Vol. 6 No. 5 May/June 2020

VOL. 6 NO. 5 MAY/JUNE 2020

Two boys do school work together from their home in Hungary. (AP Photo)

5WK20_01_Cover.indd 1 4/13/20 12:06 PM VOL. 6 NO. 5 MAY/JUNE 2020

6-9 10-13 14-17 Into the Telegraph MakingButterﬂ rules y Midnight from the past for farminge-scooters Zone

18-21 22-25 26-29 Building a Bionic A hospital just better shoe jellyﬁ sh on for falcons the loose

Have you been going to virtual church because of the coronavirus shutdown? Pastor Josh Kellso preaches in an empty sanctuary at Grace Bible Church in Tempe, Arizona. But his message is being delivered over the internet. Members of his co ngregation are worshipping with him from their homes. Pastor Kellso and thousands of others have worked hard to continue preaching God’s word. But Christians don’t rely only on going to a church to strengthen their faith. The virus shutdown is an opportunity for growing in personal worship, Bible study, and prayer. John 4:24 reminds us, “God is spirit, and those who worship Him must worship in spirit and truth.”

WORLDkids, Issue 5, May 2020 (ISSN #2372-7357, USPS #700-950) is published 6 times per year—September, November, January, March, May, and July for $35.88 per year, by God’s World News, God’s World Publications, 12 All Souls Crescent, Asheville, NC 28803. Periodicals postage paid at Asheville, NC, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to WORLDkids, PO R. Bishop Box 20002, Asheville, NC 28802-8201. MANAGING EDITOR: Rich Bishop, CONTRIBUTOR: Chelsea Boes, DESIGN DIRECTOR: Rob Patete. Member Services: (828) 435-2982, Advertising Sales: (828) 253-8063, [email protected] Mailing address: WORLDkids, PO Box 20002, Asheville, NC 28802-8201. Telephone (828) 253-8063. © 2019 God’s World News, God’s World Publications. AP Photos 2 WORLDkids • May/June 2020 Answers p5

5WK20_02-03_Contents_Puzzle.indd 2 4/13/20 1:27 AM VOL. 6 NO. 5 MAY/JUNE 2020

W I Z E is t h e VOTE ON E ! WIZELYLYY

Political campaigns will soon get rolling. It seems like candidates are all just “birds of a feather”—all alike. They smile and wave, make prom- ises, kiss babies, shake hands, make speeches, and spend money. But just like these two drawings, there are differences. Sometimes you have to look very carefully to see them. Find 15 differences here.

R! O F

T E WIZ O TH E V O N E T O W I Z E R! is t h e WIZELYO ON E ! F VOTE E T E WIZ O TH E V O N E T O W I Z E is t h e WIZELY ON E ! VOTE R. Bishop AP Photos Answers p5 May/June 2020 • WORLDkids 3

5WK20_02-03_Contents_Puzzle.indd 3 4/13/20 1:26 AM Seaweedy Babies

Congratulations to scientists at an aquarium in Southern California! They’ve saved . . . seaweed? Actually, this ﬂ oater just looks like seaweed. It’s really a rare weedy sea dragon. You may know its cousin, the seahorse. Two weedy sea dragons hatched at San Diego’s Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The aquarium is one of the few in the world to successfully breed the unusual ﬁ sh. The babies are less than an inch long. Aquarium workers keep the delicate creatures out of public view for now. People know almost nothing about these mysterious species The two new because they live in hard-to- baby Weedy get-to parts of the world. Seadragons But they do know what More shorts online that were born to feed the babies: every day! at Birch Aquarium teeny-tiny shrimp.

World Travelers kids.wng.org

Sharks are on the move. Tags help scientists track them down. The Cooper- ative Shark Tagging Program is the longest-running tagging program in the world. Between 1962 and 2013, the program tagged 117,962 blue sharks. Each shark tag has a number and contact information. When a tagged shark is re-captured, scientists record its tag and location. That information is proving that sharks are deﬁ nitely world travelers. Do they like a change of scenery? Maybe. A mako shark swims in the Scientists know sharks are adaptable Atlantic Ocean o Rhode Island. and can live in different ocean depths. One shark journeyed 3,997 nautical

miles. Scientists initially tagged it off the Patience is a key to the shark- tagging program.

itanic, Ballet itanic,

coast of Long Island, New York. It was recaptured About 7% of sharks end up recaptured, according T andidate’s tie, 8) message on the plane’s sign, 9) dollars in air changed $20 to $10, 10) plane’s wings, 11) campaign sign “Vote Wizely” switched, 12) number of red and white white and red of number 12) switched, Wizely” “Vote sign campaign 11) wings, plane’s 10) $10, to $20 changed air in dollars 9) sign, plane’s the on message 8) tie, andidate’s

in the south Atlantic. It swam a distance greater to Florida State University’s Jasmin Graham. c 7) than the length of the Great Wall of China! One tagged shark was found 16 years later!

4 WORLDkids • May/June 2020

5WK20_04-05_Shortsx4.indd 4 4/13/20 1:24 AM Catching Lightning

One old saying is “timing is everything.” Another is that a nearly impossible task is like trying to “catch lightning in a bottle.” Francisco Negroni has good timing, and he caught lightning in a bottle. Well, . . . in a camera. Check out this shot of Chile’s Calbuco volcano erupting beneath a lightning-ﬁ lled sky. The image won the Perfect Moment Photo Contest grand prize. The rare event pictured is called a “dirty thunderstorm.” Calbuco’s eruption caused the lightning by creating electrically charged particles in the atmosphere. Mr. Negroni won a prize of cash and equipment from the contest sponsor, Our More shorts online World in Focus. every day! Welcome Back, Lilies

The water lilies on Paraguay’s Salado River are enormous! They are so big that a kid could plop right kids.wng.org down on a pad. Victoria cruziana is the scientiﬁ c name for the huge rimmed lily pads that “Alligator lilies” on the Salado River smell like pineapple. Nicknamed “alligator lilies,” each six-foot pad is big enough to hide a lurking alligator. The largest lily pad on record spanned a whopping eight feet! Years ago, giant lily pads were popular photo subjects. But they disappeared. By 2006, the lilies were listed as endangered. Now, hundreds of the giant lilies are back. Tourists are heading to Piquete Cué, in central Paraguay to see them. Boat rides take people close to the pads. Has anyone tried to plop down on one for a

photo? It might be hiding a gator.

1) a, 2) c, 3) d, 4) a, 5) c, 6) b, 7) b, 8) c, 9) c, 10) c, 11) b. b. 11) c, 10) c, 9) c, 8) b, 7) b, 6) c, 5) a, 4) d, 3) c, 2) a, 1) Puzzle: 32 Page landscape. desert vast the in range of out was that game for hunt to falcons trained Bedouins

1) a, 2) b, 3) d, 4) a, 5) Answers will vary, but may include: include: may but vary, will Answers 5) a, 4) d, 3) b, 2) a, 1) Iron Falcons, p26-29, BALLOON, JET | a. 4) c, 3) b, 2) a, 1) Bird Jellyfish, p22-25, FILE, CRITTER | globe. the over spread

1) b, 2) a, 3) b, 4) a, 5) Answers will vary, but should say something like: An epidemic is a disease in one area. A pandemic is is pandemic A area. one in disease a is epidemic An like: something say should but vary, will Answers 5) a, 4) b, 3) a, 2) b, 1) Pandemic Nike, p18-21, SMART, APART TAKE | a. 4)

1) c, 2) a, 3) c, c, 3) a, 2) c, 1) Japan Butterflies, p14-17, SHIP, CITIZEN | joy. of think me make would spinning and skipping, Leaping, include: may but vary, will Answers 5) a, 4) c, 3) d, 2) b, 1)

Titanic, Ballet Titanic, p10-13, MACHINE, TIME | a 4) b, 3) a, 2) b, 1) Mushrooms Dive, p6-9, SOUP, SCIENCE QUIZZES: | stripes on bus, 13) bus driver, 14) bird in sky, 15) cloud, 16) dog ears. ears. dog 16) cloud, 15) sky, in bird 14) driver, bus 13) bus, on stripes p 32

7) candidate’s tie, 8) message on the plane’s sign, 9) dollars in air changed $20 to $10, 10) plane’s wings, 11) campaign sign “Vote Wizely” switched, 12) number of red and white white and red of number 12) switched, Wizely” “Vote sign campaign 11) wings, plane’s 10) $10, to $20 changed air in dollars 9) sign, plane’s the on message 8) tie, candidate’s 7)

1) letters on balloons, 2) number of balloons, 3) little owl on left, 4) stars on bunting, 5) boy and girl in foreground, 6) red and white stripes on bunting, bunting, on stripes white and red 6) foreground, in girl and boy 5) bunting, on stars 4) left, on owl little 3) balloons, of number 2) balloons, on letters 1) Puzzle: 3 Page

