Index

ABC, 165, 204 ambiguity tolerance, 71 abortion America: To Pray? or Not to Pray? falsehoods about, 5 (Barton), 214 integrative complexity and, 69–70 American Association for the reality gap and, 171–172, 182, 184 Advancement of Science, 87 Roe v. Wade, 136 “American culture war of fact,” 145 selective exposure and, 151 American Enterprise Association, academia 134, 135 expertise gap and, 84–88, 258–259 American Enterprise Institute, 181 Openness to Experience and, American history. See U.S. history 258–259 American Prospect, The, 82 rise of “New Right” and, 141–146 American Psychological Association, See also individual names of academic 59, 183 institutions American Recovery and accuracy motivations, 37 Reinvestment Act, 192, Adams, John Quincy, 204 193–196 adaptation, 123–125 American Revolution, 203–204, adolescence, pseudo-evidence and, 212–213 33–35 Americans for Prosperity, 194 Advanced Pain Centers, 171–172 Americans for Tax Reform, 191 affect, 29, 30–33 American University, 150–151, 257 Agnew, Spiro, 138 Amodio, David, 115 Agreeableness,COPYRIGHTED OCEAN and, 64 “amydala MATERIAL theory” of conservatism, AIDS, political conversion and, 112–116. See also neuropolitics 107–108 anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), Ailes, Roger, 164 111, 113, 115, 116–117 alcohol, political conversion and, anti-Federalists, 215 108–109 argumentative theory of reason, Altemeyer, Robert, 72–73, 101–102, 52–54 159–160 asymmetry thesis, 75–76

311

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authoritarianism morality and in-group bias, 80, authoritarian conservatism, 83–84 defi ned, 102–104 motivated reasoning and, 35–39, 41 authoritarian personality, 71–75 “smart idiots” effect and, 46–49 heuristic reasoning and, 73, 257 See also motivated reasoning rise of “New Right” and, 139–146 “Big Five” personality traits, selective exposure and, 159–160 64–68, 96 Authoritarianism and Polarization in Bipartisan Policy Center, 198 American Politics (Hetherington, “Birthers,” 185 Weiler), 140 Bloom, Paul, 33 “blue” states Bachmann, Michele, 176, 178, 204 personality and, 67 backfi re effect rise of “New Right” and, 145 economics and, 190–193 Boehner, John, 199 measuring ideology and, 245 (See brain also Louisiana State University amygdala, 107 study) evolution and, 30–31, 51 personality and, 44–46 fetal pain and, 172 Bacon, Francis, 38 neuropolitics, 109–110, 111–126 Barker, David, 154, 163, 164 primacy of affect and, 29, 30–33 Barnett Shale, 224 See also motivated reasoning; Bartlett, Bruce neuropolitics on economic conservatism, Brooklyn College, 66 187–189, 190–191, 193, 196, Brown, Lewis H., 134 197, 198, 200–201 Buckley, William F., Jr. political conversion of, 106 God and Man at Yale, 85, 142 Barton, David, 205, 213–215 National Review and, 92 BBC, 165, 166 political conversion and, 106 belief systems rise of “New Right” and, cognitive dissonance and, 26–30, 130–131, 138 155–157 Burke, Edmund, 92, 103 media and rise of “New Right,” Bush, George H. W., 187 145–146 Bush, George W. motivated reasoning and, change and, 92 35–39, 41 economic conservatism and, rise of “New Right” and, 138 187–193, 194–195, 199 See also conservatism; liberalism economic falsehoods and, 6 Believing Brain, The (Shermer), 52 “environmental explanation” Bernanke, Ben, 187, 189, 199–200 and, 8 bias Frum and, 143 of Fox News reporting, 165 motivated reasoning and, 40–41, (See also selective exposure) 44, 45

