The New Era of Wreless Transmission of Electrical Energy
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013 The New Era of Wreless Transmission of Electrical Energy Author: Suraj Bharadwaja Tripathy Guided By Mr Brijesh Kumar (Faculty electrical engineering) Dept.Of Electrical Engineering AFFILIATION:B.Tech In Electrical Engineering generation and transmission of bulk power Abstract to the consumers. In the Morden transmission technique the In majority of power system, generating electrical energy flows by means of thee plants are located far from the load centers physical contact between the source and the thus the investment in transmission line is destination that causes a huge wire huge. To avoid line losses, we are resistance loss, a lot of money investments transmitting high voltage. So, as the voltage for the efficient tower and substation level increases, investment in tower & its construction. A question arises here that, is accessories increases. it practically possible to get rid of all the In this paper, we have reduced such type of construction investments and the wire huge investment by reducing the amount of resistance losses, making the process even steel in towers, aluminum in conductors, more efficient and reliable? The only hard wares, steel for earth ware etc. The cost possible way is to make the entire reduction on the total material used in the transmission system wireless. All the project would be remarkable. detailed researches in this paper have So establishing a wireless transmission developed a new era, which is the era of the system has the advantages of wireless transmission system. Here in this Minimising the wire resistance paper, a detailed research and study on the losses to a great extent wireless technology is done to prove the Making the system more efficient atmosphere and the surface of the earth about 90 -94% contained with an extremely high amount of To eliminate the inefficient costly charge (in terms of million coulombs) , theIJERT IJERTcables, towers and substations. approaches of Dr.Tesla and various papers Import and export of the electrical by some great researchers is preferred to power internationally. design a transmitter that energises the Here in this paper a detailed research is done stationary electrons to flow from the source on how a wireless electricity generator can to the destination through air without any be constructed and other vital applications physical connecting medium. of the wireless electricity transmission. Need For Wireless System Of Energy Transmission INTRODUCTION The wireless transmission system can show Efficient tower construction, substations and the following conciquences transmission cable lines are the most minimize losses due to resistance of wire essential component for the transmission of make the system more efficient about 90- the electrical energy from the generating end 94% to the receiving end in the present scenario. Eliminate inefficient & costly cables, towers Now a days electricity is essential, it has & substations become commercialized. An overhead Import & export electrical power transmission line is required to transmit internationally electrical power in large quantities over long distances.Necessary condition for increasing Advanced Technology Of Transmission the efficiency of electrical energy Different Theories proposed are: production and transmission are, offering a Transmission through or along the Earth lower price, higher quality and more secured IJERTV2IS100725 www.ijert.org 3709 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013 Propagation as a result of Terrestrial placed with a rigid support. the following Resonance consequences were observed.. Coupling to the Ionosphere using propagation through electrified gases Air under a partial evacuated vacuum can conduct high current better than Copper wires. If transmitter is elevated to a level where air some electrical nature of the pressure is about 75 to 130mm & an atmospherefrom an effective excitation of Mega volts is applied, then the experiment we have the following air will serve as a conductor for production electrical nature about the atmosphere of current. The current can also be transmitted through 1 to 3*10^12 A/sq m air. Atm resistance = 100 ohm If a high voltage spark is produced in the Voltage=2,00,000 transmitter coil to energige the atmospheric 1000 lightening storm at any moment stationary charges it can be transmitted to a worldwide large distance and the wireless transmission Each produces 0.5 to 1 amp can be done that shows the above mentioned Standing waves 6 & 50 cycles/sec consiquences Propagation as a result of Terrestrial IJERTIJERT Resonance Here a transmitter plant is designed that produces high voltage sparks and transfers SCHUMANN CAVITY RESONANCE the wireless electricity. About