AP Photos May/June 2020 • WORLDkids 5

5WK20_04-05_Shortsx4.indd 5 4/10/20 5:20 PM In the dark water, an angler- stay alive fi sh uses its headlamp-like lure without light, to attract prey. Deeper, a warmth, and headless chicken fi sh drifts by. underneath Welcome to the weird and incredible A diver rest atop “Limiting Factor” wonderful part of the ocean pressure from known as the Midnight Zone. the water A team of scientists began above. But the Midnight Zone the sea? Would you be far from their dive into the depths of the is one of the most diverse parts Him then? NOPE! The Bible Indian Ocean this March. They of the ocean. What lives there? says even if a person lives in traveled deeper underwater than People know of a few crea- the bottom of the sea, God is sunlight does. The explorers tures. But many, many more there. (Psalm 139: 9-10) You spent fi ve weeks there. They are wait to be discovered. might think of this in two ways. targeting seamounts—gigantic Last August, Limiting Maybe you’re thinking, “I can’t underwater mountains. So even Factor dove to the deepest hide from God’s judgement.” though they’re deep down, point in each of the world’s But you could also think of it they’re still on mountaintops. fi ve oceans. It traveled almost this way: “I can’t hide from Ultra-deep parts of the ocean 36,000 feet down. The sub- God’s love.” are very unfriendly to people. marine has a two-person crew To explore the Midnight Zone, compartment. It is wrapped in scientists boarded one of the titanium so it can handle Are you afraid of heights? world’s most advanced sub- crushing water pressures. It When you stand at a porch mersibles. A submersible is also carries up to 96 hours’ railing, you might get a something that can go under- worth of emergency oxygen. tingly feeling. Do you get water and still work. This one “There are only fi ve vehicles the same feeling when is called “Limiting Factor.” in the world that can get below you’re on a boat on the lake? Oliver Steeds directed the 6,000 meters (19,685 feet),” Why not? You’re probably mission. “What we do know is says expedition leader Rob much “higher up” than your that beneath 1,000 meters McCallum. “So everything we (3,280 feet), there’s no light do is new. Everything we see is deck. You could be 200 feet down there, but a lot of animals virtually a new discovery.” above “ground!” . . . are bioluminescent. It’s life The scientists expect to In the Midnight Zone, it that glows,” he says. identify new species. They will makes the most sense to be It’s stunning learn about the huge undersea afraid of depths. The subma- that any- mountains. They may fi nd rine can go as deep as Mount thing pollution too. Last May, when Everest is tall. No light, no can “Limiting Factor” sunk to the warmth, no air? No thanks! ocean’s deepest point, its pilot spotted a non-fi sh invader: a

plastic bag. Krieg Barrie What’s the farthest from God you could go? How about Not to scale!

plunging to the deepest part of AP Photos we know... ﬁ sh aren’t thousands kids.wng.org/science-soup of feet long!

5WK20_06-09_SS.indd 6 4/10/20 5:29 PM

AP Photos 5WK20_06-09_SS.indd 7 Barrie Krieg Not to scale! of feet long! we know... thousands ﬁsh aren’t We know, turtles are in the Sunlit Dolphins and sea Zone. Midnight Zone Twilight Zone Abyssal Zone Sunlit Zone Sunlit Trenches 25,000 ft 20,000 ft 35,000 ft 30,000 ft 15,000 ft 10,000 ft 5,000 ft 1,000 ft remember how deepGod’s love isfor you. time you’re inaboat, lookdown into thewater and zone. isthelargest unexplored It ecosystem onEarth. long bodies. Cusk-eels andstarsh alsolive inthis growing onbacteria survive inside theireight-foot- ishometo giant,It mouthlesstubeworms. They life hasever beenfound isinthiszone, at 27,460feet. Trenches ofthesea. This zone isbetween 19,690and jellydeep-sea here.sh can survive Cookie cutter sharks, dumbooctopuses, and animals feed o oftheremains ofothersealife. deep. cold, isvery andfood It isscarce. Tosurvive, Zone. This zone isbetween 13,125and19,690feet out here too. cucumbers,Sea snipeeels, andvampire squidhang eyes. Spermwhalescandive into thisdeepzone. Manyblack. animalsinthiszone don’t even have deep. Noplants cangrow here becauseitispitch Zone.Midnight It’s between 3,280and13,125feet oor at thisdepth. live inthiszone. Hardly any plants grow onthe sea catch prey. Octopus, whales, squid, andlantern sh to helpthemseeandlarge mouthsto helpthem critters live here.Bizarre-looking Fish have bigeyes feet deep. isnotcompletely butcloseto It it. dark, Twilight Zone. This zone isbetween 700and3,280 jelly seals, sealions,sh, seaturtles, andstingrays. ofsealife likeall kinds dolphins, sharks, tuna, Between 0and700feet deep, thiszone ishometo top layer iscalledtheSunlitZone. oftheocean. It bustling withactivity, justlike eachlayer oftheocean. building. Eachlevelve-story ofthebuilding is going oninthewater underneath the boat? feet, even 35,000feet above theocean oor. What’s on location, itcould be200feet, 700feet, 10,000 35,797 feet deep. oftheocean whereThe deepest part God God lls theocean depthswithgoodthings. Next The ground level ofthebuildingrepresents the The ofthebuildingisAbyssal second story The third oor ofthebuildingisocean’s The fourth oor ofthebuildingrepresents the The top ( fth) oor ofthebuildingrepresents the Pretend that theboat is oating ontheroof ofa aboatImagine oating intheocean. Depending May/June 2020 •WORLDkids 4/10/20 5:30PM 7

28,000 ft 22,000 ft 26,000 ft 24,000 ft 23,000 ft 32,000 ft 34,000 ft 12,000 ft 21,000 ft 33,000 ft 18,000 ft 29,000 ft 16,000 ft 14,000 ft 31,000 ft 13,000 ft 11,000 ft 19,000 ft 27,000 ft 17,000 ft 8,000 ft 2,000 ft 4,000 ft 6,000 ft 3,000 ft 9,000 ft 7,000 ft “Is it animal, mineral, or vegetable?” If the secret answer is “mushrooms,” it will help to add another kingdom. “Animal, mineral, vegetable, or . . .

recognized that a mushroom is neither plant nor animal.

Button pushes open. Stem forms. What is growing Growing mushrooms? You won’t need much produces ﬁ ve tons of mushrooms each month. above ground is the fruiting sunlight. You won’t even need soil. At one (That’s about the weight of two rhinoceroses.) part of the mushroom farm in Brussels, Belgium, growers What makes the basement mushrooms mushroom. need just water, barley, and a basement. thrive? All mushrooms develop on a substrate. Quentin Declerck works at Le Champignon A substrate is any material on which a mush- button de Bruxelles mushroom company. He guides ro om’s mycelium (roots) can grow. Any mush- visitors through the basement where mushrooms room farmer has to ﬁ nd the perfect substrate grow. “On the right side you have a nameko recipe. That can be hard. People use straw, saw- production,” he says. He explains: Nameko is an dust, manure, and coffee grounds. But they have orange, gluey mushroom. It goes into Japanese to make sure their substrates are clean. (Guess dishes like miso soup. what else loves warm, dark, wet spaces? Bacte- Mushrooms like to live in warm, dark spaces. ria and mold do—exactly what mushroom farm- In the mushroom basement, temperatures never ers don’t want. Heating a substrate kills these go below around 50 degrees Fahrenheit. invaders before they can grow.) Nameko mushrooms, mild oyster mushrooms, In the Brussels basement, the mushrooms and rich-tasting shiitakes grow well. The farm feed off barley recycled from a local brewery. In cities, this waste usually gets thrown away. The urban farmers grow microgreens in the basement too. Microgreens are greens harvested when small. Chefs at fancy restaurants use microgreens to beautify dishes. City chefs pair the basement mushrooms and greens. Mushrooms: They’re not fruits and they’re not vegetables. Some can nourish you with vitamin B, copper, and potassium. Others—toadstools— can kill you. And the basement mushroom farm just keeps recycling. Once the mushroom harvest ends, the material it fed off can be used again. This time it turns into fertilizer for other crops. Champignon de Bruxelles growers give it to local farmers for free.

