

R 07:58 R 08:40 R 09:18 R 09:53 R 10:26 R 10:59 R 11:33 S 00:15 S 01:08 S 02:01 S 19:18 S 20:09 S 20:59 S 21:48 S 22:37 S 23:26 R 12:08 R 12:45 R 13:27 25SAT 26SUN 27MON 28TUE 29WED 30THU 31FRI 1SAT 2SUN 3MON 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau

S 02:57 S 03:55 S 04:54 S 05:52 S 06:47 S 07:39 S 08:27 S 09:12 S 09:55 S 10:37 R 14:14 R 15:06 R 16:05 R 17:07 R 18:13 R 19:19 R 20:23 R 21:26 R 22:28 R 23:29 4TUE 5WED 6THU 7FRI 8SAT 9SUN 10MON 11TUE 12WED 13THU 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Mauli Muku

S 11:20 R 00:29 R 01:29 R 02:28 R 03:25 R 04:19 R 05:09 R 05:55 R 06:37 R 07:16 S 12:04 S 12:50 S 13:39 S 14:31 S 15:24 S 16:19 S 17:12 S 18:05 S 18:53 14FRI 15SAT 16SUN 17MON 18TUE 19WED 20THU 21FRI 22SAT 23SUN 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS Hawaiian Moon Phase Chant and Hand Game

Kamali‘i ‘ike ‘ole i na helu pō Little children who do not know the moon phases Muku nei, Muku, ka malama Muku is here, Muku the dark moon Hilo nei, kau ka Hoaka Hilo is here, followed by Hoaka ‘Eha Ku, ‘Eha ‘Ole Four Ku, Four ‘Ole Huna, Mohalu, Hua, Akua Mele Helu Pō Huna, Mohala, Hua, Akua Hoku, Māhealani, Kulu Hoku, Māhealani, Kulu ‘Ekolu Lā‘au, ekolu ‘Ole, ‘ekolu Kāloa Three Lā‘au, three ‘Ole, three Kāloa Kāne, Lono, Mauli, Pau! Kāne, Lono, Mauli, Done!

To learn the hand movements, search for Mele Helu Pō on YouTube.

Students from Halau Ku Mana Charter School perform the Mele Helu Pō. Halau Ku Mana is located in Maunalaha valley of Makiki. The school seeks to instill Hawaiian values in their students with curricula that support Hawaiian ways of learning. Its vision is to facilitate individual and community healing and empowerment by fostering lifelong learners who think, feel and act in ways that are pono (righteous) and recognize strengths and address challenges as they seek positive, systemic change in their local, regional and global communities. 2 2 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau FEBRUARY MARCH

R 07:52 R 08:26 R 08:59 R 09:32 R 10:06 R 10:42 R 11:21 S 00:46 S 01:41 S 02:38 S 19:43 S 20:31 S 21:20 S 22:09 S 22:59 S 23:51 R 12:04 R 12:53 R 13:47 MON24 25TUE WED26 THU27 28FRI 29SAT SUN1 MON2 TUE3 WED4 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau

S 03:35 S 04:31 S 05:24 S 06:14 S 07:01 S 07:45 S 08:29 S 09:13 S 09:58 S 10:45 R 14:16 R 15:50 R 16:55 R 18:01 R 19:06 R 20:10 R 21:14 R 22:17 R 23:19 5THU 6FRI 7SAT 8SUN 9MON 10TUE 11WED 12THU 13FRI 14SAT 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Mauli Muku

R 00:21 R 01:20 R 02:16 R 03:08 R 03:55 R 04:37 R 05:16 R 05:52 R 06:26 R 07:01 S 11:35 S 12:27 S 13:20 S 14:14 S 15:08 S 16:01 S 16:52 S 17:42 S 18:31 S 19:16 15SUN 16MON 17TUE 18WED 19THU 20FRI 21SAT 22SUN 23MON 24TUE 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS The Native Hawaiian Church uses the Hawaiian lunar calendar At the Waiawa Correctional Facility, on the high ridge of Waiawa in its Makahiki Season of Peace programs at the Halawa and overlooking Pu‘uloa, the moon rises are spectacular in the evening Waiawa Correctional Facilities on O‘ahu. The Church develops skies. The pa‘ahao make every effort to identify the names and to programs that emphasize Hawaiian history, language and culture associate a meaning or tradition related to fishing, planting, the and have positive rehabilitative and restorative attributes for the tides and the rhythms of life. The pa‘ahao also apply the traditional pa‘ahao (inmates) who will one day re-enter the community to meanings and management wisdoms of the lunar cycles to their embrace new life! own passing of time and to the daily process of restoration and End of Makahiki Season of Peace rehabilitation in the prisons. At the end of the Makahiki Season, the pa‘ahao reinterpret rituals and In the prison Makahiki programs, the pa‘ahao learn about the three chants that relate to Lono returning to Kahiki—the gardens and fishing anahulu (period of 10 days) of the Hawaiian lunar month and the grounds are restored and the kapu (ancient Hawaiian code of conduct) names of the 30 moon nights. The Hawaiian lunar calendar created and temples are reinstated. This is a time for them to consider their by the Council and the research and materials of the Polynesian kuleana (responsibility) of feeding themselves and their family and Voyaging Society are important resources. The pa‘ahao learn that providing for the journey of life and the voyage of discovery. each phase of the moon has special significance and meaning and helps the men to feel the connections and rhythms of life as in the days and nights of old. The carved figure of Lono of the Makahiki season (in photo) is removed from the top of the Akua Loa (banner) at the Waiawa Correctional Facility's Makahiki ceremony. The Akua Loa was carried in procession around the island in the days of old.

PHOTO: JOSIAH KEKOANUI PATTERSON

Submitted by Dr. Kahu Kaleo Patterson, Native Hawaiian Church www.hawaiianchurch.wordpress.com The Makahiki Season of Peace programs by the Native Hawaiian Church encourage the development of culture-based programs for the incarcerated in Hawai‘i’s prisons.