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political conversion and, 107 U.S. history and misinformation, rise of “New Right” and, 131 205–207 (See also U.S. history) U.S. history and, 210 See also religion by-product, 123–125 Christian Right bystanders, 104–106 Conservapedia and Andrew Schlafl y, 1–3, 13 Caldicott, Helen, 231 Frum on, 143–144 carbon dioxide. See global warming fundamentalism and career choice, expertise gap and, personality, 72 84–88, 258–259 “New Right” and Phyllis Schlafl y, Carney, Dana, 66 133–139 Cato Institute, 141, 187 reality gap and, 182 CBS, 165 rise of, 9–10 cementing, fracking and, 222–223 U.S. history and misinformation, Center for American Progress, 87 205–207 Center on Budget and Policy WallBuilders, 205, 213–215 Priorities, 191 See also religion; U.S. history; centrists, 104–106. See also individual issues independents Churchill, Winston, 70, 71 Chait, Jonathan, 63 Citizens for Tax Justice, 194 Chamberlain, Neville, 70 civil liberties, 107 change climate change. See global warming “change brains,” 36 “ClimateGate,” 130 morality and expertise gap, 85 Clinton, Bill, 163 resistance to, 92, 98–99 closed mindedness. See cognitive character traits, of conservatism, closure 59–61. See also personality closure. See cognitive closure Cheney, Dick, 219–220 CNN, 151, 165, 166, 257 Cheney, Lynne, 209–210 cognition Chernobyl (Soviet Union), cognitive dissonance theory, 26–30, 230, 231 155–157, 241–242 children cognitive load, 107–108 adolescence and pseudo-evidence, cultural cognition model, 96–98 33–35 See also brain politics of, 121–122 cognitive closure, 68–71, 74 same-sex marriage and, 182–185 Columbia University, 66, 141 vaccines and autism, 232–234 Committee on Science, U.S. House chlorofl uorocarbons (CFCs), 131 of Representatives, 129–133 Christianity communism Condorcet on, 22 leftist regimes of, 98–99 separation of church and state, 6, personality and politics, 62 214–215 rise of “New Right” and, 134

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communitarians, 43–44, 49–51 cortex, 114 Condorcet, Marquis de (Marie-Jean- Cosmides, Leda, 31 Antoine-Nicolas Cariat), 19–25, Coulter, Ann, 60–61 26, 37 Council of Economic Advisors, 191 confi rmation bias, 32, 156 “creation science,” 205 confl ict monitoring, 111–112 Critchlow, Donald T., 133, 134 Congressional Budget Offi ce, cultural cognition model, 96–98 192, 193 curiosity. See Openness to Experience Conscientiousness, OCEAN and, 64, 65, 67 Danbury Baptists, 214 consequentialism, 77–79 Dartmouth University, 44–45 Conservapedia, 1–3, 13 Darwin, Charles, 85–86, 205 conservatism, 89–110 Daughters of the American authoritarian, 102–104 Revolution (DAR), 134 Bartlett on “conserving,” 188 “death panels” centrists, independents, and, falsehoods about, 5 104–106 motivated reasoning and, 48 change and, 62–63, 92 reality gap and, 175 compromise and reality, 267–274 selective exposure and, 151 Condorcet and, 24 death penalty, 29 as core political ideology, 14–15 debt ceiling crisis (2011), 196–199 cultural cognition model and, decisiveness, motivated reasoning 96–98 and, 38 defi ned, 11–12, 89–90, 92–93 defensive goals, selective exposure economic vs. social, 95–96 (See also and, 158 economic conservatism) Democratic Party ideology of, 93–96 backfi re effect and, 45–46 leftist regimes and, 98–99 expertise gap and, 87, 259 liberal ideology and, 99–102 selective exposure and global motivated reasoning and, 54 warming, 151 (See also selective political conversion and, 106–110 exposure) reading time and, 254–256 (See also selective exposure and motivated Louisiana State University study) reasoning, 160–162 self-reported, 91 “smart idiots” effect and, 48–49 “team” affi liation and, 263 “Southern Democrats,” 140 See also morality; motivated two-party system and, 97 reasoning; “New Right”; See also liberalism; motivated personality; selective exposure reasoning; reality gap consilience of evidence, 172–174 DeSmogBlog.com, 225 contraception, reality gap and, 184 determinism, 11 conversion, political, 106–110 DeWitt, John L., 211 Cornell University, 223 Dickens, Charles, 28, 32

