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Identifying marks on coins

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Main page Before the introduction of the euro, the current members issued their own individual national coinage, most of which featured Contents mint marks, privy marks and/or mint master marks. These marks have been continued as a part of the national designs of the , Current events as well. This article serves to list the information about the various types of identifying marks on euro coins, including engraver and Random article designer initials and the unique edge inscriptions found on the €2 coins. About Wikipedia Contact us Contents [hide] Donate 1 Date stamps on euro coins

Contribute 1.1 Mintage date Help 1.2 Issue date Learn to edit 1.3 Conclusion Community portal 2 National identifying marks of euro coins Recent changes 3 Mint marks Upload file 4 Mint master marks and privy marks

Tools 4.1 What links here 4.2 Related changes 4.3 Special pages 4.4 Permanent link 4.5 Page information 4.6 Cite this page 4.7 Wikidata item 5 Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on euro coins Print/export 5.1 Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on standard euro coins Download as PDF Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Printable version 5.2 Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on €2 commemorative coins 6 €2 edge inscriptions Languages 6.1 Standard issue €2 edge inscriptions Ελληνικά 6.2 Commemorative issue €2 edge inscriptions Nederlands Edit links 7 Notes 8 References

Date stamps on euro coins [ edit ]

Since the euro was officially introduced in 1999, most of the EMU member countries began producing their coins ahead of the 2002 introduction date. There is individual national legislation in place which governs the mintage of coins issued from each country. These coinage acts regulate the coin production parameters for each country.

Mintage date [ edit ]

The coinage acts of countries with a mintage date stipulation specify that the year the coin is minted, regardless of when the coins are issued, should appear on each coin. Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands and have mintage date stipulations.

Issue date [ edit ]

The coinage acts of countries with an issue date stipulation specify that the year the coin is issued, regardless of when the coins are minted, should appear on each coin. , , , Ireland, , Luxembourg, , and the have issue date stipulations.

Conclusion [ edit ]

Since the euro was first issued in 2002, the countries which have an issue date stipulation are all dated 2002 onward, even though these coins were minted in previous years to prepare for the adoption of the euro. As a result, there are no euro coins dated 1999, 2000 and 2001 issued from countries with an issue date stipulation. Luxembourg has no domestic mint, so their coins are minted elsewhere. Regardless of the mintage location of these coins, the issue date stipulation in their coinage act must be followed by whichever country mints their coins and the date stamp is therefore applied accordingly. Since Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City do not have their own coinage acts, the date stamp is applied in accordance with the coinage act of whichever country mints these coins. France produces

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD the euro coins for Monaco and follows the mintage date stipulation; it began minting Monégasque euro coins only in 2001, since the mintage quantities were so low. Sammarinese and Vatican euro coins are minted in Italy and follow the issue date stipulation.

National identifying marks of euro coins [ edit ]

As per a recommendation defined by the Economic and Financial Affairs Council of the ,[1] the national designs of each member's euro coin should contain a national identification in the form of spelling or abbreviation of the country's name. Of the fifteen members of the Eurozone at the time these recommendations were made, five national designs—those of Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany and Greece—did not meet the criteria outlined. Of these five, two (Finland in 2007 and Belgium in 2008) have changed or amended their design to follow these recommendations, and the other three are expected to follow suit in the coming years.

National identifying marks on euro coins by country Country Type Description Image Text ANDORRA

Austria Symbol Flag of Austria

Symbol Monogram of King Albert II Belgium

Abbreviation BE (België/Belgique/Belgien in Dutch, French and German)[2] Text ΚΥΠΡΟΣ/KIBRIS (in both Greek and Turkish) Text EESTI (Estonia) Finland Abbreviation FI (Finland)[3] France Abbreviation stylised RF (République française) Germany Symbol Eagle Greece none Text / Ireland ÉIRE (in Gaelic type) Harp Symbol