Quentin Declerck inspects the shelves of mushrooms growing at the company's cellar in Brussels.

recycle plant waste R. Bishop Science Soup AP Photos QUIZ 8 WORLDkids • May/June 2020

5WK20_06-09_SS.indd 8 4/13/20 1:22 AM In the game Twenty Questions, you begin with, “Is it animal, mineral, or vegetable?” If the secret answer cap is “mushrooms,” it will help to add another kingdom. “Animal, mineral, vegetable, or . . . fungi?” About 50 years ago, biologists recognized that a mushroom is gills neither plant nor animal. Millions ring of spores released Button pushes open. Stem forms. pinhead stem What is growing cup above ground stage is the fruiting part of the mushroom.

button stage mycelium network of hyphae strands LIFE CYCLE of a MUSHROOM Mushrooms grow from spores, not Thread-like hyphae sprout from spores. seeds. A single mushroom can release 16 Hyphae knot million spores. Tiny spores germinate and grow forms to begin ne white hyphae. Male and female hyphae join a mushroom and branch out into a network of super-thin threads, altogether called a mycelium. That’s the living and growing part of a mushroom. Hyphae can add half a mile of thread daily. That takes nourishment! Does the thought of mushrooms cooked in butter make your mouth water? Mushrooms feel the same way about tiny bits of plant material. Hyphae release a digestive uid that breaks down plant waste. The hyphae take some of that back in as food. Male and Hyphae absorb Mushrooms clean up plant waste and make female digested material the soil richer. That’s the work God cells join assigned to the members of the fungi kingdom.

hyphae Organic material ne growing is broken down. strands of cells

Hyphae release digestive nourishment juice recycle plant waste and enrich soil Mass of hyphae seen growing R. Bishop over co ee Science Soup 1. lure 2. scarce 3. beautify 4. decomposes grounds a) stinger a) limited a) throw away a) rots

AP Photos b) temptation b) abundant b) make attractive b) grows QUIZ c) anchor c) tasty c) clean up c) cools Answers WORLDkids 9 p5

5WK20_06-09_SS.indd 9 4/13/20 1:21 AM AP Photos 4/10/20 5:35 PM Decide now, Another year the Titanic’s distress signals. distress Titanic’s the Ships and stations onshore received received onshore Ships and stations No Titanic survivors are left now tale to tell the Titanic No say offi cials from R.M.S. Titanic. Titanic. cials from R.M.S. say offi may be too late. of the ship. Only the wreckage remains—and not the wreckage remains—and not of the ship. Only room on the ship’s The Marconi rests in a for long. grand on the other side of the gymnasium A deck. The roof above the collapsed. staircase has already is starting to tear apart. Should telegraph machine people remove the telegraph or not? wreckage (right). wreckage ered from the Titanic Titanic the from ered (above), have been recov- have (above), from a bridge o uniform cer’s a bridge o from Thousands of items, like a button a button like Thousands of items, coins from the Titanic shipwreck. Titanic coins from the out silverware, china, and gold out silverware, china, They’ve brought up chunks of They’ve brought Explorers have already plucked Explorers have already the ship itself too. What will they the ship itself too. recover next? Some have their eyes on recover next? Some gravesite. Leave it alone to show respect. But laws protect the wreck. May R.M.S. Thousands of items have been recovered from Thousands of items have been recovered More than 1,500 people died on the Titanic. Titanic. the More than 1,500 people died on You may remember that the Titanic was a Titanic may remember that the You It’s a It’s than an artifact, some say. more is Titanic Titanic retrieve the telegraph? A judge will A retrieve the telegraph? Titanic decide. Some say digging out the machine will passengers. Others disagree. The Titanic honor the site. The company R.M.S. Titanic keeps track Titanic The company R.M.S. the site. cials want to save the of them. Now company offi the “voice” of telegraph machine too—nicknamed They might need to cut into the ship Titanic. the to get to it. The ship sank in less than three hours. A team A The ship sank in less than three hours. rested The ship has found the wreckage in 1985. for oor near Newfoundland, Canada, on the seafl in and out of the more than 100 years. Fish swim wreck. It falls apart little by little. grand British passenger ship. People boarded it in grand British passenger ship. People arrive safely in England in 1912. Before it could Ships and the ship struck an iceberg. York, New the messages of distress. stations onshore received the ship’s Marconi Wireless Telegraph Machine. Telegraph Wireless Marconi the ship’s nal, grim fi That piece of history sent the ship’s . . . require immediate assistance” messages: “We are sinking” . . . “We and “Have struck iceberg in boats.” putting women off kids.wng.org/time-machine 5WK20_10-13_TM.indd 10 Telegraph operators in a wireless room like this one How fast can you send a message? Skip the snail-mail. decoded the Titanic’s messages. Write a text. Shoot an email. Use an app. We have lots of ways to send a quick message. Years ago, that wasn’t the case. Ancient communities spread word with smoke signals and drums. As cultures developed, letter writing became more popular. But it took weeks or months to deliver mail. An historic milestone occurred with the invention of the telegraph. The rst machine was a tangled mess. It had way too many wires. Nice try! In the early 1800s, artist-turned-inventor Samuel Morse designed a “message box” that worked with a single wire. Its signal could go as far as a line could be strung. But its signal was just a beep, made by a simple on-o switch known as a telegraph key. A code would be needed to send a message. You can guess who came up with that code? Samuel Morse, of course! T-a-a-p, tap, tap. t-a-a-p—beeeeep, beep, beep, beeeeep. Morse code assigned a set of dots and dashes to letters and numbers. A telegraph operator tapped out a message in long and short beeps. On the other end of the wire, another operator would listen and decode the beeps back into letters. Within ten years of the telegraph’s invention, over 20,000 miles of wire crossed the United States. Before long, wire crossed under the Atlantic Ocean too. In 1858, the rst o cial telegram was sent between two continents. It was a letter from Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom to U.S. President James Buchanan. Throughout history, there have been other famous telegrams. Walt Disney wired a telegram to his brother. What was it about? Mickey Mouse. A Guglielmo Marconi developed the wire- Telegraphs passed along good and bad news. King B less telegraph in the late 1800s. Tapping George V sent birthday telegrams to people for their C D a key on a Marconi set sent electrical 100th birthdays. But on April 14, 1912, the Titanic sent E pulses through the air as radio waves. a distress message. The telegram included the sinking F A telegraph receiver on another ship or ship’s latitude and longitude coordinates. G on shore could hear those waves as long Today, telegraphs are rarely used. Their H I and short beeps. Nearly 1,500 people wires aren’t needed. They’ve been J died when the Titanic went down. But replaced with faster technology. But you K consider this: Without wireless telegraph could still learn and use Morse code. L M no ship would have Stop and think about smoke signals, N come to the rescue drum beats, letters, telegraphs, text O of the Titanic. messages, and more. No matter what P Q There would the carrier, it is always the R have been actual message that really S no survivors. matters. Proverbs is full of T That’s why advice about choosing U V Guglielmo AP Photos words wisely. And W Marconi was Colossians 4:6 instructs, X considered a “Let your speech always Y Z hero for his work. Guglielmo Marconi be gracious.” A telegraph from about 1900 May/June 2020 • WORLDkids 11

5WK20_10-13_TM.indd 11 4/10/20 5:35 PM Nothing says Dying Swan, in Tchaikovsky’s down and think about things of “DON’T Swan Lake ballet in 1905. The beauty. Philippians 4:8 says, TOUCH” like tutu has 1,537 feathers. It waits “Whatever is lovely, whatever is an alarmed for adoring fans to come see it at commendable, if there is any case with 37 the Fashion Institute of Technol- excellence, if there is anything screws holding ogy (FIT) in New York City. worthy of praise, think about it shut. What The tutu is part of an exhibit these things.” Anna Pavlova waits inside? called “Ballerina: Fashion’s Museum exhibits feature You’d expect crown jewels or Modern Muse.” A muse is some- items from history. But they gold. Nope! It’s a feathered thing that helps us think about usually send a message too. This white tutu. beautiful things. Does that make one says: Ballet connects to Russian ballerina Anna Pav- sense when you think about the fashion. For decades, ballet has lova wore this tutu in her most word “mus-eum?” A museum helped decide what kinds of famous role. She performed The exhibit gives us a chance to slow clothes people like to wear.

Feathers and jewels embellish the tutu and headpiece worn by Anna Pavlova.

Does this gown remind you of the swanlike costume?

only music, dance, and costuming. To make a ballet, many kinds of gifted artists must work together: dancers Shh! Designers at work! are part artist and part athlete, Ballet costume designers bend composers write music, musicians over their sketch books. They think play instruments, choreographers hard about what dancers should work out dance movement, and wear in each ballet. Ballerinas must costumers design and sew outﬁ ts. feel free to stretch their legs and This intense teamwork has been Long, heavy skirts marked early ballets. point their feet. Great dancers use happening for hundreds of years. an incredible amount of strength. Like every art form, ballet costumes. Their dresses had long But they don’t look like they’re costuming changes as time goes trains (pieces that dragged on the working hard. They must by. Rewind to the earliest ballets. In ground behind them). Wigs, jewels,

seem weightless, almost like the 17th century, dancers donned and leather masks completed the AP Photos ﬂ ying birds. heeled shoes. Men wore sti , wired look. Can you imagine today’s Ballets tell stories. But skirts. They looked a lot like tutus! ballerina dancing well with so much they use no words. They use Meanwhile, women dressed in heavy stu attached? 12 WORLDkids • May/June 2020

5WK20_10-13_TM.indd 12 4/13/20 1:18 AM The exhibit features means it seems to be and ballet history on 90 items. It includes ballet everywhere. Look around. display at FIT. The costumes. But visitors also Can you see the effects of Sugarplum Fairy see couture gowns—expen- ballet costuming on life? A wore this lovely long sive, artistic dresses made by fancy gown may remind you pink tutu. The costume hand. They see athletic cloth- of a tutu . . . and it should. has a satin bodice (upper ing inﬂ uenced by ballet. Ball Tutus often inspire dresses. part). Many layers of gowns or party dresses from Women wear shoes called tulle (netting) make the top fashion labels are dis- ballet ﬂ ats all the time. They skirt. And the exhibit played along with the ballet sport leotards and leggings shows off a work of costumes that inspired them. too. Both are part of ballet. fashion inspired by this Ballet in fashion? Patricia Have you seen The legendary tutu: a Mears, curator of the exhibit, Nutcracker? If so, you may stunning pink says, “It’s ubiquitous.” That recognize a piece of fashion wedding dress.