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disaffecteds, 104–106 empathy, 65 disconfi rmation bias, 32, 53, 59 Engelder, Terry, 221–222, 223 Discovery Institute, 182 Enlightenment Dissent, 210 Condorcet and, 19–25 Ditto, Peter, 78, 79–81, 146, 235–236 values, 207, 267 Dobbs, Michael, 177 Enron, 40–41 DRD4 (gene), 120 “environmental explanation” Drudge Report, 158 ideology and, 7–8, 15 Duke University, 223–224 “nature vs. nurture,” 125–126, 264–266 Eagle Forum, 137 political psychology and, 7–16 economic conservatism, 95–96, reality and, 264–266 187–201 rise of “New Right,” 129–146 American Recovery and (See also Republican Party) Reinvestment Act and, 192, selective exposure and media 193–196 proliferation, 162–164 backfi re effect and, 190–193 Environmental Protection debt ceiling crisis (2011) and, Agency, 225 196–199 epigenetics, 119 falsehoods about economics, 6, 15 epistemic closure, 69 Federal Reserve and, 187, 189, equality, resistance to, 93, 97, 199–200 98–99 ideology and, 189–190 Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), individualists and, 93 135–137 Medicare Part D and, 188, 192 Ethics and Public Policy Center, 86 quantitative easing (QE2) and, Europe, debt problems of 199–200 (2011-2012), 268–269 social conservatism vs., 95–96 evolution supply side economics and, 189, of brain, 30–31, 51 200–201 “creation science,” 205 education level, motivated reasoning falsehoods about science, 7 and, 49–52. See also academia; neuropolitics and, 123–125 schools “Project Steve,” 143 egalitarian-communitarians, 43–44, evolutionary psychology, 97 49–51, 80 expertise Eidelman, Scott, 75–76, 102, expertise gap, 84–88, 258–259 108–109 motivated reasoning and, 42–44 Einstein, Albert, 1–2 rise of “New Right” and, Eisenhower, Dwight, 135, 142 141–146 Ellison, Harlan, 137 extremism, 99–102, 131. See also Emanuel, Kerry, 129–133 Christian Right; ideology; “New Emory University, 39–41 Right”

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“Fact-Checker” (Washington Post), Friedan, Betty, 133, 137 177–179 Friedman, Milton, 189, 200–201 fact checking, 176–179, 271. See also Frum, David, 106, 143–144, 200, 234 reality gap; selective exposure Fukushima Daiichi (Japan), 229, Fairness Doctrine, 162–164 230–231 family, as metaphor, 81–83, 136 fundamental attribution error, 72–73 fear fundamentalism, personality and, 72. neuropolitics and, 116–117 See also Christian Right political conversion and, 107 Federal Communications Galileo, 85–86 Commission (FCC), 162–164 gas drilling. See fracking Federal Reserve, 187, 189, 199–200 Gasland (Fox), 220 Feeney, Tom, 61 gay rights Feldman, Lauren, 150–151, 257 motivated reasoning, 235–236 Festinger, Leon, 26–30, 155 reality gap and, 182–185 “fetal pain” bills, 171–172 Geithner, Timothy, 198–199 First Amendment, 204–206 genetics, neuropolitics and, 117–121, Firth, Colin, 112 123–125 Fisher, Kevin, 224 George Mason University, 87 Flanders, conservatism and, 98 George Washington University, 48 fl owback water, fracking and, Georgia State, 44–45 221–225 Gerber, Alan, 66, 96 “Founding Fathers.” See U.S. history Gingrich, Newt, 131, 178 Fowler, James, 120, 132 Girondists, 21 Fox, Josh, 220 Glaser, Jack, 59–61 Fox, Timothy Davies, 183 global warming Fox News falsehoods about science, 7, 8 fact checking and, 174–176 in Louisiana State University study, on global warming, 257 245, 251–252 motivated reasoning and, 48–49 motivated reasoning and, 49–51 selective exposure and, 147–149, personality and, 74–75 150–158, 162–168 reality gap and, 179–181 fracking rise of “New Right” and, 129–133 claims about, 219–220 selective exposure and, 150–151 consilience of evidence and, 173 “smart idiots” effect and, 47–48 defi ned, 220–223 goalpost shifting, 39–41 research on, 223–227 God and Man at Yale (Buckley), France 85, 142 Age of Reason, 14 Goldberg, Jonah, 94 French Académie des Sciences, 20 Goldwater, Barry, 135 French Revolution, 19–25, 92 “Go-No Go” task, 115–116 Frazer, James George, 21 Goodman, Amy, 231

