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Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of SSU Rrna Gene of Five Microsporidia
Curr Microbiol (2010) 60:30–37 DOI 10.1007/s00284-009-9495-7 Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of SSU rRNA Gene of Five Microsporidia ShiNan Dong Æ ZhongYuan Shen Æ Li Xu Æ Feng Zhu Received: 21 May 2009 / Accepted: 24 August 2009 / Published online: 19 September 2009 Ó The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The complete small subunit rRNA (SSU to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic rRNA) gene sequences of five microsporidia including status of microsporidian species by analyzing information Nosema heliothidis, and four novel microsporidia isolated from SSU rRNA sequences of microsporidia. from Pieris rapae, Phyllobrotica armta, Hemerophila atrilineata, and Bombyx mori, respectively, were obtained by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing. Two Introduction phylogenetic trees based on SSU rRNA sequences had been constructed by using Neighbor-Joining of Phylip Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that infect software and UPGMA of MEGA4.0 software. The taxo- a broad range of invertebrates and humans, they were nomic status of four novel microsporidia was determined recognized as a causative agent for many hosts including by analysis of phylogenetic relationship, length, G?C insects, fishes, rodents, and primates. In 1857, the first content, identity, and divergence of the SSU rRNA microsporidian species—N. bombycis was described by sequences. The results showed that the microsporidia iso- Nageli [1]. Until now, more than 1,200 microsporidia lated from Pieris rapae, Phyllobrotica armta, and He- species belonging to *150 genera have been reported merophila atrilineata have close phylogenetic relationship [2, 3]. with the Nosema, while another microsporidium isolated The adaptation of microsporidia to a parasitic lifestyle from Bombyx mori is closely related to the Endoreticulatus. -
The New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum (J.E
BioInvasions Records (2019) Volume 8, Issue 2: 287–300 CORRECTED PROOF Research Article The New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray, 1853) (Tateidae, Mollusca) in the Iberian Peninsula: temporal patterns of distribution Álvaro Alonso1,*, Pilar Castro-Díez1, Asunción Saldaña-López1 and Belinda Gallardo2 1Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Unidad Docente de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain 2Department of Biodiversity and Restoration. Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC). Avda. Montaña 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain Author e-mails: [email protected] (ÁA), [email protected] (PCD), [email protected] (ASL), [email protected] (BG) *Corresponding author Citation: Alonso Á, Castro-Díez P, Saldaña-López A, Gallardo B (2019) The Abstract New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray, 1853) (Tateidae, Invasive exotic species (IES) are one of the most important threats to aquatic Mollusca) in the Iberian Peninsula: ecosystems. To ensure the effective management of these species, a comprehensive temporal patterns of distribution. and thorough knowledge on the current species distribution is necessary. One of BioInvasions Records 8(2): 287–300, those species is the New Zealand mudsnail (NZMS), Potamopyrgus antipodarum https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2019.8.2.11 (J.E. Gray, 1853) (Tateidae, Mollusca), which is invasive in many parts of the Received: 7 September 2018 world. The current knowledge on the NZMS distribution in the Iberian Peninsula is Accepted: 4 February 2019 limited to presence/absence information per province, with poor information at the Published: 29 April 2019 watershed scale. The present study aims to: 1) update the distribution of NZMS in Handling editor: Elena Tricarico the Iberian Peninsula, 2) describe its temporal changes, 3) identify the invaded habitats, Thematic editor: David Wong and 4) assess the relation between its abundance and the biological quality of fluvial systems. -
Holomuzki.Pdf (346.7Kb)
Available online at www.nznaturalsciences.org.nz Same enemy, same response: predator avoidance by an invasive and native snail Joseph R. Holomuzki1,3 & Barry J. F. Biggs2 1Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Mansfield, Ohio, U.S.A. 2National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited, Christch- urch, New Zealand 3Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] (Received 21 December 2011, revised and accepted 25 April 2012) Abstract Novel or highly effective antipredator traits can facilitate successful invasions by prey species. Previous studies have documented that both the native New Zealand snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, and the highly successful, worldwide invader Physella (Physa) acuta, seek benthic cover to avoid fish predators. We asked whether an invasive, South Island population of Physella has maintained this avoidance response, and if so, how it compared to that of Potamopyrgus that has coevolved with native fish. We compared patterns of sediment surface and subsurface use between snail species and between sizes of conspecifics both in a 2nd –order reach with predatory fish and in a laboratory experiment where fish presence (common bullies [Gobiomorphus cotidianus]) was manipulated. Both snails sought protective sediment subsurfaces when with bullies. Proportionally, sediment subsurface use both in field collections and in fish treatments in the experiment were similar between species. Field-captured bullies ate more Physella than Potamoprygus, suggesting different consumptive risks, but overall, few snails were consumed. Instream densities and sizes (shell length) of Physella were greatest on cobbles, where most (>90%) egg masses were found. Potamopyrgus densities were evenly distributed across sand, gravel, and cobbles. -
