VOLUME 2 • ISSUE 9 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com Bulletin Market analysis and business intelligence for the space community Assessment of environmental effects for licence application

nder the Space Industry The purpose of the AEE is to tion 11 to create a guidance doc - Act, both enable the regulator to make an ument explaining the AEE pro - Uand vehicle launch assessment as to whether a li - cess. In developing this policy operators will be required to cence can be granted to the ap - the Agency has been engaging CONTENTS apply for a licence, as covered plicant and, if so, what licence extensively with other govern - under Section 11 of the Act. A conditions are appropriate to ment departments and environ- Industry news 2 key aspect to consider as part of use. In an effort to make this as - mental regulators UK wide and l QinetiQ awarded £67m Robust GNS contract the application for a licence is pect of the application not overly will continue to do so. l First Earth observation the submission of an assess- onerous, the requirement to sub - The aim is to align the AEE featuring AI tech ready to launch ment of environmental effects mit an AEE could perhaps be policy with existing environmen - l Innovation grant for evaluation (AEE), which is covered in met using an equivalent assess - tal policy to create both a robust at Shetland Section 11 subsection 4. ment prepared previously in com - and proportionate assessment. l Identifying natural resources pliance with the requirement As part of the development from space imposed under another enact - process, the UK Space Agency l Report casts doubt on ment, or an assessment of envi - is planning to hold a regulatory Sutherland Space Hub construction ronmental effects prepared in marketplace which will give busi - due to rising costs connection with a previous ap - nesses the opportunity to speak l Space mining market expected plication. with some of these environmen - to reach US$2.84bn by 2023 The UK Space Agency is now tal regulators. developing the policy behind Sec - l Full report page 12 Global space industry 6 l Private sector key in driving commercial space exploration

Governments are key customers Space sector investment 10 l Governments are key customers while space ecosystem builds while space ecosystem builds he space economy will re - For the foreseeable future, Legal and regulation 12 quire a self-sufficient government agencies will need l Assessment of environmental Tecosystem that includes to be the biggest clients, and in - effects for licence application must evolve to deal capital, strategic partnerships deed successful companies re - l with emerging challenges and evolving business models. port that, at this stage, govern - The is being pow - ments are critical. Space economy 16 ered not just by government but The startups are going to l Space power will become as by a new crop of startups and need time to develop business important as geopolitical power visionaries. Although en - models that work. Space is l Government commitment to trepreneurs, strategic partner- tremendously complex. It’s going embrace the new space age ships and venture capital have phase of the new space economy to take time for the ecosystem been leading the charge on fund - will require a self-sufficient to develop. ESA invitations to tender 20 ing, the success of this nascent ecosystem. l Full report page 10 UK Space Agency grants 22

THIS ISSUE IN NUMBERS...

$In1ves4tm.e3nt ibn thne Op£por7tun0itibes fnor UK CAG2R o3f th% e global Valu$e o1f thten space U£K S6pa.ce3 Agm ency €2P6riv.a7te m space sector over the space companies space mining market economy within the grants and funding investment funding last 12 months by 2030 to 2023 next 30 years in July in Goonhilly Page 11 Page 18 Page 4 Page 16 Page 22 Page 9 Industry news

QinetiQ awarded £67m First Earth Robust GNS contract featuring A hen the two inetiQ has won a £67m CubeSats that make contract with the Wup the FSSCat QMinistry of Defence mission launch, they will be (MOD) to develop multi- the first to feature the -Sat constellation satellite receivers artificial intelligence (AɸI) under the UK Robust Global technology to demonstrate Navigation System (R-GNS) the potential of AI in space. programme. During -week, ESA’s The programme will deliver director of ɸEarth observation critical capability to provide UK programmes, Josef Defence with accurate and Aschbacher, said: “We see resilient positioning, navigation that there is huge interest in and timing (PNT) which will -Sat and thanks to our underpin the UK’s ability to pɸartners, it is ready to be undertake 24/7 military launched. operations around the world in Defence Minister Anne- resilient secured navigation the most demanding and Marie Trevelyan said: “Whether capabilities is essential to increasingly contested it’s soldiers conducting ensuring that they are able to operational environments. operations in remote operate effectively in The use of multi- environments or fighter jet increasingly challenging constellation, multi-service pilots flying in contested operational environments. We satellite navigation signals, airspace, our armed forces are extremely pleased to be multiple sensors and QinetiQ’s depend on satellite navigation working with MOD, DE&S and advanced processing technology. DSTL to deliver this critical technologies will enable “These state-of-the-art capability. secured navigation ensuring receivers will help to ensure our “This programme will that users and platforms armed forces can defend UK exploit QinetiQ’s advanced (increasingly including interests wherever and technologies and, working autonomous land, maritime, air whenever they are threatened.” collaboratively with our and weapons systems) will be QinetiQ CEO Steve Wadey partners, deliver substantial able to navigate accurately, said: “Ensuring that UK forces operational advantage for UK robustly and safely. have the best and most defence.” Identifying natural resources from space

he Mission and Agile access to diverse the initial barrier to market and Nanosatellite for types and volumes of supporting the growth of the UK TTerrestrial Imagery information depending space sector. Services (MANTIS) satellite on the number of Investing in Industrial could soon be helping contributed Innovation – InCubed – is a energy and mining to the constellation. businesses identify new This will enable programme supporting resources, after the organisations of all innovative projects related to demonstration project was sizes and sectors to Earth Observation, with the awarded co-funding from from Spain will build the high not only leverage their own focus of removing barriers to industry and the UK Space spatial resolution camera, while space infrastructure but also entry of the commercial Agency through its investment Terrabotics from the UK will use benefit from additional datasets marketplace. The UK, jointly with in the ESA’s InCubed its novel data analysis to satisfy and services. Spain, is a lead contributor to programme. the needs of their energy and The InCubed funding will the programme, with the nations UK company Open Cosmos mining customers. help bring the project from having contributed €10 million will provide the design, Open Cosmos envisions this concept to a ‘minimum viable each to the total budget of €35 manufacturing, testing, launch MANTIS satellite to be the first product’ stage, providing and million. UK InCubed funding has and operation of the mission of an aggregated constellation demonstrating the first element been awarded through a process based on a new generation 12U operated by Open Cosmos of the potential satellite of competitive calls for spacecraft platform. Satlantis where customers will have constellation, helping overcome proposals.

2 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com Industry news

observation satellite Innovation grant for evaluation at Shetland I tech ready to launch hile Sutherland Space Hub and “We live in exciting times. The hyperspectral camera WSpaceport The pace at which digital on one of the CubeSats will Cornwall have both been technology is developing collect an enormous number approved as sites for UK coupled with the wealth of of images of Earth. The -Sat space launch operations, satellite information being AI chip will filter the the ɸ and Prestwyck has been Credit: Shetland Space Centre delivered and, indeed, the images so that only usable making a strong argument growing demand for such data are returned. as a further horizontal launch as to how such operations might data, means there are many Mr Aschbacher added: “We location, Shetland has been be best hosted at the Shetland opportunities to make a step fully expect -Sat to be an quietly building its own case a Space Centre. change for the future of important stɸep forward for launch site. Now a project to John MacKenzie, senior Earth observation. Earth observation satellite evaluate the suitability of development manager with HIE, “And, with -Sat – missions.” Shetland as a location to launch said: “This is an ambitious and Europe’s first aɸrtificial rockets using air balloons has innovative project by the SSC. intelligence in space – we are been awareded a £15,000 We are very pleased to be going to do just this.” innovation grant from Highlands providing support for the and Islands Enterprise (HIE). commercial and technical The Shetland Space Centre evaluation and look forward to (SSC) has been working with the findings of this work.” B2Space, a company that offers The SSC’s ambitions do not access to low earth orbit for end there. As we reported in the small and micro satellites. In July February issue of Space Industry it ran a test of a system known Bulletin, SSC believes it can as rockoon, which deploys large provide a rival to Sutherland as air balloons to launch rockets the UK’s vertical launch from the edge of the earth’s . atmosphere. While equator launch The HIE funding will go positions are more desirable, the towards the commercial and UK Space Agency sees value in technical evaluation of using the facilities based in Scotland for system in Shetland. This polar and sun-synchronous includes assessing the current orbits, poplular for many new facilities and development plans satellite constellations planned and providing recommendations over the next ten years. Report casts doubt on Sutherland Space Hub construction due to rising costs

paragraph in a report funds to the project, while with key stakeholders from Audit Scotland, £2.5m will come from the UK including the Scottish Alooking at various Space Agency. Some £5m is Government and the UK projects being undertaken by being sought from the Nuclear Space Agency.” Highlands and Islands Decommissioning Agency In anticipation of the Enterprise (HIE) has raised (NDA). But the NDA is still facility’s construction, the doubts over whether there is considering whether it can UK Space Agency has sufficient funding available to support the development. already awarded grants to two views on the launch site develop the Sutherland Space With indications that the companies that plan to launch proposals at a number of Hub. costs of the project are satellites from Sutherland: meetings over the next two HIE approved £17.3m to increasing highlighted in the Lockheed Martin Space months. The events have been support the project for a vertical Audit Scotland report, and the Systems and Orbex. The latter organised at the Melness launch facility on the A’Mhoine money from the NDA still in has begun establishing a Community Centre on peninsula in the north of question, it is increasingly manufacturing facility in the 2 October and 25 November. Scotland after proposals for the unclear how the project will be area. HIE expects up to ten Members of the public can location were approved by the funded. The report added: “HIE launches a year from the Hub. question the design team and UK Space Agency last July. HIE recognises this project is high In the mean time, the public developers, and comment on the has committed £9.8m of its own risk and is in active discussions has been invited by HIE to share plans before they are finalised.

