DOCSLIB.ORG

Exploring Least Cost Path Analysis: a Case Study from the Göksu Valley, Turkey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

EXPLORING LEAST COST PATH ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY FROM THE GÖKSU VALLEY, TURKEY A Thesis Submitted to the Committee of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master on Arts in the Faculty of Arts and Science TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada (c) Copyright by Nayla Abu Izzeddin (2014) Anthropology M.A. Graduate Program September 2014 Abstract Exploring Least Cost Path Analysis: A Case Study From the Göksu Valley, Turkey Nayla Abu Izzeddin Least cost path analysis is considered by many scholars as being a good proxy for studying movement and interactions between sites in the landscape. Although it is widely used, there are many limitations and challenges yet to be overcome concerning the reliability of the results. The examples used from the Göksu Valley during the late Roman Imperial rule emphasize the need to clearly understand how the tool works in generating least cost paths and how these can be interpreted and related to human movement. The resolution and accuracy of the elevation data used also play an important role in least cost path analysis and these depend on the topographical area being studied. New venues are constantly being sought and the success of any analysis depends on how the results are compared and tested in concert with data obtained from various sources and through more visually advanced mapping software. Keywords: Least cost path; Göksu Valley; late Roman Imperial rule; DEM resolution and accuracy ii Acknowledgments It was that day in April (2011) I was at Istanbul airport running to catch my flight to Beirut, my home town, for a short vacation prior to writing my Masters dissertation for the University of Birmingham. I received two emails from Dr. Hugh Elton in this very brief instant where I had internet connection on my phone. These two minutes or so changed my world, made me realize that I am about to embark on a journey full of challenges and gratifications, filled with excitement and hope, a hope to grow. And this would have not been possible without the support and trust Dr. Elton put in me, a trust which made this opportunity an unforgettable and unmatchable one. I am thankful and honored to have had the opportunity to spend this valuable time with him, learning and growing with every comment or remark I received. Many sincere thanks to Dr. Elton who was an incredible advisor to me. Also many thanks to Dr. James Conolly whom I am honored to have worked with and for always providing his help and support when needed. A special thanks to Dr. Jennifer Moore whom I admire and who inspired me greatly on different levels. I would also like to thank Dr. Jocelyn Williams for trusting and believing in my capabilities and for giving me the opportunity to TA with her again. Many thanks to Kristine Williams for her support and encouragement along the way, and for all her help, and to Kate Dougherty for the great time spent together and for always being available for assistance. Also many big thanks to my colleagues and friends whom made this experience more enjoyable and fun especially in stressful times. Thanks to Amandah for all the time we got to spend together debating and talking about everything and anything, for being patient with me, Kat for the endless provision of wine always, Jessica for iii always pushing me to play squash with her and to Christa, Kristin, Dan, and Jack (it was always fun to bump into you at clubs!!). I would like to thank also all my friends whom made my time spent in Peterborough an unforgettable one and made life so much easier and especially to all who believed in me and my abilities and admired the determination I had towards my endeavors and always encouraged me no matter how stressed and worried I was. Finally I would like to thank my family for all their support and especially my dad, for without him none of this would have been possible. I want to thank him for his countless encouragements (such as “You are Nayla the Great”), for believing in me and supporting my plans no matter how crazy they were. Thank you all for all you have provided me with and big thanks to Trent University for providing such a great environment to work in. iv Table of Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgments iii Table of Contents v List of Tables vii List of Figures vii Chapter 1: GIS, Isauria and the late Roman Imperial period 1 1. Introduction 1 1.2. Movement and GIS 3 1.2.1. GIS development 5 1.3. Isauria and the study area 8 1.3.1. General view 8 1.3.2. The late Roman Imperial rule and the valley 11 1.4. Previous Works 16 