Ostrich feathers adorn this dress created by Yves Saint Laurent in 1965.

Can you see ballet’s inﬂ uence on these 1. The Titanic lies near ___. fancy clothes a) Tel Aviv, Israel displayed at FIT? b) Newfoundland, Canada c) Sydney, Australia d) Reykjavík, Iceland

Does this gown 2. The telegraph was developed in remind you of the ___. swanlike costume? a) the early 1900s b) the late 1700s TIME MACHINE QUIZ c) the late 1800s d) the early 1800s 1. The Titanic 3. The Sugarplum Fairy is a In the next hundred years, costumes got shorter. lies near _____. character in _____. 3. The Sugarplum Fairy is a Skirts dangled just down to a dancer’s calf. Women a) Tel Aviv, Israel a) Cinderella character in ___. slid on slippers without heels. This gave them b) Newfoundland, b) Swan Lake a) Cinderella freedom to create complex new steps. Canada c) The Nutcracker b) Swan Lake By the late 18th century, hoop skirts got the boot. c) Sydney, d) Sleeping Beauty c) The Nutcracker Answers Instead, dancers chose clothes that clung closely to Australia d) Sleeping Beauty their bodies. Tights were invented in 1790 so dancers d) Reykjavík, 4. A choreographer page 5 would have complete freedom to move their legs. Iceland designs _____. 4. A choreographer designs ___. Around 1820, people created pointe shoes. Voila! a) dance movement a) dance movement Suddenly, ballet looked a lot more like it does today. 2. The telegraph b) costumes b) costumes Ballerinas could dance on their tiptoes. was developed c) stage sets c) stage sets In 1832, a ballerina invented the “romantic tutu.” As in _____. d) musical arrangements d) musical arrangements years passed, this tutu got shorter to show the whole a) the early 1900s AP Photos leg. And now? Many ballerinas still wear tutus. But b) the late 1700s 5. Name a mood and suggest 5. Name a mood and suggest what many also dance in regular street clothes. This sends c) the late 1800s what kind of dance movements kind of dance movements would a message: Ballet isn’t just a page out of history. It’s d) the early 1800s would make you think of that? make you think of that? part of modern life. May/June 2020 • WORLDkids 13 Answer Key: 1) b, 2) d, 3) c, 4) a, 5) Answers will vary, but may include: Leaping, skipping, and spinning would make me think of joy.

5WK20_10-13_TM.indd 13 4/13/20 1:17 AM A butterﬂ y emerges from its chrysalis at the Kipepeo Butterﬂ y Project farm in Kenya.

A rare butterfl y fl its from stem to stem in a The butterfl y farmers make sure the insects Kenyan forest. Then, Swish! A butterfl y farmer aren’t all harvested at once. They leave enough catches it in a net. behind so the population can keep growing. Each The Arabuko-Sokoke forest lies near the coast farmer catches butterfl ies in a net. She cares for of Kenya in Africa. Around 230 species of butter- the butterfl ies until they lay eggs that hatch into fl y make their homes there. Many women living caterpillars. Then she feeds the caterpillars leaves near the forest cannot read. For a long time, they from the forest until they form cocoons. Each couldn’t get good jobs. They made some money pupa brings in one or two dollars. cutting down trees for fi rewood—the same trees Sofi a Saidi is a butterfl y farmer at the Kipepeo the butterfl ies live in. But now the women can Butterfl y Project. (Kipepeo is Swahili for butterfl y.) protect themselves from poverty and save trees. “We usually venture into the forest in groups to They can become butterfl y farmers. capture the butterfl ies,” she says. “We then go back The women catch, raise, and sell the unique to our homes and rear the pupae individually.” insects. The high-quality butterfl y and moth pupae She says a butterfl y catcher can make between (chrysalises) go to Europe, $20 to $50 a week. The money helps women send America, and many other their children to school. parts of the world. Crimson tip Butterfl y farming brings another benefi t too. Some buyers use the butterfl y Each butterfl y species relies on particular trees. butterfl ies for scien- Healthy forests mean healthy butterfl ies. And for tifi c research. Others farmers, that means money. So farmers now want add them to their to protect forests, not cut them down. butterfl y houses. Some resell the Butterfl y farmers at work in pupae to other buyers. the Arabuko-Sokoke forest Hope International Ariadne Van Zandbergen/Alamy; UN-REDD Zandbergen/Alamy; Ariadne Van

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Ariadne Van Zandbergen/Alamy; UN-REDD 5WK20_14-17_CS.indd 15 International Hope buy materialstomakeproducts. They purchase that startupmoneytomakemoremoney. They money sootherscanstartbusinesses.Peopleuse helps peopleinpovertyaroundtheworld.Itloans It’s little loans. make money, andthisfamilyhasnonetospare. Hope Internationalisanorganization that What helps these people? It isn’t big donations. money. Buteverybusinessneedsmoneyto electricity. The fathersellscheesetomak e lives inasingleroom. They haveno school fees. Another familyinBurundi barely enough.Nomoneyremainsfor they growintheirfields. Butit’s Rwanda feedtheirchildrenwhat A womanandmanin much willberequired. —Luke12:48 He says,“Ihavebeenblessedtoblessothers.” tresses, andcars.Over30peopleworkforhim. than hedidbefore.Hesellscheese,butter, mat- community soherneighborscangetcleanwater. She hasadoptedorphansandbuildswellsinher pentry business,andagroupofrentalproperties. manage asupermarket,hardwarestore,car- the market.Nowsheusesherbusinessskillsto The motherusedherfirst loanstosellpeanutsat can soonmoveontodobiggerthings. learns toberesponsibleinsmallthings,heorshe and alittleloanedmoney. And whensomeone own. Sometimesthattakesjustalittleteaching good toteachthemhowrunbusinessesontheir and foodtopeopleinneed.Butitmaydo Rwanda andBurundi.Itdoesgoodtogivemoney description ofwhathappenedtothefamiliesin lifetime.” Haveyouheardthissaying?It’s agood day. Teach amantofish andhe’llhavefoodfora they canpayloansback,plusmakea tools andequipmentfortheirbusinesses.Soon Everyone towhommuchwasgiven,ofhim The cheesesellerinBurundialsohasmore Now theRwandanfamilyhasplentyoffood. “Give amanfish andhe’llhavefoodfora May/June 2020 •WORLDkids run run a soap-making business together. northern Burundi northern Burundi This group in profit. more 4/10/20 6:24PM 15 Japanese diners enjoying Tofu, avocado, edamame beans, meat-based kale and caulifl ower rice dishes.

Japan was ready for tens of millions of foreign Many will come to next summer’s Olympics guests. But this year’s Olympics will have to wait from cultures where vegetarianism and veganism until 2021 because of a worldwide outbreak of are widely accepted. What will they eat in Japan? coronavirus. Athletes and fans are disappointed. Meat can hide even in non-meaty Japanese dishes. So are the hosts. The people of Japan will have Cooks in Japan often start their dishes with broth another year to plan how to make their guests wel- made with ﬁ sh. Miso soup? Sauces? These con- come. Some of those guests will be very different tain meat too—even when it doesn’t seem like it. from people in Japan. One big difference is that Most Japanese people love meat. But most also many will be vegetarians. take hospitality very seriously. The Japanese way Vegetarians do not eat meat. Vegans eat no of receiving guests is called “omotenashi.” animal products at all, including meat, milk, eggs, A person practicing omotenashi serves a guest and honey. Many people around the world are with his or her whole heart. Ofﬁ cials in Japan vegetarians and vegans. But very few in Japan want to come up with ideas to help make foreign- are. Japanese restaurants and food stores give few ers feel welcome during the Olympics. Ideas: Use options for those who don’t eat meat. government money. Help restaurants and food Aoyama farmers’ market in Tokyo, Japan, stores get products for vegetarians. Teach people is brimming with vegetables. It’s a rare spot in that vegetarians and vegans eat this but not that. Japan—a shoppers’ paradise for people who don’t Can you remember a time you stayed in some- eat meat. Jasmine Ortlieb browses the stalls. She’s one else’s home? What made you feel welcome? been a vegetarian since she was 13 years old. Ms. Maybe your host made your bed with clean sheets

Ortlieb is American. But she lives and cooked food you liked. That’s what hospitality AP Photos in Tokyo. What’s it like to be a veg- does. It thinks of the needs and likes of others ﬁ rst. etarian in Japan? “It is very incon- Show hospitality to one another without venient,” she says. grumbling. — 1 Peter 4:9