www.spaceindustrybulletin.com 3 Industry news Space mining market expected to reach US$2.84bn by 2023

new report forecasts MARKET ANTICIPATED TO GROW AT 23% CAGR that the global space Amining market will grow from $0.65bn in 2018 to $2.4bn by 2023, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23.6%. Yet this is still an industry that is very much at the earliest stages of development: a Caltech study put the cost of an asteroid mining mission at $2.6bn, showing how far the market will still need to develop even if it continues at the expected pace of growth through to 2023. The cost is more than double the typical $1bn set-up costs of a terrestrial rare-earth- metal mine, but the attraction is evidenced by the fact that a football-field-sized asteroid could, it is reckoned, contain as much as $50bn of platinium. The space mining market for the spacecraft design phase is expected to grow at the bacteria to extract materials The ‘BioRock’ experiment is – on natural surfaces in space. highest CAGR during the such as iron, calcium and led by the University of The findings could have forecast period. And mining of magnesium from space rocks. Edinburgh, with the European numerous applications on Type M asteroids (metallic These ‘kits’ will now be tested Space Agency and the UK Earth, including the recovery of asteroids made of raw metals aboard the International Space Space Agency, and is funded by metals from ores and the use of such as platinum group Station. the Science and Technology biofilms in industry and metals) is also expected to see Facilities Council, part of UKRI. medicine. high CAGR in the forecast Fundamental insights It is noteworthy that the Leading players in the space period. Professor Charles Cockell, of BioRock experiment is the mining market have been Mining in space could open the University of Edinburgh’s second UK-led experiment to identified as Asteroid Mining up a new frontier in space School of Physics and take place on the International Corporation, Bradford Space exploration by giving astronauts Astronomy, who is leading the Space Station, after the ‘Worms Group, China National Space the resources they need for project, said: “This experiment in Space’ experiment launched Administration, Deep Space long periods in space, whether will give us new fundamental in December 2018, and involves Industries (DSI), ESA, Ispace, on the Moon, Mars or asteroids. insights into the behaviour of researchers from across Jaxa, Kleos Space, Moon A recent project at the microbes in space, their Europe, including Belgium, Express, NASA, Offworld, University of Edinburgh has applications in space Denmark, Germany, the Planetary Resources, Russian seen scientists develop 18 exploration and how they might Netherlands and Italy. Federal Space Agency matchbox sized prototype be used more effectively on The experiment will also (), Shackleton biomining reactors to test how Earth in all the myriad way that study how microbes grow and Energy Company (SEC), low gravity affects the ability of microbes affect our lives.” form layers – known as biofilms SpacefabUs and Transastra

Space Industry Bulletin is available on UK subscription at a cost EDITORIAL DIRECTOR: Mark Simms PUBLISHED BY of £360 per year for 12 issues. Overseas subscriptions are: Europe Tel: +44 (0)1732 773268 Industrial Technology Ltd (including Eire) €450 or £400, USA $540, Rest of the World £450 Email: [email protected] Victoria House or $580. For academic subscriptions and multiple copy discounts, 2 Mornington Road visit our website, or call us on +44 (0)161 495 9078 COMMERCIAL DIRECTOR: George Bennett Sale Tel: +44 (0)161 495 9078 M33 2DA Volume 8, Issue 9 • September 2019 ISSN 2632-9530 Email: [email protected] United Kingdom

4 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com Newport, Wales 24-26 September 2019

Wales will play host to the 2019 UK Space Conference. This biennial flagship event brings together the entire space community, including government, industry, academia, research and financial communities. The conference will offer the space community unrivalled opportunities to meet, network, do business and shape the landscape for the coming years.

The event will be held at the International Convention Centre (ICC) Newport, Wales

The UK Space Conference is considered the most influential event for the space community, bringing together government, industry and academia, to build links, share opportunities and address mutual concerns at a crucial time of unprecedented change and growth for the sector.

The 2019 conference is set to be the biggest and most significant event to date with over 1,200 We are working with the space delegates anticipated. The ICC Wales, an £84 sector to build on our significant million investment development, is due to open capability and maximise the benefits shortly before the 2019 event. This biennial “ conference has been held previously in Glasgow, of space to life on Earth, creating jobs Liverpool and Manchester, with the first held in 2011 in Warwick. and opportunities across the country.

The UK Space Conference provides a vital forum for the UK space sector, academia and policy The UK Space Conference is a makers to network, debate, form new fantastic event for sparking the kind of collaborations, and do business. collaborations and partnerships that will help our sector grow. I am For further information, please contact the event team: delighted that Wales will be hosting E: [email protected] the 2019 conference and I’m sure it T: +44 (0)117 906 4573 Twitter: #ukspace2019 will build on the huge success of the follow @ukspace2019 2017 conference in Manchester.

Dr Graham Turnock CEO, UK Space Agency ” Global space industry Private sector key in driving commercial space exploration

espite multiple attempts to foster a between government and industry, demon- arrangements to better achieve public cross-fertilisation with commercial strating that more ambitious partnerships objectives while supporting sectoral growth Dactivities, outer space exploration between public and private actors could and innovation more effectively. Updated in and human spaceflight – two domains yield great benefits. Since then we have seen January 2018, the Global Exploration intrinsically related – remain essentially the emergence of the so-called ‘New Space’ Roadmap explicitly underlines that “growing funded and led by governments through ecosystem – a business-driven dynamic of capability and interest from the private national and international programmes. The the space sector which is characterised by a sector indicate a future for collaboration not substantial cost of space exploration substantial increase of private investment only among international space agencies, missions and lack of business case (so far) and commercial endeavours seeking to but also with private entities pursuing their limited the emergence of commercial develop disruptive industrial and business own goals and objectives”. leadership in this field. concepts to address new markets. This objective is not new and multiple As a consequence, and despite a strong initiatives have already taken place, in political will, the involvement of commercial Strategic challenges particular in the frame of the ISS actors in space exploration programmes In this ecosystem, space exploration and programme. In this respect, the Commercial remained limited, in general, to the role of human spaceflight have become domains of Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) contractors. interest for private companies, entre- programme has been a stepping stone with This situation evolved to some extent preneurs and investors, eager to conduct widely-recognised results in the improve- with the retirement of the Space Shuttle and business in these fields. This general context ment of cost-effectiveness and schedule the introduction of the Commercial Orbital creates programmatic opportunities and management as well as in the stimulation of Transportation Services (COTS) pro- strategic challenges for space agencies, private development of commercial space gramme. Driven by the objective to improve opening the way to a (possible) paradigm transportation systems. cost-effectiveness and share development shift in the approach to space exploration in In the wake of this success, and with the and operations risks with private partners, the future. objective to further revisit public-private NASA implemented a procurement scheme Space agencies and other public relationships and explore new mechanisms based on competitive, performance-based, institutions are actively seeking new ways to to stimulate business development, NASA fixed-price milestones. work with the private sector for the launched various initiatives such as the The financial and operational success of implementation of their space programmes. Lunar Cargo Transportation and Landing by this programme marked an important They aim to leverage joint investments, risk Soft Touchdown (Lunar CATALYST) initiative, milestone in the evolution of the relationship sharing schemes and more efficient the Commercial Lunar Payload Services

KEY TRENDS DRIVING THE NEW SPACE SECTORIAL DYNAMIC

l New verticals in the upstream sector l New procurement schemes seeking cost structured around innovative solutions effectiveness New industry Innovative (cubesats, mega-constellations, on-orbit l Optimisation of industrial organisation verticals and public servicing…) (removing prescriptive constrains) space procurement l New downstream markets: global markets and support l Risk sharing with private sector connectivity, geo-information, IoT/M2M schemes l Evolution of industrial policy towards market networks, , space mining creation

l New companies challenging the l Considerable growth of private traditional approach with investment since 2000* New alternative models l Private investment around $1.7 Substantive New entrants and l Entrepreneurs and new billion per year (2012-2017)* private entrepreneurs investment Space business ventures l Non-space companies entering *Bryce, Start-up Space 2018 the sector

l Technology not the main driver of innovation: Low cost development and production product, process and business innovation l Market Innovative methods of space systems favoured disruption industrial l Solution presented to disrupt existing markets l Business strategy based on disruption with solutions approaches or address new mass markets aggressive value propositions

l Common features of value propositions: integration/customisation, flexibility, availability, decomplexification, etc

6 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com Global space industry

CHANGE OF PARADIGM AT NASA Source: NASA

Program characteristic Early space age approach Commercial-oriented approach

Owner NASA Industry

Contract fee type Cost plus Fixed price

Contract management Prime contractor Public-private partnership

Customer(s) NASA Government and non-government

Funding for capability NASA procures capability NASA provides investment via milestone demonstration payments

NASA’s role in capability NASA defines ‘what’ and ‘how’ NASA defines ‘what’ and industry defines development ‘how’

Requirements definition NASA defines detailed requirements NASA defines top-level capabilities needed

Cost structure NASA incurs total cost NASA and industry share cost

(CPLS) programme or the Next Space initiatives for space exploration and exploration sector. Eventually, the growing Technologies for Exploration Partnerships exploitation of the ISS. opportunities for more significant commer- (NextSTEP) among others. The Agency also In a recent study, ESPI investigated the cial contributions to space exploration can revealed, in May 2019, a new plan to New Space evolution and examined the only be the outcome of two complementary stimulate the commercial use of the ISS various interrelated trends comprising this forces: a determined and long-standing including a policy to allow new commercial emerging business-driven shift. As a result, effort from public actors and a favourable activities on the station and transport of ESPI defined New Space as “a disruptive business dynamic in the private sector. private astronauts, a pricing for cargo sectorial dynamic featuring various end-to- transfer and on-board services and new end efficiency-driven concepts driving the Effectiveness and efficiency options to attach commercial modules. space sector towards a more business- and The public objective to support commercial These different initiatives and plans are service-oriented step”. space exploration and leverage more part of an overall change of paradigm at ESPI research underlined that endeavors significant private contributions (ie sharing NASA, summarised in the table above. and practices in the space sector have risks, costs and benefits) ultimately aims to tangibly evolved over the last decade and 1) improve public programme effectiveness Commercial component continue to do so at a remarkably fast pace. and efficiency and/or 2) transfer selected As a pioneer in developing commercial ESPI isolated six trends which, together, activities to the private sector (such as ISS space activities, Europe has long taken full characterise the New Space phenomenon: operations) to free some budget and refocus stock of the importance of better integrating new industry verticals and space markets; on new missions. From this standpoint, the commercial component in its space innovative public procurement and support various success stories demonstrated that exploration ambitions. In this frame, ESA and schemes; new entrants and entrepreneurs; more ambitious public-private partnerships national agencies are actively exploring new innovative industrial approaches; market can support such objectives provided that a ways to work with industry and foster disruption solutions; and substantial private number of conditions are met. business growth and innovation through investment. Among these conditions, the capacity of different policies and instruments. Together, these interrelated trends are the private sector to develop a profitable and As part of its Space 4.0 vision, ESA aims driving a profound paradigm shift in the sustainable business addressing, at least to pursue a consistent and forward-looking space sector leading to new opportunities partially, private markets, remains a key space exploration programme designed to for commercial space ventures and private challenge for many commercial ventures in “further stimulate commercial partnerships contributions to public space programmes the space exploration sector. Indeed, a vast with industrial entities.” David Parker, ESA in various space fields including, in majority of them are still at early stages of director of human spaceflight and robotic particular, space exploration and human development and, even though there is exploration, commented that “commercial spaceflight. confidence in the existence of business partnership will play a growing role in the As highlighted by Mr Gonzalez, advisor to opportunities, the profitability and exciting ESA vision for space exploration and EC director for EU satellite navigation sustainability of the business models […] ESA intends to stimulate private sector programmes, in his report on commercial proposed by these companies as well as engagement in space exploration and foster space, “space commercialisation results their capacity to address new sizeable innovative and inspiring approaches for ISS from the convergence of a bottom-up trend private markets have yet to be services and utilisation and future ESA driven by a growing accessibility of space demonstrated. missions.” technology and a determined top-down The public sector has an important role In this field, a recent outstanding ESA policy to encourage a more market-oriented to play to accompany commercial initiative is the launch of a Call for Ideas approach to space activities.” endeavours emerging today toward a fully (CFI), establishing a process to launch Information and data compiled by ESPI viable stage. The combination of public strategic partnerships with the private provide clear evidence of a growing policies and favourable business trends is sector and positioning ESA as a business convergence between such top-down policy instrumental – especially in the space partner and sponsor of selected commercial effort and bottom-up trend in the space exploration domain where the objective to

