Chronologie 2009

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Chronologie 2009 www.reiner-bernstein.de 1 – Chronologie – 2009 Chronologie 2009 Dezember 2009 31.12.2009: Der Islamische Forschungsrat, der vom Sheikh der Al-Azhar Universität in Kairo geleitet wird, veröffentlicht ein Rechtsgutachten zum Bau der unterirdischen Stahlwand an der Grenze zum Gazastreifen, das die Entscheidung der Regierung gutheißt: „In islamischer Hinsicht ist es einer der legitimen Rechte Ägyptens, Barrieren zu bauen, die [künftig] den Schaden ausschließen, der durch die Tunnel unter ägyptischem Boden entstanden ist, die für den Schmuggel von Drogen und anderen Produkten genutzt wurden und die Sicherheit und Stabilität Ägyptens und seiner Interessen bedrohen und erschüttern.“ Diejenigen, die sich gegen den Bau des Walls wenden, würden die „Sharia“ – das islamische Religionsgesetz – verletzen, heißt es in dem Gutachten weiter. Andere islamische Rechtsgelehrte distanzieren sich von ihm. Auch ägyptische Intellektuelle und Publizisten schließen sich der Ablehnung an. 30.12.2009: Am Ende von 2009 beläuft sich die Zahl der Israelis auf 7,5 Millionen Personen, davon sind 5,7 Millionen Juden (75,4 Prozent) und 1,5 Millionen arabische [moslemische und christliche] Palästinenser (20,3 Prozent). Die restlichen 319.000 werden vom Statistischen Zentralamt als Christen und Angehörige anderer Religionen ausgewiesen, die in Israel leben. In der Ausgabe zum Jahresabschluss 2010 berichtet der US- amerikanische „Report on Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories“, dass in den dreizehn Stadtteilen im einstigen arabischen Jerusalem – East Talpiot, French Hill (Givat www.reiner-bernstein.de 2 – Chronologie – 2009 Shapira), Gilo, Givat haMatos/Ramat Eshkol (Ost), Maalot Dafna/Kiryat Ariyeh, Neve Yaacov, Jüdisches Viertel in der Altstadt, Pisgat Zeev, Ramot Alon, Ramat Eshkol (West), Ramat Shlomo, Sanhedria haMurhevet/Har haHozrim – zwischen 2000 und 2007 die Zahl der jüdischen Bewohner von 172.248 auf 189.708 gestiegen ist. Das Auslandsbüro der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung in Jerusalem berichtet von einer gemeinsamen Umfragen des „Harry S.Truman Institute for the Advancement of Peace“ und des „Palestinian Center for Policy and Public Opinion“ unter Palästinensern und Israelis. Danach befürworten 60 Prozent der Palästinenser die Arabische Friedensinitiative von 2002, 23 Prozent glauben, dass Israel auf lange Sicht die Westbank annektieren wolle beziehungsweise seine Staatsgrenzen bis zum Jordan ausweiten und die arabischen Bewohner ausweisen wolle (53 Prozent). Ein Viertel der palästinensischen Befragten befürwortet die Eroberung Israels und die Vernichtung der dortigen jüdischen Bevölkerung. Auf israelischer Seite zweifeln 18 Prozent daran, dass die Palästinenser ernsthaft einen Frieden und die Gründung ihres Staates in der Westbank, in Ost-Jerusalem und im Gazastreifen anstreben. 50 Prozent halten die Zerstörung Israels letztendlich für das palästiennsische Ziel. Fast die Hälfte lehnt den von Benjamin Netanyahu angekündigten Siedlungsstopp ab. 50 Prozent halten einen Dialog mit einer palästinensischen Einheitsregierung für denkbar. 