(Editor’s Note: Makahiki is the traditional Hawaiian celebration of the harvest and a time of rest and renewal that lasts about four months, usually beginning mid-November (see Welehu). The highlight for most Makahiki-goers was the traditional Hawaiian games like heihei kūkini (racing), mokomoko (boxing), hākōkō (a wrestling style similar to sumo), pūhenehene (a skilled game of deception) and kōnane (a board game most resembling chess). Source: https://apps.ksbe.edu/ kaiwakiloumoku/node/601) 2 22 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau MARCH APRIL

R 07:33 R 08:07 R 08:42 R 09:19 R 10:01 R 10:46 S 00:29 S 01:25 S 02:19 S 03:12 S 20:05 S 20:55 S 21:46 S 22:39 S 23:34 R 11:37 R 12:32 R 13:32 R 14:35 WED25 26THU FRI27 SAT28 29SUN 30MON TUE31 WED1 THU2 FRI3 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau

S 04:01 S 04:48 S 05:33 S 06:17 S 07:01 S 07:46 S 08:34 S 09:24 S 10:17 R 00:08 R 15:38 R 16:43 R 17:47 R 18:52 R 19:56 R 21:01 R 22:05 R 23:08 S 11:12 4SAT 5SUN 6MON 7TUE 8WED 9THU 10FRI 11SAT 12SUN 13MON 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Muku

R 01:03 R 01:53 R 02:37 R 03:17 R 03:54 R 04:28 R 05:01 R 05:34 R 06:07 S 12:08 S 13:03 S 13:57 S 14:48 S 15:39 S 16:28 S 17:16 S 18:05 S 18:54 14TUE 15WED 16THU 17FRI 18SAT 19SUN 20MON 21TUE 22WED 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS We, the women and staff of Ka Hale At the 2018 ‘Aimalama conference (which Ho‘āla Hou No Nā Wāhine (The Home focused on studying Hawaiian practices of Reawakening for Women), a program of and the natural lunar cycles in our lives), Fernhurst YWCA, turn to the mahina (moon) participants shared about a tree sap study. to self-assess and identify our emotions. We When the moon is full, the sap of a tree is at observe which moon phases are present and the top. When there is no moon and during how our emotions relate to them as women. the ho‘ēmi (waning moons) phases, the sap is at the root. The body is primarily water, and Hilo, the new moon, is a time to braid in new women have a natural cycle and are connected things into our life. In Hoaka, we prepare for to each moon phase. the Kū moons—those moons are the time of the upright energy. We get ready, stretch and start to identify our energy needs. Our Emotions and the Mahina Following this are the ‘Ole moons, which is a time of reflection because soon the four full moons (Akua, Hoku, Māhealani and Kulu) will be here and that is a time of high energy, behavior and action. Following the full moons are the Lā‘au moons that signal a time of healing, self-care, rest and the gathering of medicine. ‘Ole moons come again—a time to rest. The Kāloa moons are the time to plan for desires, and all is solidified through ceremonies in the Kū, Kane and Lono periods. Each person is grounded spiritually and ready for the next Hawaiian moon cycle. The last day is Muku (to cut). We cut anything that isn’t serving us well. It could be eating too many desserts or releasing a negative experience. Each individual determines this.

Submitted by Talia Cardines, J. Māhealani Ka‘awa, La Vonne Richardson and Hi‘ilani Shibata, Fernhurst YWCA, www.ywcaoahu.org/fernhurst YWCA O‘ahu has been a place of shelter, safety and hope for women since 1911. Ka Hale Ho‘āla Hou No Nā Wāhine is a community-based furlough program in the Fernhurst facility, dedicated to empowering women to successfully transition from prison back into the community (www.ywcaoahu.org/furlough). 2 22 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau APRIL MAY

R 06:43 R 07:20 R 08:00 R 08:44 R 09:33 R 10:26 S 00:15 S 01:06 S 01:55 S 02:41 S 19:42 S 20:35 S 21:30 S 22:26 S 23:21 R 11:23 R 12:23 R 13:24 R 14:26 THU23 24FRI SAT25 SUN26 27MON 28TUE WED29 THU30 FRI1 SAT2 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau

S 03:25 S 04:08 S 04:50 S 05:34 S 06:20 S 07:10 S 08:02 S 08:58 S 09:56 S 10:53 R 15:28 R 16:31 R 17:34 R 18:39 R 19:44 R 20:49 R 21:52 R 22:51 R 23:45 3SUN 4MON 5TUE 6WED 7THU 8FRI 9SAT 10SUN 11MON 12TUE 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Mauli Muku

R 00:33 R 01:16 R 01:54 R 02:29 R 03:02 R 03:35 R 04:08 R 04:42 R 05:18 R 05:58 S 11:49 S 12:42 S 13:33 S 14:23 S 15:12 S 16:00 S 16:49 S 17:39 S 18:31 S 19:25 13WED 14THU 15FRI 16SAT 17SUN 18MON 19TUE 20WED THU21 FRI22 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS Teaching Preschool Students about the Moon PART 1

In our classroom, we talked daily about what moon phase it was and introduced the basic concepts of waxing and waning. We posted each month’s page from both the Council’s 2019 Kaulana Mahina (Hawaiian Lunar Calendar) and the Hawaiian fishermen’s calendar so that keiki (children) could watch the progression. We discussed how the phase of the moon might affect fishing and farming, and keiki sometimes included the moon in their drawings. What was amazing about introducing the kaulana mahina to our keiki was how much more cognizant they were of the lewa (sky) and how much more apt they were to kilo (observe) not only the mahina but also the ao (clouds) and the manu (birds) while we were outside for piko (protocol) or to play. Taking the learning outside our campus, we took our keiki to the ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center, and ‘Anakala (Uncle) Punawai Rice explained to our keiki about how the moon has a light side and a dark side, how the light side is always facing the sun, and how that figures into how the moon goes through its phases.

