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(READ) : Environmental Assessment REPUBLIC OF THE GAMBIA Public Disclosure Authorized _________________________ Results for Education Achievement and Development Project (READ) Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) _______________________ FINAL REPORT (REVISED VERSION) Public Disclosure Authorized June 2016 Bolong L. Sonko Consultant Public Disclosure Authorized TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Project Description................................................................................................................................ 13 1.3 Project Components .............................................................................................................................. 13 1.4 Project Sub-components likely to Trigger Negative Environmental and Social Impacts .................... 13 1.5 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.6 Methodology used to prepare the ESMF .............................................................................................. 14 1.7 Project Sites and the Biophysical and Socioeconomic Environment ................................................... 14 2.1. The Objective of the ESMF .................................................................................................................. 22 2.2. Justification ........................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1. National Policy Framework .................................................................................................................. 24 3.2. Legal Frameworks ................................................................................................................................ 25 3.3 Overview of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies .............................................................................. 30 3.4 Comparative Analysis of Gambian Laws with World Bank Safeguard Policy OP4.12 ....................... 32 3.5 Institutional Framework for the Environmental Management .............................................................. 32 4.1 Environmental Impacts of the Proposed READ Project Activities ...................................................... 34 4.2 Social Impacts of the Proposed READ Project Activities .................................................................... 38 5.1. The Environmental and Social Screening Process ................................................................................ 39 5.2. The Screening Steps .............................................................................................................................. 39 6.1 Environmental Management Plan for the Implementation of the READ Project ................................ 44 6.2. Institutions Responsible for Implementing and Monitoring the Mitigation Measures ......................... 46 6.3 Capacity Building for the Environmental and Social Management of the Project ............................... 47 6.4 Monitoring Plan - Monitoring Indicators .............................................................................................. 48 6.5. Budget for the Environmental and Social Management of the Education Project ............................... 50 6.6. Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 50 ii List of Annexes Annex 1: Environment and Social Screening Checklist (ESSC) .......................................................................... 52 Annex 2: Mitigation Measures List ...................................................................................................................... 59 Annex 3: Environmental Guidelines for Contractors ........................................................................................... 74 Annex 4: Summary of the World Bank Protection Policies ................................................................................. 75 Annex 5: Draft EA Terms of Reference ............................................................................................................... 78 Annex 6: Projects to be Considered for Environmental Impact Assessment ....................................................... 80 Annex 7: Summary of Consultations with Stakeholders ...................................................................................... 83 Annex 8: Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 85 Annex 9: List of Persons Contacted ..................................................................................................................... 86 Annex 10: Terms of Reference (TOR) ................................................................................................................. 87 List of Tables Table 1: Declining Forest Cover in The Gambia from 1946 to 2005 ................................................................... 17 Table 2: National Parks and Nature Reserves in The Gambia .............................................................................. 18 Table 3: Population Growth in The Gambia Over the Years ................................................................................ 21 Table 4:Adverse Environmental Impacts due to Infrastructure Construction / Rehabilitation ............................ 36 Table 5: Adverse Environmental Impacts prior to, during and after Construction /Rehabilitation ...................... 36 Table 6: Adverse Environmental Impacts of the Water Supply infrastructures ................................................... 37 Table 7: Adverse Environmental Impacts of Socio-Economic Activities e.g., Agricultural Activities ............... 37 Table 8:Institutional Responsibilities in the Screening Process ........................................................................... 43 Table 9: Sample EMP presented in the form of a Table ...................................................................................... 45 Table 10: Outline of Training topics for the Various Categories of Stakeholders ............................................... 47 Table 11:Environmental Indicators: Loss of vegetation; Land degradation; Compliance with Legislations. ...... 49 List of Figures Figure 1: Elevation map of the Gambia. ............................................................................................................... 16 Figure 2: Land use/ land cover map of The Gambia ............................................................................................ 19 iii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BDO Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand EA Environmental Assessment ECD Early Childhood Development EFA Education For All EFP Environment Focal Point EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ESSC Environmental and Social Screening Checklist ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework GAMWORKS Gambia Agency for Public Works GEAP Gambia Environment Action Plan GPE Global Partnership for Education HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HTC Higher Teachers Certificate ICT Information Communication Technology ICT-CFT ICT-Competency Framework for Teachers IDA International Development Association LACA Land Acquisition and Compensation Act LBS Lower Basic School MoBSE Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education MOHERST Ministry of Higher Education, Research, Science and Technology NEA National Environment Agency NEMA National Environment Management Act NEMAC National Environmental Management Council NEMP National Environmental Management Programme NGO Non-Governmental Organization OP Operational Policy PAP Project Affected Persons PTC Primary Teacher Certificate PCU Projects Coordination Unit (Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education) RAP Resettlement Action Plan READ Results for Education Achievement and Development Project RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SSS Senior Secondary School STI Science and Technology Innovation TAC Technical Advisory Committee TANGO The Association of Non-Governmental Organisations TEP Third Education Project TOR Terms of Reference iv UBS Upper Basic School VDC Village Development Committee WB World Bank v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND The Government of the Republic of Gambia through the Ministry of Basic & Secondary Education is preparing The Results for Education Achievement and Development (READ) project aimed at increasing access to basic education including early childhood development and improving the quality of teaching and learning as well as strengthening the education system of the Gambia. PROJECT COMPONENTS Increase Access to Basic Education in hard to reach Areas: The purpose of this component is to enhance enrolment at the basic level by increasing access to Early Childhood Education, and the universalization of basic education. Improving Quality of Teaching and Learning: This component aims at improving quality of teaching and learning including developing the foundational skills such as reading in lower grades, reforming the pre-service teacher training program, strengthening current teachers’ competencies in pedagogical and content knowledge, improving teacher
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