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4/10/20 6:27 PM : page 5 page Answers Answers Japan has little Japan 4. inherit 4. a) receive b) buy c) give GET GET THERE FROM TO HERE per hour. Or pay a toll to drive on drive to a toll Or pay per hour. But remember: roads. the fastest Roads and superfast railways Roads and superfast railways carry Ferries Japan. crisscross Catch islands. people between an at and move a bullet train than 160 miles of more average Drive on the leftDrive side. A bullet train in Japan A bullet train May/June 2020 • WORLDkids 2020 May/June TIGHT SQUEEZE: TIGHT land and lots of people. In cities, In cities, land and lots of people. in small houses or in live many one into Walk high-rise apartments. way. Japanese of these homes the on slippers. Put shoes. your o Take called oor mats the rush onto Step cushion. Sleep oor Sit on a tatami. called a mattress on a foldable paper the door—a Slide futon. a take you screen—closed before But wash tub. in the square bath get you before with soap and water a soak. Otherin for family members after you. be using the water may 3. hospitality be critical a) to be humble b) to c) welcoming Visitors to Japan’s Olympics can get ready to pass to Olympics can get ready Japan’s to Visitors But they and miso soup. sh, raw rice, the white too. them at coming culture a lot more have . . . for Get ready Tokyo. to headed you’re Pretend Maybe you’re you’re Maybe high Junior in Japan students 2. profi t 2. profi a) gain b) loss c) product In Japan, what you may may you In what Japan, SCHOOL’S IN! SCHOOL’S about to get out of school for get out of school for about to the But in Japan, the summer. starts Kids school year in April. to Monday school from go to and on some Saturdays. Friday writing, study Japanese They of charac- learning hundreds spend They called kanji.ters the end of every day time at cleaning their schools. 1. fl it 1. fl a) spin b) chew y c) fl many western countries, kids inherit their countries, western many name is That their father. last name from said and written rst. Their “given name” name” “given Their rst. said and written think of as the “last name” comes in Like rst. comes “last name” think of as the (the one their parents pick) comes last. pick) comes (the one their parents LAST NAME FIRST: NAME LAST Are you you : Are

Olympics-goers will stay in the country for only a couple only a couple in the countryOlympics-goers for will stay Smith John Smith with their hosts Japan. their with South Sudanese athletes SudaneseSouth athletes QUIZ Citizen Ship Citizen BE BE WHEN CAREFUL HELLO SAYING outgoing? Resist the urge to to Resist the urge outgoing? Wait name is . . .” “Hi, my say, introduce someone else to for rst yourself Introducing you. in Japan. rude is considered hand stick out your Did you okay. That’s a handshake? for people expectJapanese hands. shake to foreigners bow. is to But their tradition HOLIDAYS: weeks. But if you were to hang out in Japan for a for hang out in Japan to were But if you weeks. of Age Coming celebrate get to you’d whole year, Birthday in the Emperor’s in January, Day Sep- in and Respect Day the Aged February, (Japan has a lot of elderly people—a tember. 65 than any of people over higher percentage are Nearly 70,000 people there other country. people old!) Japanese than 100 years more Example: too. holidays western some celebrate boys. to chocolate give girls Day, Valentine’s On

AP Photos 5WK20_14-17_CS.indd 17 When runner Eliud The shoe also contains a But wait— marathons Kipchoge made history last carbon-fi ber plate. Energy are supposed to be October, he had a secret from the runner’s leg would running competitions. weapon—super shoes! The normally stop at the ground. Are they becoming shoe world-class runner completed The plate redirects that energy. competitions instead? a marathon in less than two It travels back upward. The And is it really fair for hours. No one had ever done runner is propelled forward runners to get such a big leg that before. Mr. Kipchoge was with a little boost. up from their shoes? wearing shoes that have been What does it feel like to World Athletics, the making the news. wear a super shoe? One governing body of track and The exact materials and famous U.S. runner, Jake distance running, made new design of Nike’s Alphafl y Riley, tells the BBC it’s like shoe rules. A shoe’s sole may super shoe is super secret. But “running on trampolines.” be only so thick. It may contain what we do know is that they During his historic mara- only a certain number of plates. are made with two air “pods” thon, Eliud Kipchoge wore an And any shoe headed to the in the forefoot. Extra foam early Nike Alphafl y model. Tokyo Olympics must be pads the heel. That cushions America’s best male mara- available to the public. That’s the foot against shock. It helps thoner, Galen Rupp, won the so that anyone—not just keep the foot from growing U.S. marathon trials in March big-money, company-sponsored tired and gives a little bounce. in a pair of Alphafl ys. athletes—can get a pair.

WHAT DID THEY In 1971, Bill Bowerman got a big A Wa e WEAR? Trainer idea while making breakfast. He had museum been trying to think of a new design Once upon a time, display for his athletic shoes. He wanted people simply ran something light and fast that gripped barefoot. Some still without spikes. do. But most prefer He looked down at the wa e iron the support, speed, he was using. BINGO! and protection Mr. Bowerman poured a rubbery o ered by running urethane mixture into the iron. Soon shoes. Today, shoe he had cooked up a new-style sole designers know a for Nike sports shoes. running shoe must Nike’s Wa e Trainer was released t the foot tightly in 1974. It turned the sports shoe but not too tightly. world upside down. It also turned the They give sneakers Nike company into a mega-success. lots of cushion to In 2010, the rusted old wa e iron he used was found in a protect joints. They garbage pit. Now it has a place of honor in a display case make them light-

in Nike’s World Headquarters near Beaverton, weight. But it took AP Photos Oregon. And a pair of the famous “wa e” shoes decades for sold last year for $475,500! No pair of sneakers designers to gure has ever been auctioned for more. all this out.

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5WK20_18-21_TAS.indd 18 4/13/20 1:14 AM 19 4/10/20 6:32 PM Eliud Kipchoge 2019 record the marathon breaks shoes.” “super in Nike Who needs shoes? 1995 Who wins the Kosgei Christopher He title. steeplechase world but nothing on his feet wears toes. tape on a few running 2005 Barefoot popular again. So do becomes with FiveFingers—shoes Vibram an individual section each toe. for May/June 2020 • WORLDkids 2020 May/June For the rst time, the 1960 For everybody can buy a pair The of running shoes. New Trackster Balance rst one of the becomes runners. mass-produced Its is $15. price e Wa Nike 1974 The available. becomes Trainer Boston marathon winner marathon 1951 Boston barrier for a marathon on Oct. 12, 2019. a marathon barrier for Eliud Kipchoge, wearing Nike’s Alphafl y Alphafl Nike’s wearing Eliud Kipchoge, shoe, runs on his way to break the two hour two the break to shoe, runs on his way Shegeki Tanaki sports a It like is more an unusual shoe. Tanaki Shegeki the big toe. compartment for sock with a separate canvas Just add spikes. 1940s Just add spikes. runners race Many help Spikes cross-country. the ground them dig into earlier An without slipping. of these shoes cameversion England in 1865. from someone look like These had pounded nails through shoes. a pair of dress People make make People 1917 rst rubber-soled the call them They shoes. because “sneakers” in people can walk them without making noise. worn 1920s Shoes look marathoners by something they’d like , not to church to wear But this the track. footwear thin leather gets one thing right. SomeIt is light. less models weigh than 10 ounces. about as (That’s heavy as a hamster.) Alphafl y shoes Alphafl A pair of Nike’s of Nike’s A pair

AP Photos 5WK20_18-21_TAS.indd 19 5WK20_18-21_TAS.indd 20 20 These itemsrunoutfast. help sickpeoplebreathe. ventilators—machines that sickness. They also need keep fromspreading protect themselvesandto have gownsandmasksto pandemic. of theworld,becominga Then itspreadtotherest an epidemic This coronavirusstartedas spread thevirustoothers. do not,buttheycanstill very sickanddie.Many who catchthevirusget not common.Somepeople symptoms. Butthisoneis usually givepeoplecold it. Commoncoronaviruses (halo shape)surrounding its namefromthecorona under amicroscope.Itgets the coronaviruspandemic. It’s one way of helping with masks andgowns. Why? maker isusingitsfabricfor League Baseballuniform baseball outfits, aMajor baseball uniforms! They willbesuitedupin outfield, notthehospital. they’re headedforthe nurses willlooklike The jersey-making Medical workersmust Peek atthecoronavirus Instead ofregular Some doctorsand WORLDkids •May/June 2020 inChina. company isn’t alone in outside thinking cheer uppeoplewhocan’t nursing homewindowsto plant fl They owers outside who muststayhome. groceries forneighbors They shopanddeliver folks dotheirparttoo. money tohelp.Ordinary vaccine. Researchers racetofi nd a tests dayandnight. labs arebusywiththese they’re tested. Workers in know forsureonlyafter have thevirus?” They both animalsandhumans. Their suppliesworkfor ventilators, andgowns. too. They donatemasks, become unlikelyheroes a break. Veterinarians and nurseswhocan’t take hospitals forhungrydoctors drop off fancymealsat breathe. that willhelppatients way torefit snorkelmasks masks. An inventorfinds a company beginsewing Workers atasailrepair to makinghandsanitizer. (alcohol producers)switch face shields.Distillers company craftsmedical hockey equipment help fill shortages. A their usualbusiness. They the box.Companiesdrop You! More Helpers—Including Famous people give Famous peoplegive In Hungary, topchefs Peoplewonder:“DoI uniform fabric from baseball A protective gown made mask and face shield. wearing a employee converted mask that A snorkel medical A Bauer Hockey medical Corp. into a mask was 4/10/20 6:32PM