1.4.1. GAP survey project 17 1.5. Aims and Objectives 21 Chapter 2: Theory of GIS and Challenges 23 2.1. Least Cost Path Analyses 23 2.1.1. Technical aspect 24 2.1.2. Challenges and Limitations 28 2.2. Previous Works 29 2.2.1. Case studies 31 2.3. Discussion and Conclusion 33 Chapter 3: Digital Elevation Models and GIS 37 3.1. Digital Elevation Models and data capture 37 3.1.1. DEM creation: survey points 37 3.2. Remote Sensing 40 3.2.1. Collection of raw data 41 3.2.2. SRTMs 43 3.3. DEMs in ArcGIS 45 3.3.1. “Size does matter”: 47 3.4. Slope and Cost surfaces 48 v 3.4.1. Creating cumulative cost surfaces 54 3.4.2. Anisotropism and direction of movement 55 3.4.3. Slope in ArcGIS 59 3.5. Conclusion: 60 Chapter 4: Cost Surfaces and Least Cost Paths 62 4.1. Resolution and Accuracy 62 4.2. Least Cost Path Analysis: 64 4.2.1. Distance Analysis 65 4.2.2. Least Cost Path and neighborhoods selection 67 4.3. Conclusion 71 Chapter 5: A case study from the Göksu Valley 73 5.1. Working with the DEM 74 5.1.1. DEM values: 74 5.2. DEM cell size, resolution, resampling 79 5.2.1. Resampled DEMs: interpolation 81 5.2.2. Resampled DEMs: resolutions 86 5.3. Adding Rivers and Bridges 90 5.3.1. The Göksu River cost surface 92 5.4. Analysis 3: Dağpazarı -Karaman 97 5.4.1. Google Earth 104 5.5. Conclusion 108 Chapter 6: Interpretation and Conclusion 111 6.1. Summary 112 6.2. Results 114 6.2.1. Late Roman Isauria 115 6.3. Computers vs. Humans 117 6.4. Conclusion 121 Appendix 1: Trip report 123 Appendix 2: Least Cost Path Analysis in ArcGIS 10 133 Bibliography 140 vi List of Tables Table 1. Data types definition. 27 Table 2. Raster Data. 28 Table 3. Variation in generating least cost paths 57 Table 4. Least Cost Path Analysis from Mut to Ermenek: Adjusting cell values 76 Table 5. Resampling the DEM: four interpolation options. 84 Table 6. Least cost paths from Mut to Ermenek on different resolutions. 87 Table 7. Least cost path analysis with river and bridges: Mut-Ermenek and Mut- Adrassus 95 Table 8. Least Cost Path Comparison of two different topographical areas. 98 Table 9. Least cost path generated from resampled DEMs 101 Table 10. Topographical differences between both areas. 103 List of Figures Figure 1. The Göksu Valley Study Area 12 Figure 2. Location of sinks in the DEM 45 Figure 3. Slope calculation in degrees and percent rise 51 Figure 4. Figure extracted from Bell et al. 2002: 175 52 Figure 5. Least Cost Path Analysis from Mut to Ermenek: Adjusting cell values 79 Figure 6. Resampling the DEM: four interpolation options. 85 Figure 7. Least cost paths from Mut to Ermenek on different resolutions 89 Figure 8. Figure representing the slope effort based on Bell et al (2002) and taken from Newhard et al. (2008) 92 Figure 9. Least cost path analysis with river and bridges: Mut-Ermenek and Mut- Adrassus 96 Figure 10. Least cost path from Dağpazarı to Karaman. 99 Figure 11. Least cost path analysis from Dağpazarı to Karaman 102 Figure 12. Least cost path analysis from Dağpazarı to Karaman 103 Figure 13. Least cost path analysis in the Göksu Valley 106 Figure 15. Google Earth, least cost path in the Göksu Valley 107 Figure 16. Google Earth, least cost path in the Göksu Valley 108 Figure 17. ArcGIS data frame and search tool engine. 133 Figure 18. Working with the DEM. 135 Figure 19. Setting the coordinates framework. 136 Figure 20. Buffer tool. 138 Figure 21. Reclassifying the slope raster. 139 vii Chapter 1: GIS, Isauria and the late Roman Imperial period 1. Introduction The main objective of the research presented here is to take a critical look at GIS software and in particular at the least cost path tool provided by ArcGIS 10. Much of the constructive criticism that has been made concerning the limitation of this tool relies on failure of the software to take into account the cognitive and behavioral aspects when quantifying past human movement in a landscape. Less focus in the literature is found concerning the technical capabilities and limitations of GIS software; in particular, rarely does any study made so far explore in detail how the tool works; and most show less awareness that many different results could be generated for the same route that is being predicted. The challenge remains in choosing the path that fits best the research questions and objectives of any given study. The case study used in this thesis denotes technical and computational issues within GIS by using an example from the Göksu Valley locating potential roads and exploring movement and interactions between the late Roman cities of Mut and Ermenek on the one hand and Karaman and Dağpazarı on the other.
Recommended publications
  • CILICIA: the FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCHES in ANATOLIA1 Mark Wilson