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Italy Abbreviation stylised RI (Repubblica Italiana) Text LATVIJA Text LIETUVA Luxembourg Text LËTZEBUERG (Luxembourg in Luxembourgish) Text MALTA Monaco Text MONACO WILLEM-ALEXANDER KONING DER NEDERLANDEN (Willem Netherlands Text Alexander, King of the Netherlands) Portugal Text PORTUGAL San Marino Text SAN MARINO Text SLOVENSKO Slovenia Text SLOVENIJA

Spain Text ESPAÑA

Vatican City Text CITTÀ DEL VATICANO (Vatican City)

Mint marks [ edit ]

The use of mint marks on euro coins takes one of these three forms:

a single letter representing a city or country the abbreviation of the country's mint the symbol of the country's mint

Mint marks on euro coins by country Country Mint Mint mark Mint mark Notes

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD location description Head of archangel St. Prior to 2008, Belgian marks had only been used on commemorative Belgium Brussels Michael, issues. Since 2008, the marks are used on both standard issue and patron saint commemorative issue coins. of Brussels. Logo of the Finland [3] Rahapaja Oy mint Cornucopia, Different of France Pessac the Monnaie de Paris[4] German A for Berlin, D for Munich, F for Stuttgart, G for Karlsruhe, J for Euro coins Hamburg, are minted Germany A, D, F, G, J Letters at 5 while B, C, E and H used to be mint locations that had been closed locations in prior to the introduction of the euro. Germany E for Spain (España), F for France, S for Finland (Suomi). The initial supply of Greek euro coins were produced at three Madrid, E (20c), locations, in addition to the Athens mint, due to their late entry into Spain F (1c, 2c, the European Monetary Union (EMU) just before the introduction Pessac, 5c, 10c and date on 1 January 2002; only certain denominations of Greek coins Greece (2002) France Letters 50c), with the date stamp of "2002" have these mint marks. Greek euro Vantaa, S[5] (€1 and coins dated 2002 without these mint marks were produced in Athens, Finland €2) Greece. Athens All Greek euro coins bear the standard Greek mint mark symbol of the Athens mint.

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Greece (2002– Athens Stylised present) acanthus leaf Italy Rome R Letter Lietuvos monetų kalykla Lithuania Vilnius (Lithuanian Mint House, LMK) logo Mercury's wand, the logo of the Luxembourg (2002– Utrecht, Koninklijke 2004) Netherlands Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) Letter, logo Luxembourg (2005– Vantaa, of the S,[5] 2006) Finland Rahapaja Oy mint Letter, F, Cornucopia, Luxembourg (2007– Pessac, Different of 2008) France the Monnaie de Paris[4] Luxembourg (2009– Utrecht, Mercury's present) Netherlands wand, the logo of the Koninklijke

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) Paris, Malta (2008–2009) F Letter France Cornucopia, Different of Pessac, Monaco the Monnaie France de Paris[4] (Paris Mint) Mercury's wand, the logo of the Netherlands Utrecht Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) Mennica Poland is not yet part of the Eurozone. When the euro is introduced, Polska this is the mintmark which will be used. Poland Warsaw (Polish Mint) The Polish Mint logo is the letter M on top of the letter W and comes logo from Mennica Warszawa or Warsaw Mint Imprensa Nacional – Casa de Moeda Portugal Lisbon INCM (National Currency – Mint House) abbreviation

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD San Marino Rome, Italy R Letter Mincovňa Kremnica Slovakia Kremnica (Kremnican Mint, MK) logo Vantaa, Slovenia (2007) Fi[5] Abbreviation Finland Mercury's wand, the logo of the Slovenia (2008– Utrecht, Koninklijke present) Netherlands Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre Spain Madrid (National Factory of Currency and Stamps) logo Vatican Rome, Italy R Letter

Mint master marks and privy marks [ edit ]

Mint master marks or privy marks are symbols representing directors, chief engravers or chief executive officers of mints.

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Belgium [ edit ]

The directors of the Monnaie Royale de Belgique/Koninklijke Munt van België (Royal Belgian Mint) in Brussels uses mint master's marks on all €2 commemorative coins and on all Belgian euro coins with a datestamp from 2008 onwards minted at this location.