www.spaceindustrybulletin.com 7 Global space industry stimulate and leverage commercial solutions CONDITIONS AND POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF A SUCCESSFUL PPP has become a central goal for institutions and where public support, through its Common benefits flexibility to the private sector to pursue various forms, (including loans and l Shared costs in view of meeting alternative routes subsidies, R&D funding, public demand, legal budget constraints or achieving l Other benefits (job creation, economic and regulatory framework adaptation) programme and business objectives growth, environmental challenges) remains essential for the private sector to l Shared risks and transfer to the party develop a profitable and sustainable best able to manage them Private sector benefits business model. l Shared benefits in line with respective l Additional revenues and profit Ultimately, the capacity of public actors public and private objectives l Competitive advantage gained as a to successfully leverage commercial result of a variety of positive direct or contributions to space exploration and reap Public sector benefits indirect PPP impacts (eg experience gain, associated benefits can only be the outcome l Improved efficiency and effectiveness new competencies, customer acquisition) of two complementary engagements: through incentives to achieve objectives l New competences and capabilities on time and on resource that can be leveraged on other verticals l On the “offer” side, the public sector must act as a business catalyst to support the l Development of industrial capabilities and markets development of commercial solutions by the based on complementary public and l Technical and business innovation private industry and facilitate early business private investment creating potential differentiators for development l Support to innovation and industry value proposition and/or competitiveness by granting more business setup l On the “demand” side, the public sector must act as an anchor customer to integrate commercial solutions from the private objectives, 3) development of market oppor- , the current US administration industry and support business profitability tunities, and 4) fair industry competition. seems confident that, in the current and sustainability, These promising support service concepts ecosystem, the station has the potential to The complementarity of offer- and include, among others: fulfil this long-awaited goal. The US demand-oriented initiatives is best illustra- l In-orbit operations, manufacturing and administration contemplates a two-step ted by the recent NASA’s CATALYST and assembly approach on the offer and demand model: CPLS programmes. CATALYST encouraged l In-Situ Resource Utilisation (including l First, to stimulate an offer by 2025 and and facilitated the development of US resource exploration, mining and facilitate business development, the US commercial robotic lunar cargo delivery processing) Budget allocated $150 million “to encourage capabilities (ie offer) and was followed-up by l Station and base operations development of capabilities that the private the CLPS programme to purchase private l Transportation and payload hosting sector and NASA can use” transportation services to the lunar surface As discussed, the implementation of l Then, to leverage the complementarity using fixed priced contracts (ie demand). more ambitious public-private partnerships between public and private objectives (ie On the one hand, CATALYST has been for the development and provision of these cost savings for the public sector and instrumental to support the emergence of new services will require agencies to adapt business profitability and sustainability for various private solutions able to compete for their approach including industrial policy and the private industry), NASA would become a subsequent CLPS contracts. On the other procurement rules. The key challenge for customer of solutions offered by the station. hand, it is the fixed priced contracts, which agencies will be find the right balance The proposal to transfer the ISS to the integrate selected offers into NASA lunar between their inclination toward top-down private sector is audacious and will likely face plans, that will allow the agency to actually control over the development and multiple political, diplomatic, legal, technical, leverage these private solutions. These two distribution of space capabilities and the industrial, operational and commercial initiatives are the “offer” and “demand” necessary loosening of this control to meet challenges. These are challenges other space components of an approach serving a single business requirements. agencies will need to understand on the public objective. These considerations are expected to difficult road toward more significant take on their full meaning in the post-ISS era. commercial contributions to space A way forward In particular, the Lunar Gateway plans will exploration. A number of promising solutions are now require a great deal of transportation and in- Any discussion on the conditions for emerging from the cloud of commercial orbit/in-situ operations and assembly which European industry to participate to a space exploration endeavours. Among the will provide a fertile ground for the delivery of commercialisation of the ISS either as a ventures and projects launched recently by services by the private industry. To prepare partner for commercial operations or as a the private industry, those falling in the for such era of space exploration and human customer/user, should account for existing categories of “support services providers” spaceflight programmes building more and upcoming partnerships with the and “business opportunity seekers” stand extensively and prominently on partnerships European private sector for the ISS out as the most promising in the short-term between public and private actors, the ISS exploitation. And it should be supported by a to contribute to space exploration provides an essential test-bed. consultation to assess industry’s interest programmes and meet the conditions of The private sector has been expected to and by an examination of the conditions to success already discussed. develop business cases for the utilisation of be met for a European participation. With regards to support services the ISS since the inception of the programme. provision, various new concepts, which will This old promise materialised only partially l Extracted from the report be at the heart of future space exploration and commercial activities remained, first and “Commercial Space Exploration: programmes, offer an interesting potential to foremost, valuable complementary contri- potential contributions of private actors develop a more demand-driven approach to butions. Nevertheless, with the declared to space exploration programmes” public-private partnerships based on objective to transfer ISS operations to the prepared by the European 1) repeatable standard service purchase, private industry and end direct funding to the Institute (ESPI). You can see the full 2) complementarity of public and private programme by 2025 to free budget for the report at www.espi.or.at

8 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com Global space industry

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF BUSINESSES AND PRIVATE INVESTMENTS IN SPACE EXPLORATION

Company Key info Investment Description

l Start-up developing unmanned spacecraft to the Moon Private investments from business SpaceIL l Founded in occasion of the Google $22.4m angels (in particular Morris Kahn) Lunar X Prize in 2007 complement public investments from Israel the Israel Ministry of Science and l In 2019, SpaceIL’s lunar lander Beresheet was the first-ever private Technology mission to the Moon but failed to land

l Start-up providing lunar transportation and services to government and A total of 22 investors over six funding Moon Express commercial customers $16.5m rounds. Minerva Capital Group is the United States l In 2018, ME signed an MoU with the leading investor with $12.5 million to use Moon Express lunar orbiter and lander system for CSA payloads

Two funding rounds from English Start-up seeking to develop and l investors. The first has been Goonhilly expand Deep Space Communications €26.7m announced in 2014 as a funding round United Kingdom l In 2018, GES signed a partnership with from a VC firm while the second ESA to develop Commercial Lunar recorded in 2018 is from a business Mission Support Services angel

l Start-up developing a spacecraft capable of delivering two rovers, or up to 100 kg of payload, to the lunar PTScientists surface Undisclosed Undisclosed Germany l PTS signed a contract for ESA’s planned in-situ resource use (ISRU) mission and will provide the lunar lander that will analyse the regolith for future utilization

l Start-up developing technologies to facilitate access to deep-space and exploit space resources Serie A funding round to support the DSI targeted to launch a private deep Deep Space Industries l $3.5m development of a deep space space mission in 2020 (Explorer exploration platform United States / Luxembourg spacecraft) l Plans were likely revised after DSI was acquired by Bradford Space in 2018 for an undisclosed amount

l Development of space robotic technology for lunar and planetary Public and private investments over Astrobotic $12.5m missions three different rounds United States l NASA awarded Astrobotics 2 contracts for developing technologies for the Peregrine Lunar Lander

l Company developing robotic spacecraft technologies to discover, map, and use the natural resources on iSpace has been particularly ispace $90.0m the Moon successful in raising money. Japan/Luxembourg Development Bank of Japan has been l Ispace Hakuto team participated to the Google Lunar X Prize the leading investor. l The company signed up for two launches in 2020 and 2021

www.spaceindustrybulletin.com 9 Space sector investment Governments are key customers while space ecosystem builds