Submitted by Kimi Brown, Nā Kula Kamali‘i ‘o Kamehameha ma Keaukaha, Big Island of Hawai‘i, Preschool for children ages 3–4 https://blogs.ksbe.edu/preschool/main

PHOTOS: NĀ KULA KAMALI‘I ‘O KAMEHAMEHA MA KEAUKAHA 2 20 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau MAY JUNE

R 06:42 R 07:29 R 08:22 R 09:18 R 10:17 R 11:17 S 00:39 S 01:23 S 02:04 S 02:45 S 20:21 S 21:17 S 22:12 S 23:05 S 23:54 R 12:18 R 13:18 R 14:18 R 15:19 SAT23 24SUN MON25 TUE26 27WED 28THU FRI29 SAT30 SUN31 MON1 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau

S 03:27 S 04:10 S 04:57 S 05:47 S 06:42 S 07:40 S 08:38 S 09:36 S 10:32 S 11:25 R 16:21 R 17:24 R 18:29 R 19:33 R 20:35 R 21:33 R 22:25 R 23:11 R 23:52 2TUE 3WED 4THU 5FRI 6SAT 7SUN 8MON 9TUE 10WED 11THU 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Muku

R 00:28 R 01:02 R 01:35 R 02:07 R 02:41 R 03:16 R 03:55 R 04:37 R 05:24 S 12:16 S 13:05 S 13:54 S 14:42 S 15:32 S 16:23 S 17:16 S 18:12 S 19:08 12FRI 13SAT 14SUN 15MON 16TUE 17WED 18THU 19FRI 20SAT 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS I have been fishing on Kaua‘i since I was a child, gill netting, throw netting, diving and pole fishing, but not much off of boats. The knowledge I learned from my elders and my own experiences have enabled my productive fishing. I have used the ocean tides and moon phases to dictate when I fish and if I have a successful venture or not. I find it best to fish during the week prior to and during the new moon phase. Akule net harvest. PHOTO: DEAN SENSUI Ulua PHOTO: NOAA Submitted by Myles Emura, Fisherman from Kaua‘i ILLUSTRATION: OLIVER KINNEY 2 20 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau JUNE

R 06:15 R 07:11 R 08:10 R 09:11 R 10:12 R 11:12 S 00:04 S 00:45 S 01:25 S 02:06 S 20:07 S 21:01 S 21:52 S 22:39 S 23:23 R 12:12 R 13:11 R 14:11 R 15:12 SUN21 22MON TUE23 WED24 25THU 26FRI SAT27 SUN28 MON29 TUE30 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau JULY

S 02:50 S 03:38 S 04:29 S 05:25 S 06:23 S 07:22 S 08:19 S 09:14 S 10:07 S 10:57 R 16:14 R 17:17 R 18:19 R 19:19 R 20:13 R 21:03 R 21:46 R 22:26 R 23:02 R 23:35 1WED 2THU 3FRI 4SAT 5SUN 6MON 7TUE 8WED 9THU 10FRI 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Mauli Muku

S 11:46 R 00:06 R 00:39 R 01:13 R 01:50 R 02:30 R 03:15 R 04:06 R 05:01 R 05:59 S 12:35 S 13:24 S 14:14 S 15:06 S 16:00 S 16:56 S 17:53 S 18:50 S 19:46 11SAT 12SUN 13MON 14TUE 15WED 16THU 17FRI 18SAT 19SUN MON20 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS The Hanalei River Heritage Foundation (Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i) uses the wa‘a kaulua (Hawaiian double-hull canoe) as a mobile classroom to teach about reef ecosystems. Traditional fishing practices are not consistently taught by elders and practitioners to Native Hawaiian youth as in the past. Part of the Native islander identity is having a strong bond with ocean resources. Not long ago, fishing was taught as an integral part of growing up on Kaua‘i. Project Wa‘a Kupono: Canoe Restoration & Traditional Ocean Food Systems Torrential rains in April 2018 caused floods that devastated traditional fishing grounds on Kaua‘i. The Foundation used it as a reason for the local Native community to come together to talk story about traditional fishing and repair canoes in order to teach fishing. The group came up with Project Wa‘a Kupono as an appropriate way for the Native community to respond to the natural disaster and threats to the traditional fishing practices and subsistence lifestyle. Hinaia‘ele‘ele is the month in 2019 when the Foundation was makaukau (ready) to start its canoe restoration project. This is a perfect time to teach about fish migration patterns, fishing practices and traditional foods associated with the dry season. According to some kupuna (elders), this is a good time for catching weke (goatfish), moi (Pacific threadfin), uhu (parrot fish), akule (bigeye scad) and he‘e (octopus).

Submitted by Kamealoha Hanohano-Smith, Hanalei River Heritage Foundation and Ka‘imi Hermosura, The Konohiki Restoration Project, www.hanaleiriverheritagefoundation.org

Established in 2009, the Foundation partners with the Native Hawaiian community to increase opportunities for Native youth to learn and study traditional knowledge and environmental stewardship and has served over 1,000 youth since 2009.

Above: Project Wa‘a Kupono participants gather in front of the canoe halau (long house). Once canoes are repaired, the group will sail to traditional open ocean fishing grounds to study environmental stewardship. Left: A Youth Leader instructs students in proper canoe repair and restoration after it was damaged by the April 2018 floods on Kaua‘i. PHOTOS: KAMEALOHA HANOHANO-SMITH Background: A school of weke, or yellow-tailed goatfish (Mulloidichthys flavolineatus). PHOTO: FLICKR/DR. DWANE MEADOWS, NOAA/NMFS/OPR 2 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau JULY

R 07:01 R 08:03 R 09:05 R 10:06 R 11:06 R 12:06 S 00:06 S 00:48 S 01:34 S 02:23 S 20:35 S 21:21 S 22:04 S 22:45 S 23:25 R 13:06 R 14:07 R 15:08 R 16:09 TUE21 22WED THU23 FRI24 25SAT 26SUN MON27 TUE28 WED29 THU30 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau AUGUST