Mint master marks on Belgian euro coins Mark Mark description Name of mint master Coin dates 1999–2009 (€2 commemorative coins) Scale Romain Coenen 2008–2009 (standard issue euro coins) 2009-2012 (€2 commemorative coins) [6] Quill Serge Lesens 2010–2012 (standard issue euro coins) 2012-2016 (Commemorative coins) [7] Cat Bernard Gillard 2013-2016 (standard issue euro coins) [8] Coat of arms Ingrid van Herzele 2017–present

Finland [ edit ]

The director of the Rahapaja Oy (, LTD.) mint in -Vantaa used a mint master's mark on minted at this location with the date stamp between 1999 and 2006.

Mint master mark on Finnish euro coins 1999–2006 Mark Mark description Name of mint master Coin dates M Letter Raimo Makkonen 1999–2006

France [ edit ]

The directors of Monnaie de Paris in Pessac use mint master's marks on all French euro coins minted at this location.

Mint master marks on French euro coins Mark Mark description Name of mint master Coin dates

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Bee Pierre Rodier 1999–2000

Horseshoe Gérard Buquoy 2001–2002

Stylised heart with the initials of the mint master Serge Levet 2003

Hunting horn, a wave and a fish Hubert Larivière 2004–2010 [4]

[9] Pentagon with letters AG, MP and YS Yves Sampo 2011–present

Luxembourg [ edit ]

Luxembourg euro coins dated 2002 were minted in the Netherlands in 2000 and thus bear the mint master mark of E. J. van Schauwenburg, Temporary Director of the Utrecht Mint during the year of coin production. The Coinage Act of Luxembourg stipulates that national coins cannot have a date stamp prior to the year of issue. Therefore, Luxembourg euro coins bear the mint master mark of the Temporary Director at the time of minting, despite the date on the coins.

Coins dated 2003–2004 bear the mint master mark of Maarten Brouwer, Director of the Utrecht Mint from 2003–2015. Luxembourgian euro coins dated 2005–2006 were produced at Rahapaja Oy, in Helsinki-Vantaa, Finland. Since the mint director does not affix a mint master mark to coins in production at that location, these coins do not bear a mint master mark.

Luxembourg euro coins dated 2007-2008 were produced at Monnaie de Paris, in Pessac, France and bear the mint master mark of Hubert Larivière, Director of the Paris Mint. As of 2009, coins are again minted at the Royal Dutch Mint in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Until 2015 it was again the mint master mark of Maarten Brouwer. From 2016-2017 Kees Bruinsma was the Temporary Director of the Utrecht Mint.

Luxembourg is the only member of the Eurozone to have all of their coins produced at three different foreign mints.

Mint master marks on Luxembourgian euro coins Mark Mark description Name of mint master Coin dates

Bow and arrow with a star[10] E. J. van Schauwenburg 2002

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Sailboat Maarten Brouwer 2003–2004

[4] Hunting horn, a wave and a fish Hubert Larivière 2007–2008

Sailboat Maarten Brouwer 2009–2015

Sailboat with a star[10] Kees Bruinsma 2016–2017

Monaco [ edit ]

Monegasque euro coins are produced by Monnaie de Paris, in Pessac, France beginning in 2001 and thus bear the mint master mark of Gérard Buquoy, Serge Levet, Hubert Larivière and Yves Sampo Directors of the Mint from 2001–2002, 2003, 2004–2010 and 2011– present respectively.