he space economy will require a self- says Ashley MacNeill, co-head of technology launch companies are already profitable, as sufficient ecosystem that includes equity capital markets for Morgan Stanley. there is increasing demand to launch Tcapital, strategic partnerships and “A lot of it is real passion in the industry, but smallsats.” Indeed, the launch business is evolving business models. Here’s how it may candidly, some of it is simply fear of being foundational to the space ecosystem – no develop in the coming years. late to the party. Things are changing at such launch, no space – and one of the biggest Half a century ago, the Moon a rapid pace that investors are saying they areas of funding. “Ultimately, these launch landing demonstrated the reach of human have to keep up with the times.” companies are trying to continually lower imagination, engineering skill and Prome- Because success in space promises to be the cost of launch, until it can be thought of thean audacity. The first human steps on a multidecade endeavour – with returns on as another form of transportation. It’s the extraterrestrial soil culminated decades of some lofty endeavours that could be many bus that gets you there,” says Mr Ingle. innovation in hardware, software and rocket years away – this new economy requires As launch becomes more refined – science. The resulting technology and patient investors. One sign of investors’ cheaper, easier, faster – it will allow for the infrastructure eventually delivered the willingness to wait is the increasing reliance rest of the ecosystem, from satellites to computer age – now foundational to on permanent and long-term capital funds. services, to grow into a broader businesses and homes in nearly every “For some of these funds, the exit plans marketplace. “The launch companies are corner of the Earth. can be 50 years out,” says Mr MacNeill, depending on the small and medium Now, a new space age is dawning, setting adding: “While the popularity of these satellite manufacturers. The manufacturers technological goals that would have seemed permanent and long-term capital funds may are relying on the services companies, who the stuff of Isaac Asimov in 1969: not continue forever, currently the level of are focused on things like satellite constellations of satellites, fusion-powered interest for these funds vis-a-vis space is broadband, low-earth-orbit imaging and spacecraft, technologies to mine asteroids worth noting.” weather monitoring, and then the loop feeds and 3D printers to replace worn-out Mr MacNeill adds, however, that although back on itself,” Mr Ingle says. equipment in zero gravity – something investors seem prepared for these longer That said, for the foreseeable future, Apollo 13’s crew would have been thrilled to investment horizons, they are selective. NASA, NOAA, the US Department of Defense have had in 1970. “There are a lot of unproven technologies and other government agencies are still the coming to market. To commit capital in size biggest clients, according to Mr Ingle. “The Startups and visionaries investors want technology that is successful companies will tell you that, at But this time around, the space race is being differentiated and truly disruptive.” this stage, the government is still critical. The powered not just by government but by a US corporations are also in the mix startups are going to need time to develop new crop of startups and visionaries. through strategic partnerships. For some, business models that work. Remember Although entrepreneurs, strategic partner- it’s still at a wait-and-see phase. “Right now, space is tremendously complex. It’s going to ships and venture capital have been leading publicly traded companies are watching the take time for the ecosystem to develop. And the charge on funding, the success of this space story unfold, and there’s a bit of ‘Do I in the near-term, I think we’ll see that nascent phase of the new space economy watch it, invest in it or buy it?’ ” says Lauren government is still going to be the most will require a self-sufficient ecosystem. How Cummings, the other co-head of technology important game in town.” it develops in the coming years – from equity capital markets at Morgan Stanley. funding to business models to full-fledged These strategic partnerships appeal to both A generational shift industry – may be a tale even more corporations and startups. For the former, Finally, the ecosystem will need human captivating then one written by Mr Asimov. it’s a connection to the latest technologies capital – and in plentiful supply. “Years ago, Although the “space unicorns” have and solutions, while startups see possible if you were a young engineer coming out of caught the eye of news media, hundreds of distribution partners and growth capital. college with an interest in space, you really other new startups have formed in the past had just NASA or a government agency. Now, several years to explore opportunities in Building an ecosystem there are dozens and dozens of startups to space infrastructure – satellite manufac- To succeed, the space industry will need choose from. You can actually pursue a turing, launch capabilities, IT hardware – and practical business cases and realistic profit career in space,” says Mr Ingle. adjacent areas, such as space tourism, models – which means a self-sustaining Adds Mr MacNeill, “In my conversations, satellite broadband, media and even ecosystem. “Right now, you see a lot of I’m finding that Millennials and Generation Z asteroid mining. But space is a world of attention on the launch business,” says are focused on two big areas: climate heavy machinery, infrastructure and Phillip Ingle, a managing director in change and space – and there is even some manpower. In other words, it requires vast investment banking. crossover between the two areas. But the amounts of capital – both in the research “You have the large launch companies passion of these two generations is what’s and development phase and as these where some of the new providers are now going to keep interest in space going over companies build out infrastructure. competing with the traditional government the next several decades.” However, investor curiosity has kept pace. providers. But there’s also a lot of activity on “You’re seeing a tremendous amount of the small launch side – companies who are l Reproduced from a Morgan Stanley interest in this area from angel investors, focused on launching smaller, lower-cost article on the investment significance of venture capital and private-equity firms,” satellites into orbit. And some of these the space economy

10 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com Space sector investment

SERAPHIM SPACE INDEX – JUNE 2019

30 June 2018 to 30 June 2019: Q3 18 Q4 18 Q1 19 Q2 19 Total $4.280m investment Upstream 444 711 1453 769

Downstream 99 179 133 497 Includes 31 drone transactions totalling $476m Total includes $96m ‘Beyond Earth’ investments, including $80m Astroscale series D and $12.5m Moon Express

Published quarterly by Seraphim Capital, the Seraphim Seraphim Capital is the world’s first venture fund Space Index is the global barometer for space tech dedicated to financing the growth of companies venture market transactions. To find out more, visit operating in the space ecosystem www.seraphimcapital.co.uk

www.spaceindustrybulletin.com 11 Legal and regulation Assessment of environmental effects for licence application

nder the Space Industry Act, both SPACE INDUSTRY ACT 2018 IN BRIEF spaceports and vehicle launch Uoperators will be required to apply 28 October 1971 remains the only time that the United Kingdom has successfully for a licence, as covered under Section 11 of launched a satellite into Earth orbit by means of a launch vehicle developed within the UK the Act. A key aspect to consider as part of the application for a licence is the In doing so it became the sixth nation to attain this capability. Unlike the others, however, submission of an assessment of the UK took the decision to abandon this capability, citing cost of development and the environmental effects (AEE), which is existence of alternative, cheaper arrangements with other states covered in Section 11 subsection 4. Now UK is taking legislative steps to regain sovereign launch capacity The purpose of the AEE is to enable the regulator to make an assessment as to The Space Industry Act received Royal Assent on 15 March 2018 whether a licence can be granted to the applicant and, if so, what licence conditions It is a major milestone in establishing the environment for safe, responsible and are appropriate to use. In an effort to make commercial operations from UK spaceports this aspect of the application not overly It is the result of collaboration across UK Government departments onerous, the requirement to submit an AEE could perhaps be met using an equivalent Safety of the uninvolved general public is at the heart of this Act assessment prepared previously in compliance with the requirement imposed The Act’s provisions also ensure that spaceflight activity taking place from the UK is under another enactment, or an assessment carried out in compliance with the UN space treaties of environmental effects prepared in connection with a previous application. In such cases, however, the regulator will far as the timetable is concerned, the AEE the licence conditions and to notify the make a direction under subsection 4 only if will be published as part of the public regulator of any material changes. The satisfied that there has been no material consultation in early 2020. regulator will be monitoring compliance. change of circumstances since the previous Let’s look at each of the steps in the AEE assessment was prepared. AEE general points application process in more detail, starting Section 11 (4) is an important power For horizontal spaceports the intention is to with AEE scoping. The purpose of this under the Space Industry Act. Its purpose is align the AEE insofar as possible with exercise is to set the environmental baseline to avoid duplication of assessments in the existing aerodrome assessments and by which the AEE is to be conducted – the Space Industry Act and across the existing planning permission, thus streamlining the final guidance document will explain the environmental and planning framework. The AEE process using the S.11(4) power. For scoping requirements in detail. Scoping will AEE is independent of other environmental vertical spaceports, the intention is to make enable the applicant to focus on what is and planning assessments. the AEE compatible with the planning important, ensuring the AEE is proportion- However, environmental assessments permission process. ate and not needlessly lengthy. conducted in support of applications for For launch vehicle operators, the AEE will Though the process will be the same for these consents can also be used for the AEE. be required for vertical launch operations, spaceport and operator AEEs, the contents The AEE has been purposely designed to mid air launch operations, sub orbital launch of the scoping document will differ slightly. accommodate these assessments insofar as operations and balloon launch operations. As well as detailing the environmental possible. Construction activities are not within the topics, the document for spaceport scope of the AEE. operators will look at aspects such as the AEE guidance How will it work in practice? As can be overall spaceport allowance and expected The UK Space Agency is now developing the seen in the figure opposite, an application launch frequency, and must consider the policy behind Section 11 to create a guidance will begin with a dialogue on the AEE vicinity around the spaceport in which document explaining the AEE process. In requirements between the applicant and the effects will be assessed. The scoping developing this policy the Agency has been regulator. The applicant will then engage a document will detail the activities to be engaging extensively with other government competent expert, who will prepare a considered in the AEE, along with mitigation departments and environmental regulators scoping document. This will be reviewed by measures (if known) and cumulative effects. UK wide and will continue to do so. the regulator as part of an ongoing dialogue For the operator AEE, the scoping The aim is to align the AEE policy with before the scope of the AEE is agreed. The document will also detail environmental existing environmental policy to create both applicant’s competent expert then drafts the topics, and will go on to specify maximum a robust and proportionate assessment. As AEE and submits it to the regulator for launch frequency (monthly and yearly), and part of the development process, the UK review. The regulator will then determine if the areas in which effects will be assessed. Space Agency is planning to hold a the licence can be granted and, if so, what It will detail the activities to be considered in regulatory marketplace which will give conditions will be attached. the AEE, including mitigation measures (if businesses the opportunity to speak with With the licence having been granted, the known) and cumulative effects. Step two some of these environmental regulators. As onus is on the applicant to report data as per sees the regulator looking at the scoping

12 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com Legal and regulation

THE AEE INDICATIVE PROCESS MAP

PRE-APPLICATION – SCOPING DURING APPLICATION POST-LICENCE

Competent T expert Reports data N Engages Competent A prepares as per licence

C competent expert drafts I

L expert scoping AEE conditions P

P document A Notifies regulator of material changes

Begin dialogue Agree on AEE scope requirements of AEE for licence Ongoing Ongoing dialogue dialogue R O

T Determines A Reviews L Monitors

U licence and scoping Reviews AEE G compliance E document attaches R conditions

document submitted. Discussions will be accurate and whether further mitigation and the reporting of data to the regulator. held between the applicant and the regulator should be required in the form of licence The data that needs to be reported will be to understand the assumptions in the conditions driven by the environmental topics identified scoping document. Amendments may be l Whether licence conditions with regards as sensitive during the AEE process. required. The regulator may seek external to the monitoring of environmental effects Ultimately, the amount and types of expertise in assessing the scoping are necessary licence conditions around environmental document received. As part of the review, the regulator may monitoring/protection will depend upon the When the regulator reaches agreement seek external expertise in assessing the AEE. submitted AEE. The UK Space Agency’s with applicant on scoping document, In addition, the regulator will consult with the proposal is that a spaceport would be scoping is complete, and the AEE is public on the AEE received. This is to comply responsible for monitoring effects in the conducted. Four assessments need to be with existing international and national law. vicinity of the spaceport and an operator completed against the agreed environ- Once the regulator has taken into account would be responsible for monitoring effects mental baseline in the scoping document: the views of the public and assessed the along the trajectory and at drop zones. l Assess the significance of the activities’ submitted AEE it will determine the licence If monitoring shows environmental environmental impacts against the environ- application and attach relevant licence effects that are more significant than mental topics agreed (without mitigation) conditions to the licence. originally predicted, then the AEE may need l Assess the significance of the activities’ to be updated. The UK Space Agency environmental impacts against the environ- Post AEE requirements intends to regulate this by attaching a mental topics agreed (with mitigation, ie Of course the AEE is just one of a number of material change licence condition to both what is the mitigation expected to do?) factors the regulator will take into account spaceport and launch vehicle operator l Assess the cumulative environmental when determining either a spaceport or licences. impact of the operations and reach a launch vehicle operator licence application, The effect of this condition is that where conclusion on significance but let’s assume that a licence is subsequent there has been a material change to the l List mitigation proposals granted by the regulator, along with relevant original environmental baseline by which the These assessments should be completed licence conditions. Let’s look, then, at the AEE has been assessed, then a revised AEE by a competent expert, acting for the post AEE requirements. must be submitted. Conversely, should applicant and detailed within the AEE. The licence conditions are there to environmental effects be better than Once submitted the regulator will then ensure that environmental protection is predicted, a justifiable case could be brought review the AEE. The purpose of this review is maintained. Environmental effects will be to increase the spaceport cap or launch for the regulator to determine: considered continually whilst projects are frequency limit. l Whether the significance findings in the ongoing – environmental protection doesn’t AEE (for each environmental topic, environ- stop at the grant of a licence. l Edited from a presentation by Joe mental topics with mitigation and the overall Both spaceport and launch vehicle Pratt of the UK Space Agency at the cumulative effects) are accurate operator licences will likely have licence Regulation and Legislation Plenary l Whether the proposed mitigation is conditions attached requiring monitoring Event at the University of Glasgow