S 03:16 S 04:12 S 05:10 S 06:08 S 07:04 S 07:58 S 08:49 S 09:39 S 10:28 S 11:16 R 17:09 R 18:04 R 18:55 R 19:41 R 20:22 R 20:59 R 21:34 R 22:07 R 22:39 R 23:13 31FRI 1SAT 2SUN 3MON 4TUE 5WED 6THU 7FRI 8SAT 9SUN 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Muku

S 12:05 S 12:56 R 00:24 R 01:07 R 01:54 R 02:47 R 03:44 R 04:45 R 05:47 R 23:47 S 13:49 S 14:43 S 15:39 S 16:36 S 17:31 S 18:23 S 19:14 10MON 11TUE 12WED 13THU 14FRI 15SAT 16SUN 17MON 18TUE 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS PHOTO : FLICKR/CERLIN NG

(family) are are (family) (stories), nā wāhine

ed, her ” 1 (come, come in, welcome)! Please come in come Please in, welcome)! come mai, (come, hele mai Hele (theboth nā wāhine They invited Schools. Kamehameha into it Uluhaimalama. to come to ‘ohana Their women) caretakers this of Uluhaimalama special place. Queen of is one Lili‘uokalani’s special gardens. Kaipo said, ‘Anakala host our arrival Valley, Upon Pauoa to “ the valley out boundaries pointed He and sit.” and beautifully ridges and its sang “Pauoa nā wāhine invited He Liko Ka Lehua.” place). sacred (special, thisto pana wahi during They pō allthe intently listened night)(the as they that learned while Lili‘uokalaniQueen was imprison would supporters and loyal cherished most her in to wrapped them send and flowers gather kept the palace were outside Although goings-on newspaper. than more much her told the newspapers thefrom Queen, also Wāhine Nā learned know. to her wanted captors her there held planting ceremony a very significantflower about had of Hawaiian the Queen The Kingdom 1894. Oct. 11, sit. to invited graced these in they very spaces which were story that was significantto nā wāhine part theOne Queen’s of Lili‘uokalani Queen by inis summed a quote up herself; politically or has been imprisoned, who one of feelings “The has passed who otherwise, a person by can understood be only through the ordeal. 1. Hawaii's Story Hawaii's by Queen Liliuokalani, by Queen Hawaii of (1838–1917). Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1898. Submitted Cardines, Talia by J. Māhealani Ka‘awa, La Vonne Richardson www.ywcaoahu.org/fernhurst YWCA, Fernhurst Shibata, Hi‘ilani and YWCA O‘ahu has been a place safety of shelter, and hope for women since 1911. Ka Hale Ho‘āla Hou No Nā Wāhine is a community-based furlough program in the Fernhurst facility,dedicated empowering to women successfully to transition from prison back the into community (www.ywcaoahu.org/furlough). As soon as ‘Anakala finished mo‘olelo asthe ‘Anakala As soon and then smiled. gasped saw all They of up, beauty the looked theto Māhealani This rose. was as it their introduction moon Hina, goddess. the Hawaiian moon

(a night (call) that they waited for that they for waited (call)

(prisoners). Her cousin, ‘Anakala, dedicated dedicated ‘Anakala, cousin, Her (prisoners).

Onthe night the of Māhealani moon phase rolling hill,” potato (“sweet Ualaka‘a Pu‘u to (inland) makai Top), Round or known as Tantalus commonly Waikīkī to Uluhaimalama to or Valley. in(seaward) Pauoa drivingAs the they kāhea were out, Richardson La Vonne (Auntie) was theircame ‘Anakē in—it has Kaipo Hale. ‘Anakē (Uncle) ‘Anakala cousin, and her on than and advocate support 20 years to more dedicated behalf pa‘ahao of his teaching Hawaiian career to culture as aswell integrating good for all work), the women of Ka Hale Ho‘āla Hou Hou Ka Hale Ho‘āla of the women all for work), good Women) for Reawakening of Home (The Wāhine Nā No rise and a moon watch to prepared YWCA, Fernhurst at mākaukau get (preparedjournal To their and observations. this for and water lanterns their maps, they gathered ready), four of Māhealanithe one The phase is moon adventure. full the Hawaiian of lunar month. moons mauka going if the they time, idea At were they no had Uluhaimalama Gardens: Hope of a Symbol 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau AUGUST

R 06:51 R 07:54 R 08:56 R 09:58 R 10:59 R 12:01 R 13:03 S 00:21 S 01:12 S 02:07 S 19:59 S 20:41 S 21:23 S 22:05 S 22:48 S 23:33 R 14:04 R 15:03 R 15:59 19WED 20THU FRI21 SAT22 23SUN 24MON TUE25 WED26 THU27 FRI28 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau SEPTEMBER

S 03:03 S 04:00 S 04:56 S 05:50 S 06:42 S 07:32 S 08:22 S 09:10 S 09:59 S 10:49 R 16:51 R 17:37 R 18:19 R 18:58 R 19:33 R 20:06 R 20:39 R 21:12 R 21:46 R 22:22 29SAT 30SUN 31MON 1TUE 2WED 3THU 4FRI 5SAT 6SUN 7MON 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Mauli Muku