Mint master marks on Monegasque euro coins Mark Mark description Name of mint master Coin dates

Horseshoe Gérard Buquoy 2001–2002

Stylised heart with the initials of the mint master Serge Levet 2003

Hunting horn, a wave and a fish Hubert Larivière 2004–2010[11] [4]

[9] Pentagon with letters AG, MP and YS Yves Sampo 2011–present

Netherlands [ edit ]

The mint masters of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) in Utrecht use mint master's marks on all Dutch euro coins minted at this location.[12]

Mint master marks on Dutch euro coins Mark Mark description Name of mint master Coin dates

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Bow and arrow Drs. Chr. van Draanen 1999

Bow and arrow with a star[10] E. J. van Schauwenburg 2000

Vine branch and fruits R. Bruens 2001

Vine branch and fruits with a star[10] Maarten Brouwer 2002

Sailboat Maarten Brouwer 2003–2015

Sailboat with a star[10] Kees Bruinsma 2016–2017 [13] Bridge Stephan Satijn 2017–present

Slovenia [ edit ]

Slovenian euro coins dated 2008 were produced at Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and bear the mint master mark of Maarten Brouwer, director of the Royal Dutch Mint from 2003 until 2015.

Mint master mark on Slovenian euro coins 2008 Mark Mark description Name of mint master Coin dates

Sailboat Maarten Brouwer 2008

Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on euro coins [ edit ]

Each country had the opportunity to design its own national side of the euro coin. Most coins bear the initials or the name of the designer somewhere in the national design. For example, all eight motives of the common reverse sides of the euro coins bear the stylised initials

"LL" for Luc Luycx.

Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on standard euro coins [ edit ]

Inscriptions of initials on standard issue euro coins by country

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Euro coin Inscription image Inscription text Name Title denomination France

1, 2, 5 cent F. COURTIADE Fabienne Courtiade designer

[15] 10, 20, 50 cent [14] L. JORIO d'ap. O.ROTY Laurent Jorio, Oscar Roty designer

1, 2 euro J. JIMENEZ Joaquim Jimenez designer

Greece

All denominations ΓΣ (stylised) Georges Stamatopoulos designer

Italy

1 cent ED (stylised) Eugenio Driutti engraver

2 cent LDS (stylised) Luciana De Simoni engraver

5 cent ELF Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini engraver

10 cent CM Claudia Momoni engraver

20 cent M.A.C. Maria Angela Cassol engraver

50 cent M (stylised) Roberto Mauri engraver

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD 1 euro LC (stylised) Laura Cretara engraver

2 euro M.C.C. Maria Carmela Colaneri engraver

Luxembourg

All denominations YGC (stylised) Yvette Gastauer-Claire designer

Malta

1, 2 and 5 cent NGB Noel Galea Bason designer

Portugal

Vítor Manuel Fernandes dos All denominations VS (stylised) designer Santos

San Marino

All denominations Ch (stylised) Frantisek Chochola sculptor

All denominations ELF INC.[16] Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini engraver

Slovakia

1, 2, 5 cent Z Drahomír Zobek designer

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD 10, 20, 50 cent JČ (stylised) and 'PK' Ján Černaj and Pavol Károly designers (stylised)

1, 2 euro IŘ (stylised) Ivan Řehák designer

Vatican City (first series)

Guido Veroi (sculptor) 1, 2 and 5 cent GV • UP INC.[16] Uliana Pernazza (engraver)

Guido Veroi (sculptor) 10, 20 and 50 cent GV • UP INC.[16] Uliana Pernazza (engraver)

Guido Veroi (sculptor) 1 and 2 euro GV • UP INC.[16] [14] Uliana Pernazza (engraver)

Vatican City (second series)

All denominations D. LONGO Daniela Longo sculptor

1 cent M.A.C. INC.[16] Maria Angela Cassol engraver

2 cent LDS (stylised) INC.[16] Luciana De Simoni engraver

5 cent ELF INC.[16] Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini engraver

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD 10 cent M.C.C. INC.[16] Maria Carmela Colaneri engraver

20 cent M.A.C. INC.[16] Maria Angela Cassol engraver

50 cent LDS (stylised) INC.[16] Luciana De Simoni engraver

1 euro ELF INC.[16] Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini engraver

2 euro M.C.C. INC.[16] Maria Carmela Colaneri engraver

Vatican City (third series)

All denominations D.L. Daniela Longo sculptor

1 and 2 cent LDS INC.[16] Luciana De Simoni engraver

5 cent ELF INC.[16] Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini engraver