    CILICIA: the FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCHES in ANATOLIA1 Mark Wilson

    CILICIA: THE FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCHES IN ANATOLIA1 Mark Wilson Summary This article explores the origin of the Christian church in Anatolia. While individual believers undoubtedly entered Anatolia during the 30s after the day of Pentecost (Acts 2:9–10), the book of Acts suggests that it was not until the following decade that the first church was organized. For it was at Antioch, the capital of the Roman province of Syria, that the first Christians appeared (Acts 11:20–26). Yet two obscure references in Acts point to the organization of churches in Cilicia at an earlier date. Among the addressees of the letter drafted by the Jerusalem council were the churches in Cilicia (Acts 15:23). Later Paul visited these same churches at the beginning of his second ministry journey (Acts 15:41). Paul’s relationship to these churches points to this apostle as their founder. Since his home was the Cilician city of Tarsus, to which he returned after his conversion (Gal. 1:21; Acts 9:30), Paul was apparently active in church planting during his so-called ‘silent years’. The core of these churches undoubtedly consisted of Diaspora Jews who, like Paul’s family, lived in the region. Jews from Cilicia were members of a Synagogue of the Freedmen in Jerusalem, to which Paul was associated during his time in Jerusalem (Acts 6:9). Antiochus IV (175–164 BC) hellenized and urbanized Cilicia during his reign; the Romans around 39 BC added Cilicia Pedias to the province of Syria. Four cities along with Tarsus, located along or near the Pilgrim Road that transects Anatolia, constitute the most likely sites for the Cilician churches.
  • Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Kiyi Kilikya Bölgesi'nin Yeri Ve Önemi

    Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Kiyi Kilikya Bölgesi'nin Yeri Ve Önemi

    T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ARKEOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI KLASİK ARKEOLOJİ BİLİM DALI ROMA DÖNEMİ DOĞU AKDENİZ DENİZ TİCARETİNDE KIYI KİLİKYA BÖLGESİ’NİN YERİ VE ÖNEMİ AHMET BİLİR DOKTORA TEZİ Danışman YRD. DOÇ. DR. MEHMET TEKOCAK Konya 2014 II T. C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Bilimsel Etik Sayfası Adı Soyadı Ahmet Bilir Numarası 104103011001 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı Arkeoloji / Klasik Arkeoloji Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Öğrencinin Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Tezin Adı Kıyı Kilikya Bölgesi’nin Yeri Ve Önemi Bu tezin proje safhasından sonuçlanmasına kadarki bütün süreçlerde bilimsel etiğe ve akademik kurallara özenle riayet edildiğini, tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel kurallara uygun olarak atıf yapıldığını bildiririm. Öğrencinin imzası (İmza) III T. C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Doktora Tezi Kabul Formu Adı Soyadı Ahmet Bilir Numarası 104103011001 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı Arkeoloji / Klasik Arkeoloji Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Tekocak Tez Danışmanı Öğrencinin Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Tezin Adı Kıyı Kilikya Bölgesi’nin Yeri Ve Önemi Yukarıda adı geçen öğrenci tarafından hazırlanan Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Kıyı Kilikya Bölgesi’nin Yeri Ve Önemi Yeri başlıklı bu çalışma ……../……../…….. tarihinde yapılan savunma sınavı sonu- cunda oybirliği/oyçokluğu ile başarılı bulunarak, jürimiz tarafından yüksek lisans tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ünvanı, Adı Soyadı Danışman ve Üyeler İmza IV Önsöz Geriye dönüp bakınca hep üniversite yılları, kazılar, bölümün koridorları, dostluklar ve hocalar akla geliyor. Bu süre zarfında hissettiğim duygunun bir tarifi olarak aile sıcaklığı kavramını yakıştırabilirim.
  • Glass Finds from the Monastery at Olba