Filling Gaps in the Microsporidian Tree: Rdna Phylogeny of Chytridiopsis Typographi (Microsporidia: Chytridiopsida)
Parasitology Research (2019) 118:169–180 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-6130-1 GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND PHYLOGENY - ORIGINAL PAPER Filling gaps in the microsporidian tree: rDNA phylogeny of Chytridiopsis typographi (Microsporidia: Chytridiopsida) Daniele Corsaro1 & Claudia Wylezich2 & Danielle Venditti1 & Rolf Michel3 & Julia Walochnik4 & Rudolf Wegensteiner5 Received: 7 August 2018 /Accepted: 23 October 2018 /Published online: 12 November 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic parasites of animals, characterized by unusual morphological and genetic features. They can be divided in three main groups, the classical microsporidians presenting all the features of the phylum and two putative primitive groups, the chytridiopsids and metchnikovellids. Microsporidia originated from microsporidia-like organisms belong- ing to a lineage of chytrid-like endoparasites basal or sister to the Fungi. Genetic and genomic data are available for all members, except chytridiopsids. Herein, we filled this gap by obtaining the rDNA sequence (SSU-ITS-partial LSU) of Chytridiopsis typographi (Chytridiopsida), a parasite of bark beetles. Our rDNA molecular phylogenies indicate that Chytridiopsis branches earlier than metchnikovellids, commonly thought ancestral, forming the more basal lineage of the Microsporidia. Furthermore, our structural analyses showed that only classical microsporidians present 16S-like SSU rRNA and 5.8S/LSU rRNA gene fusion, whereas the standard eukaryote rRNA gene structure, although slightly reduced, is still preserved in the primitive microsporidians, including 18S-like SSU rRNA with conserved core helices, and ITS2-like separating 5.8S from LSU. Overall, our results are consistent with the scenario of an evolution from microsporidia-like rozellids to microsporidians, however suggesting for metchnikovellids a derived position, probably related to marine transition and adaptation to hyperparasitism. -
Effects of Genotypic and Phenotypic Variation on Establishment Are Important for Conservation, Invasion, and Infection Biology
Effects of genotypic and phenotypic variation on establishment are important for conservation, invasion, and infection biology Anders Forsman1 Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden Edited by Ilkka Hanski, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and approved December 2, 2013 (received for review September 20, 2013) There is abundant evidence that the probability of successful that more diverse groups harbor preadapted phenotypes, i.e., establishment in novel environments increases with number of a sampling effect (15, 16), niche complementarity resulting from individuals in founder groups and with number of repeated intro- reduced competition in groups where different phenotypes ex- ductions. Theory posits that the genotypic and phenotypic variation ploit different resources (17, 18), and facilitation, i.e., when the among individuals should also be important, but few studies have presence of one genotype or phenotype promotes the success of examined whether founder diversity influences establishment in- other phenotypes (19, 20). In addition, diverse populations of dependent of propagule pressure, nor whether the effect is model animals and plants may be less vulnerable to predators, diseases, or context dependent. I summarize the results of 18 experimental and pathogens (21, 22). Finally, genetic and phenotypic variation studies and report on a metaanalysis that provides strong evidence may promote population persistence because it buffers against that higher levels of genotypic and phenotypic diversity in founder selection in changing environments and enables adaptations to groups increase establishment success in plants and animals. The novel and changing conditions (10, 23–25). The above mecha- effect of diversity is stronger in experiments carried out under nisms are neither exhaustive nor mutually exclusive. -
Evolutionary and Functional Studies on Microsporidian ATP-Binding
Infection, Genetics and Evolution 68 (2019) 136–144 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Infection, Genetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meegid Evolutionary and functional studies on microsporidian ATP-binding T cassettes: Insights into the adaptation of microsporidia to obligated intracellular parasitism Qiang Hea, Charles R. Vossbrinckc, Qiong Yangd, Xian-Zhi Menga, Jian Luoa, Guo-Qing Pana, ⁎ ⁎ Ze-Yang Zhoua,b, , Tian Lia, a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China b College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China c Department of Soil and Water, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA d Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters comprise the largest family of transmembrane proteins and are found in Microsporidian all domains of life. The ABCs are involved in a variety of biological processes and as exporters play important ABC transporter roles in multidrug resistance. However, the ABC transporters have not been addressed in microsporidia, which Genome are a very large group of obligate intracellular parasites that can infect nearly all animals, including humans. Evolution Here, a total of 234 ABC transporters were identified from 18 microsporidian genomes and classified intofive Nosema bombycis subfamilies, including 74 ABCBs, 2 ABCCs, 18 ABCEs, 15 ABCFs, 102 ABCGs and 23 uncategorized members. Two subfamilies, ABCA and ABCD, are found in most organisms, but lost in microsporidia. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that microsporidian ABCB and ABCG subfamilies expanded by recent gene duplications, which re- sulted in the two largest subfamilies in microsporidia. -