10 cent M.C.C. INC.[16] Maria Carmela Colaneri engraver

20 and 50 cent M.A.C. INC.[16] Maria Angela Cassol engraver

1 euro ELF INC.[16] Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini engraver

2 euro M.C.C. INC.[16] Maria Carmela Colaneri engraver

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on €2 commemorative coins [ edit ]

Inscriptions of initials on €2 commemorative coins by year Inscription Country Inscription text Name Title image 2004

Pertti Mäkinen (designer) Finland M M Raimo Makkonen (mint master)

Italy UP (stylised) Uliana Pernazza engraver

San E.L.F. Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini engraver Marino

VEROI Guido Veroi (designer) Vatican [16] [14] L.D.S. INC. Luciana De Simoni (engraver)

2005

Belgium LL (stylised) Luc Luycx designer

Finland K Tapio Kettunen designer

Italy M.C.C. Maria Carmela Colaneri engraver

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD San LDS (stylised) INC.[16] Luciana De Simoni engraver Marino

Daniela Longo (designer) LONGO Vatican [16] Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini [14] ELF INC. (engraver)

2006

M (the two marks reflect the mirror motif of the Finland Raimo Makkonen mint master coin)

Germany HH Heinz Hoyer designer

Italy M.C.C. Maria Carmela Colaneri engraver

San LDS (stylised) Luciana De Simoni engraver Marino

O.ROSSI Orietta Rossi (designer) Vatican MCC INC.[16] Maria Carmela Colaneri (engraver)

2007 Germany HH Heinz Hoyer designer

Monaco R.B.BARON R. B. Baron designer

Portugal I Vilar (signature) Irene Vilar designer

[17]

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD San E.L.F. Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini engraver Marino

LONGO Daniela Longo (designer) Vatican MCC INC.[16] Maria Carmela Colaneri (engraver)

2008

Finland K Tapio Kettunen sculptor

Germany OE (stylised) Erich Ott designer

Italy MCC Maria Carmela Colaneri engraver San E.L.F. Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini engraver Marino [14]

Vatican VEROI Guido Veroi engraver

€2 edge inscriptions [ edit ]

With each member of the Eurozone comes a set of individual coin designs. Included in the individuality of the national obverse face of the euro coins, whose design is left to the member states, is the edge of the €2 coin. Each member was allowed to design a unique inscription that would appear on the €2 coin's edge. Some of these edge inscriptions are carried over from the coins of the yielded currencies in circulation prior to the introduction of the euro.

Standard issue €2 edge inscriptions [ edit ]

Standard €2 edge inscriptions by country Country Edge inscription Description

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Austria The sequence "2 EURO ★★★" repeated four times alternately upright and inverted. Belgium, France, The sequence "2 ★ ★" repeated six times alternately upright Ireland, Luxembourg, and inverted. Monaco, Spain The sequence "2 ΕΥΡΩ 2 EURO" repeated twice (2 EURO in Cyprus Greek and Turkish). Estonia "EESTI ○" (ESTONIA in Estonian) upright and inverted. "SUOMI FINLAND" (FINLAND in Finnish and Swedish, the two Finland official languages in Finland), followed by three lion's heads. "EINIGKEIT UND RECHT UND FREIHEIT" (UNITY AND JUSTICE AND FREEDOM in German), Germany's national Germany motto and the beginning of Germany's national anthem, followed by the Federal Eagle. "ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ ★" (ELLINIKI DIMOKRATIA ★: Greece "HELLENIC REPUBLIC" in Greek). Italy, San Marino, The sequence "2 ★" repeated six times alternately upright and Vatican inverted. Latvia "DIEVS ★ SVĒTĪ ★ LATVIJU ★" (GOD BLESS LATVIA) "LAISVĖ ★ VIENYBĖ ★ GEROVĖ ★" ("Freedom, Unity, Lithuania Prosperity" in Lithuanian) The sequence "2✠✠" repeated six times alternately upright and Malta inverted "GOD ★ ZIJ ★ MET ★ ONS ★" (GOD BE WITH US in Dutch). Netherlands The same lettering had been applied to the larger denomination guilder coins. The edge design features the seven castles and five coats of Portugal arms also found on the national side, all equally spaced.