www.spaceindustrybulletin.com 13 Legal and regulation Space law must evolve to deal with emerging challenges

ecently NASA astronaut Anne CHALLENGES FOR THE SPACE INDUSTRY: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY McClain was accused of illegally Raccessing her wife’s bank account Intellectual property (IP) is the property of ownership and registry of the Station’s during her stay on the International Space your mind, or proprietary knowledge, and element in which the invention has taken Station. This brought up variety of legal can be a design, invention, brand, place (Article 21 of the Intergovernmental issues and questions about how to litigate a application of an idea, and more. Agreement). crime committed in space. NASA is currently IP mechanisms of copyright and investigating the matter. trademarks are legitimate means of l Temporary presence – Another Here we explore the practice area of protecting information, but are somewhat problem is how to deal with instance of space law, civil and criminal, and discuss less applicable in the space industry. There temporary presence of spacecraft and pertinent case law, what legal frameworks are several industry-specific challenges in other hardware on the territory of a third exist for crime committed in space as well as regard to space related inventions: state (for example from where the launch other legal issues currently seen in the space is organised) when the technology they law arena. l Enforcement – A major problem is carry might be infringing patent rights Michelle Hanlon, associate director of the enforcement of patent rights, due to the registered in that third state. National Center for Air and Space Law, characteristic of space being the ‘province comments: “The body of space law is really of all mankind’, as stated by the Outer l Publicity – There is naturally a higher an international law. We have five space Space Treaty. If everything in space is level of publicity in space related treaties that have been negotiated since the owned by mankind, how can one country or enterprises. An information release about 1960s. Four of them are pretty widely ratified another ‘own’ an invention in space? the invention might be enough to meet the and the last one is not quite as popular, but criteria of disclosure, which renders the what we call the Magna Carta of space law, l Jurisdiction – Jurisdiction in regard to invention non-patentable. the is really the inventions made in outer space is document that all space lawyers turn to ambiguous – what if there is a situation Unfortunately many of these problems when we consider anything that happens in where space activities are carried out by have not been resolved, especially in states space.” partners who are nationals of different where there are no provisions concerning Space law is becoming more important states? Who can file for a patent? Is there the patentability of specifically outer space because of the recognition that space is priority for one over the other? This inventions, and where there is no filled with resources that humans can use. problem has been resolved on the temporary presence doctrine like the US, We need people in space to help us access International Space Station by dividing the France, and others. and utilise those resources – from mining station into ‘elements’, and the country of These problems all have policy and water on the moon, to actually just using inventorship will be determined by the implications for many states. orbits in space to track the progress of hurricanes so we can tell people if they should evacuate. law that governs the activity of humans in College of Law and director of the Global But while the Outer Space Treaty space,” says Ms Hanlon. Space Law Center at Cleveland State provides guiding principles, it only covers the This is not to say that outer space is University, says: “The treaties also make activities of sovereign states in space. “So devoid of law or is a lawless place. Mark states responsible for the activities of their what we don’t have right now is any kind of Sundahl, professor at Cleveland-Marshall nationals and so we have therefore domestic regulations so that states carefully watch FRANCE TO CREATE WITHIN AIR FORCE and regulate the activities of those who plan French President Emmanuel Macron has force,” Mr Macron said, adding that it would to launch rockets and objects into space. So approved the creation of a space command later become the Space and Air Force. we have a domestic layer of regulation that’s within the French air force to improve the French Defence Minister Florence Parly fairly mature. country’s defence capabilities. said last year she was committed to giving “Space law has to cover the broadest Addressing military personnel a day France strategic space autonomy in the aspects of intellectual property, property before the Bastille Day parade, President face of growing threats from other powers rights on celestial bodies, mining rights, the Macron said the new military doctrine amid a race in space militarisation. laws of war, criminal law and more,” adds setting up a space command would The French military spending pro- Mr Sundahl. “It’s a broad field that really strengthen protection of French satellites. gramme for 2019-2025 has earmarked embraces everything that we do here on He said the investment involved had yet to €3.6bn for investments and renewal of Earth as it’s translated into outer space.” determined. French satellites. NATO aims to recognise “To give substance to this doctrine and space as a domain of warfare this year. US Property rights ensure the development and reinforcement President Donald Trump’s administration Let’s consider property rights: where of our space capabilities, a space command announced a plan last year to create a new does space begin, where do my property will be created next September in the air “” by 2020. rights end, and if there is a dispute, who decides it? “Right now space is for

14 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com Legal and regulation

THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SPACE LAW

The delimitation between airspace and outer space is not yet legally-defined

All States are free to use and explore outer space

The exploration and use of outer space is to be for the benefit and in the interests of all countries

The use and exploration of outer space is the province of ‘mankind’

There shall be no appropriation of any part of outer space

All relevant international law applies to outer space, not just the space-specific treaties

No weapons of mass destruction are to be placed in outer space, but there is no restriction on conventional weapons

Outer space generally must be used for non-aggressive purposes, and the Moon and other celestial bodies are subject to specific ‘peaceful purposes’ restrictions.

Governments are responsible for all national activities in outer space, even activities of entirely independent, non-governmental entities

A ‘launching State’ in respect of a space object is responsible for registering the space object

The State of registry of a space object retains jurisdiction and control of the space object, but not necessarily ownership of the space object as a whole

States are to be guided by the principle of cooperation and mutual assistance

States Parties shall conduct their activities with due regard for the activities of all other States Parties

States must undertake appropriate international consultations prior to any expected harmful interference

State shall avoid harmful contamination of Earth by extra-terrestrial matter and of celestial bodies by matter from Earth

States have some obligations of rescue and return of astronauts and space objects

A ‘launching State’ is absolutely liable for damage by its space objects on Earth, but only liable for damage between two space objects in space where the State is at fault

everybody. No nation can own property in This has implications for the space forces force and its perfectly legal, depending of space. No nation can make any territorial of the future, which have been established in course on what it does. If anyone believes claim in space,” comments Ms Hanlon as a the United States and announced by France. that space will be devoid of the military or of start point. “Espionage is one part of the political war, then they are mistaken.” “I think Australia is the only country in military contest, but what else is involved in the world that actually defines where space that and how is space dealt with from a Biological pollution begins, and I believe they define it as 100km military perspective?” Mr Sundahl asks. Another interesting question from the up,” she continues noting that, more widely, “The reality is that we will likely see the same legal perspective is biological pollution of where the air ends (and thus where the air rules of war extend into outer space as we space bodies. “We do have a planetary law regime ends) and where space begins is have here on Earth.” protection policy and the international one of those things that the international community has worked very hard on that,” community hasn’t been able to agree upon. Peaceful purposes says Ms Hanlon, adding that from a space While some countries want to set a “There is language in the Outer Space Treaty law perspective they key is in finding a height, others want to look at it on a use about the use of outer space for exclusively balance. “We need to have an open basis, and it’s important because nations peaceful purposes and that’s beautiful discussion about what we want and how we own the air over them. “It’s a really tricky aspirational language, but the devil of course want to move into space. But I don’t think it question about when are you going to apply is in the interpretation of that,” he continues. means that we can’t ever do anything more air law and when are you going to apply “What does it mean to use space for than just sending a rover. space law,” she comments. peaceful purposes?” “I don’t think that is Adding to Ms Hanlon’s comments, Mr The explanation that’s been offered is intended to just keep us frozen in our space Sundahl says: “If you want to fly over another that peaceful purposes only prohibits here on Earth.” country’s airspace, you need consent. By aggressive use of military force. “So as long contrast, in outer space, you can fly over any as you are not engaged in naked aggression, l Edited from a discussion on space country without consent and engage in then you are peaceful in your use of outer law on the Legal Talk Network. You can espionage legally. And so that is why space,” says Mr Sundahl. “And that is really listen to the full discussion at countries have been loath to set a specific the same definition that applies on the legaltalknetwork.com/podcasts/ altitude for the definition of outer space.” surface of the Earth. So we have a space lawyer-2-lawyer

www.spaceindustrybulletin.com 15 Global space economy Space power will become as important as geopolitical power

fter an early thrill ride in the 1960s, MAJOR GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES Source: Frost and Sullivan followed by a sleepy coasting, space Ais again abuzz with activity. This time it is different – radically different – and the labels show it: “NewSpace”, “Space 2.0” or “The Second Space Age”. There are now many more players, much more money, vastly better technology, bigger interests, greater risks and grander visions. The best parallel is with the Internet of Satellite Launch services Ground station Satellite Earth 2019 compared to that of 1999, but in the manufacturing market services communication observation case of space the shift has been more sudden. In a few short years new technologies have bridged important economic gaps and have unlocked the field because of the growing economic and must be directed into the right projects and for a wide range of commercial actors. military interdependencies between “terran” technologies at the right time and in the Extraordinary projects – such as mega- and space affairs. right sequence. Domestic space industrial constellations of thousands of small Where is this all leading? What are the sectors and infrastructure must be satellites – which were on no one’s radar ten implications of this epochal rise of space developed at pace in the teeth of cutthroat years ago have now become viable and are power? What forms will it take? How will it be international competition. in fact being delivered. The use of satellite used? The possibilities of space have Talent and skills must be nurtured and/or data has likewise exploded both in terms of transformed so quickly, the technology is attracted from abroad. Security threats and demand and in terms of applications and fully understood by so few, and the entire outright attacks must be fended off, with service providers. domain is so literally alien to human backup systems ready to kick-in. Most importantly, space infrastructure experience that we are severely under- International norms and standards (such as has become thoroughly enmeshed with the equipped to work out what’s really going space traffic management) regulating global economy in a similar manner to the on – let alone to make the best and safest behaviour and liabilities in the “global Internet. A self-reinforcing evolutionary cycle use of space power. commons” of Earth’s orbit must be shaped to has emerged between human activity on one’s advantage as much as possible. Most Earth and in space: they drive each other Inevitable convergence importantly, the people must be inspired to both in terms of economic value and in Yet space power will become, within our back their country’s space destiny as a terms of mutual dependency. lifetime, as significant in shaping human critical national endeavour (China is already The financial scale of space is also rapidly affairs as classic geopolitical power. This leading the pack in this regard). expanding. Already the “space economy” is convergence is inevitable, even based solely All this requires organisation, vision, worth over $350bn globally; within the next on trends observable today, let alone future leadership, strategy. Space policy decision- 30 years it is estimated to surpass the $1tn groundbreaking technological advances making within government must be mark – without taking into account any which are sure to happen. Conceiving of streamlined, and put in accord with industry. large-scale exploitation of the tremendous national (and global corporate) strategy And a bit further down the line overly mineral resources present on accessible purely on a geopolitical basis, ie in the “old successful private space companies will celestial bodies. There is now a gold rush in way”, will become a categorical error as need to be restrained. The incredible space, and the minimalistic international law space and “terran” affairs will have merged complexity of space security and defence currently applicable in this domain makes it into a single strategic continuum. considerations, always updated to account a quasi-free-for-all in the purest sense of the Those who can make sense of Space 2.0 for new technologies and threats, must be “wild west”. and develop shrewd, effective ways to wield woven throughout all national planning. Space 2.0 is about everyone – be they space power in the coming decades, will Space is a novel domain, which, uniquely states, international organisations, private increasingly be at great advantage to their in human experience, exists exclusively as a companies or, not unlikely, future rogue competitors – in economic, scientific, mili- function of technology yet is also subject to actors – now scrambling to secure a piece of tary and, ultimately, political terms. Their the laws of physics. This puts a premium on the action. The primary motivation in the prize will not only be leadership in the new strategic concepts and theories of Second Space Age, that gives it its endless immensity of space, but dominance space power being discovered and perfected distinctive scope and character, is of the Earth. Late-21st century world order to support the use these capabilities to commercial profit. This has overturned the will inevitably rest on radically different maximum effect in national interest. The military and national prestige incentives that geostrategic foundations and power- stakes of space power are very high. drove the First Space Age – but not by much. parameters than anything so far in history. Security and classical geopolitical calcu- Yet there are innumerable challenges to l Author Gabriel Elefteriu is head of lations remain at the heart of all leading be surmounted along the way by would-be space policy at Policy Exchange, the space powers’ orbital endeavours, precisely great space powers. Expensive investment leading UK think tank