    Glass Finds from the Monastery at Olba

    22 2019 ISSN 1301-2746 ADALYA The Annual of the Koç University Suna & İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (OFFPRINT) AThe AnnualD of theA Koç UniversityLY Suna A& İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (AKMED) Adalya, a peer reviewed publication, is indexed in the A&HCI (Arts & Humanities Citation Index) and CC/A&H (Current Contents / Arts & Humanities) Adalya is also indexed in the Social Sciences and Humanities Database of TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM TR index and EBSCO. Mode of publication Worldwide periodical Publisher certificate number 18318 ISSN 1301-2746 Publisher management Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sarıyer / İstanbul Publisher Umran Savaş İnan, President, on behalf of Koç University Editor-in-chief Oğuz Tekin Editor Tarkan Kahya Assistant Editor Arif Yacı English copyediting Michael D. Sheridan Mark Wilson Editorial Advisory Board (Members serve for a period of five years) Prof. Dr. Engin Akyürek, Koç University (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Mustafa Adak, Akdeniz University (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Nicholas D. Cahill, University of Wisconsin-Madison (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Charlotte Roueché, Emerita, King’s College London (2019-2023) Prof. Dr. Edhem Eldem, Boğaziçi University / Collège de France (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Mehmet Özdoğan, Emeritus, Istanbul University (2016-2020) Prof. Dr. C. Brian Rose, University of Pennsylvania (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Christof Schuler, DAI München (2017-2021) Prof. Dr. R. R. R. Smith, University of Oxford (2016-2020) © Koç University AKMED, 2019 Production Zero Production Ltd. Abdullah Sok. No. 17 Taksim 34433 İstanbul Tel: +90 (212) 244 75 21 • Fax: +90 (212) 244 32 09 [email protected]; www.zerobooksonline.com Printing Oksijen Basım ve Matbaacılık San.
  • THE REACH of the ROMAN EMPIRE in ROUGH CILICIA by HUGHW.ELTON

    THE REACH of the ROMAN EMPIRE in ROUGH CILICIA by HUGHW.ELTON

    THE ECONOMIC FRINGE: THE REACH OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN ROUGH CILICIA By HUGHW.ELTON Many discussions of the Roman economy are rather vague about what they mean by 'Roman'. Phrases such as 'Roman Europe' or 'the Roman Empire' often blur two different concepts, that of the cultures of Iron Age Europe and the political institution of the Roman Empire. Cultures in Iron Age Europe varied widely. The Welsh uplands or the Atlas mountains, for example, had an aceramic culture with few public buildings, though were mIed directly by Rome for several centuries. Other regions, not under Roman control, like the regions across the middle Danube, showed higher concentrations of Mediterranean consumer goods and coins than some of these aceramic areas. 1 In Mesopotamia, many societies were urban and literate, not differing in this respect from those in Italy or Greece. Thus, determining what was imperial Roman territory by archaeological criteria alone is very difficult? But these archaeological criteria are important for two reasons. First, they allow us to analyse the cultural and economic changes that occurred in Iron Age Europe between 100 B.C. and A.D. 250. Second, they allow for the possibility of change within Europe that was not caused by the Roman state? Unlike cultures within Iron Age Europe, the Roman Empire was a political structure, imposed by force and dedicated to extracting benefits for the mling elite of the city of Rome.4 As the empire developed and matured, its form changed, but it was never about the mIed, only the rulers. If we accept that the Empire was a political, not an archaeological, structure, it follows that an examination of 'Impact of Empire: Transformation of Economic Life', has to mean an examination of the impact of the Roman imperial state.
  • Further Work at Kilise Tepe, 2007-11: Refining the Bronze to Iron Age Transition

    Further Work at Kilise Tepe, 2007-11: Refining the Bronze to Iron Age Transition

    Bouthillier, C. et al. (2014) Further work at Kilise Tepe, 2007-11: refining the Bronze to Iron Age transition. Anatolian Studies, 64 . pp. 95-161. ISSN 0066-1546 Copyright © 2014 The British Institute at Ankara A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge Content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) When referring to this work, full bibliographic details must be given http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/89953/ Deposited on: 3 September 2014 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Anatolian Studies 64 (2014): 95–161 doi:10.1017/S0066154614000076 Further work at Kilise Tepe, 2007–2011: refining the Bronze to Iron Age transition Christina Bouthillier,1 Carlo Colantoni,2 Sofie Debruyne,3 Claudia Glatz,4 Mette Marie Hald,5 David Heslop,6 Ekin Kozal,7 Bob Miller,8 Peter Popkin,9 Nicholas Postgate,1 Caroline S. Steele10 and Adam Stone1 1University of Cambridge, UK, 2Bitlis Eren University, Turkey, 3Flanders Heritage Agency, Brussels, Belgium, 4University of Glasgow, UK, 5National Museum of Denmark, 6Tyne and Wear County Archaeologist, UK, 7Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey, 8Canberra, Australia, 9Golder Associates Ltd, Ontario, Canada, and 10Tunbridge VT, USA [email protected] Abstract The excavations at Kilise Tepe in the 1990s inevitably left a range of research questions unanswered, and our second spell of work at the site from 2007 to 2011 sought to address some of these, relating to the later second and early first millennia.
  • Shifting Networks and Community Identity at Tell Tayinat in the Iron I (Ca