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD Slovakia "SLOVENSKÁ REPUBLIKA" (SLOVAK REPUBLIC in Slovak) with two stars and linden leaf between. Slovenia "SLOVENIJA •" (SLOVENIA in Slovene)

Commemorative issue €2 edge inscriptions [ edit ]

Generally the edge inscription of a €2 does not change from the standard issue counterpart. There are a few exceptions.

Commemorative €2 edge inscriptions by issue date Year and Edge inscription Description Country "YK 1945–2005 FN" ("UN 1945–2005 UN" in Finnish and Swedish, the official languages of Finland) followed by three lion's heads. "YK" stands for 2005, "Yhdistyneet Kansakunnat" and "FN" stands for "Förenta Nationerna". Issued Finland to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations and Finland's 50 year membership in the UN.[18] "ROMFÖRDRAGET 50 ÅR EUROPA" (" 50 YEARS " in Swedish, one of the official languages of Finland. The same 2007, words in Finnish - "ROOMAN SOPIMUS 50 V EUROOPPA" - appear on the Finland face of this coin). Issued to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome.[19]

Notes [ edit ]

1. ^ "OJ 2005/ L 186/1" (PDF). Official Journal of the European 4. ^ a b c d e f "Monnaie de Paris "About our mint master's mark" " . Union. 18 July 2005. Archived from the original on 2008-05-05. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 2. ^ As applied to the 2008 amended design onward. 5. ^ a b c Coins minted in Finland have "FI", "F" or "S" as the mint 3. ^ a b As applied to the 2007 amended design onward. mark. 6. ^ http://markyourcoin.weebly.com/lesens-serge.html

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD 7. ^ https://www.catawiki.com/catalog/coins/privy-marks/1825881-cat- 14. ^ a b c d e The image has been rotated 90 degrees clockwise for bernard-gillard-2012-2016 presentation purposes. 8. ^ https://www.hln.be/regio/wapenschild-van-herzele-op- 15. ^ In 1898, Oscar Roty created the famous character of La Semeuse euromunten~a1e21909/ (the Sower) for the silver coins of the 3rd Republic. The 'Sower' is 9. ^ a b http://www.muenzenwoche.de/de/Archiv/8?&id=566&type=n represented on the 10, 20 and 50 cent French euro coins. The 10. ^ a b c d e The star represents a temporary director. original design of that character is attributed to him in this 11. ^ There are no Monegasque coins issued into general circulation inscription. with this mint master mark on them. Coins minted from 2004–2006 16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w INC is the Italian were minted in proof quality for collector sets only and none were abbreviation for 'engraver'. produced in 2007. 17. ^ The image has been rotated 90 degrees counter-clockwise for 12. ^ The span between 1999 and 2003 marks the first time in Dutch presentation purposes. currency history where five different mint master's marks were used 18. ^ 2005 commemorative euro coins from the European in consecutive years. Commission 13. ^ http://www.knm.nl/onthulling-nieuw- 19. ^ Celebrating 50 years of Europe with the euro from the muntmeesterteken/nl/news/990/

References [ edit ] Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (2007-10-23). "Muntmeesterteken" . Archived from the original on 2008-02-05. Retrieved 2007-10-23. "" . 2007-10-23. Archived from the original on 2007-10-19. Retrieved 2007-10-23. Mintmarks "The Euro- Information Website" Check |url= value (help). 2008-01-05. Retrieved 2008-01-05. Mint Master Marks "The Euro- Information Website" Check |url= value (help). 2007-01-05. Retrieved 2008-01-05. National Identification "The Euro- Information Website" Check |url= value (help). 2007-01-05. Retrieved 2008-01-05.

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This page was last edited on 21 January 2020, at 07:16 (UTC).

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