S 11:40 S 12:33 S 13:28 R 00:34 R 01:28 R 02:27 R 03:28 R 04:32 R 05:35 R 06:38 R 23:01 R 23:45 S 14:23 S 15:17 S 16:10 S 17:00 S 17:47 S 18:32 S 19:16 8TUE 9WED 10THU 11FRI 12SAT 13SUN 14MON 15TUE 16WED 17THU 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS The Hawaiian lunar calendar is one of the best Loko I‘a Observation (Hawaiiann Log Lunar Month): examples of place-based learning. Every district of each (Hawaiian Moon Phase): Date: Malama island compiled knowledge through observation of the Time: Po Mahina natural cycles and seasons of the environment and the Notable Weather Activity: The Hawaiian lunar Wind: Rain: Est. avg size: calendar is one of the best Clouds/Cloud Cover: Other: activities of living organisms within the environment. examples of place based Behavior: Count: learning. Every district of Fauna Activity/Observations: each island compiled Mullet Preferred habitat: Est. avg size: Over time, tried and improved practices were incorporated knowledge through Pua‘Ama (Fingerling) observation of the natural Other: Behavior: to efficiently fish, farm and work with the natural rhythms cycles and seasons of the Count: environment and the Est. avg size: activities of living organisms Preferred habitat: Kahaha (Hand Length) Behavior: within the environment. Other: of the environment in a sustainable manner. Count: Over time, tried and improved practices were Preferred habitat: Est. avg size: incorporated to efficiently ‘Ama‘ama (8 inches) Behavior: fish, farm and work with Other: Count: the natural rhythms of the Loko I‘a Observation Log environment in a sustain- Est. avg size: Preferred habitat: able manner. ‘Anae (12 inches +) Behavior: ‘Ama‘ama (Mugil cephalus) striped mullet Other: Count: This observation log was created so that a This observation log was PHOTO: NATIONAL PARK SERVICE/RYAN HARRY created so that the observer Preferred habitat: Est. avg size: can begin to record and ‘O‘opu Other: Behavior: fishpond observer can begin to record and compare correlating Count: activities with the environment, season, plant, animal Preferred habitat: Est. avg size: compare correlating activities with the and fish activities with the Aholehole lunar phase and the lunar Other: Loko I‘aBehavior: Observation Log month. Learning the Count: environment, season, plant, animal lunar cycle assists us in Preferred habitat: Est. avg size: reconnecting ourselves Puhi Behavior: and fish activities with the lunar phase with our environment. Other: Flora Activity/Observations: Count: Each data log requires the observer to record the date, Preferred habitat: Est.Niu avg size: and the lunar month. Learning the Mosquito Fish time, lunar month and Other: Behavior: Height: lunar phase. Weather Count: Fruit/seed color: Fruit/seed count: lunar cycle assists us in reconnecting activity is also noted to Flower color: Flower count: begin to observe climate Preferred habitat: Est. avg size: and seasonal changes. ‘Opae Leaf fall: Leaf color: Other: Behavior: ourselves with our environment. Growth processes and Count: Other: cycles among the listed Hala Height: animal, fish and plants are Preferred habitat: Est. avg size: pertinent to begin to see the Hapawai/Wı Fruit/seed color: Fruit/seed count: Other: Behavior: Notable Water Activity: correlating activities. Please Flower color: Flower count: Count: note that the observation Height Limu huluhuluwaena (Grateloupia filicina) Leaf fall: Leaf color: ______ft log lists common organisms High/Rising: Preferred habitat: Est. avg size: at Hale O Lono fishpond at Other: PHOTO: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I, BOTANY DEPARTMENT Manu False Kamani Low/Falling: Other: Behavior: Keaukaha in the ahupua‘a ‘Auku‘u: Height: of Waiakea. Each district Count: Fruit/seed color: Fruit/seed count: will have slight to dramatic Salinity(ppt): Flower color: differences. Please make Preferred habitat: Est. avg size: Flower count: Kolea: Water flow: Each data log requires the observer to record the date, adjustments accordingly. Other: Leaf fall:Behavior: Leaf color: Water color: Count: Other: For electronic versions of Naupaka Temperature: time, lunar month and lunar phase. Weather activity this observation log, which Preferred habitat: Est.Height: avg size: Honu pH: can be customized for other Fruit/seed Behavior:color: Fruit/seed count: Other: Dissolved oxygen (O loko i`a, please go to Count: Flower color: Flower count: 2) (mg/L): is also noted to begin to observe climate and seasonal www.ahamoku.org. Carbon dioxide (CO Leaf fall: Leaf color: 2) (mg/L): Preferred habitat: Est. avg size: Phosphorous (PO -3 ‘A‘ama Other: 4 ) (mg/L): changes. Growth processes and cycles among the Other: Milo Behavior: Nitrogen-Ammonia (NH Count: Height: 3) (mg/L): Nitrogen-Nitrate (NO Fruit/seed color: Fruit/seed count: 3) (mg/L): listed animal, fish and plants are pertinent to begin Preferred habitat: Bacteria cultures: Flower color: Other Flower count: Other: Medium (%): Leaf fall: Leaf color: to see the correlating activities. Please note that E. coli colonies (%): Other: La‘ı Coliform colonies (%): the observation log lists common organisms Height: Fruit/seed color: Fruit/seed count: Flower color: Flower count: Other Parameters: at Hale O Lono fishpond at Keaukaha in the Leaf fall: Leaf color: Other: Laukahi ahupua'a (land division, usually from the Height: Fruit/seed color: Fruit/seed count: Flower color: Flower count: mountains to the sea) of Waiakea. Evidence of Possible Leaf fall: Leaf color: Correlations in Growth Other: Processes & Cycles: Each district will have slight to Limu Height: dramatic differences. Please make Fruit/seed color: Fruit/seed count: Flower color: Flower count: adjustments accordingly. Leaf fall: Leaf color: Other: Kupukupu Patch area: Height: Spore presence: Other:

Laua‘e Patch area: Height: Spore presence: Copies of the log can be downloaded at: ‘A‘ama (Grapsus tenuicrustatus) Other:

www.wpcouncil.org/wp-content/ PHOTO: FLICKR/ANITA GOULD uploads/2019/05/Loko-Ia-Observation-log.pdf http://www.wpcouncil.org http://www.ahamoku.org Kōlea (Pluvialis fulva) Pacific Golden Plover PHOTO: FLICKR/CARLA KISHINAMI 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau SEPTEMBER