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Google Scholar, 62 historical method, 207–208 Gore, Al, 87 history, U.S. See U.S. history Gorody, Anthony, 222–223 Hitchens, Christopher, 107 Great Expectations (Dickens), 28, 32 Hofstetter, C. Richard, 163 Green, Kenneth, 181 Holdren, John, 49 Griffi th University (Australia), 31, Holocaust denial, 209 124–125 House of Commons (Britain), 70 Grissom, Thomas, 171–172 Huckabee, Mike, 202–203 Gross, Neil, 86–87, 142, 189, 209 Huntsman, Jon, 4 “Ground Zero Mosque,” selective Hussein, Saddam, 149–150 exposure and, 152 hydraulic fracturing. See fracking groups argumentative theory of reason, Iacoboni, Marco, 113, 115 52–54 Idaho, abortion and, 172 morality and in-group bias, 80, identity-protective cognition, 35 83–84 ideology motivated reasoning and, 35–39, 41 of conservatism, 93–96 “environmental explanation” and, Haidt, Jonathan, 32, 79–81, 85 7–8, 15 Halliburton, 219–220 extremist, 99–102, 131 Hannity, Sean, 164 ideological constraint, 96 Hart, William, 157–162 liberal, 93–96, 99–102 Harvard University, 191 measuring (See Louisiana State Hatch, Orrin, 192 University study) Hatemi, Peter, 118–120 personality and, 61–64 health care rise of “New Right” and, 131, 138 economic conservatism and, (See also “New Right”) 193–196 selective exposure and, 164–167 falsehoods about, 5 “idols of the mind,” 38 motivated reasoning and, 48 Illinois, backfi re effect and, reality gap and, 175 45–46 selective exposure and, 151–152 Imagining the Future: Science and Henry, Patrick, 215 American Democracy “herd immunity,” 234 (Levin), 86 Heritage Foundation, 141, 187 Impostor: How George W. Bush Hetherington, Marc, 72, 103, 140 Bankrupted America and heuristic reasoning, authoritarianism Betrayed the Reagan Legacy and, 73, 257 (Bartlett), 188 Hibbing, John, 114 In Defense of Internment: The Case for Hicks, Josh, 177 “Racial Profi ling” in World War II hierarchical-individuals, 43–44, and the War on Terror (Malkin), 49–51, 80, 97 212

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independents on personality and politics, 59–62, centrists, independents, and, 63, 65, 66, 68 104–106 on resistance to equality, 93 expertise gap and, 87 “smart idiots” effect and, 48 Kahan, Dan, 42–44, 49, 51, 80, 97, individualists 232, 266 economic conservatives as, 93 Kaiser Family Foundation, morality and, 80 151–152, 175 personality and, 43–44, 49–51 Kansas, abortion and, 172 Ingraffea, Anthony, 223 Kazin, Michael, 210 Institute of Medicine (U.S. National Keech, Marian, 27, 155 Academy of Sciences), 233 Kemmelmeier, Markus, 73, 257 insula, 114 Kennedy, Robert F., Jr., 228, 233 integrative complexity (IC), Kenyon, Cecelia, 215 69–71, 100 Kerry, John, 40–41, 87, 231 intelligence, Openness vs., 65 Kessler, Glenn, 177 International Atomic Energy Agency, Keynesian economics, 189, 230–231 200–201 internment camps, 211–212 Klaczynski, Paul, 33–35 Iraq War Kristol, Irving, 106, 117, 138 falsehoods about, 5–6 Krosnick, Jon, 51, 150 morality and, 78–79 Kruglanski, Arie, 59–61, 69, 74, 85 motivated reasoning and, 45–46 Krugman, Paul, 201 selective exposure and, 149–150 Kuklinski, James, 163–164 Iyengar, Shanto, 158, 166 Kull, Steven, 165

Jackson, Lisa, 225 laissez-faire conservatism, 103 Jackson, Robert B., 223–224 Lakoff, George, 36, 81–84 Jacobins (France), 21–25 Lay, Ken, 40–41 Jacobson, Louis, 153 Lederman, Cindy, 183 Japanese Americans, World War II leftist regimes, 98–99 internment of, 211–212 left-wing ideology. See liberalism Jean Nicod Institute (France), 52–54 Legislative Assembly (Revolutionary Jefferson, Thomas, 214–215 France), 21 Jenkins-Smith, Hank, 229 Levin, Yuval, 86 John Birch Society, 130–131 Liars for Jesus (Rodda), 215–216 Jost, John “liberal establishment,” 138 on defensiveness about psychology “liberal hawks,” 107 and politics, 89 liberalism on ideological extremism, 100 change and, 62–63 on ideology, 110 compromise and reality, 267–274 neuropolitics and, 114, 115 Condorcet and, 24