the Plant: Earth behaves like an electric circuit & Has a full size,51feet diameter,air core,RF atmosphere acts like a weak conductor. resonating coil which is the largest part of If there were no sources of charge, the the system. existing electric charge would diffuse away 130feet tower,insulated 30feet above in about 10 minutes. ground. There is a cavity defined by the surface of Has a capacity of over 600 Kilowatts. the Earth & the inner edge of the ionosphere 55 Kms High voltage spark producing transmitter up.At any moment the total charge residing G=Current source in this cavity is 500,000Coulombs. EABBD=RC Coupling to the Ionosphere using Input=300 kw propagation through electrified gases Out put=1,20,000 This experiment is done with two coils one 116 amp is a transmitter and another one is a receiver. P=hemispherical m.e high voltage sparks are produced on the Min leakage transmitter coil and between the transmitter Small space ,longer capacity and the receiver a tube filled with gas A= oil maintained at a pressure of 75 to 130 mm is C=primary wndng IJERTV2IS100725 www.ijert.org 3710 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013 E=grnd plate Figure of practical transmitter Transmitter View During The Sparking Period Applications of the wireless electricity For defence purpose The image below shows the wireless transmitter on the beach of an ocean. Whenever the high voltage sparks(order of million volt) the electricity transmits through the salt water and destroys the enemy forces. It has a very vital importanceIJERT IJERT for the naval force. Energising the airplanes IJERTV2IS100725 www.ijert.org 3711 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013 A high voltage beam can be transmitted 345 kV Single Circuit 110 125 from the slip to the flying aircraft that A wireless transmission system doesn’t energizes the motor of the air craft, which require any additional tower. only a will reduce the possibilities of the accidents transmitter and a receiver is required. and hazards. CONCLUSION Requirement of wireless electricity In the project a detailed research about the The traditional transmission of electrical transmitter is mentioned. so a further energy causes a loss of 26-30% of the research is required to design a receiver that energy generated. revives the wireless electricity according to But the wireless system is 90-94% efficient the load demand. the next step is the Inefficient, costly, and capital intensive grid testingand improvement is needed.the of cables, towers, and substations transmitter and the receiver need to be tested construction can be eliminated completely. and improved before processing. Cost of electrical energy can be reduced to a Total cost from proof of principle to large extent. commercial prototype is expected to total The table below shows a comparision of $3million. losses between the traditional transmission technique and the wireless transmission technique. References [1] WIRELESS POWER Extra-High-Voltage Transmission: TRANSMISSION,RESONATING PLANNET 765 kV: 2,116 Miles EARTH BY TOBY GRODZ [2]WIRELESS TRANSMISSION THEORY THE 500 kV: 113 Miles TESLA EFFECT 345 kV: 5,910 Miles [3]WORLD WIRELESS SYSTEM BY N.TESLA EHV Subtotal: 8,139 Miles [4]THEORY OF THE HIGH FREQUENCY High-Voltage Transmission: OSCILLATOR 230 kV: 140 Miles [5]AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF N .TESLA 161 kV: 282 Miles [6]The Next Wireless Wave is a Millimeter Wave by J. Laskar, S. Pinel, D. Dawn, S. Sarkar, B. Perumana and P. 138 kV: 16,202 Miles Sen, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 115 kV: 66 Miles IJERTIJERT[7]Wireless Transmission of Electricity – Below 100 kV: 14,230 Miles Development by Tanuj Kumar Mandal All these transmission causes a loss of 26 to [8]Self-Powered System with Wireless Data Transmission by Youfan Hu,þ Yan Zhang,þ 30% energy loss but a wireless transmission Chen Xu,þ Long Lin, Robert L. Snyder, and system makes it to 6 to 7%. Zhong Lin Wang* The tartics below represents the cost per unit [9]CROSS-LAYER WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA miles of the transmission TRANSMISSION: MIHAELA VAN DER Voltage Class Cost Range/Mile* SCHAAR, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, --------------------- ------------------ DAVIS SAI SHANKAR N, QUALCOMM INC., USA1 765 kV Single Circuit $2.6 – 4.0 Million 500 kV Single Circuit $2.3 - 3.5 Million 345 kV Double Circuit $1.5 - 2.5 Million 345 kV Single Circuit $1.1 – 2.0 Million The wireless transmission makes it to 1 to 2%. The statistics below represents the tower construction cost. Tower Height - Feet Voltage Class Hilly Terrain Flat Terrain -------------------- ------------- ----- 765 kV Single Circuit 135 150 500 kV Single Circuit 120 135 345 kV Double Circuit 160 175 IJERTV2IS100725 www.ijert.org 3712.