16 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com Global space economy

SATELLITES KEY TO MORE THAN $5 TRILLION ACROSS THE US ECONOMY

National Telecommunications Industry Association. 2016-2017 size of digital Internet $1.6T economy; 2018 revenue estimated by Bryce based on previous years.

Financial Services $1.5T SelectusA, Department of Commerce. 2018 revenue

“National Weather Service Enterprise Analysis Report,” National Weather Service. Weather $1.3T Range (3 to 6%) of reducible US GDP variability due to weather, by weather forecasting; 2018 impact estimated by Bryce based on 6% limit and previous years

National Security $692B FY2018 NDAA. 2018 total budget authorised

“Economic Benefits of the Global Positioning System (GPS),” RTI International / GPS $340B National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2013-2017 GPS economic benefits for the private sector; 2018 impact estimated by Bryce based on previous years

Television Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2018 revenue of industry for cable, broadcast and $191B satellite television

Space and satellite revenues of US-headquartered firms and US Government US Space Economy $170B budgets. Calculated from State of Satellite Industry Report 2019, produced by Bryce for Satellite Industry Association

Wireless Comm “How the Wireless Industry Powers the US Economy,” Cellular Telecommunications $147B Industry Association. 2018 Revenue

www.spaceindustrybulletin.com 17 UK space economy Government commitment to embrace the new space age

n his speech at Policy Exchange, science UK SPACE INDUSTRY INCOME, 1999/00 – 2017/18 minister Chris Skidmore highlighted the IGovernment’s commitment to the UK space industry, outlining the importance of the sector to the broader UK economy. He also added detail to a number of Government propositions – including the and the National Space Framework, and spoke on the Government’s ambitions for the sector. He we provide a full account of the relevant sections of his speech talking about the strength of UK space industry:

Fast growing industry As Space Minister I’ve been quickly aware of the strength of our own remarkable space * 2017/18 forecast Source: London Economics industry. It has tripled in size since 2000, becoming one of the fastest growing sectors Earth observation, I believe, is therefore the enabling technologies that space and in the UK economy. It employs close to an essential green technology, vital for satellite technology can provide. 42,000 people throughout the UK, has an monitoring our changing planet and The National Space Framework therefore income of almost £15 billion, and, through informing the decisive action we need to recognises three top-level national priorities the use of our satellite services, supports an reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050. aligned with the Cabinet Office-led Fusion estimated further £300 billion of economic And this is a phenomenal economic Doctrine: those of Prosperity and activity. opportunity for the UK also – the Earth Knowledge, Security and Protection, and I want the UK’s efforts in space to observation sector is growing rapidly, thirdly Global Influence. continue to grow, and for us to play our currently supporting around £92 billion of Through these, the Council will improve fullest role in exploring the solar system and economic activity. I want to see this progress its understanding of future UK requirements, understanding the universe. But this isn’t continue as we continue to work to tackle deliver the practical joint working across all just about looking outwards at the universe, climate change and deliver green growth. government departments to improve policy by going to Mars or hosting the And this work really shows that the UK coherence and, importantly, working with headquarters of the Square Kilometer Array must continue to be one of the leaders of the sector, to achieve our ambitious growth right here in Britain at Jodrell Bank. this new space age – a space age that isn’t targets. Last year the Space Growth Most pressingly, I believe that our efforts rooted in Cold War rivalry, but in Partnership published ‘Prosperity from in space will help to preserve life right here communication, in collaboration and in Space’ – a blueprint to build on our success on Earth. Through measuring the commercialisation; a space age which to date, to enable the UK to access over £70 temperature of oceans, to monitoring recognises the pivotal role that space will billion worth of new opportunities by 2030. changes to biodiversity and the extent of have in delivering life-enhancing and And we set out a national ambition of deforestation, satellite technology today is sustainable benefits right here on earth. accelerating growth to secure 10% of global enabling us to observe the very real-time market share in commercial space activity changes happening right here on Planet National Space Council by this date. Earth. A very significant step is the creation of a The structure of the National Space And the UK has significant capabilities in National Space Council, which will Council is still to be agreed with the Cabinet satellite Earth Observation, including coordinate the Government’s space strategy Office, but we expect it to have a permanent through our membership of Copernicus, and capabilities. This coordination will also full-time secretariat and formal supporting which I want to see continue. These be driven by a new National Space structures from across government, capabilities range from radar remote- Framework, which will be owned and industry and academia. sensing through to ultraviolet analysis of the operated by the Council. As we saw from President Macron’s physical, chemical and biological systems This will have implications throughout recent announcement of a new space here and also to observe how these are our society, because space affects policy in defence command in France, governments changing. a wide range of government departments. all over the world are recognising the These capabilities are pushing the Most obviously the Ministry of Defence for strategic value of space. And for the UK, the frontiers of environmental science. And as security and defence, but also the Cabinet new Space Council will provide renewed humanity’s impact on the world becomes Office for civil contingencies, Defra for Earth focus and ambition, to accelerate the ever more dramatic, gathering evidence observation, BEIS for industry and climate excellent progress that we’ve already made from space becomes an increasingly change, DCMS for communications, and to date. We’ve also reaffirmed our pressing challenge. across many other departments in terms of commitment to the European Space Agency

18 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com UK space economy

A LANDSCAPE OF SPACE BUSINESS SERVICES, BUSINESS MODELS AND SEGMENTS

– an organisation which we helped to found, offers significant opportunities to maximise forwards, also with our publication of our and that we are absolutely proud to be a part the commercial and scientific impact of International Research and Innovation of. We’re contributing around £300 million space, but also to maximise its role in Strategy. I’m delighted that space continues to ESA each year, and I believe that is money tackling problems like climate change I to form part of a wider strategy we have entirely well spent. For every £1 we invest discussed earlier. I look forward to across government. with ESA, we see an average return of £10. continuing this strong and vitally important We’re committed to continuing partnership, and to seeing many more Funding and financing collaboration with member states in ESA on fantastic achievements from ESA, for many As the UK we have a fantastic story to tell. research and on development – particularly years to come. We are, for example, a satellite telecoms in such an important year for ESA, with the Space is a truly global endeavour that powerhouse; one in four telecoms satellites Council of Ministers in November, where benefits everyone, but we can only achieve contains parts made in the UK. We are also member states will agree ESA’s future these benefits if we have a safe and secure working with international partners to put in programmes of work. space environment. The UK is leading place the necessary agreements for It’s fantastic to see that already international discussions to determine companies from around the world to be able preparations for that are also building up to practical ways both governments and to come here to the UK, while investing in an ambitious programme based on global industry can ensure space will be available related facilities and technology, including collaboration, excellent science as well as for future generations. almost £100 million for a new National commercial programmes that will support Building on our work with ESA, and the Satellite Test Facility in Harwell, and £60 our Industrial Strategy. increased global appetite for international million for Reaction Engines to develop its space agencies to work together, the UK revolutionary air-breathing rocket tech- Space sector R&D Space Agency is now looking to enhance our nology. The Government’s commitment to raise level of international engagement and It is absolutely vital that these projects research and development spending to 2.4% cooperation through a series of bilateral and investments continue, because the UK of GDP offers a considerable opportunity to programmes. simply cannot afford to opt out of space. We space and other technology-based sectors. The intent is to provide a real opportunity need to build on our strengths and to make The space sector is six times more R&D for the UK space sector, industry and space a major priority for the UK’s future. intensive than the UK average, and we will academia, to strengthen its international This means continuing to be a major continue to work closely with ESA in order to relationships while also continuing to investor in ESA, to put forward our best and develop programme proposals that benefit collaborate with our close partners across most talented minds, and to invest in our R&D as well as boosting our national Europe. That’s a key theme which runs right satellite applications cluster from Glasgow capabilities. This complementary approach through the engagement I’ve taken to Goonhilly.