    Shifting Networks and Community Identity at Tell Tayinat in the Iron I (Ca

    Shifting Networks and Community Identity at Tell Tayinat in the Iron I (ca. 12th to Mid 10th Century B.C.E.) , , , , , , , , Open Access on AJA Online Includes Supplementary Content on AJA Online The end of the 13th and beginning of the 12th centuries B.C.E. witnessed the demise of the great territorial states of the Bronze Age and, with them, the collapse of the ex- tensive interregional trade networks that fueled their wealth and power. The period that follows has historically been characterized as an era of cultural devolution marked by profound social and political disruption. This report presents the preliminary results of the Tayinat Archaeological Project (TAP) investigations of Iron I (ca. 12th to mid 10th century B.C.E.) contexts at Tell Tayinat, which would emerge from this putative Dark Age as Kunulua, royal capital of the Neo-Hittite kingdom of Palastin/Patina/Unqi. In contrast to the prevailing view, the results of the TAP investigations at Early Iron Age Tayinat reveal an affluent community actively interacting with a wide spectrum of re- gions throughout the eastern Mediterranean. The evidence from Tayinat also highlights the distinctively local, regional character of its cultural development and the need for a more nuanced treatment of the considerable regional variability evident in the eastern Mediterranean during this formative period, a treatment that recognizes the diversity of relational networks, communities, and cultural identities being forged in the generation of a new social and economic order.1
  • La Cappadoce Méridionale De La Préhistoire À L'époque Byzantine 3E Rencontres D'archéologie De IFEA, Istanbul 8-9 Novembre 2012

    La Cappadoce Méridionale De La Préhistoire À L'époque Byzantine 3E Rencontres D'archéologie De IFEA, Istanbul 8-9 Novembre 2012

    La Cappadoce méridionale de la Préhistoire à l'époque byzantine 3e Rencontres d'archéologie de IFEA, Istanbul 8-9 novembre 2012 Aksel Tibet, Olivier Henry et Dominique Beyer (dir.) DOI : 10.4000/books.ifeagd.3187 Éditeur : Institut français d’études anatoliennes Lieu d'édition : Istanbul Année d'édition : 2012 Date de mise en ligne : 27 avril 2020 Collection : Rencontres d’Archéologie de l’IFEA ISBN électronique : 9782362450822 http://books.openedition.org Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 janvier 2015 ISBN : 9782362450594 Nombre de pages : 249 Référence électronique TIBET, Aksel (dir.) ; HENRY, Olivier (dir.) ; et BEYER, Dominique (dir.). La Cappadoce méridionale de la Préhistoire à l'époque byzantine : 3e Rencontres d'archéologie de IFEA, Istanbul 8-9 novembre 2012. Nouvelle édition [en ligne]. Istanbul : Institut français d’études anatoliennes, 2012 (généré le 12 janvier 2021). Disponible sur Internet : <http://books.openedition.org/ifeagd/3187>. ISBN : 9782362450822. DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/books.ifeagd.3187. © Institut français d’études anatoliennes, 2012 Conditions d’utilisation : http://www.openedition.org/6540 3èmes RENCONTRES D’ARCHÉOLOGIE DE L’IFÉA LA CAPPADOCE MÉRIDIONALE de la préhistoire à la période byzantine 2012 Dominique BEYER, Olivier HENRY et Aksel TİBET (éds.) ENCONTRES R LA CAPPADOCE MÉRIDIONALE LA CAPPADOCE Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes Georges Dumézil - CNRS USR 3131 3èmes RENCONTRES D’ARCHÉOLOGIE DE L’IFÉA LA CAPPADOCE MÉRIDIONALE de la préhistoire à la période byzantine Olivier Pelon (1934
  • Art-Sanat, 13(2020): 361–385