Tolerance of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail to Various Decontamination Procedures Christopher N
Lawrence University Lux Lawrence University Honors Projects Spring 6-3-2015 Tolerance of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail To Various Decontamination Procedures Christopher N. Acy Lawrence University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lux.lawrence.edu/luhp Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Environmental Education Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons © Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Recommended Citation Acy, Christopher N., "Tolerance of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail To Various Decontamination Procedures" (2015). Lawrence University Honors Projects. 76. https://lux.lawrence.edu/luhp/76 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by Lux. It has been accepted for inclusion in Lawrence University Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of Lux. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tolerance of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail To Various Decontamination Procedures Christopher Norris Acy A Thesis Submitted in Candidacy for Honors at Graduation from Lawrence University May 2015 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor on this project, Dr. Bart De Stasio. His insight and tutoring in the scientific writing process and data interpretation were invaluable. Zoe Psarouthakis was essential as a partner and lab mate as this project would not have been possible without her help. Her aid in scientific ideas and in the running of these experiments is very much appreciated. Both Dr. Beth De Stasio and Katherine Barie provided thoughts and suggestions on the introduction that greatly improved the overall quality of the section. i Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... -
New Zealand Mudsnail
SPECIES AT A GLANCE New Zealand Mudsnail New Zealand mudsnails are a highly invasive spe- cies of freshwater mollusk of the family Hydrobiidae, also known as spring snails. While some species in the family Hydrobiidae are sensitive to water quality and environment, New Zealand mudsnails are tolerant of a wide variety of habitats. Because of their ability to clone themselves and maintain high reproductive rates, these animals have rapidly spread throughout the western United States. Some estimates indicate that one female can clone and produce over 312,500,000 offspring in one year. It takes only one aquatic hitchhiker to start an invasion! REPORT THIS SPECIES! Oregon: 1-866-INVADER or Oregon InvasivesHotline.org; Washington: 1-888-WDFW-AIS; California: 1-916- 651-8797 or email [email protected]; Other states: 1-877-STOP-ANS. Jane and Michael Liu, Oregon Sea Jane and MichaelGrant Oregon Liu, Species in the news Learning extensions Resources Ecology graduate student Val Bren- On the Trail of the Snail Distribution information: neis studies the effect of invasive http://rivrlab.msi.ucsb.edu/NZMS/ New Zealand mudsnails in Youngs index.php Bay, near Astoria, Oregon. Why you should care ery operations. They spread into relatively pristine People provide pathways for spreading New areas, such as Yellowstone National Park. New Zea- Zealand mudsnails. Mudsnails can dramatically land mudsnails have been shown to spread indepen- impact the bottom of the food chain by dominating dently upstream through locomotion. They are spread primary consumption in aquatic communities they through contaminated recreational equipment (boots invade. Through sheer numbers, their dense popula- and waders, lifejackets, kayaks, etc.), birds, and the tions outcompete native invertebrates for periphyton digestive tracts of fish. -
Predator Detection and a Possible Dispersal Behavior of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail, Potamopyrgus Antipodarum (Gray, 1843)
Aquatic Invasions (2019) Volume 14, Issue 3: 417–432 Special Issue: Behaviour in Aquatic Invasions Guest editors: Kit Magellan, Amy Deacon, Marian Wong and Mhairi Alexander CORRECTED PROOF Research Article Predator detection and a possible dispersal behavior of the invasive New Zealand mud snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) Edward P. Levri*, Rebecca Luft and Xiaosong Li Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Penn State – Altoona, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601, USA Author e-mails: [email protected] (EPL), [email protected] (RL), [email protected] (XL) *Corresponding author Co-Editors’ Note: This paper is a contri- bution to the Behaviour in Aquatic Abstract Invasions Special Issue of Aquatic Invasions. Papers in this Special Issue Behavior can play a large role in invasion success. Of particular importance may be explore how behaviour contributes to the ability of an invader to detect and respond to unfamiliar potential predators. We invasion success; native species’ examined a behavior related to dispersal in populations of the New Zealand mud behavioural strategies that reduce the snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) in response to chemical cues from crayfish and impacts of invasions; how knowledge of behaviour can enhance management piscine predators. Populations of the snail isolated from North America and its of invasive species; and potential effects native New Zealand were used in two separate experiments. In both experiments, of climate change on the behavioural groups of snails were placed in water either with or without predator cues, and the impacts of aquatic invasive species. number of snails found floating attached to the surface tension of the water after ten Citation: Levri EP, Luft R, Li X (2019) minutes was noted. -
