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Journal of Threatened Taxa PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication New additions to the larval food plants of Sri Lankan butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) Himesh Dilruwan Jayasinghe, Sarath Sanjeewa Rajapakshe & Tharindu Ranasinghe 26 February 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 2 | Pages: 17731-17740 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6875.13.2.17731-17740 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2021 | 13(2): 17731–17740 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6875.13.2.17731-17740 #6875 | Received 07 November 2020 | Finally accepted 02 January 2021 COMMUNICATION New additons to the larval food plants of Sri Lankan buterfies (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) Himesh Dilruwan Jayasinghe 1 , Sarath Sanjeewa Rajapakshe 2 & Tharindu Ranasinghe 3 1,2,3 Buterfy Conservaton Society of Sri Lanka, 762/A, Yathena, Malwana, Sri Lanka. 1 Plant Taxonomy and Conservaton Lab, Natonal Insttute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka. 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan buterfies have been well documented recently with the aid of studies done by numerous researchers. In this paper, we present further records, 118 LFPs used by 83 buterfies and 145 plant-buterfy combinatons. LFPs of Lethe dynsate and Potanthus pseudomaesa pseudomaesa are reported for the frst tme in Sri Lanka. Important observatons, possible LFPs and LFP preferences of rare and threatened buterfy species, are discussed. This informaton on plant-buterfy interactons will play an important role in conservaton management of both plant and buterfy species. Keywords: Caprona alida lanka, plant-buterfy interactons, Potanthus pseudomaesa pseudomaesa, Rinorea decora, threatened species. Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publicaton: 26 February 2021 (online & print) Citaton: Jayasinghe, H.D., S.S. Rajapakshe & T. Ranasinghe (2021). New additons to the larval food plants of Sri Lankan buterfies (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilio- noidea). Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(2): 17731–17740. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6875.13.2.17731-17740 Copyright: © Jayasinghe et al. 2021. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: Self-funded. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Author details: Himesh Dilruwan Jayasinghe is the founder president of the Buterfy Conservaton Society of Sri Lanka and currently following his masters in philosophy at the University of Colombo. Sarath Sanjeewa Rajapakshe is one of a founding members of Buterfy Conservaton Society of Sri Lanka and mainly interested in buterfy ecology. He works as a science teacher. Tharindu Ranasinghe is a former vice president and feld visit organizer of Buterfy Conservaton Society of Sri Lanka and work as a feld biologist. His research mainly focused on Sri Lankan insects, arachnids as well as freshwater fshes. Author contributon: All authors contributed equally. Acknowledgements: We thank the Department of Wildlife Conservaton and Forest Department for providing us necessary permission to carry out the research and to Dr. George van der Poorten, the principal investgator of the research. We also thank Chathura Udayanga, Gehan Rajiv, Kalana Wijesundara, Lasantha Aberathna, Narmadha Dangampola, Nuwan Chathuranga and Sujeewa Gunasena for providing necessary informaton to compile this manuscript and Hiranya Sudasinghe for critcal comments that helped to improve the manuscript. 17731 J TT Larval food plants of Sri Lankan buterfies Jayasinghe et al. INTRODUCTION collecton, photography, lab works, and identfcaton of buterfy species and plant species follow Jayasinghe et The knowledge on the natural history of Sri Lankan al. (2014). The lab rearing studies were carried out in buterfies has been increasing rapidly over the past two Soragune (6.747N & 80.893E) Badulla District, Malwana decades, mainly due to the increase in the numerous (6.968N & 80.006E) Gampaha District and Kandumulla feld studies carried out by various researchers on (7.075N & 80.071E) Gampaha District. Rearing of hill buterfies, including their early stages, that had been country species was restricted to Soragune, since the published as research papers, detailed books, feld temperature and other climatc conditons are suited guide books, leafets and as other social media material best out of all the three locatons and due to relatvely (Gamage 2007; Jayasinghe 2014; Jayasinghe et el. 2015, easy accessibility to collect fresh food material regularly 2020; van der Poorten & van der Poorten 2016, 2018). from the feld. Low country species, both from the The availability of informaton has led many amateur wet zone and dry zone were reared at all the three naturalists to get interested and actvely involved in locatons, but rearing of northern species were mainly the study of buterfies and now even contribute to the restricted to Malwana. Apart from identfcaton from development of knowledge database on buterfies of guide books, some plant species had to be confrmed by Sri Lanka. studying herbarium sheets at the Natonal Herbarium at Early stages of Sri Lankan buterfies have been Peradeniya and online available herbarium sheets at K, described in detail in several recently published research BM, E, and L (Thiers 2020). papers (van der Poorten & van der Poorten 2011a,b, All the species of plants presented in this paper are 2012a,b,c, 2013a,b, 2014; Gunawardana et al. 2015; confrmed LFPs in Sri Lanka. Here we consider a species Priyadarshana et al. 2015; Herath et al. 2020), which as a confrmed LFP, when the buterfy larvae reared provide informaton on their larval food plants (LFPs) as on it untl maturity, or the early stages and egg laying well. A research artcle focused on LFPs on Sri Lankan behaviors observed regularly in the feld on a given plant buterfies (Jayasinghe et el. 2014) provided 480 species species. Even the larvae found on certain plants, if they of LFPs for 207 species of buterfies out of the 245 were unable to complete the larval stage on those plants species known in the country during that tme. Further, are not considered as confrmed LFPs. We observed it documented 785 plant – buterfy combinatons. Since that certain buterfy species (i.e., Acraea terpsicore) are then three more buterfy species have been added to trying to test new species of LFPs, but are not always the Sri Lankan inventory (van der Poorten & van der successful. Certain buterfy larvae were found on non Poorten 2016, 2018), and a few more LFPs had been LFPs in the feld, probably while they are moving from recorded. one plant to another or accidentally fell of. Species Further studies carried out during the last few such as Delias eucharis and Papilio clyta lankeswara years revealed some more undocumented LFPs of Sri were observed shifing their LFPs for pupaton. The data Lankan buterfies, which are presented in this paper. presented here, other than the studies carried out by Some plant species which were not identfed up to the the authors were included only if they were verifed by species level in previous publicaton (Jayasinghe et al. detailed photographs and the plant species especially 2014) are identfed here as well. Recent nomenclatural were identfed by the authors based on informaton and systematc changes in LFPs which were already provided by those individuals. documented in aforementoned publicatons are also Nomenclature of the buterfies follows van der addressed. Poorten & van der Poorten (2016). Classifcaton and nomenclature of angiosperms, which had been subjected to dramatc changes due to recent molecular MATERIALS AND METHODS phylogenetc studies are based on (POWO 2019), and (WCSP 2020) The data presented in this paper is primarily based on studies carried out during 2014–2019 by the authors. Field studies were conducted throughout the RESULTS & DISCUSSION country in various habitats, including the
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