R 07:42 R 08:46 R 09:50 R 10:54 R 11:57 R 12:58 S 00:03 S 00:58 S 01:55 S 02:51 S 19:59 S 20:42 S 21:28 S 22:17 S 23:09 R 13:56 R 14:49 R 15:37 R 16:20 18FRI 19SAT 20SUN MON21 22TUE 23WED THU24 FRI25 SAT26 SUN27 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau AUGUST OCTOBER

S 03:45 S 04:38 S 05:28 S 06:17 S 07:06 S 07:55 S 08:44 S 09:35 S 10:27 S 11:20 R 16:58 R 17:34 R 18:07 R 18:40 R 19:12 R 19:46 R 20:21 R 20:59 R 21:40 R 22:26 28MON 29TUE 30WED 1THU 2FRI 3SAT 4SUN 5MON 6TUE 7WED 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Muku

S 12:14 S 13:08 R 00:13 R 01:12 R 02:12 R 03:14 R 04:17 R 05:20 R 06:25 R 23:17 S 14:00 S 14:49 S 15:36 S 16:21 S 17:04 S 17:47 S 18:30 8THU 9FRI 10SAT 11SUN 12MON 13TUE 14WED 15THU 16FRI 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS The Fernhurst YWCA leadership and program employees use the 2019 Kaulana Mahina (Hawaiian Lunar Calendar) to become aware of how we’re feeling, understand our emotions and improve our decision-making. It helps us to better accept our feelings and what’s happening inside of us as well as to plan and make sense of what’s going on in our lives. In general, we know that certain moons are good for planting and fishing. When it comes to our feelings, the process is personal and individualized. The calendar empowers each of us to figure out our own interrelationship between our emotions and the moon phases. —Talia, Māhealani, La Vonne and Hi‘ilani Hale o Hina Nā Wāhine U‘i (The Beautiful Women) in the Fernhurst program use the mahina (moon) as a bridge to connect them to nature and as a pathway to the ‘āina (land). Using the 2019 Kaulana Mahina created by the Council and the YWCA, Nā Wāhine U‘i gather to consider the stories of Hina, the Hawaiian moon goddess. Hale o Hina meets one hour per month at the Laniākea YWCA in downtown Honolulu. For na wāhine in this program, this area was not a safe space for them. There are triggers and addictions all around. Meeting at night helps to heal and Hi’ilani Shibata shares the stories of Hina, shift the energy so that downtown is a safe space again. the Hawaiian moon goddess, with the Laniākea is also a historical space that ties them back to women in the Fernhurst program. the Hawaiian Kingdom. Nā wāhine unite in a non-competitive spirit to safely talk about women-driven issues. Hale o Hina provides the same essential support that a traditional Hale Pe‘a did. A Hale Pe‘a was a gathering space for women when they had their monthly menses.

Top right: O Māui ka Lawai’a ‘o Hina ka Malama (Māui the Fisherman, Hina the Moon). ILLUSTRATION: A. R. KUPIHEA 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau OCTOBER

R 07:29 R 08:36 R 09:42 R 10:47 R 11:48 R 12:45 R 13:35 S 00:46 S 01:41 S 02:34 S 19:18 S 20:07 S 20:59 S 21:55 S 22:52 S 23:49 R 14:20 R 15:00 R 15:36 17SAT 18SUN 19MON TUE20 21WED 22THU FRI23 SAT24 SUN25 MON26 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau NOVEMBER

S 03:25 S 04:14 S 05:03 S 05:51 S 06:40 S 07:31 S 08:23 S 09:16 S 10:10 S 11:03 R 16:10 R 16:42 R 17:14 R 17:47 R 18:22 R 18:58 R 19:39 R 20:23 R 21:12 R 22:05 27TUE 28WED 29THU 30FRI 31SAT 1SUN 2MON 3TUE 4WED 5THU 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Muku

S 11:55 S 12:44 R 00:00 R 00:59 R 01:59 R 03:00 R 04:02 R 05:06 R 06:12 R 23:01 R 23:59 S 13:30 S 14:14 S 14:56 S 15:37 S 16:19 S 17:02 S 17:49 6FRI 7SAT 8SUN 9MON 10TUE 11WED 12THU 13FRI 14SAT 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS Na poe kahiko (the people of old Hawai‘i) would track the seasons, months and days by following the varying positions of the rising and setting of the sun, the movement and phases of the moon, and the traveling of the stars across the heavens. This attention to the universe of life that includes the heavens can be seen expressed in the opening lines of “Na ‘Aumakua,” a chant documented by David Malo: Na ‘Aumakua mai ka la hiki a ka la kau, mai ka ho‘oku‘i a ka halawai … To all the ancestors and gods, from the rising to the setting of the sun, from the zenith in the heavens to the horizon … Beginning of the Makahiki Season

