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The Magic of the Horse Shoe

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The Magic of the Horse Shoe T H E MAGIC OF THE HORSE- SHOE with ®tljet fnlhz il nt e skat es B Y l/ MEA LA E N REN M . D S W C . ROBERT , L O N D O N G AY A ND B IRD T S T RA ND 2 2 BEDFO RD S T REE , 1 898 THE study of the origin and history of popul ar cus f ds un attain toms and beliefs af or an insight, otherwise O t able, into the pera ions of the human mind in early t ifn e s. t o Supersti ions, h wever trivial in themselves, l e co re ics of paganism though they be, and oft ntimes m l e parable to banefu weeds, are now consider d proper il subjects for scientific research . Wh e the ignorant savage is a slave to many superstitious fancies which his t dominate every action , the educated man s rives to a s rofit be free from such a bondage, yet recognizes p _ able the study of those same beliefs . The heterogene ous character of the material drawn from so many dif sources has rendered it ficult, if not impossible, to follow any distinctly systematic treatment of the sub jcet . However, the development in recent years of a widespread interest in all branches of folk-lore war rants the hope that any volume devoted to this sub e ct t l j , and represen ing somewhat di igent research, may iv PREFACE have a certain value, in spite of its imperfections . The expert folk-l orist may find much to criticise ; but this n i o u book, treati g of popular bel efs, is intended for p p ’ lar reading . It has been the writer s aim to make the - chapter on the Horse Shoe as exhaustive as possible, as this attractive symbol of superstition does not appear to have received hitherto the attention which it merits . This chapter is the outgrowt h of a paper read at the seventh annual meeting of the American Folk-Lore 28 1895 ab Society, at Philadelphia, December , , an stract of which appeared in the Society’ s Journal for 1 9 8 6 . December, l Extended quotations are indicated by smal er type . R . M . L . BOS ON Se te mbe r 1 1898 . T , p , CONTENTS THE M AGIC o r THE Hon sn sn ox FORTUNE AND Lc THE FOLK-LORE or C OMM ON S ALT THE OM ENS OF SNEEZING DAYS o r GOOD A ND EVIL OMEN S UPERS TITI OUS DEALING S WI TH ANIM A L S THE LUCK OF ODD NUMBERS TOPICAL INDE% THE M AGI C OF THE HORSE— S HOE ’ A n d st ill o e r m an y a n e ighb orin g d oor ’ - She saw the horse sh oe s c urv ed ch arm . ’ HI IER The W tch s D au hter . W TT , i g - ar thou as e ve r d a thou had st cke d u a horse sho e . Happy t , if y y pi p FELLOW Evan e n e . LONG , g li T H RS E-S HOE I . HIS TORY OF HE O THE evolution of the modern horse-shoe from the primitive foot-gear for draught animals used in ancient t times furnishes an interes ing subject for investigation . %enophon and other historians recommended various processes for hardening and strengt hening the hoofs of horses and mules,l and from this negative evidence some writers have inferred that the ancients were ign o of rant farriery . It seems indeed cert ain that the practice of protecting the feet of horses was not uni h t e . Fabre tti versal among Greeks and Romans , an Italian antiquary, examined with care the representa tions of horses on many ancient columns and marbles, and found but one instance in which the horse appeared C a n et Ne w bi Cyclop ce d ia . 2 THE MAGIC OF THE HORSE- SHOE to be shod and in most specimens of ancient art the - ir on horse shoe is conspicuous by its absence . But in i the mosaic portraying the battle of Issus, wh ch was 1831 i unearthed at Pompeii in , and wh ch is now in the Naples Museum, is the figure of a horse whose feet appear to be shod with iron shoes similar to those in 2 modern use ; and in an ancient Finnish incantation ’ Le n orm an t s against the plague, quoted in Chaldean ” : Magic and Sorcery, occur these lines 0 S cour e e r P e a e th h . g d pa t ; lagu , t k y flig t I will give the h or se h wh ch t o e sca e hose oe s ll n ot s e e a wit i p , w sh s ha lid ice n or ose e e on the r oc s. on , wh f t slip k No allusion to the horse-shoe is made by early writers on . h veterinary topics But, on the other hand, t ere is abundant testimony that the ancients did sometimes protect the feet of their beasts of burden . Winckel art mann, the Prussian historian, describes an antique ’ engraved stone representing a man holding up a horse s 3 i . foot, while an assistant, kneel ng, fastens on a shoe In the works of the Roman poet Catul lus occurs the i 4 sim le of the iron shoe of a mule sticking in the mire . Contemporary historians relate that the Emperor Nero l ls caused his mules to be shod with si ver, while golden 1 A l . rchczzolo ia vo . 1 5 g , iii 77 . 9 K oh n t t o D . D . C clo azd ia o B b ca Art . J i , , y p f i li l 3 B A H n v ohn e ckm an st o I t on s. J , i ory f en i 4 C arm e n %VII I . 26 . 5 “ l r n S ue t on ius S ole is m u arum a ge te is. THE MAGIC OF THE HORSE- SHOE 3 shoes adorned the feet of the mules belonging to the P l i notorious Empress oppae a . Ment on of an iron horse 2 shoe is made by Appian , a writer not indeed remark able for accur acy ; but the phrase brasen-footed ” hi ’ steeds, w ch occurs in Homer s Iliad, is regarded by commentators as a metaphorical expression for strength and endurance . Wrappings of plaited fibre, as hemp or broom, were used by the ancients to protect the feet 3 of horses . But the most common form of foot cover ing for animals appears to have been a kind of leathern sock or sandal, which was sometimes provided with an iron sole . This covering was fastened around the fet 4 ul locks by means of thongs, and co d be easily removed . - ul Iron horse shoes of pec iar form, which have been exhumed in Great Britain of recent years, have been 1 objects of much interest to archaeologists . In 8 78 a number of such relics shaped for the hoof and pierced ’ ll a for nails were found at a place ca ed C esar s Camp , 5 n . ear Folkstone, England In the south of Scotland, - also, ancient horse shoes have been found, consisting of a solid piece of iron made to cover the whole hoof and 1653 very heavy . In the year a piece of iron resem - - bling a horse shoe, and having nine nail holes, was 1 l n a ro u P i y J m e n t is suis sole as e x au in d e re . 9 Fo sbroke D ct on a r o A n t u t es , i i y f iq i i . 3 ’ Kn t M c an ca l t igh s e h i Dic ion ary . 4 Al x n A LL R n e a e r d am . D . oma An t t . d , , iqui ies 5 A rchwolo ia ol . x g , v lvii . 4 THE M AGIC OF THE HORSE— SHOE hil i I i C d e r c . found in the grave of , k ng of the Franks, 1 4 . 8 . h A D . w o died . Professor N S Shaler believes that the iron horse-shoe was invented in the fourth u m cent ry, and fro the fact that it was first called se l e n e - , the moon , from its somewhat crescent like shape, 1 he concludes that it originated in Greece . But even u in the ninth cent ry, in France, horses were shod with 2 iron on special occasions only, and the early Britons, Saxons, and Danes do not appear to have had much knowledge of farriery . The modern art of shoeing horses is thought to have been general ly introduced in England by the Normans under William the Con 3 F rr r ue ror . e a s q Henry de , who accompanied that monarch, is believed to have received his surname because he was intrusted with the inspection of the farriers ; and the coat-of-arms of his descendants stil l - 4 bears six horse shoes . On the gate of Oakham Castle, an ancient Nor i ake lin man mansion in Rutlandshire, bu lt by W de Fe rrar s , son of the first earl of that name, were for merly to be seen a number of horse-shoes of different patterns .
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