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as core political ideology, 14–15 Martin, Dorothy, 27 ideology and, 93–96, 99–102 Massachusetts Institute of misinformation and, 220, 223, Technology (MIT), 129–133 234–237 mathematical reasoning, 49–51 morality and consequentialism, 78 McCarthy, Jenny, 228, 233 motivated reasoning and, 54 McConnell, Mitch, 191 need for motivating narratives of, McCrae, Robert, 64 272–273 media Openness to Experience “conscious” choices about, correlation, 247–249 (See also 161–162 Louisiana State University “liberal,” 166 study) proliferation of, 162–164 political psychology and, 12–13 reality gap and, 174–176 refuting historical revisionism and, rise of “New Right” and, 216–218 145–146 rise of “New Right” and, 141–146 selective exposure to (See selective See also morality; motivated exposure) reasoning; personality; selective truth and reality, 271 exposure See also individual names of media libertarians, 104–106 outlets Lilla, Mark, 141 MediaMatters, 164 Limbaugh, Rush, 164, 181 Medicare Part D, 188, 192 “Linear No-Threshold Model,” memory retrieval, 31 229–230 Mercier, Hugo, 52–54 Lodge, Milton, 47, 160–162, 254 meta-analysis, defi ned, 59 Louisiana State University study metaphor, morality and, 81–83, 136 about, 241–243 Meyer, Aviva, 177 fi ndings, 247–256, 262 misinformation, 219–237 on Openness to Experience, fracking and, 219–227 241–242, 247–249, 254–259 liberal views and, 220, 223, study design, 242, 243–247 234–237 Lynas, Mark, 231 motivated reasoning and, 235–236 nuclear power and, 227–232 MacInnis, Bo, 150 selective exposure and, 147–149, Madison, James, 215 152–155, 163–164, 167–168 Making Work Pay tax credit, 194 trustworthiness of information male strength, neuropolitics and, sources, 33–35 124–125 U.S. history and, 205–207 Malkin, Michelle, 212 vaccines and autism, 232–234 Mankiw, N. Gregory, 191 See also truth Marcellus Shale, 224 Monbiot, George, 231 markers, 120 Montreal Protocol, 131

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Mooney, Chris National Association for the The Republican Brain, 262 Advancement of Colored People The Republican War on Science, 7, 19, (NAACP), 160 172, 180 National Center for Policy morality, 77–88 Analysis, 188 consequentialism and, 77–79 National Center for Science expertise gap and, 84–88 Education (NCSE), 143 family metaphor and, 81–83, 136 National Endowment for the in-group bias and, 80, 83–84 Humanities, 210 moral intuition and, 79–81 National Institute of Aging, 64 Moral Politics (Lakoff), 81–83 National Institute of Mental motivated reasoning, 26–41, Health, 61 42–55 National Institutes of Health, 64 argumentative theory of reason nationalism, rise of “New Right” and, and, 52–54 134. See also “New Right” backfi re effect and, 44–46 National Organization for Women, beliefs and, 35–39, 41 136–137 cognitive dissonance theory and, National Review, 61, 92, 94 26–30 National Rifl e Association, 160, 177 Condorcet and, 19–25 National Science Foundation, 61 education level and, 49–52 “nature hypothesis,” 125–126, expertise and, 42–44 264–266. See also “environmental extent of research in, 54–55 explanation”; morality; goalpost shifting and, 39–41 personality Italian study on, 261 Nature Neuroscience, 115 misinformation and left, 235–236 NBC, 151, 165 morality and, 77–78 Nebraska, abortion and, 172 Openness to Experience and, neuropolitics 241–242, 249–252 (See also brain anatomy and, 112–116 Louisiana State University (See also brain) study) confl ict monitoring, 111–112 primacy of affect and, 30–33 fear and, 116–117 pseudo-evidence and, 33–35 genetics and, 117–121, 123–125 reality and, 261–277 longitudinal study of children’s reason and, 19–25, 26, 37 politics and, 121–122 rise of “New Right” and, 144 nature vs. nurture, 125–126, selective exposure and, 156, 264–266 160–162 political conversion and, 109–110 “smart idiots” effect and, study of, 122–123 46–49, 252 Neuroticism, OCEAN and, 64 MoveOn.org, 177 “new class,” 138 MSNBC, 151, 257 New Republic, 63