    Art-Sanat, 13(2020): 361–385

    Art-Sanat, 13(2020): 361–385 DOI: 10.26650/artsanat.2020.13.0015 http://dergipark.gov.tr/iuarts Başvuru: 20.05.2019 Revizyon talebi: 09.12.2019 Art-Sanat Son revizyon teslimi: 27.12.2019 Kabul: 21.01.2020 ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESI / RESEARCH ARTICLE Mersin Toroslar’da Çandır Kalesi Çandir Castle at the Taurus Mountains of Mersin Halil Sözlü* , Lale Yılmaz** Öz Mersin ili, tarih boyunca bölgenin savunma ve egemenliğinde önem taşıyan yapılar olarak tanımlanabilecek çok sayıda kale yapısının inşa edildiği bir bölgede yer almaktadır. Özellikle Ortaçağ döneminde etkin olarak yerleşme ve savunma bakımından kullanılan kale yapıları, kuzeyden güneye limanlara ulaşan ticaret yollarının güvenliğini sağlamaktaydı. Makalede coğrafi konumu ve yapısal özellikleri bakımından özgün bir nitelik taşıyan Çandır Kalesi ele alınmıştır. Kalenin yalnızca bir savunma yapısı olarak değil, geniş bir alanı kaplayan yapılardan oluşan küçük bir yerleşim birimi olarak kurulduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmada Kilikya Bölgesi’nde Ortaçağ’da Bizans döneminde Ermeni baronluğuna ait olarak tanımlanan Çandır Kalesi üzerine yapılmış tarihsel çalışmalar incelenmiş, kale alanında günümüze ulaşan yapı kalıntıları belirlenmiştir. Günümüzde Çandır Kalesi’nde görülebilen doğal ve insan eliyle gerçekleşen yıkım, kale kompleksinin yapısal özelliklerinin yeniden tanımlanmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler Mersin, Ortaçağ, Bizans, Paperon, Kale Abstract Mersin is located in a region where many fortress structures have been built, which can be defined as structures that are important in the defense and sovereignty of the region throughout history. Especially in the Middle Ages, the castle structures, which were used effectively in terms of settlement and defense, ensured the security of the trade routes reaching the ports from north to south. It is understood that the fortress structures were established at strategic points on the main transportation and trade routes.
  • ADALYA the Annual of the Koç University Suna & İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations

    ADALYA the Annual of the Koç University Suna & İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations

    22 2019 ISSN 1301-2746 ADALYA The Annual of the Koç University Suna & İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (OFFPRINT) AThe AnnualD of theA Koç UniversityLY Suna A& İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (AKMED) Adalya, a peer reviewed publication, is indexed in the A&HCI (Arts & Humanities Citation Index) and CC/A&H (Current Contents / Arts & Humanities) Adalya is also indexed in the Social Sciences and Humanities Database of TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM TR index and EBSCO. Mode of publication Worldwide periodical Publisher certificate number 18318 ISSN 1301-2746 Publisher management Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sarıyer / İstanbul Publisher Umran Savaş İnan, President, on behalf of Koç University Editor-in-chief Oğuz Tekin Editor Tarkan Kahya Assistant Editor Arif Yacı English copyediting Michael D. Sheridan Mark Wilson Editorial Advisory Board (Members serve for a period of five years) Prof. Dr. Engin Akyürek, Koç University (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Mustafa Adak, Akdeniz University (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Nicholas D. Cahill, University of Wisconsin-Madison (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Charlotte Roueché, Emerita, King’s College London (2019-2023) Prof. Dr. Edhem Eldem, Boğaziçi University / Collège de France (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Mehmet Özdoğan, Emeritus, Istanbul University (2016-2020) Prof. Dr. C. Brian Rose, University of Pennsylvania (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Christof Schuler, DAI München (2017-2021) Prof. Dr. R. R. R. Smith, University of Oxford (2016-2020) © Koç University AKMED, 2019 Production Zero Production Ltd. Abdullah Sok. No. 17 Taksim 34433 İstanbul Tel: +90 (212) 244 75 21 • Fax: +90 (212) 244 32 09 [email protected]; www.zerobooksonline.com Printing Oksijen Basım ve Matbaacılık San.
  • Cilicia, Tarsus, and the Great Taurus Pass: Discussion Author(S): Charles Wilson, H

    Cilicia, Tarsus, and the Great Taurus Pass: Discussion Author(S): Charles Wilson, H