AP Photos workers. applaud hospital in Paris People come out. They organize groups to make masks. Imagine a supply chain as game with lots of connections. What can you do? You can The object is to move a product from start to nish. The be calm and trust God. game involves many people and places. You can be patient—even if you have to postpone your birthday party. You can obey instructions: Keep your distance from The rst stages in a supply chain involve raw materials people outside your home. —things used to make a product. Manufacturers need Sneeze into your elbow. all kinds of them. Did you know that a type of sand is Wash your hands well. the raw material used to make computer chips? Compa- And you can be thank- nies transform wood into furniture. Metals are used to make machinery. Wool becomes yarn and cotton turns into clothing. ful. In many cities, people Manufactures create synthetic rubber from oil. The list goes on. stand at open windows or on balconies. They sing, cheer, and applaud for doctors and nurses. After a product is manufactured, it hits the road—or the waves. It’s shipped to warehouses for storage.

People Wholesalers sell large quantities to in Paris stores. More shipping! Finally, a product applaud is in your neighborhood store. hospital workers.

Ideas: Write a thank you card to a medical worker. Unexpected obstacles interrupt the supply chain. During a walk, pray for the Over-buying causes a shortage of some products. Natural people in each house in disasters, wars, disease, and political unrest can interrupt your neighborhood. Write any part of a supply chain. Products contain many parts a message of hope in side- or ingredients. If even one is missing, a manufacturer can’t walk chalk by your house. nish making a product. A sta shortage at a production My God will supply plant can slow things down. So can delivery issues due every need of yours to road closures, port quarantines, and air tra c delays. according to His riches in When a supply chain is interrupted, troubleshooters glory in Christ Jesus. have to scramble to solve the problem. After all, too many people depend on a supply chain for it to be broken — Philippians 4:19 for very long. That’s especially true when it comes to the supply chain for medical equipment during the TAKE APART SMART QUIZ COVID-19 crisis! 1. New Olympics 2. The ﬁ rst 3. A baseball 4. Which is most likely 5. What is the rules say gear must rubber-soled uniform company to cause shortages? di erence be ___. sneakers were started making ___. a) lack of raw materials between an a) recyclable made in ___. a) hospital tents b) lack of customers epidemic and b) publicly available a) 1917 b) face masks c) too many trucks a pandemic? c) approved by b) 1935 c) hospital blankets and ships

AP Photos Japan’s government c) 1951 d) gloves d) a and c d) inexpensive d) 1974 Answers p5 May/June 2020 • WORLDkids 21

5WK20_18-21_TAS.indd 21 4/13/20 11:48 AM There’s more to this jelly- But even this didn’t seem to jellyfi sh blend right in. And fi sh than meets the eye. It’s bother the jellies. Stressed they’re a good value. Operat- half animal and half robot! jellyfi sh let out mucous. These ing an ocean research ship can Engineers at two California didn’t. They didn’t seem cost $20,000 each day. universities made the robotic troubled when the device was People attach sensors and critter. At least, they made the removed either. trackers to wild animals all robot part of it. Their jelly- “We’re trying to take the the time. But fastening on a fi sh-friendly device is about best of what biology does behavior-changing device is the size of a penny. It’s just naturally,” Caltech professor new science. Could the tech big enough to hold a micro- John Dabiri tells The Mercury affect the way jellyfi sh live chip and a small battery. They News, “and combine it with and reproduce? Scientists will hooked the gizmo to the the best of what we can do as watch and see. Maybe adding underside of something engineers.” gadgets to jellyfi sh comes created by God—a live moon Why go to all the trouble to with a cost they haven’t jellyfi sh. These jellies grow to speed up jellyfi sh? People are thought of yet. And will they be more than one foot wide. searching for new and better actually fi nd a way to steer the Wires hooked the device to ways to explore the sea. speedy jellyfi sh? That remains electrodes on the jellyfi shes’ Humans can go only so deep to be seen. muscles. Did the jellyfi sh under the crushing dark of the What undersea discoveries complain? Nope. The process ocean. Jellyfi sh can dive much might people make using was pain free. Electricity farther. And these jellies can “biohybrid” jellyfi sh? They traveled through the wires. swim even faster than regular may fi nd even more jellies. The jolts made the jellyfi sh ocean explorer bots. Subma- People know of around 2,000 pulse and move fast—nearly rines may disturb the creatures kinds. But scientists guess three times faster than normal. people want to study. But many thousands more exist.

An illustration of the robotic-hybrid jellyﬁ sh AP Photos Rebecca Konte/Caltech

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5WK20_22-25_CF.indd 22 4/10/20 6:44 PM Box jellyfi sh Compass jellyfi sh Pacifi c sea nettle White-spotted jellyfi sh

A purple-striped jellyﬁ sh ﬂ oats in a display at the National Aquarium Watch a jelly sh balloon its way through the water. This in Baltimore, enchanting animal may seem complicated. But really, jelly sh Maryland. are very simple. They have mouths, stomachs, and an epidermis (skin) to hold all that Jell-O-like stu inside. Jelly sh have no eyes, no bones, and no brains. Good thing they don’t have to make any decisions about where to go! Gigantic or teeny, jellies drift along, following the ocean’s current. Jelly sh may not have a plan for survival—or for anything. But God designed them with unique protection. Their watery bodies have natural camou age in the ocean. Their tentacles catch food. These long or short arms are also loaded with sting- ing cells called cnidocytes. Cnidocytes hold tiny harpoon-like objects called nematocysts. These stingers can sink into another sea creature—or into human skin—faster than you can blink. Jelly sh are slow movers. They pulse through the water. Will food drift by? Or will the jelly sh run into a hungry shark? It doesn’t know. But its millions of sting cells wait, ready to zap. Some jelly sh are as tiny as a pencil tip. Others measure eight feet across. Some have tentacles as long as 100 feet! So even if you don’t see a jelly sh’s body, its tentacles could be lurking nearby. Some jellies carry venom more deadly than a cobra’s. These forbidding animals are called box jelly sh. They live in waters o Australia.

BEEN STUNG? DO THIS: Most jelly sh stings do not injure people seriously. But MOVE LIKE A they hurt. And the JELLYFISH: stingers can keep Open and close an shooting out venom umbrella slowly. A even after they’ve jelly sh’s “bell” separated from the part contracts. It jelly sh. Remove pulls water in. When it any stingers from opens again, water pushes A warning sign at Cape your body. Rub

AP Photos Tribulation, Australia out. This propels the jelly forward. vinegar on the sting. Rebecca Konte/Caltech

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Krieg Barrie China University of Geosciences of University China 4/10/20 6:45 PM insect amber inside the the inside An artist’s An artist’s hunting an khaungraae khaungraae Oculudentavis Oculudentavis The small skull The small rendering of the of the rendering — Romans 11:33 — Romans Oh, the depth of the riches and known do dinosaurs wisdom and of God! knowledge How His judgments are unsearchable inscrutable His ways! and how Where Where does this dino belong in history? How un- tiny, many known do dinosaurs to people still have nd? Scientists have a lot of guesses about big dinosaurs and when But Oculudentavis lived. they the little them: About shows still know, they just a little. stu than they thought. thought. than they bigger—and littler— bigger—and , scientists decide. decide. , scientists heads. God’s creation is creation God’s heads. All this adds up to a snapshot a snapshot this adds up to All their scratch But scientists The skull is built for is built for skull The of Oculudentavis: a humming- who predator daytime bird-sized unique! Totally bugs. ate probably skull called an fenestra. antorbital dino teeny This check And doesn’t. imagine them. Or, out those eyes! long decayed themselves eyes The the that But the bones show ago. had cone-shaped probably creature design That with small pupils. eyes in around move helps creatures No other dinosaur we light. bright though this, like know of has eyes Oculudenta- do. modern-day lizards least 23 sharp teeth. vis also had at strength. Most dinosaurs strength. a small hole in the have 1.6 inches from beak to tail. tail. beak to from 1.6 inches be a the dino simply Could decide. No, scientists baby? match patterns growth bone The Imagine that! an adult dinosaur. darted dino the world This around same time as the dinosaur the at Argentinosaurus. Argentinosaurus one This long. 120 feet stretched tee! no bigger than a golf grew 1.6 inches from beak to tail. tail. beak to from 1.6 inches be a the dino simply Could match patterns growth bone The • May/June 2020 • May/June WORLDkids Xing Lida holds up a small Lida holds up Xing a bird. looks like critter The see the skull’s Scientists need to Experts smaller. It’s How? piece of polished, yellow amber. amber. yellow of polished, piece the through shines Sunlight is stu (Resin resin. ancient it time, Over trees. by secreted a precious amber, into hardens sees scientist Chinese The stone.) small the outline of an amazingly He spots an eye skull inside. a of the head, the crown socket, little teeth. and even long snout, Scientists call it Oculudentavis one of the smallest . It’s khaungraae discovered. dinosaurs ever not must But they tiniest details. scan the skull with They it. crack model. a digital and make X-rays or bird Oculudentavis any is unlike found! dinosaur ever the tiniest bird it to compare the bee hummingbird. living today, than no more It measured likely 24 5WK20_22-25_CF.indd 24 The small skull