29.12.2009: Ministerpräsident Benjamin Netanyahu trifft in Kairo mit Staatspräsident Hosni Mubarak zu Gesprächen zusammen. Es soll vor allem um das Verhältnis zu „Hamas“ sowie um die Wiederaufnahme der Gespräche zwischen Israel und der Palästinensischen Autonomiebehörde gegangen sein. Vor einigen Tagen hatte Ägypten die Sperranlagen zum Gazastreifen massiv verstärkt. www.reiner-bernstein.de 3 – Chronologie – 2009 Die „Jerusalem Post“ berichtet, dass das Oberste Gericht dem Antrag von dreißig Palästinensern stattgegeben hat, ab Mitte 2010 die Autobahn 443 zwischen Jerusalem, dem Flughafen Ben-Gurion und Tel Aviv befahren zu können: Bis dahin habe das Militär Zeit zur Vorbereitung. Für den Bau hatte der Militärgouverneur für die Westbank einen vierzehn Kilometer langen Abschnitt palästinensischen Grund und Bodens enteignet. Die sechsspurige Schnellstrecke war nach Terrorattacken 2002 für alle Palästinenser gesperrt worden. Am 31. Dezember ergänzt das Blatt, dass das Verteidigungsministerium nach juristischen Argumenten suche, um eine Welle von Gerichtsverfahren zu verhindern, die mit der Öffnung weiterer Straßen für palästinesische Verkehrsteilnehmer enden könnten. Nach Angaben der Menschenrechtsorganisation „B’tselem (Im Angesicht, Gen 1, 27)“ würde dies auf 59 Straßen in der Westbank zutreffen. 28.12.2009: Das israelische Wohnungsbauministerium bestätigt die Ausschreibung für den Bau von 692 neuen Wohneinheiten im Großraum Jerusalem: 377 in Neve Yaacov, 198 in Pisgat Zeev und 117 in Har Homa. Da auch der Wohnungsbau in anderen Teilen der Westbank ungehindert vorangeht, beschuldigt am 29. Dezember der Generalsekretär von „Peace Now“, Yariv Oppenheimer, die Regierung, mit ihrer Ankündigung eines zehnmonatigen Siedlungsstopps die israelische und die internationale Öffentlichkeit hinters Licht zu führen. Am 1. Januar 2010 berichtet Akiva Eldar in „Haaretz“, dass nach Angaben von „Yesh Din (Es gibt ein Recht)“ und „Peace Now“ die Bautätigkeit in mehr als fünfzig Siedlungen und zwei Industriezonen der Westbank im vollen Gange sei. Dazu würden auch Nutzflächen von palästinensischen Bauern beschlagnahmt. Rund dreitausend Wohneinheiten seien von der Ankündigung eines zehnmonatigen Siedlungsstopps durch Benjamin Netanyahu nicht betroffen. www.reiner-bernstein.de 4 – Chronologie – 2009 „Haaretz“ berichtet, dass der frühere Justizminister Yossi Beilin in geschlossener Sitzung des Leitungsgremiums von „Meretz“ erklärt habe, dass Ministerpräsident Benjamin Netanyahu nahe an einer Vereinbarung mit den USA über die künftige Grenze zu Palästina auf der Grundlage der „Grünen Linie“ vor 1967 mit der Maßgabe eines Gebietsaustauches sei. Die dafür notwendigen Verhandlungen mit der Palästinensischen Autonomiebehörde sollten zwei Jahre in Anspruch nehmen. Im einzelnen habe Beilin berichtet, dass Netanyahu – dem Zeitplan zwar zustimme, aber keine Zusage gebe, dass dann ein Ergebnis erzielt sei, – Verhandlungen über Jerusalem zustimme, ohne sich auf Ergebnisse festzulegen, – das palästinensische Flüchtlingsproblem multilateral lösen wolle, – bereit sei, alle früheren Vereinbarungen einzuhalten, – die Arabische Friedeninitiative nicht unterstütze, jedoch bereit sei, dass sie wie alle anderen Friedenspläne in Betracht gezogen werde, wenn sie den Friedensprozess fördern. Ein Sprecher Netanyahus