    Cilicia, Tarsus, and the Great Taurus Pass: Discussion Author(s): Charles Wilson, H. S. Cronin and A. C. Headlam Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Oct., 1903), pp. 410-413 Published by: geographicalj Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1775457 Accessed: 26-06-2016 20:32 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley, The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal This content downloaded from 137.99.31.134 on Sun, 26 Jun 2016 20:32:03 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 410 CILICIA, TARSUS, AND THE GREAT TAURUS PASS-DISCUSSION. and from no wish to depreciate or undervalue the immense services rendered under great difficulties to all students and travellers in Asia Minor by the late H. Kiepert, whose spirit and work were beyond all praise. That R. Kiepert should continue and perfect his work is the wish of every one. But if we keep up the pretence that the existing maps are good, we only deprive Kiepert of the chance of com- pleting his work and fulfilling his honourable ambition.
  • On the Turkish Species of Sunius CURTIS 1829 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Paederinae) 195-210 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; Download Unter

    On the Turkish Species of Sunius CURTIS 1829 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Paederinae) 195-210 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; Download Unter

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Linzer biologische Beiträge Jahr/Year: 2001 Band/Volume: 0033_1 Autor(en)/Author(s): Assing Volker Artikel/Article: On the Turkish species of Sunius CURTIS 1829 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Paederinae) 195-210 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Linzer biol. Beitr. 33/1 195-210 29.6.2001 On the Turkish species of Sunius CURTIS 1829 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Paederinae) V. ASSING Abstract: Based on an examination of the available types and additional material, ten Sunius species are recorded from Turkey and attributed to three species groups. Six species are described, figured, and distinguished from similar congeners: S. dolabrifer sp. n., S. nurdaghensis sp. n., S. rastrifer sp. n., S. wunderlei sp. n., 5. tuberiventris sp. n., and 5. balkarensis sp. n. The identity of S. adanensis (LOKAY) remains doubtful. The distributions of all the species, except S. adanensis, are mapped. At least three of the species are wing-dimorphic. A diagnostic key to the Turkish representatives of Sunius is presented. Key words: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae, Sunius, Palaearctic region, Turkey, taxonomy, revision, new species, distribution, wing dimorphism, key to species. 1. Introduction In the Western Palaearctic region, the genus Sunius CURTIS is represented by approxi- mately 50 species, only four of which have been reported from Turkey (ASSING 1994, COIFFAIT 1984): S. adanensis (LOKAY), S. melanocephalus (FABRICIUS), S. phasianus (BORDONl), and S. anatolicus ASSING. Recent revisions of the Turkish representatives of other genera (e. g. ASSING 2001, in press) have shown that the staphylinid fauna of Turkey is poorly known.
  • Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae) Fauna of Turkey

    Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae) Fauna of Turkey

    ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Linzer biol. Beitr. 44/1 449-464 31.7.2012 Contribution to the knowledge of the Cardiophorus ESCHSCHOLTZ 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae) fauna of Turkey N. GULPERCIN & S. TEZCAN A b s t r a c t : This paper provides new faunistic data about 15 species of Cardiophorus ESCHSCHOLTZ 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae) from Turkey collected different localities between 1962 and 2005. The material is presented together with collecting dates and locality data. For each species new distributional localities were also reported and given with attached maps. K e y w o r d s : Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae, Cardiophorus, Fauna, Turkey. Introduction The Elateridae is a widespread and rather large family of Coleoptera, with more than 10000 described species approximately 750 genera worldwide. There are some descrip- tions and faunistical records on Turkish elaterids in the entomological literature. In this family, Cardiophorus is quite rich genus and the studies of SAHLBERG 1912-1913, GUGLIELMI & PLATIA 1985, LODOS 1998, GULPERCIN & TEZCAN 2006, 2009, KESDEK et al. 2006, LÖBL & SMETANA 2007, MERTLIK & PLATIA 2008 and GULPERCIN & TEZCAN 2011 have great importance. Recently, the distributional catalogue of Turkish Elateridae (Coleoptera) fauna has been published (GULPERCIN & TEZCAN 2010). In this publication, a total of 66 species be- longing to Cardiophorus have been listed with their distributional data. The material of Cardiophorus was collected from different localities of Turkey in 1962- 2005. The material is deposited in the Lodos Entomological Museum (LEMT) of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the knowledge of the Cardiophorus fauna of the Turkey by evaluating the material deposited in this museum.