Paleontologists study ancient fossils. They have a lot of good work to be proud of. They also have some reasons to be humble. Even experts make mistakes. Here are some whoppers. Brontosaurus: In 1879, scientists combined a skeleton found in one location with a skull found Brachiosaurus: Today, nearby. They assumed they belonged to the same people say Brachiosaurus dinosaur. They called it Brontosaurus. Today we probably lived on land. know better. The Brontosaurus exists only in But in the early 1900s, storybooks and cartoons! people thought it spent most of its time underwater with its head Styracosaurus: Spikes, sticking up like a giant claws, plates, horns, and snorkel. Now scientists beaks are sure signs of a know water pressure would ferocious ghting predator, have su ocated the animal. right? Not always. It turns out that Styracosaurus wasn’t a killer after all. It Tyrannosaurus Rex: Was T. Rex was a vegetarian. It used a scavenger or a predator? its beak to cut plants. A name that means “tyrant reptile king” screams “predator!” But many Stegosaurus: In old paintings, dino- argued “scavenger” saurs walk hunched over. They drag their rendering of the until a T. Rex tooth tails. Now we know the Stegosaurus Oculudentavis was found lodged walked upright with its tail held high. in a Hadrosaurus And those big plates on its back? They bone. They think most likely weren’t for protection. They Hadrosaurus were probably more like big radiators survived a ght bite. to help regulate body temperature.

Triceratops: Scientists decided they may have goofed. What they thought were two di erent kinds of dinosaurs turned out to be one kind— Triceratops. It’s just that fossils look di erent at di erent Deinonychus: stages of growth. People used to think dinosaurs had little in common with animals we know today. They were wrong. Deinonychus was a fast runner. Parts of its body worked like the body of a panther. Oviraptor: Dino bones were And its bone structure was like that of found near a nest. Scientists modern birds. gured the creature was stealing eggs. They called it Oviraptor.

Krieg Barrie Later discoveries showed that the Oviraptor was probably CRITTER FILE 1. gizmo 2. forbidding 3. secreted 4. regulate protecting its own nest. Too a) device a) friendly a) soaked up a) control late. The dinosaur is stuck with b) heart b) fri ghtening b) decayed b) let go

China University of Geosciences c) tail c) fascinating c) oozed out c) absorb a name that means “egg thief.” QUIZ Answers page 5 May/June 2020 • WORLDkids 25

5WK20_22-25_CF.indd 25 4/13/20 1:11 AM 5WK20_26-29_JB.indd 26 kids.wng.org/jet-balloon Veterinarians theretreat11,000 world’s largest falconhospital. calm andquiet. leather hoods. These keepthem prized birds. The falconswear He gentlystrokesoneofthe of minesince2007,”hesays. owner. “Thishasbeenahobby before theirnexthuntingtrip. waiting foraroutinecheck-up They’re Emirates. United Arab Dhabi’s falcon hospitalinthe in thewaitingroomof Abu The birdshavecometothe Eid al-Qobeissyistheir Two birdsperch majestically falcons eachyear. Does a falcon needa checkup? Routine talon trim- ming? Major children oftheBedouins.” “They areconsideredas the ered asbirds,”saysMs. Muller. harsh desertlife. possible forBedouinstosurvive to huntmeat. The birds madeit nomads. They usedtheraptors Their ancestorswereBedouin have ownedfalconsforcenturies. Emirates andnearbycountries keep afalconunderanesthesia.” hours. That isthelongestwecan can takeuptothreeorfour Muller. “Very longsurgeries . hospital’s directorMargit results inbiginjuries,”saysthe has areallymessyaccidentthat broken wings,orwhenafalcon dures areeitherbrokenlegsor about avian(bird)medicinethere. than 40countries. They learn come tothehospitalfrommore covered. Veterinarystudents surgery? The falconvetshaveit “Here falconsarenotconsid- People intheUnited Arab “The verycomplicatedproce- have theirownpassports. allowed too.aslong they the United Arab Emiratesare airplane cabins.Butfalcons in guide dogsareallowedinmain Normally, only animalssuchas the wingandinplanes. on Falcons doalotairtravel. treats falcons. A veterinary specialist mask. anesthetic wears an This falcon And theyﬂy likeittoo. falcon hospital waiting room Avian patients perched inthe 4/10/20 6:54PM

AP Photos Abu Dhabi,United his falcons inthe desert outsideof feeds hisbird aquail. Faclon owner Obaid to atraining session. Obaid drives hisfalcon Obaid training Arab Emirates falcon hospital waiting room Avian patients perched inthe

AP Photos 5WK20_26-29_JB.indd 27 Abu Dhabi,United his falcons inthe desert outsideof to atraining session. Obaid drives hisfalcon feeds hisbird aquail. Faclon owner Obaid Obaid training Arab Emirates Bedouin family innorthern Africa inthe 19th century God madefalconswithincredible same asithasbeensincecreation. But forafalcon,theworkis birds forfuninsteadofsurvival. their falcons. They huntwiththe nomads. Butmanystillcherish rifle range. could nabfarawaypreyoutof landscape. The sharp-eyedbirds as onewaytofindfoodinthedry sand. And theyreliedonfalcons told themwhohadcrossedthe skins. Their experttrackingskills They builttentsfromcamel living conditionsinthedesert. navigate. They overcametough move, usingtheSunandstarsto Bedouins werealwaysonthe herded goatsandcamels. They PeninsulaandNorth Africa. place tointhe Arabian Arab peoplewhotraveledfrom pets. They’re partofthefamily. Bedouin clans,falconsaren’t just Today, fewBedouinsliveas Historically, Bedouinswere Is thatabrother?Orbird?In a greattool.andfriend. loyalty. Intheend,masterhas He orsheslowlywinsthefalcon’s doesn’t useforcetotrainabird. a longtime. A falconmaster but thistimeforthemaster. hunts, itbringsbackpreyasusual, for food. Then whenthefalcon voice. Itstartstorelyontheperson falcon growsusedtohisorher person’s arm.Littlebylittle,the weeks. The birdwillperchonthe taming processtakesaboutfour capture afalconandtameit. The in needofdinner? A personcan gazelles. take downanimalsaslarge as and workingtogether, theycan kill creaturesassmallrabbits, their notchedbeaks.Falconscan can snapprey’s spinalcordswith of killingwiththeirtalons,they flying highaboveafield!Instead can evenseemouseurinewhile vision andhuntingability. Some Training afalcontohunttakes How doesallthishelpaperson May/June 2020 •WORLDkids 4/10/20 6:54PM 27 5WK20_26-29_JB.indd 28 28 This illustrationiron rain depicts intheatmosphere ofPlanet Wasp-76b. without warning. Don’t blink! You might missaweather phenomenoninspace. glow.objects Asteroids careen through raining glassshards. Lightning erupts fragments.black holeisejecting Stand guard! Neptune’s moonisspittinglava! space hail. planets likegiant They pummel rock andmetal. solid lumpsof Asteroids are Space “Hail” Space weather Storms canlastfor iswacky! centuries. even Some makespace Look up!It’s raining diamonds. Watch out!It’s snowing metal. careful! Be A WORLDkids •May/June 2020 last for centuries. last glow that can cause asurface storms crystal Magnetized “good-bye.” a storm says When astardies, Space Storms Light-years-long melts them. Jupiter’s heat ground long. don’t stay onthe mond. Diamonds intoturns dia- hardens,carbon it Whencarbon. methane gasinto Lightening turns on Jupiter. How? sparkle Rainy skies Rain Diamond For onehot,farawayworld,theforecastisrain.Iron rain. Wasp-76b issoscorchingthatironvaporizes in theatmosphere.POOF! The mysteriousiron-rainingmega-planetis 390 light-yearsaway. Astronomers noticed that itscloudsarefullofmetaldroplets. to sixyears. it willrage for two storm getsgoing, planet. Butonce a form onthat takes years to Astorm of Earth! They are thesize Neptune’s storms. anything like We’ve never seen StormsShocking They thinkironcondensesonthe cool nightsideoftheplanet. That’s whereitturnstorain. Scientists watchtheplan- et’s weatherpatterns on Earth. on Earth. radio transmissions sion interfered with 2016,anexplo- In ed telegraph service. solar storm disrupt- 1882,a In powerful. sions are incredibly times theseexplo- explodes. Some- the Sun’s plasma About once aweek, Predictable Plasma with anewinstru- ment onthe European 4/10/20 6:55PM