of Peace The pōhai (circle) represents the opening pule (prayer) at the opening or closing of the Makahiki Acknowledging the expansive movements of the sun, ceremonies. Makahiki is a time to strengthen the as viewed from earth, and the benevolence petitioned, inner spirit, recenter and focus in the journey of life. this chant is practiced today by many and is chanted The circle reminds all of unity, oneness and harmony. by the pa‘ahao (inmates) in the men’s prisons on PHOTO: KAI MARKELL O‘ahu during the Makahiki season. This chant reminds the men to be mindful and aware of all things, mauka (inland) to makai (seaward) and ‘āina THE MAKAHIKI SEASON is determined each year by astronomical observations (land) to lani (heaven), and to feel and know the using the sun, moon and stars. On the rhythms and harmonies of life. This awareness and island of Hawai‘i, when the Makali‘i mindfulness leads to humility, gratitude and service. (Pleiades) star cluster rises shortly after sunset, usually on November 17, the rising The Hawaiian lunar calendar created by the Council of the following first crescent moon marks is used by the Native Hawaiian Church in the prisons the beginning of the season. to teach the three anahulu (period of 10 days) and On O‘ahu, one account is that Makahiki 30 phases of the lunar month—waxing, full and begins when Makali‘i rises above Pu‘u o waning periods of the moon. Mahuka Heiau, as seen from Ka‘ena Point, or when the star ‘A‘a (Sirius) appears in For pa‘ahao incarcerated in the Waiawa Correctional conjunction with a particular landform high Facility (CF), Halawa CF and Oahu Community on a cliff. Another account will consider Correctional Center (CC) prisons in Hawai‘i and the the first new moon after the Makali‘i is seen from Ka‘ena Point, rising out of Pu‘u Saguaro CC in Arizona, the Hawaiian lunar calendar, o Mahuka Heiau just after sunset—this the summer and winter solstice of the sun and the marks the beginning of Makahiki, the four rising of stars are ancient traditions that are very months of the Hawaiian New Year. important today to encourage and sustain positive These old accounts reflect the keen obser cultural identity development, culture-based healing vation of astronomical movement as a and cultural therapeutic approaches to rehabilitation. common cultural component. At the Halawa Correctional Facility, the kīhei (cloak) is worn at all ceremonies, symbolizing the kūpuna (elders, ancestors). The pa'ahao in the photo wear kihei that were a gift from Submitted by Dr. Kahu Kaleo Patterson, Native Hawaiian Church, www.hawaiianchurch.wordpress.com Princess Abigail Kawananaka while performing one of the The Makahiki Season of Peace programs by the Native Hawaiian Church encourage the development of 12 Hula 'Aiha'a common to the Hawai'i prisons. culture-based programs for the incarcerated in Hawai‘i’s prisons. PHOTO: KAI MARKELL 2020 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau NOVEMBER

R 07:18 R 08:26 R 09:32 R 10:33 R 11:28 R 12:16 R 12:59 S 00:27 S 01:20 S 02:10 S 18:44 S 19:39 S 20:38 S 21:37 S 22:36 S 23:33 R 13:37 R 14:11 R 14:44 15SUN 16MON 17TUE 18WED 19THU 20FRI SAT21 SUN22 MON23 TUE24 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau DECEMBER

S 02:59 S 03:47 S 04:36 S 05:26 S 06:18 S 07:11 S 08:05 S 08:59 S 09:52 S 10:42 R 15:16 R 15:48 R 16:22 R 16:58 R 17:37 R 18:21 R 19:09 R 20:01 R 20:56 R 21:54 25WED 26THU 27FRI 28SAT 29SUN 30MON 1TUE 2WED 3THU 4FRI 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Mauli Muku

S 11:29 S 12:12 S 12:53 R 00:49 R 01:48 R 02:48 R 03:51 R 04:56 R 06:03 R 07:09 R 22:52 R 23:50 S 13:33 S 14:12 S 14:53 S 15:37 S 16:24 S 17:17 S 18:19 5SAT 6SUN 7MON 8TUE 9WED 10THU 11FRI 12SAT 13SUN 14MON 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS Teaching Preschool Students about the Moon PART 2 In our classroom, we’d do the mahina (moon) lesson as a transition from inside to outside. Last year the moon phase chart was up all year and we did the “Mele Helu Pō” (“Hawaiian Moon Phase”) chant daily and the accompanying hand motions. We identified the type of mahina for the day, then I’d read the characteristics of the particular mahina and we’d have a brief discussion.

Submitted by Christie Zimmer, Nā Kula Kamali‘i ‘o Kamehameha ma Keaukaha Big Island of Hawai‘i, Preschool for children ages 3–4, www.blogs.ksbe.edu/ preschool/main

We incorporated the kaulana mahina (lunar calendar) in two ways: (above) the keiki (children) did a sensorial tray activity where they drew a particular mahina, and (right) the class worked with partners to recite the chant. PHOTOS: NĀ KULA KAMALI‘I ‘O KAMEHAMEHA MA KEAUKAHA 2020 2 202 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau DECEMBER

R 08:13 R 09:13 R 10:06 R 10:52 R 11:33 R 12:10 S 00:01 S 00:53 S 01:41 S 02:30 S 19:19 S 20:20 S 21:19 S 22:16 S 23:09 R 12:44 R 13:17 R 13:49 R 14:22 TUE15 16WED THU17 FRI18 19SAT 20SUN MON21 TUE22 WED23 THU24 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau JANUARY

S 03:19 S 04:10 S 05:03 S 05:57 S 06:52 S 07:46 S 08:38 S 09:27 S 10:12 S 10:54 25 R 14:57 26 R 15:35 27 R 16:16 28 R 17:03 29 R 17:54 30 R 18:50 31 R 19:48 1 R 20:47 2 R 21:46 3 R 22:44 FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Muku

S 11:33 S 12:12 R 00:40 R 01:40 R 02:42 R 03:46 R 04:51 R 05:55 R 06:57 R 23:42 S 12:51 S 13:32 S 14:16 S 15:05 S 15:58 S 16:57 S 17:58 4MON 5TUE 6WED 7THU 8FRI 9SAT 10SUN 11MON 12TUE 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS Maunalaha Gardens In early 2016, a kaulana mahina (lunar calendar) was gifted to Maunalaha Gardens. From generations of passed-down knowledge, the kūpuna (elders) there planted and harvested by the moon and still do today. With this calendar, the kūpuna and the women of Ka Hale Ho‘āla Hou No Nā Wāhine (the Home of Reawakening for Women) began deepening their knowledge of each moon phase. They learned that the best time to clear the ‘āina (land) of weeds was during the ‘Ole moons. It was said that the weeds won’t grow back right away. They were also taught to harvest early in the morning when all the mana (power) is reaching to the sky. They were taught the best days to plant, especially on the four full moon days because they draw the plants out of the ground. Nā Wāhine U’i (The Beautiful Women) in Maunalaha Gardens. PHOTO: KALĀ Fernhurst Gardens In the Fernhurst Gardens, the women learn to till the soil at the beginning of their stay. They learn the best time to plant the underground plants such as ‘ōlena (turmeric) and when to observe how the fish behave in the aquaponics system. They learn the difference between growing and harvesting plants deep in the mountain valley of Maunalaha versus at Fernhurst, an urban area surrounded by the effects of too many buildings and cars. The women observe that, when they are tilling soil, it’s time to rest. Certain moon phases were not recommended for planting, and it is on those days that they prune the plants as their ancestors did.