www.spaceindustrybulletin.com 19 ESA Invitations to tender

REF DESCRIPTION END DATE GSTP ELEMENT 2: Call for Proposals - FOR MARKET ORIENTED ACTIVITIES 13/05/22 INVESTING IN INDUSTRIAL INNOVATION - INCUBED ANNOUNCEMENT OF PARTNERSHIP OPPORTUNITY (APO) 31/12/21 COPERNICUS SPACE COMPONENTS - COMPETITIVE FRAME CONTRACTS - LONG TERM ARCHIVE SERVICE FOR COPERNICUS 31/12/21 EO SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY PERMANENTLY OPEN CALL FOR PROPOSALS EOEP-5 BLOCK 4 31/12/21 COPERNICUS SPACE COMPONENTS - COMPETITIVE FRAME CONTRACTS - ACQUISITION AND TT&C SERVICES FOR COPERNICUS 31/12/21 ARTES CC - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY - WORKPLANS EMITS / WEBSITE 31/12/21 NAVIGATION INNOVATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME ELEMENT 3 ANNOUNCEMENT OF OPPORTUNITY (AO) 28/12/21 PERMANENTLY OPEN CALL FOR OUTLINE PROPOSALS UNDER THE HUNGARIAN INDUSTRY INCENTIVE SCHEME - EXPRO PLUS 01/12/21 NAVISP ELEMENT 2 - OPEN CALL FOR PROPOSALS 31/12/20 FRAME CONTRACT FOR MEDIUM SIZE INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS ON-ESTEC SITE, NOORDWIJK (NL) 31/12/20 OPEN CALL FOR PROPOSAL FOR IAP- ESA BUSINESS APPLICATIONS 30/12/20 ARTES INTEGRATED APPLICATIONS PROMOTION (IAP) - 5GRONINGEN 30/12/20 ARTES C&G - CALL FOR PROPOSALS 20/12/20 KICK-START THEMATIC CALL ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES 24/01/20 FRAMEWORK PROJECT IMPLEMENTING ESAS SUPPORT OF SPACE-RELATED ACTIVITIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC 01/01/20 ARTES SCYLIGHT ROLLING WORK PLAN 31/12/19 ARTES INTEGRATED APPLICATIONS PROMOTION (IAP) KICKSTART ACTIVITIES 31/12/19 POLISH INDUSTRY INCENTIVE SCHEME - ROADMAPS WORKPLAN 31/12/19 ScyLight - Open Call for proposals 31/12/19 CALL FOR PROPOSALS: EXPERT: POST-ISS HUMAN RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS CAPABILITY IN LEO 31/12/19 ANNOUNCEMENT OF NAVISP ELEMENT 1 2018 WORKPLAN WITH 12 ACTIVITIES 27/12/19 ARTES INTEGRATED APPLICATIONS PROMOTION (IAP) KICKSTART ACTIVITIES - PART 2 18/12/19 COPERNICUS HPCM (HIGH PRIORITY CANDIDATE MISSIONS) - LSTM PHASES B2, C/D AND E1 16/12/19 COPERNICUS HPCM (HIGH PRIORITY CANDIDATE MISSIONS) - CHIME PHASES B2, C/D AND E1 16/12/19 GT17-021ED: COTS-BASED HIGHLY INTEGRATED COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR MINI/NANO SATELLITES 06/12/19 IAP KICKSTART ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) 29/11/19 LIGHTWEIGHT, ACOUSTIC-LOAD-INSENSITIVE MILLIMETRE-WAVE ANTENNA REFLECTOR (ARTES AT 5B.189) 15/11/19 IAP.FS.SA.001 CYBERSECURITY AND SPACEBASED SERVICES FS OC 14/11/19 ON-ORBIT SERVICING PREPARED PLATFORMS (ARTES AT 4A.080) 12/11/19 PARALLEL OPEN PUBLICATION (FOR INFORMATION ONLY) OF ITT2-1719/19/NL/PA 12/11/19 MASSIVE-USER COMMUNICATION DEMONSTRATOR (ARTES AT 3C.016) (RE-ISSUE AO 1-9280) 08/11/19 9B.071 SPACE FOR CLEAN AND SAFE MANAGEMENT OF WATER, HYDROCARBONS AND ELECTRICITY OC 04/11/19 PARALLEL PUBLICATION LUNAR GATEWAY INTERNATIONAL HABITATION MODULE (I-HAB) PHASES B2/C/D/E1 04/11/19 FAST COMPOSITE REFLECTOR MANUFACTURING (ARTES AT 5B.192) 04/11/19 H2020-ESA-036 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF ARAIM ISM GENERATION BY EGNOS 31/10/19 LIGHTWEIGHT DEPLOYABLE RADIATORS (ARTES AT 4D.062) 31/10/19 IOD/IOV PROJECT ACTIVITIES RELATED TO EXPERIMENTS REQUIRING AGGREGATION ON A MICRO SAT/MINI SAT CARRIER 28/10/19 FAST SWITCHING FOR OPTICAL INTER-SATELLITE DATA TRANSMISSION AND RANGING FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 28/10/19 KICK-START THEMATIC CALL BIODIVERSITY 25/10/19 ASSESSMENT OF RELIABLE HIGH DATA RATE OPTICAL LINKS UNDER STRONG ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE CONDITIONS 25/10/19 FULL DUPLEX STEERABLE ANTENNA FOR MASS MARKET INTERACTIVE TERMINALS (ARTES AT 7B.048) 25/10/19 SCALABLE AND DEPLOYABLE ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA FOR FUTURE SATCOM PAYLOADS 23/10/19 19-D-T-OPS-01 DEFLECTION BY SPACE-BASED LASER - EXPRO+ 22/10/19 120 W, 32 GHZ TWT FOR PAYLOAD DATA TRANSMITTER 22/10/19 METROLOGY FOR OPTICAL FREE-FORM SURFACES RE-ISSUE 21/10/19 SSA P3-SST-XVIII OGS CAMERA REQUIREMENTS AND BENCHMARKING 18/10/19

20 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com ESA Invitations to tender

REF DESCRIPTION END DATE OPEN STANDARD FOR INTER SATELLITE LINK - EXPRO+ 17/10/19 HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIAL CHARACTERISATION FOR THRUSTER APPLICATIONS - EXPRO+ 17/10/19 IMPACT OF ANOMALIES AND NON-CONFORMANCES ON FUTURE REQUIREMENT FORMULATIONS - EXPRO+ 17/10/19 APPLICATION OF SURFACE FUNCTIONALISATION IN SPACE MECHANISMS - EXPRO+ 15/10/19 ADAPTIVE CONTROL FOR FAST ACQUISITION AND RE-ACQUISITION OF PRECISE SCIENTIFIC CONSTELLATIONS - EXPRO+ 15/10/19 SMART MANUFACTURING FOR FUTURE CONSTELLATIONS - EXPRO+ 15/10/19 AUGMENTED REALITY FOR CONCURRENT ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES - EXPRO+ 15/10/19 ANTENNA VERIFICATION METHODOLOGIES FOR LARGE ANTENNAS - EXPRO+ 15/10/19 PHASE A/B STUDY FOR BELGIAN IOD CUBESAT MISSION - EXPRO+ 14/10/19 PHOTONIC LANTERN RECEIVER (ARTES AT 5C.392, SCYLIGHT SL.016) (ON DELEGATION REQUEST) 14/10/19 HIGH ACCURACY TESTING OF INTERFEROMETRIC ANTENNA WITH LARGE BASELINE - EXPRO+ 14/10/19 P3-SWE-LI - MACHINE LEARNING IN SUPPORT OF SPACE WEATHER PREDICTION 14/10/19 WIDEBAND SOFTWARE DEFINED HUB (ARTES AT 6B.056) 14/10/19 IOD/IOV PROJECT ACTIVITIES RELATED TO EXPERIMENTS REQUIRING AGGREGATION ON A NANOSAT / CUBESAT CARRIER 13/10/19 DESIGN FOR RECYCLING - MISSION ARCHITECTURES TO MANUFACTURE, REFURBISH AND RECYCLE SATELLITES ON-ORBIT 11/10/19 FUTURE ON-BOARD PROCESSING AND INFORMATION EXTRACTION ALGORITHMS - EXPRO+ 11/10/19 ON-ORBIT MANUFACTURED SPACECRAFT - SYSTEM DESIGN IMPACTS OF ON-ORBIT MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY 11/10/19 PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF ON-ORBIT SERVICING STATION FOR SATELLITE MANUFACTURE, REFURBISH AND RECYCLE 11/10/19 ON BOARD PROCESSORS FOR REGENERATIVE PAYLOADS (ARTES AT 5C.383) 10/10/19 VERY HIGH RATE TM DOWNLINK USING GMSK WITH SIMULTANEOUS PSEUDO NOISE RANGING 10/10/19 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHYPI-FLOWER EXPERIMENT IN THE CDIC-4 EXPERIMENT MODULE FOR SOUNDING ROCKET MISSION 09/10/19 LARGE-FORMAT NIR AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE ARRAY FOR SCIENTIFIC IMAGING 09/10/19 ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SECURE POSITION-NAVIGATION-TIME USER SEGMENTS 08/10/19 DEVELOPMENT OF 4.7 THZ SCHOTTKY DEVICE AND MIXER 08/10/19 SSA P3-SWE-X: SPACE ENVIRONMENT NOWCAST AND FORECAST DEVELOPMENT - PART 1 07/10/19 IRRIGATION+ EXPRO+ 04/10/19 D2P - TDE 2019-2020 - VIRTUAL WORKPLACE FOR AIT&PA TRAINING AND OPERATIONS SUPPORT (Q3 2019) - EXPRO+ 04/10/19 GNC AND FDIR DESIGN FOR ROBUST AUTONOMOUS AEROBRAKING CORRIDOR CONTROL - EXPRO+ 04/10/19 SATELLITE AIR INTERFACE FOR RAILWAY CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS (ARTES AT 3C.018) 04/10/19 WP2016 - TECHNOLOGY TO QUANTIFY AND QUALIFY MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION ON SURFACES (PTRP) 04/10/19 ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING TO ASSESS THE AVAILABILITY OF OPTICAL LINKS THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE (ARTES SL.005) 04/10/19 INFRASTRUCTURE MAPPING AND PLANNING 03/10/19 MULTI-SCALE HEAT PIPE NETWORK FOR ACTIVE ANTENNAS (ARTES AT 4D.063) 03/10/19 BROADBAND DIPOLE ANTENNA FOR MULTI-MODE SUB-SURFACE RADAR - EXPRO+ 02/10/19 VERIFICATION AND CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES FOR LOW FREQUENCY ANTENNAS 02/10/19 CMOS IMAGE SENSOR FOR X-RAY APPLICATIONS 01/10/19 Q/V BAND LARGE SCALE SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHANNEL MODELS FOR SATCOM DESIGN AND OPERATIONS - EXPRO+ 01/10/19 WIDEBAND RF OVER IP DEMONSTRATOR (ARTES AT 6B.055) 01/10/19 19-D-T-TEC-01 COINCIDENT LASERSHEET (COLA) PARTICLE MONITOR - EXPRO+ 30/09/19 PROVISION OF COMMUNICATION SERVICES 2020-2024 30/09/19 AVIONICS MODEL BASED DESIGN SPACE EXPLORATION SUPPORT - EXPRO+ 30/09/19 P3-SWE-XLII - SPACE WEATHER IMPACT ON GNSS PERFORMANCE: APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT 30/09/19