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“New Right” 2010 election and, 152–153 authoritarianism and, 139–146 (See also selective exposure) Phyllis Schlafl y and, 133–139 “Obamacare.” See health care; Patient right-to-left political conversion Protection and Affordable Care and, 129–133 Act (2009) See also Christian Right Occupy Wall Street, 268–269 New York State, fracking and, OCEAN (Openness to Experience, 223–224, 225 Conscientiousness, Extraversion, New York Times, 167, 188, 231 Agreeableness, Neuroticism), 64 New York Times Book Review, 138 Ohio State University, 152 New York Times/CBS poll, 194 “Old Enlightenment reason,” 83–84 New York Times Magazine, 188 Openness to Experience New York University, 59–61, 115. conservatism and ideology, 96 See also Jost, John defi ned, 10, 64–68 9/11 Commission, 45–46 measurement of, 241–242, Nixon, Richard, 140 247–249, 254–259 (See also Nixonland: The Rise of a President Louisiana State University study) and the Fracturing of America morality and expertise gap, 84 (Perlstein), 207 O’Reilly, Bill, 164 Norquist, Grover, 191 North Carolina, backfi re effect and, “Pain Capable Unborn Child 45–46 Protection Act,” 171–172 Northwestern University, 45–46 Paine, Tom, 205, 206 NPR, 150, 165, 166 Paisley, Brad, 217 nuclear power Palin, Sarah, 5, 176, 178, 203–204 consilience of evidence and, 173 Patient Protection and Affordable in Louisiana State University study, Care Act (2009) 245, 249–251 falsehoods about, 5 misinformation and, 227–232 selective exposure and, 151–152 Nyhan, Brendan, 44–45, 48, 190, 266 See also health care Patterson, Charlotte, 183 Obama, Barack Paul, Ron, 197 approval ratings, 105 PBS, 150 “Birthers” and, 185 Pennsylvania economic conservatism and, fracking and, 221–222, 223–224 193–196, 199–200 Three Mile Island, 231 falsehoods about, 5 Pennsylvania State University, on fracking, 225–226 118–120, 221–222, 223 loyalty of liberals and, 270 People’s History of the United States, motivated reasoning and, 48 A (Zinn), 210–212 on nuclear power, 227–228, 231 Perlstein, Rick, 207, 208 2008 election of, 87 Perry, Rick, 187, 194, 199

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personality, 59–76 Proceedings of the National Academy of asymmetry and symmetry theses, Sciences USA, 223 75–76 Program on International Policy authoritarian, 71–75 Attitudes (PIPA) “Big Five” traits and Openness fact checking and, 174–176 to Experience, 64–68 (See also on Iraq War, 149–150 Openness to Experience) on 2010 election, 152–153, 165, character traits of conservatism, 174–175 59–61 “Project Steve,” 143 conservatism and ideology, 96 pseudo-evidence, 33–35 ideology and, 61–64 Psychological Bulletin (American integrative complexity and, Psychological Association), 59 68–71 psychology Openness to Experience, 10 American Psychological persuasion, friendly vs. unfriendly, Association, 59, 183 244–245 evolutionary psychology, 97 Pew Center, 47, 104, 105 Jost on defensiveness about Pew Charitable Trusts, 192 psychology, 89 Phyllis Schlafl y Report, 135 “nature vs. nurture,” 125–126, Pinker, Steven, 123 264–266 “Pinocchios,” 177–179 political psychology, 7–13 Poland, conservatism and, 98 See also brain; cognition; politeness, personality and, 65 groups; motivated reasoning; Political Brain, The (Westen), 40 neuropolitics; personality political conversion Public Policy Polling, 165 neuropolitics and, 106–110 rise of “New Right” and, 129–133 Qaeda, Al, 5–6, 45–46, 149–150 political correctness, 209–210 quantitative easing (QE2), Politically Incorrect Guide to American 199–200 History, The (Woods), 212–213 political neuroscience. See race neuropolitics Japanese internment camps, political psychology, 7–13 211–212 PolitiFact, 147–149, 152–155, morality and consequentialism, 78 176, 195 selective exposure and, 164 polymorphisms, 120 Ramsay, Clay, 153 post-moderns, 104–106 rationalism, 77 Powell, Lewis, 141 rationalizing, 32 Prasad, Monica, 45–46 reading time, conservatism and, President’s Science Advisory 254–256 Committee (PSAC), 135 Reagan, Ronald primacy of affect, 29, 30–33 change and, 92