Submitted by Talia Cardines, J. Māhealani Ka‘awa, La Vonne Richardson and Hi‘ilani Shibata, Fernhurst YWCA, www.ywcaoahu.org/fernhurst YWCA O‘ahu has been a place of shelter, safety and hope for women since 1911. Ka Hale Ho‘āla Hou No Nā Wāhine is a community-based furlough program in the Fernhurst facility, dedicated to empowering women to successfully transition from prison back into the community (www.ywcaoahu.org/furlough). 202 Hilo Hoaka Kūkahi Kūlua Kūkolu Kūpau ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olekūkolu ‘Olepau JANUARY

R 07:52 R 08:42 R 09:26 R 10:05 R 10:41 R 11:15 R 11:47 S 00:20 S 01:11 S 02:01 S 19:02 S 20:01 S 20:57 S 21:50 S 22:41 S 23:31 R 12:20 R 12:54 R 13:30 13WED 14THU 15FRI 16SAT 17SUN 18MON 19TUE WED20 THU21 FRI22 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 Huna Mohalu Hua Akua Hoku Māhealani Kulu Lā‘aukūkahi Lā‘aukūlua Lā‘aupau FEBRUARY

S 02:53 S 03:47 S 04:41 S 05:36 S 06:30 S 07:20 S 08:08 S 08:52 S 09:33 S 10:12 R 14:10 R 14:55 R 15:44 R 16:38 R 17:36 R 18:36 R 19:37 R 20:37 R 21:36 R 22:35 23SAT 24SUN 25MON 26TUE 27WED 28THU 29FRI 30SAT 31SUN 1MON 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1 ‘Olekūkahi ‘Olekūlua ‘Olepau Kāloakūkahi Kāloakūlua Kāloapau Kāne Lono Mauli Muku

R 10:51 S 11:32 R 00:35 R 01:37 R 02:41 R 03:44 R 04:45 R 05:42 R 06:33 R 07:19 S 23:34 S 12:14 S 13:00 S 13:51 S 14:46 S 15:45 S 16:46 S 17:46 S 18:44 2TUE 3WED 4THU 5FRI 6SAT 7SUN 8MON 9TUE 10WED 11THU 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 6N6 3 2 1 0 -1

ho‘onui (waxing) poepoe (full moon) www.wpcouncil.org emi (waning) OBSERVATIONS About This Calendar The 2020 Kaulana Mahina (Hawaiian Lunar Calendar) features The literal meaning of kaulana mahina is position of the moon. Hawai‘i Contacts community groups, educators and fishermen who teach or use In the traditional Hawaiian calendar, each malama (month) was Council Vice Chair Edwin Watamura lunar calendars. It was produced by the Western Pacific Regional determined by the 29.5-day cycle of the mahina and divided into Phone: (808) 538-6031 Fishery Management Council and includes an observational space three anahulu. The first period was called ho‘onui (growing bigger), Email: [email protected] for each anahulu (traditional 10-day period) with hopes that others beginning when the first crescent moon was visible to the naked Council Member Michael Goto will take up the practice of using the calendar as well.. eye. The second anahulu was poepoe (round or full). The last Phone: (808) 536-2148 Email: [email protected] anahulu was emi (decreasing). Council Member Suzanne Case Traditionally, nā pō mahina (lunar phases) are used to determine Hawai‘i Department of Land & Natural Resources when specific activities should take place, such as fishing times Phone: (808) 587-0401 Email: [email protected] and spawning times when harvesting of some species was limited. Moon phase and moon month names could vary by Front cover: Hula 'Aiha'a, a low-style dance island and moku (district). This calendar uses the moon phases accompanied with the chant "E Ku Mau Mau," is performed for the Makahiki Opening Ceremony at for O‘ahu listed in the Hawaiian Almanac by Clarice Taylor the Waiawa Correctional Facility. (1995. Honolulu: Mutual Publishing). The tide charts with moon rise and set times were provided by OceanFun Publishing, PHOTO: JOSIAH KEKOANUI PATTERSON NZ. The lunar months, moon phases, and traditional calendar months are given in Hawaiian. Special mahalo to calendar contributors including Talia Cardines, J. Māhealani Ka‘awa and Hi‘ilani Shibata, Fernhurst YWCA; Dr. Kahu Kaleo Patterson, Native Hawaiian Church; Kimi Brown and Christie Zimmer, Nā Kula Kamali‘i ‘o Kamehameha ma Keaukaha; Vernon Viernes, Queen Lili‘uokalani Trust; Myles Emura, Fisherman; Kamealoha Hanohano-Smith, Hanalei River Heritage Foundation; and Ka‘imi Hermosura, The Konohiki Restoration Project. For an electronic version of this calendar, go to www.wpcouncil.org/educational-resources/lunar-calendars. Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council 1164 Bishop Street, Suite 1400 About the Council Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Phone: (808) 522-8220 The Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council has worked with communities in Hawai‘i, American Samoa, Guam Fax: (808) 522-8226 Email: [email protected] and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands since 2006 to produce traditional lunar calendars to promote ecosystem- Web: www.wpcouncil.org based fisheries management, support indigenous fishing and management practices, and enhance community involvement in the Published in the United States by the Western fisheries management decision-making process. In Hawai‘i, the Council strongly supports the traditional ‘aha moku system of natural Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council under NOAA Award NA15NMF4410008. resource management, which recognizes the traditional moku (districts) as a basis for cultural and community consultation, adaptive © 2019, Western Pacific Regional Fishery management, education, general knowledge and a code of conduct. More information and the ‘aha moku system can be found at Management Council www.wpcouncil.org and www.ahamoku.org. If your moku is interested in working with the Council on a future calendar, please send ISBN 978-1-944827-52-6 an email to [email protected].