AP Photos Southern Observatory’s Very Large daytime on the side of the planet that Jet Balloon Telescope in Chile. faces its star. The sky stays clear, and It’s “like droplets of metal falling you can imagine it’s hot there—4,350 QUIZ from the sky,” says Christophe Lovis degrees. It is always nighttime on the of the University of Geneva, Switzer- other side of the planet. There, temps 1. Falcons are raptors. So are ____. land. He’s part of the research team drop down to a mere 2,700 degrees. a) owls whose study will appear in the journal The sky on the “cool” side stays over- b) woodpeckers Nature. Imagine melted metal dripping cast with iron rain. c) geese out of a cloudy sky! Strong wind gusts across Wasp-76b. d) chickens Planet Wasp-76b is nearly two Wind bursts exceed 11,000 mph. 2. Home of bedouin times the size of Jupiter. It’s always They sweep some of the iron vapors nomads from the day side to the night side of a) forest the planet. Cooler weather on the night b) desert c) moutains The mysterious iron-raining mega-planet is side causes clouds to form. Curiously, d) jungle iron vapor isn’t around in the morning. That’s probably because it rains on the 3. Planet Wasp-76b is closest to the size night side. The iron clouds burst when of ____. they become full of iron raindrops. a) Mercury Isn’t the climate on Wasp-76b b) Earth Scientists watch the plan- crazy? It’s the only faraway world c) Mars d) Jupiter where iron has been spotted dripping with a new instru- from the sky. Is its iron rain a drench- 4. This planet’s Giant ing downpour or a light drizzle? So Red Spot is actually a storm. far, scientists can’t tell. a) Jupiter But one thing’s certain: It’s not b) Saturn Answers raining cats and dogs. Just iron. c) Mars p5 d) Venus

5. Falcon training is A poster designed by Swiss graphic novelist Frederik Peeters now mostly a hobby. shows a dancing astronaut holding up an umbrella in front Explain its use for of an orange waterfall-like deluge of iron rain. “Singing in Bedouin nomads in the Iron Rain,” the poster reads. “An evening on WASP-76B.” past times.

Wild Winds Enormous Black Hole Slices of Glass Lightning Solar wind continu- Sandstorms Blasts Exoplanet HD Solar winds ously ows outward Jupiter has giant Material that 189773B rains spark lightening from the Sun. Our sandstorms. In shoots out of glass. Horizontal strikes on Earth. super star’s wind is fact, the planet’s black holes is shards pour from made up of protons Great Red Spot is traveling at the skies above and electrons in a the largest record- close to the the planet. plasma state. ed space storm. speed of light. ed telegraph service.

How’s the weather out there? You never know. But we do know who created it all. Ah, Lord God! It is you who have made the heavens and the earth by your great power and by your outstretched arm! — Jeremiah 32:17 AP Photos

May/June 2020 • WORLDkids 29

5WK20_26-29_JB.indd 29 4/10/20 6:55 PM What’s in a Name?

Take courage! Comfort waits on one The USNS Comfort coast. Mercy waits on the other. These ﬂ oating hospitals were once oil tankers. They were reﬁ tted by the U.S. Navy 30 years ago. Now they’re helping Ameri- cans in the war against the coronavirus. Each ship has a dozen operating rooms, 1,000 beds and up to 1,200 medical staff. They have responded during wars, terrorist attacks, and hurricanes at home and around the world. Now they are caring for non-coronavirus patients. That makes space in New York and California hospitals crowded with those suffering from COVID-19. When people rush to give each other comfort and mercy, they’re acting like God. Can you spot the two ship names in 2 Corinthians 1:3? More shorts online every day!

What’s that sound beneath the Eiffel Tower? It’s silence. You don’t get a lot of that in big cities! Paris Hush They often struggle with noise pollution. But now about 150 monitoring stations around Paris record an “unusual silence.” To slow the spread of coronavirus, authorities have banned tourism. Lockdown started in Paris on March 17. Millions of Parisians stay home. The city grows quiet. Airports become still. Road trafﬁ c slows to a trickle. kids.wng.org Still, there is one sound Parisia ns are hearing a lot more of lately: birdsong.

A sound map of Paris before (left) and during (right) the virus lockdown. Meet Perseverance

Alex Mather wins! The seventh grader from Virginia gets to choose the name for NASA’s Alex Mather next Mars rover. His choice? Perseverance. Thousands of kids wrote essays for the naming contest. “We are a species of explorers and we will meet many setbacks on the way to Mars,” Alex wrote in his winning essay. “Howev- er, we can persevere.” a bike. Now Perseverance will join Curiosity. People are made to persevere—to keep at a Start with Curiosity. Add some Perseverance. task until the end. (Read Romans 5:4.) NASA’s That sounds like a great recipe for exploration! Curiosity rover has been roaming Mars since Alex and his family will watch Perseverance 2012. Back then, Alex probably couldn’t even ride launch from Cape Canaveral in July.

30 WORLDkids • May/June 2020 AP Photos

5WK20_30-31_ShortsX6.indd 30 4/13/20 1:09 AM Check out this heart- warming sight from the Rescue Me! deep cold of space. Two satellites are hugging. The Intelsat satellite launched 19 years ago. It grew old in space . . . and also started “running out of gas.” Another satellite, MEV-1, launched to the rescue last October. In February, MEV-1 The view from met Intelsat 22,500 miles above Earth. It clamped on. MEV-1 as it The duo will remain attached for the next ﬁ ve years. approaches MEV-1 takes over the satellite it attaches to. It the Intelsat controls orbit and direction. You can see how this satellite ability could help solve the problem of “space junk.” After Intels at, MEV-1 will move on. It will help other aging satellites work a little longer.

More shorts online every day! Wash your . . . Fins?

Wash your hands Doo doo doo doo Wash your hands

Grab some soap Doo doo doo doo . . .

Everyone knows the kids.wng.org “Baby Shark” song! Have you heard the to the familiar tune. hand washing version? Entertainment company Pinkfong uploaded The favorite song has been reworked to its original version of “Baby Shark” to YouTube teach good hygiene. This helps ﬁ ght the in June 2016. It has been viewed 4.6 billion times. COVID-19 virus. The song reminds kids to cough Will kids like the handwashing song as much? If into their elbows and stay healthy. Families they do, there will be a lot of small, clean hands upload videos of their children washing hands around the world!

“What have you been doing? You’re beet-red!” “We’ve been making blue color from beets.” And that would BeetBlue turn you as red as a beet juice stain. We see more blue in nature than any other color (sky, water), but compared to other colors, blue pigments are actually rare. Beets produce chemical compounds called betalains. Those are natural pigments Scientists at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil have found a way to break apart and change betalains to produce a blue color. BeetBlue holds its color, dissolves in water, and is not toxic. The future is bright for blue.

AP Photos May/June 2020 • WORLDkids 31

5WK20_30-31_ShortsX6.indd 31 4/10/20 5:24 PM 1 From Mt. Chilly to Twix you travel __. a) dirt road, b) train, c) highway a) 450, b) 140, c) 290 mostly __. a) south, b) north, c) west 6 You found a cheap plane ticket 8 Walker is which direction from 2 About how many miles is a flight from Top Prop Field to Far Field. Mt. Chilly? a) north, b) northeast, from Far Field to Corner Field? But your cheap flight stops first at c) southeast, d) southwest a) 110, b) 20, c) 80 Corner Field and then O’Whare on 9 Which city is not a capital? 3 From the capital of Burgistan to the way. About how many total miles a) Burgg, b) Wink, c) Cornerville, the capital of Normland your road will you fly? a) 150, b) 90, c) 40 d) Mt. Chilly won’t go __. a) west, b) north, 7 Use a string to measure. 10 You will encounter roadwork c) east, d) south How many miles of dusty dirt road while driving from __. a) New Moon 4 Rafting down Slippery Rock River runs from Walker to Mt. Chilly? to Cornerville, b) Bobble to Mt. you will not go through __. Chilly, c) New Moon to Goober a) Nordunk, b) Normland, 11 Kitty Korner River flows mostly c) Burgistan, d) Zerbia. in these directions. a) north-south, 5 To visit Normland, do not travel by b) southwest-northeast, c) east-west

Mt. Chilly NORMLAND Top Prop r ve Ri k Cornerville oc R ery Slipp Corner Field

r e Goober iv Dirty er R y Korn Sock Kitt Lake Wink

Carter New Moon Right Du Lake Pine Lake BURGISTAN Walker Burgg NORDUNK Twix ZERBIA Bobble

Bugspot Lake North Railroad West East Highway

South Chainsaw O'Whare Dirt Road Repair City Rest Area Capital

1 inch = Airport 10 miles Far Field Jones Lake VICTORIA

32 WORLDkids • May/June 2020 R. BishopR. Bishop

5WK20_32_PTb.indd 32 4/10/20 5:07 PM