correspondence Excessive Chinese concerns over genetically engineered food safety are unjustifed

To the Editor — Over 20 years of genetically smaller quantities of canola oil, cottonseed improve public understanding of GE engineered (GE) crops have boosted oil, papaya, yellow squash and other soy technology and its benefits14, and a more agricultural productivity and improved the products9. Americans also consume GE evidence-based approach should be taken agroecological environment1,2. Although crops indirectly by eating meat derived in regulatory decision-making regarding great economic, ecological and social from animals raised using GE fodder crops. commercialization of GE crop lines, benefits have been realized with the Genetically engineered crops are presently rather than bowing to pressure from adoption of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produced in 26 countries, and more anti-GE groups15. ❐ cotton in China3–5, this experience has than 60 countries import and consume not facilitated adoption of GE food crops them8,10. In 2016, a National Academies Yunhe Li 1 ✉ , Eric M. Hallerman 2 ✉ and because of excessive concern over the safety of Science, Engineering and Medicine Yufa Peng1 of GE food6. For example, although two committee examined epidemiological 1State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases Bt rice lines, Bt Shanyou 63 and Huahui data on incidence of cancers and other and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese No. 1, were issued biosafety certificates in human-health problems over time and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. 2009, and Huahui No. 1 was approved for found no substantiated evidence that 2Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, consumption by the US Food and Drug foods from GE crops were less safe than Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Administration in 2018, the lines have not foods from non-GE crops1. Additionally, Blacksburg, VA, USA. yet been planted commercially in China4. long-term data on livestock health before ✉e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Social surveys suggest that opposition to and after the introduction of GE crops GE crops is largely attributed to extensive showed no adverse effects associated with Published online: 18 May 2020 concern regarding their safety as food and GE crops. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0685-4 fodder, rather than concern regarding While biosafety certificates have been 6,7 References environmental risks . For example, a issued for GE strains of cotton, rice, corn 1. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. survey in 2018 by Cui and Shoemaker and papaya, only cotton and papaya can Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects showed over 46% of respondents having be commercially planted in China11. (Te National Academies Press, 2016); https://www.nap.edu/ 6 catalog/23395/genetically-engineered-crops-experiences- a negative view of GE food . Although Consumers’ concerns on GE food safety and-prospects massive scientific literature and multiple have made the Chinese government 2. Brookes, G. & Barfoot, P. GM Crops Food 9, 59–89 (2018). international authorities have confirmed cautious in decision-making regarding 3. Lu, Y., Wu, K., Guo, Y. & Desneux, N. Nature 487, 1 362–365 (2012). the food safety of approved GE food , commercialization of GE crops, resulting 4. Li, Y., Hallerman, E. M., Wu, K. & Peng, Y. Ann. Rev. Entomol. consumers appear more willing to believe in ongoing delays of approval of GE staple 65, 273–292 (2020). non-scientific misinformation and even crops, such as corn, rice and soybean12. 5. Qiao, F., Huang, J. & Wang, X. World Dev. 98, 351–59 (2017). 6. Cui, K. & Shoemaker, S. P. NPJ Sci. Food 2, 10 (2018). illogical rumours that are easily accessed Meanwhile, China imports large quantities 7. Larson, C. Can the Chinese government get its people to like from the internet and other media, such as of GE grains from other countries; import G.M.O.s? New Yorker http://newyorker.com/tech/annals-of- WeChat 6. With past food safety scandals, certificates have been issued for GE lines technology/can-the-chinese-government-get-its-people-to- including milk powder tainted with of soybeans, corn, rape, cotton and beets, like-g-m-o-s (2015). 8. GM Approval Database (ISAAA, accessed 2020); https://www. melamine and rice with dangerous levels allowing them to be imported as raw isaaa.org/gmapprovaldatabase/ of cadmium, the Chinese public has little materials for domestic processing11. For 9. Sharp, R. Americans eat their weight in genetically engineered faith in food safety authorities7. Instead of example, imports of soybean have increased food. AgMag https://www.ewg.org/agmag/2012/10/ americans-eat-their-weight-genetically-engineered-food (2012). once again emphasizing the safety of GE year-by-year, reaching 83.9 million tons 10. GMOs globally. GMO Answers https://gmoanswers.com/ food using scientific data, we present two by 2016, 98% of which is GE soybean. The gmos-globally (2020). contexts illuminating how delays in approval Chinese Minister of Agriculture confirmed 11. Li, Y. et al. Plant Cell Rep. 33, 565–573 (2014). 12. Pray, C. et al. Glob. Food Secur.-Agr. 16, 133–137 (2018). of GE crop lines for commercial cultivation to reporters in 2014 that soybean oil 13. Zhao, H. Agriculture minister reafrms safety of GM foods. because of excessive food safety concerns produced in China is derived from imported China Daily http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/food/2014-03/07/ are unjustified. GE material and is safe13. Considerable GE content_17329209.htm (2014). 14. Han, F., Shelton, A. M. & Zhou, D. Nat. Biotechnol. 34, 693 (2016). Those against GE foods in China believe corn is also imported. These developments 15. Adenle, A. A. et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 36, 137–139 (2018). that consumption of GE food will impair have resulted in the ironic situation that, human health, and that people from the as the result of the public’s ‘food safety’ Acknowledgements USA and Europe do not consume GE foods. concerns, GE food can be consumed, This work is supported by the National GMO New Variety However, 144 GE events distributed among but most GE crops are not approved for Breeding Program of the People’s Republic of China (2016ZX08011-001). 15 edible crops have been approved in production, in China. the USA8. GE crops are widely produced, Excessive concerns on GE food safety Author contributions and the average American annually by Chinese consumers are unjustified, and Y.L. conceived of the idea for this Correspondence. Y.L. and consumes large quantities of GE food the current situation of ‘being allowed E.M.H. collected the data and drafted the manuscript. products, including beet sugar (31 kg), to eat, but not to plant’ is irrational. To Y.P. provided critical comments and revised the manuscript. corn syrup (26 kg), soybean oil (17 kg) and address this situation, China should Competing interests corn-based products (13 kg), as well as develop a comprehensive program to The authors declare no competing interests.

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