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Tolerance of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail to Various Decontamination Procedures Christopher N

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Tolerance of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail to Various Decontamination Procedures Christopher N Lawrence University Lux Lawrence University Honors Projects Spring 6-3-2015 Tolerance of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail To Various Decontamination Procedures Christopher N. Acy Lawrence University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lux.lawrence.edu/luhp Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Environmental Education Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons © Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Recommended Citation Acy, Christopher N., "Tolerance of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail To Various Decontamination Procedures" (2015). Lawrence University Honors Projects. 76. https://lux.lawrence.edu/luhp/76 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by Lux. It has been accepted for inclusion in Lawrence University Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of Lux. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tolerance of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail To Various Decontamination Procedures Christopher Norris Acy A Thesis Submitted in Candidacy for Honors at Graduation from Lawrence University May 2015 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor on this project, Dr. Bart De Stasio. His insight and tutoring in the scientific writing process and data interpretation were invaluable. Zoe Psarouthakis was essential as a partner and lab mate as this project would not have been possible without her help. Her aid in scientific ideas and in the running of these experiments is very much appreciated. Both Dr. Beth De Stasio and Katherine Barie provided thoughts and suggestions on the introduction that greatly improved the overall quality of the section. i Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Aquatic Invasive Species and Impacts .................................................................................... 2 Morphology ............................................................................................................................. 3 Preferred Habitats ................................................................................................................... 4 Physiology ................................................................................................................................ 5 Population Control .................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction to the United States ........................................................................................... 8 Transportation Vectors ............................................................................................................ 9 Management and Control ..................................................................................................... 10 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 12 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 13 Animal Collection ................................................................................................................... 13 Snail Length and Operculum Measurements ........................................................................ 13 Experimental Setup ............................................................................................................... 14 Test Materials ........................................................................................................................ 16 Decontamination Solutions ................................................................................................... 17 Time of Experiments .............................................................................................................. 19 Confidence Intervals .............................................................................................................. 20 Calculations ........................................................................................................................... 21 Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 22 Controls ................................................................................................................................. 22 Shell Length and Operculum Opening ................................................................................... 22 Spray vs. Immersion Technique Effectiveness ...................................................................... 24 Effect of Mud ......................................................................................................................... 26 Effect on Different Materials ................................................................................................. 30 Virkon and Bleach Recommendations .................................................................................. 35 Salt as Decontamination Chemical ........................................................................................ 38 ii Overall Effectiveness ............................................................................................................. 39 Discussion .............................................................................................................................................. 42 Recommended Treatment .................................................................................................... 42 Spray vs. Immersion Technique ............................................................................................ 43 Effect of Mud ......................................................................................................................... 44 Effect of Material ................................................................................................................... 45 Broader Application ............................................................................................................... 45 Risks ....................................................................................................................................... 48 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................... 49 iii List of Figures Fig. 1: New Zealand Mud Snail Identification and Operculum ....................................................... 4 Fig. 2: Distribution Map of the New Zealand Mud Snail in the United States................................ 9 Fig. 3: General Procedure for Test Method .................................................................................. 15 Fig. 4: Standard Test Procedure .................................................................................................... 16 Fig. 5: Shell and Operculum Opening Lengths ............................................................................. 23 Fig. 6: Relationship between Shell Length and Operculum Opening .......................................... 23 Fig. 7: Snail Survivorship with Formula 409: Immersion and Spray ............................................ 25 Fig. 8: Snail Survivorship with Formula 409 & Mud: Immersion and Spray ................................ 29 Fig. 9: Comparison of Material Effect on Snail Survivorship ........................................................ 34 Fig. 10: Effect of Virkon Aquatic on NZMS Survivorship ............................................................... 37 Fig. 11: Effect of 400 ppm Bleach on NZMS Survivorship ............................................................. 38 Fig. 12: Effect of Salt on NZMS Survivorship ................................................................................. 39 Fig. 13: 95% Confidence Intervals of Snail Survivorship: Immersion Technique .......................... 40 Fig. 14: 95% Confidence Intervals of Snail Survivorship: Spray Technique .................................. 41 iv List of Tables Table 1: Physiological Range of NZMS ............................................................................................ 6 Table 2: Summary of Solutions, Materials, and Techniques Tested ............................................. 19 Table 3: Summary of Tested Times and Combinations ................................................................ 20 Table 4: Controls ........................................................................................................................... 22 Table 5: Two-Way ANOVA: Immersion and Spray ........................................................................ 26 Table 6: Two-Way ANOVA: Mud ................................................................................................... 30 Table 7: Two-Way ANOVA: Material ............................................................................................ 35 Table 8: Two-Way ANOVA: 400 ppm Bleach ................................................................................ 38 Table 9: Two-Way ANOVA: Salt ...................................................................................................
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