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economic conservatism and, 187, relativity, theory of, 1–2 200–201 religion “environmental explanation” and, faith-based economics and 7–8 backfi re effect, 190–193 (See also Fairness Doctrine and, 162–164 economic conservatism) rise of “New Right” and, 131 neuropolitics and, 118 U.S. history and, 202–203 “New Right” and, 134, 143–144 Reagonomics (Bartlett), 200–201 selective exposure and, 163 reality gap, 171–186, 261–277 separation of church and state, 6, abortion and, 171–172, 182, 184 214–215 conservativism/liberalism U.S. Constitution on, 204–205 compromise and, 267–274 See also Christian Right consilience of evidence and, Republican Brain, The (Mooney), 262 172–174 Republican Party, 129–146 fact checking and, 176–179 authoritarianism and, 139–146 global warming and, 179–181 backfi re effect and, 45–46 importance of understanding, child-rearing style of, 82 261–264 expertise gap and, 87, 259 “nature hypothesis” and ideology of, 103 “environmental explanation,” political conversion and, 264–266 129–133 same-sex marriage and, 182–185 RINOs (Republicans-in-name- selective exposure and, 174–176 only), 106 See also truth rise of “New Right” in, 133–139 reason selective exposure and global Age of Reason, 14 warming, 151 argumentative theory of reason, selective exposure and motivated 52–54 reasoning, 160–162 Condorcet on, 21–25, 26, 37 “smart idiots” effect and, 48–49 heuristic reasoning, 73, 257 two-party system and, 97 mathematical reasoning, 49–51 See also conservatism; motivated “Old Enlightenment reason,” reasoning; “New Right”; reality 83–84 gap; selective exposure U.S. history and, 207 Republican War on Science, The See also motivated reasoning (Mooney), 7, 19, 172, 180 “red” states Revere, Paul, 203–204 personality and, 67 revisionism, historical, 209–211, rise of “New Right” and, 145 216–218. See also U.S. history selective exposure and, 157 Revolution: Tomorrow Is NOW reductionism, 11 (Schlafl y), 137 Reifl er, Jason, 44–45, 190, 266 right-wing ideology. Rekers, George, 183 See conservatism

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RINOs (Republicans-in-name-only), media proliferation and, 162–164 106 misinformation and, 147–149, Rodda, Chris, 215–216 152–155, 167–168 Roe v. Wade, 136 motivated reasoning and, 156, Romney, Mitt, 181 160–162 reality gap and, 174–176 Salon.com, 196 2010 election and, 152–153, 152– Salvacion, Ferdinand, 171–172 155, 165, 174–175 same-sex marriage, 182–185 self affi rmation, 266 Sammon, Bill, 164 self-esteem, selective exposure and, “Sananda,” 27 159–160 San Diego State University, 163 self-reporting, by conservatives, 91 Schlafl y, Andrew, 1–3, 13 Sell, Aaron, 31, 124–125 Schlafl y, Phyllis, 1, 13, 133–139 separation of church and state, 6, schools 214–215 prayer in, 136, 214 September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks selective exposure and, 156 political conversion and, 107 sex education and reality gap, 184 reality gap and, 185 Schreiber, Darren, 112, 114, 122 selective exposure and, 149–150 science 1792 Convention (France), 21 Condorcet on, 21–25 sex education, reality gap and, 184 denial, 6–7 Shermer, Michael, 52 Eisenhower on, 142 Sides, John, 48 expertise gap and, 84–88, 258–259 Simmons, Solon, 87, 189, 209 need for motivating narratives of, Sketch for a Historical Picture of the 272–273 Progress of the Human Mind nuclear power and, 229 (Condorcet), 21, 24–25 scientifi c literacy, 49–51 skin conductance, 113–114 Scientifi c Revolution, 38, 207–208 slavery, Bachmann on, 204 See also misinformation; motivated “smart idiots” effect reasoning; selective exposure; motivated reasoning and, truth 46–49, 252 Scripps Howard, 185 selective exposure and, 154 Seekers, 27, 155 See also motivated reasoning selective exposure, 15, 147–168 smart meters, 234 cognitive dissonance and, 155–157 Smart Politics (University of early research of, 157–160 Minnesota), 176 global warming and, 150–151 social conservatism, 95–96 “Ground Zero Mosque” and, 152 social mathematics, 20 health care and, 151–152 Social Security, 40–41, 195 ideology and, 164–167 social studies curriculum (Texas), Iraq War and, 149–150 204–205

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sociobiology, 97 falsehoods about, 6 “sophisticates,” selective exposure motivated reasoning and, 45 and, 160–162 Tea Party “Southern Democrats,” 140 economic conservatism and, Southern Illinois University School 193–196 of Medicine, 171–172 economic vs. social conservatism “Southern Strategy,” 140 and, 95 Soviet Union, 134. See also on global warming, 74–75 communism Occupy Wall Street tactics and, Sperber, Dan, 52–54 268–269 spreading activation, 31 personality and, 71–72 Stanford University, 26–30, 51, 150, U.S. history and misinformation, 158, 166 207 State University of New York at Teixeira, Ruy, 87 Stony Brook. See Stony Brook Tetlock, Philip, 70, 74 University Texas Board of Education, 204–205 status quo conservatism, 103 Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, stem cell research A (Festinger), 155 motivated reasoning and, 45 think tanks, 141–146 reality gap and, 184 Thomas, Cal, 61 Stephanopoulos, George, 204 Three Mile Island, 231 Stewart, Jon, 147–149, 153–155 “Threshold Model,” 229 “stimulus bill.” See American “TimeCycle Academy” (Huckabee), Recovery and Reinvestment Act 202–203 Stitka, Linda, 107–108, 108 Tooby, John, 31 Stony Brook University, 32, 47, 156, Toomey, Pat, 198 158–159, 160–162, 242. See also Tosh, John, 206 Lodge, Milton; Taber, Charles Trilling, Lionel, 141 STOP ERA rallies, 136 truth Sulloway, Frank, 59–61 conservativism/liberalism supply side economics, 189, 200–201. compromise and reality, 267–274 See also economic conservatism denial, 3–4 symmetry thesis, 75–76 economic conservatism and, System 1/System 2, 31, 73, 111 187–201 liberalism and misinformation, Taber, Charles, 32, 156, 160–162, 254 219–237 talk radio, 162–164 personality and, 62 Tanenhaus, Sam, 138 reality gap and, 171–186 “tariff walls,” 156 trustworthiness of information taxes sources, 33–35 economic conservatism and, U.S. history and, 202–218 191–196 See also misinformation; reality gap