weist Beilins Bericht als unbegründet zurück, während ein nicht näher identifiziertes Mitglied der US- Administration einräumt, dass sich die Dinge in diese Richtung bewegen, aber noch kein Ergebnis erreicht se 1i. Die Europäische Union überweist an die „United Nations Restitution and Works Agency (UNRWA)“ zusätzlich 5,5 Millionen Euro für Umweltprogramme und für die Gesundheitsvorsorge der Bevölkerung im Gazastreifen. Am 29. Dezember berichtet der Israel- Korrespondent der „Süddeutschen Zeitung“, Peter Münch, von den www.reiner-bernstein.de 5 – Chronologie – 2009 kaum erträglichen Lebensbedingungen der dreitausend Fischer im Gazastreifen, denen von der israelischen Marine der Fischfang außerhalb der verordneten Drei-Meilen-Zone untersagt sei 2. 27.12.2009: Nach der Beisetzung des ranghöchsten schiitischen Geistlichen Irans, Groß-Ayatollah Hussein Ali Montazeri, am 20. Dezember in seinem Heimatort Nadjafabad, bei denen Tausend regimekritische Demonstranten auf die Straße gingen, flammen neue Auseinandersetzungen am „Ashura“ – dem Tag der Erinnerung an den Mohammed-Enkel Hussein, Sohn des Schiitenbegründers Ali und dritter schiitischer Imam, der am 20. Muharram (02.03.680) in der Schlacht von Kerbela (Irak) unter dem Omayyaden-Kalifen Yazid den Märtyrertod durch Enthauptung stirbt – in Teheran auf. Dabei kommen nach offiziellen Angaben acht Demonstranten zu Tode, andere Quellen nennen eine erheblich größere Zahl. Zu ihnen gehört der Neffe des am 12. Juni bei den Präsidentschaftswahlen unterlegenenen Mir Hussein Mussawi. Mitarbeiter des früheren Präsidenten Mohammad Chatami und des ehemaligen Außenministers Ibrahim Jasdi werden festgenommen. Beobachter haben den Eindruck, dass die Demonstrationen allmählich der Führung entgleiten und sich verselbständigen. Der Iran-Experte der „Süddeutschen Zeitung“, Rudolph Chimelli, erwartet einen langen Abnutzungskrieg, bei dem das Regime auf Dauer die schlechteren Chancen habe 3. Am 30. Dezember berichtet die staatlich kontrollierte Nachrichtenagentur „Irna“, dass die Oppositionsführer Mussawi und Mehdi Karubi vor dem „Volkszorn“ in Sicherheit gebracht worden seien, während andere Quellen davon sprechen, dass sie in den Norden Irans flohen. Die in wenigen Tagen in Genf anstehende neue Runde im Atomstreit steht unter einem schlechten Stern. Am 01. Januar 2010 zeigt sich Mussawi in einer Internet- Botschaft zum Märtyrertod bereit, um den Forderungen nach Freiheit Nachdruck zu verleihen. www.reiner-bernstein.de 6 – Chronologie – 2009 Eine Gruppe von internationalen Friedensaktivisten trifft in Kairo ein mit dem Ziel, in den Gazastreifen überzuwechseln und sich dem „Gaza Fredom March“ anzuschließen. Nach mehrfachen Bemühungen, die von den ägyptischen Sicherheitskräften unterbunden werden, dürfen am 31. Dezember 85 der rund 1400 Aktivisten die Grenze bei Rafah überqueren. Die übrigen halten auf dem Kairoer Tahrir-Platz eine Mahnwache, bevor sie Ägypten wieder verlassen 4. Arabische Medien melden, dass im Süden Beiruts –der Hochburg von „Hisbollah“ – drei Personen einem Anschlag zum Opfer gefallen seien, von denen zwei zu „Hamas“ gehört hätten. 26.12.2009: Das britische Internet-Portal „Redress Information & Analysis“
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