Each month Space Industry Bulletin updates these pages with the latest ESA invitations to tender, taken from the emits pages of the ESA website. You can visit the ESA website for the full list (http://emits.sso.esa.int/emits/owa/emits.main), or usual our simple ‘quick links’ facility on the Space Industry Bulletin website at www.spaceindustrybulletin.com/tenders

www.spaceindustrybulletin.com 21 UK Space Agency spending data July grants top £6m, plus news of EO project funding

rants to from the UK Space Agency to Space Agency will use microwaves to UKSA FUNDING, ROLLING 12 MONTHS businesss hit £6,379m in July, as the examine the atmosphere in order to improve GAgency published its spending data weather forecasting. The equipment will be July 2018 6,379,275 as part of its transparancy obligations. In the tested onboard a converted aircraft but could June 2019 10,399,293 table opposite, we strip out the employee in future be deployed on small satellites or May 2019 2,962,239 expenses, training costs, the costs of other high-altitude drones. April 2019 9,915,793 professional services, costs of contractors, Other UK Space Agency supported March 2019 17,589,195 etc, to look at the grants and funding awarded projects include developing 3D printing to private businesses and universities. techniques which could lead to light-weight February 2019 2,375,306 July saw Reaction Engines as the biggest materials being used instead of metals for January 2019 1,250,118 winner in the month’s funding, adding just key components of weather satellites, December 2018 12,981,706 shy of another £2.5m to its total for the year. reducing weight and cost, and improving November 2018 10,309,213 The company has now received over £8.5m gravity measurements which are important October 2018 9,279,877 since January as it looks to test its SABRE for our understanding of climate science. September 2018 2,935,730 engine. The grants for Reaction Engines now dwarf all other funding in the sector, with Eyes and ears August 2018 7,592,231 Inmarsat coming in a distant second at less UK Space Agency CEO Graham Turnock said: Total 93,969,976 than a quarter of the funding – £2.15m for the “Earth Observation technology provides us year to the end of the July. It received a with the eyes and ears for monitoring our flat lens from the University of Glasgow which whisker over £1.06m in July, just behind planet and underpins dozens of scientific would save weight over traditional curved Ecometrica which was awarded £1.18m. Only fields, from oceanography to meteorology, so lenses and a reconfigurable software defined four companies and organisations received I’m delighted to announce this new funding radio receiver called Babel, developed by awards into five figures: Orbital Express which is being matched by industry to In-Space. Launch (£268k), the United Nations Institute maintain momentum in science innovation, The FastTrack projects include HYMAS-X, for Training and Research (£284k), AVS job creation and growth.” 3DPAMS and META-TEL from the Universities Added Value Solutions (£155k) and Vivid This investment has come through the of Cambridge, Cardiff and the National Economics (£104k). Centre for Earth Observation Instrument- Physical Laboratory which will deliver July also saw the UK Space Agency ation (CEOI), which is the UK Space Agency’s technologies to improve remote sensing of announce that ten projects would receive a national Earth Observation technology R&D the atmosphere, for more accurate weather share of £2m to develop technologies to funding programme. The ten projects forecasting and monitoring air quality. And further extend the UK’s leadership in Earth receiving a share of £2m are split into LEGO from the University of Surrey and CAGE Observation. The flagship SERMON project Pathfinder, Fastrack and Flagship categories. from Teledyne e2v will develop gravity led by RAL Space and supported by the UK The Pathfinder projects include an innovative sensors.

UK SPACE AGENCY GRANTS, JANUARY TO JULY 2019

COMPANY AMOUNT COMPANY AMOUNT COMPANY AMOUNT Reaction Engines 8,799,847 AVS Added Value Solutions UK 127,500 Downtown In Business 28,000 Inmarsat Global 2,148,658 UNDP Vietnam 126,376 University of Portsmouth 26,903 University of Leicester 1,970,174 ExactEarth Europe 116,769 The British Interplanetary Society 16,569 Lockheed Martin UK 1,880,572 NSSC Operations 105,169 Lena Space 15,000 Ecometrica 1,322,756 Deimos Space UK 95,964 Dynamic Imaging Analytics 14,837 Satellite Applications Catapult 1,055,669 Science & Discovery Centres 91,000 Lyonspace 9,800 Avanti Communications 862,927 DSTL 76,046 University of Strathclyde 9,714 Rheatech 595,478 Airborne Engineering 75,000 EU ECO Technologies 7,450 Orbital Express Launch 519,253 Winning Moves 63,273 Northern Sky Research 6,273 Rezatec 517,411 Bryce Space and Technology 63,120 Public Health England 6,258 University of Reading 511,182 Magna Parva 59,029 Techniquest 5,850 Telespazio Vega 471,166 Belstead Research 56,069 Carbomap 3,000 Stevenson Astrsat 329,078 Heliaq UK 54,535 Lacuna Space Ltd 3,000 Earth-i 304,156 Environment Systems 53,115 Orbital Access 3,000 UN Instfor Training and Research 284,478 Spacechips 46,573 University of Bristol 3,000 eOsphere 277,019 University of Sheffield 32,362 Skyrora 2,993 Vivid Economics 185,029 Nottingham Scientific 31,600

22 www.spaceindustrybulletin.com UK Space Agency spending data

UK SPACE AGENCY GRANTS/INVESTMENT, JULY 2019

DATE EXPENSE TYPE TYPE COMPANY AMOUNT 31/07/19 Capital Grants To Private Sector Grant Airborne Engineering 18,750 30/07/19 R & D Hire of Agency Staff Grant Public Health England -5,215 30/07/19 R & D Hire of Agency Staff Grant Public Health England 11,473 29/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Ecometrica 162,555 29/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Ecometrica 1,021,201 24/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Reaction Engines 650,000 24/07/19 Current Grants To Private Sector Grant University of Sheffield 7,952 24/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Reaction Engines 350,000 24/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Reaction Engines -264 24/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Reaction Engines 264,631 24/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Reaction Engines 260,679 24/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Reaction Engines 300,000 19/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant eOsphere -26,241 19/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant eOsphere 52,663 19/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant eOsphere 88,791 18/07/19 Capital Grants To Private Sector Grant Inmarsat Global -9,302 18/07/19 Capital Grants To Private Sector Grant Inmarsat Global 20,199 18/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Orbital Express Launch 268,383 17/07/19 Capital Grants To Private Sector Grant Inmarsat Global 11,217 10/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Reaction Engines 200,000 09/07/19 R & D Contractors Grant Rheatech -8,500 09/07/19 R & D Contractors Grant Rheatech 18,700 09/07/19 R & D Other Travel Grant Rheatech -20,142 09/07/19 R & D Other Travel Grant Rheatech 44,312 09/07/19 R & D Other Travel Grant Rheatech -7,358 09/07/19 R & D Contractors Grant Rheatech -3,733 09/07/19 R & D Contractors Grant Rheatech 7,467 09/07/19 R & D Other Travel Grant Rheatech 16,188 09/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Vivid Economics 33,380 09/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Vivid Economics 71,059 08/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant UN Institute for Training and Research 284,478 08/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Reaction Engines 395,000 08/07/19 Capital Grants To Private Sector Grant Airborne Engineering 37,500 05/07/19 Current Grants To Private Sector Grant AVS Added Value Solutions UK 15,000 05/07/19 Capital Grants To Private Sector Grant Spacechips 46,573 04/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Inmarsat Global 53,205 04/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Inmarsat Global 341,903 04/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Inmarsat Global 404,092 04/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant Inmarsat Global 252,663 04/07/19 Capital Grants To Private Sector Grant AVS Added Value Solutions UK 140,560 03/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Grant ExactEarth Europe 4,725

22/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Vendor CGI IT UK 6,515 19/07/19 Current Grants To Private Sector Vendor University of Cambridge 26,630 19/07/19 Current Grants To Private Sector Vendor University of Cambridge 15,000 18/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Vendor Edinburgh International Science Festival 3,500 08/07/19 Capital Grants To Private Sector Vendor University of Southampton 154,644 08/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Vendor Satellite Applications Catapult 31,904 05/07/19 Current Grants To Private Sector Vendor Airbus Defence and Space 26,142 04/07/19 Capital Grants To Private Sector Vendor DSTL 201,266 02/07/19 Capital Grants To Private Sector Vendor DSTL 54,936 02/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector Vendor DSTL 4,019

12/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector WGA only Natural Environment Research Council -12,159 12/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector WGA only Natural Environment Research Council -12,157 12/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector WGA only Natural Environment Research Council 12,160 12/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector WGA only Natural Environment Research Council 26,745 10/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector WGA only Natural Environment Research Council -13,832 10/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector WGA only Natural Environment Research Council 30,431 10/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector WGA only Science and Technology Facilities Council 3,473 10/07/19 R & D Current Grants to Private Sector WGA only Science and Technology Facilities Council 45,515 TOTAL 6,379,275

www.spaceindustrybulletin.com 23 EUROPE’S LARGEST B2B SPACE EVENT RETURNS TO BREMEN, GERMANY 19-21 NOVEMBER 2019

Space Tech Expo Europe is the continent’s major dedicated current trends, developments and challenges in the market, supply-chain and engineering event for manufacturing, as well as innovative and ground-breaking technologies. design, test and engineering services for spacecraft, subsystems and space-qualified components. New for 2019 is the smallsats conference and exhibition, dedicated to this fast growing sector of the space industry. The free-to-attend conferences bring together professionals The conference features a sellar line-up of speakers and an in the space industry in Europe and beyond to discuss outstanding agenda.

Tuesday 19 November Wednesday 20 November Thursday 21 November OPPORTUNITIES FOR EUROPE'S LEVERAGING LEO: TECH, LAUNCH DOWNSTREAM DAY AND THE SMALLSATS AND MISSION MANAGEMENT FUTURE OF SMALLSATS

12:00 Smallsat Market Forecasts, 9:30 Outlining the Challenges of 9:30 Outlining Future Data Analysis and Opportunities Power Management on Requirements to Optimise the Smallsats Transportation Industry 14:00 The Impact of New Players on the Space Industry 10:15 Advancing Imaging 10:15 Increasing Tech Capabilities Technologies: from Lidar to to Strengthen Data 15:15 What Will be the Future Orbit SAR to Hyperspectral and Applications for AgriTech, of Choice: LEO, MEO or Everything in Between Urban Management and GEO? Environmental Monitoring 11:15 How to Select the Right Propulsion Systems to 11:15 Pioneering a New Market of Enhance Sustainable Customers Through Constellations Enhanced Connectivity 13:15 Breaking Through the 13:00 Setting the Standards: Bottleneck Barrier: Going Preparing the Smallsat Forward with Small Launch Industry for the Next Frontier Services 14:15 Optimising Antenna and Ground Terminals Tech to Stay on Top 15:45 Enhancing Manufacturing, Mission Control and Data Management Through Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Decision Making

www.spacetechexpo.eu