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“Truther” conspiracy theory, 185 University of Oklahoma, 229 TV News Trust Poll (Public Policy University of Pennsylvania, 52–54, 70 Polling), 165 University of Pittsburgh, 154, 164 twin studies, neuropolitics and, University of Virginia, 32, 79, 183 117–118 U.S. budget defi cit, taxes and, two-party system, ideology and, 97 191–193. See also economic Type 1/Type 2 errors, 52 conservatism U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 141, University College of London, 111 153, 175 University of Alabama, 157–162 U.S. Constitution, 135–137, University of Arkansas, 75–76, 204–206, 213–216 102, 108 U.S. Declaration of Independence, University of British Columbia, 213–216 86–87, 142 U.S. history, 202–218 University of California - Berkeley, American Revolution, 203–204, 36, 59–61, 81–84, 94, 121–122 212–213 University of California - Irvine, 78, Bachmann on slavery, 204 146, 235–236 Declaration of Independence, University of California - Los 213–216 Angeles, 113, 114, 115 falsehoods about, 6, 15 University of California - San Diego, historical method and, 207–208 112, 120, 122, 132 historical revisionism and, University of California - San 209–211 Francisco, 172 Japanese internment camps, University of California - Santa 211–212 Barbara, 31 misinformation about, 205–207 University of Cambridge, 11 Palin’s views on Revere, 203–204 University of Illinois at Chicago, 107 refuting historical revisionism, University of Illinois at Urbana 216–218 Champaign, 163–164 Texas Board of Education on social University of Manitoba, 72–73, studies curriculum, 204–205 159–160 “TimeCycle Academy” (Huckabee) University of Maryland, 59–61, and, 202–203 149–150, 152–153, 174–176. See also individual names of U.S. See also Kruglanski, Arie presidents University of Minnesota, 176 U.S. House of Representatives, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, 129–133. See also individual names 113–114 of representatives University of Nevada - Reno, 73 U.S. National Academy of Sciences, University of North Carolina, 72 129, 233 University of Northern Colorado, U.S. News and World Report, 136 33–35 U.S. Treasury, 196–199

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vaccines and autism, 173, 232–234 “Why We’re Liberal, Why We’re Valla, Lorenzo, 208 Conservative: A Cognitive Vanderbilt University, 72, 103 Theory on the Origins of Vernet, Madame, 25 Ideological Thinking” (Taber, von Hayek, Friedrich, 134 Lodge), 242 von Ranke, Leopold, 208 Wikipedia, 1–3 Wilson, E. O., 97 Wallace, Chris, 147–149 Woods, Thomas E., Jr., 212–213 WallBuilders, 205, 213–215 World Health Organization, Wall Street Journal, 209–210 230–231 Washington Post, 167, 177–179 World War II. See U.S. history Watts, Fraser, 11 weapons of mass destruction (WMD), Yale Project on Climate Change 45–46, 149–150 Communication, 74–75 Weiler, Jonathan, 72, 140 Yale University, 33, 66, 96, 97. See also Weisberg, Deena Skolnick, 33 Gerber, Alan; Kahan, Dan Welch, Robert, 130–131 Yale University Law School, “Welcome to the Future” 42–44, 49 (Paisley), 217 Yonsei University (South Korea), 166 welfare reform, 163 Young, Everett, 16, 71, 125, 242–243 Westen, Drew, 39–41 Young Americans for Freedom, 138 West Virginia, fracking and, 224 Whewell, William, 172 Zinn, Howard, 210–212

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