Virtual 2-D Map of the Fungal Proteome
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Virtual 2‑D map of the fungal proteome Tapan Kumar Mohanta1,6*, Awdhesh Kumar Mishra2,6, Adil Khan1, Abeer Hashem3,4, Elsayed Fathi Abd‑Allah5 & Ahmed Al‑Harrasi1* The molecular weight and isoelectric point (pI) of the proteins plays important role in the cell. Depending upon the shape, size, and charge, protein provides its functional role in diferent parts of the cell. Therefore, understanding to the knowledge of their molecular weight and charges is (pI) is very important. Therefore, we conducted a proteome‑wide analysis of protein sequences of 689 fungal species (7.15 million protein sequences) and construct a virtual 2‑D map of the fungal proteome. The analysis of the constructed map revealed the presence of a bimodal distribution of fungal proteomes. The molecular mass of individual fungal proteins ranged from 0.202 to 2546.166 kDa and the predicted isoelectric point (pI) ranged from 1.85 to 13.759 while average molecular weight of fungal proteome was 50.98 kDa. A non‑ribosomal peptide synthase (RFU80400.1) found in Trichoderma arundinaceum was identifed as the largest protein in the fungal kingdom. The collective fungal proteome is dominated by the presence of acidic rather than basic pI proteins and Leu is the most abundant amino acid while Cys is the least abundant amino acid. Aspergillus ustus encodes the highest percentage (76.62%) of acidic pI proteins while Nosema ceranae was found to encode the highest percentage (66.15%) of basic pI proteins. Selenocysteine and pyrrolysine amino acids were not found in any of the analysed fungal proteomes. -
Four QTL Underlie Resistance to a Microsporidian Parasite That May Drive Genome Evolution in Its 2 Daphnia Host
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/847194; this version posted November 20, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Four QTL underlie resistance to a microsporidian parasite that may drive genome evolution in its 2 Daphnia host 3 Devon Keller1, Devin Kirk1,2, Pepijn Luijckx1,3 4 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 5 M5S 3G5. 6 2 Current address: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA. 7 3 School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 8 Author contributions 9 DK, DK and PL designed the study and conducted experiments. PL conducted the analysis. PL wrote the 10 first draft of the manuscript, and all authors significantly contributed to revisions. 11 Abstract: 12 Despite its pivotal role in evolutionary and ecological processes the genetic architecture underlying host- 13 parasite interactions remains understudied. Here we use a quantitative trait loci approach to identify 14 regions in the Daphnia magna genome that provide resistance against its microsporidium parasite 15 Ordospora colligata. The probability that Daphnia became infected was affected by a single locus and an 16 interaction between two additional loci. A fourth locus influenced the number of spores that grew within 17 the host. Comparing our findings to previously published genetic work on Daphnia magna revealed that 18 two of these loci may be the same as detected for another microsporidium parasite, suggesting a general 19 immune response to this group of pathogens. -
Ecology, Epidemiology, and Evolution of Parasitism in Daphnia [Internet]
Ecology, Epidemiology and Evolution of Parasitism in Daphnia Dieter Ebert Author’s address: Dieter Ebert Universität Basel Zoologisches Institut Evolutionsbiologie Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland Email: [email protected] For further information and updates please visit: http://evolution.unibas.ch/ Please cite as: Ebert D, 2005. Ecology, Epidemiology, and Evolution of Parasitism in Daphnia [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books Copyright: Please contact the author for permission to reproduce any or all of the content in this book. ISBN 1-932811-06-0 First published: 30 November 2005 (online version), 29 December 2005 (PDF version) The PDF version was produced by Thomas Zumbrunn, Universität Basel The cover illustration is part of a drawing from the monograph "Die günen Armpolypen, die geschwänzten und ungeschwänzten zackigen Wasserflöhe und eine besondere Art kleiner Wasser- aale" by Jacob Christian Schaffer, published in Regensburg, Germany in 1755. The picture shows the external and internal anatomy of Daphnia magna. Note that on the dorsal side the female carries numerous peritrich (Ciliata) epibionts. In the upper left corner a parthenogenetic egg is drawn. Ecology, Epidemiology, and Evolution of Parasitism in Daphnia Dieter Ebert Universität Basel Zoologisches Institut Evolutionsbiologie Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland http://evolution.unibas.ch/ Contents Acknowledgments xi 1 Introduction to the Ecology, Epidemiology, and Evolution of Parasitism in Daphnia 1 1.1 Foreword ............................................... 1 1.2 Setting the Stage ........................................... 1 1.3 Defining Parasites .......................................... 2 1.4 Host–Parasite Interactions ..................................... 2 1.5 Outline of This Book .......................................