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Sülfür Throughout Geological Time in Balkan Peninsula**

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Sülfür Throughout Geological Time in Balkan Peninsula** Mineral Res. Expl. Bul.. 123-124. 1-12, 2002 SÜLFÜR THROUGHOUT GEOLOGİCAL TIME IN BALKAN PENINSULA** Radule POPOVİC* ABSTRACT.- During investigations for a long time it has been remarked that the oldest metallogenic epochs in Balkan Peninsula include a limited number of, occurrences with sülfür as one of the chief chemical elements. Thus it could be said that in these epochs the deposits with sulphur compounds either have not been formed or in some cases there were only rare showings. So, for instance with the Grenvilian epoch, according to date know- ledge, only one occurrence in Pelagonids (Nezilovo) could be associated. In the Baikalian metallogenic epoch, characterized by formation of greenschists in western Macedonian only traces of sulfide mineralizations, then one deposit of lead, zinc and copper sulfides, as well as one pyrite impregnation in the larger Popcevo - Dojran area (eastern Macedonia), exhibiting sülfür content less than 0,11% are present. In contrast to Pelagonian-Rhodopean massif, in the Green complex (Vlasina) of eastern Serbia numerous deposits and occurrences of pyrite and lead, zinc and copper sulfides are present, indicating a more remarkable sülfür yield in this district during Baikalian metallogenic epoch. Thanks to this fact it could be estimated this epoch to be much more enriched in sülfür in Balkan Peninsula, compared with the Grenvilian epoch. In the next epochs (Caledonian and Hercynian) the sülfür yield had become more and more intensive. This is especially related to the phytlitic volcanogenic-sedimentary origin formation of western Macedonian. in which fifteen deposits and occurrences of lead. zinc, copper and molybdenum sulfides have been registered, indicating numerous richer and poorer, certainly irregular pyrite impregnations. Compared with all previous epochs, the Alpine (early and late) time is characterized by great number of deposits of lead, zinc, copper, iron, arsenic, mercury sulfides and other metals, then by sulphates in sedimentary complexes, thus geochemically very sharply differing Alpine time from all previous epochs. On the basis of these facts, one could ascertain that the Cretaceous-Tertiary period could geochemically be characterized as the Sulphur Epoch. Judging by all these facts this is only the feature of Balkan Peninsula, but is probably of Global importance (phenomena). Key words: Sülfür, epoch, sulfates, green complex, phyllitic formation, Cretaceous - Tertiary, intrusive-vol- canogenic complex, Balkan Peninsula. İNTRODUCTİON arsenic and other metals, as well as sulphate deposits. This appearance has induced certa- During geological investigations lasting in curiosity, resulting in some attempts this several years in the territories of Macedonian, phenomenon to be deciphered. In that sense Serbia, Bosnia-and-Herzegoniva, Montenegro some investigations were undertaken, but and Turkey, as well as the visits to other regi- these couldn't be studious and more universal ons in Balkan Peninsula, it was noticed that because of limited financial support and other sulfide deposits are very rare in the oldest for- circumstances. In that way, ideas presented mations of these regions, and going throughout in this paper are based upon incomplete evi- time they are more and more freguent so that dences, although sufficient, according to our in the Cretaceous and Tertiary time there. opinion, the problem to be opened and some occur numerous smaller or larger suifide de- distinct observations to be presented. posits of iron, copper, lead, zinc, antimony, Geoinstitute, Rovinjska 12, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia ** The paper has been realised under the Project 07M04 funded by Ministry of Science of Serbia. *** Translated from Serbian by Antonije Antonovic 2 Radule POPOVlC SHORT REVIEW OF GEOLOGİCAL EVO- crust and initially it was a part of Bohemian or LUTİON OF BALKAN PENINSULA Middle European massif (Popovic, 1988), be- In aim the phenomenon of geochemical ing formed 700 million or more years ago (Ba- evolution of sülfür to be perceived in the best logh et al., 1994), and the other, Green or Vla- way, it is necessary to present in brief some sina complex respectively, according to all its newer comprehensions on geotectonical evo- features is restricted to the ocean type of the earth crust. This part had originated in the lution and some magmatic events related to certain geochemical processes. area Paleoasiatic ocean (as named by Zo- nensain et. al., 1976), nearly in the same time According to knowledges to date the ol- as the Gneiss complex. The Vrvi Kobila struc- dest formations in the Balkans occur in the ture, şeparating these two complexes, as far eastern part of the Pelagonian-Rhodopean as concerned all facts represents a rudiment massif or in Rhodopeans, including highly of a Collision structure, one part of it being ori- metamorphosed rocks constituting the geo- ginated between Paleoasiatic ocean and tectonical block, which is confined, according Middle European continent. to all features, to continental type of the earth crust. Numerous characteristics of Pelagonian- By separation of Mediterranean subcon- Rhodopean massif have indicated that its ori- tinent from the Gondwana, and Morava mas- gin and evolution during longer span of geolo- sif from the Middle European continent (Popo- gic time cannot coincide with formation and vic, 1998), and their motion in later times, they evolution of the Morava massif* and other were included into the contemporaneous geotectonical mosaic of Balkan Peninsula. crystalline complexes in Balkan Peninsula. Just during the younger Paleozoic and in Such a dynamic evolution of geotectoni- Mesozoic time the Pelagonian-Rhodopean cal blocks of the Balkans, as well as geotec- block entered along with other geotectonical tonic processes, which have been developed blocks, a part of the unique assemblages of during the younger Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Balkan Peninsula. Cenozoic (including the modern time as well) or after creation of the contemporaneous Bal- According to available data the Pelagoni- kan Peninsula respectively, have been ac- an-Rhodopean massif originated 2.5 billion companied by corresponding magmatism, years ago, being in that time a part of the which played an impressive role in geoche- Gondwana supercontinent. From the other si- mistry of individual elements in the same de, it is considered (Popovic, 1991, 1995, area, one of these being sulphur. 1998) that the Morava massif (crystalline complexes in the Juzna Morava and Velika GEOCHEMİCAL EVOLUTİON OF SÜLFÜR Morava valleys) is composed of two complex- IN BALKAN PENINSULA es formed in various geotectonical settings. It is under discussion, accordingly, the Gneiss Taking into consideration the indepen- complex and the Green-or Vlasina complex dent pre-Mesozoic evolution of individual respectively. The Gneiss complex exhibits geotectonical settings of their origin, being properties of continental type of the earth specific for each of individual blocks in a The Serbo-Macedonian mass is divided into Pelagonian-Rhodopean and Morava massifs (Popovic. 1991) SULFUR THROUGHOUT GEOLOGICAL TIME IN BALKAN PENINSULA 3 corresponding way, one of the features, besi- In the next, Baikalian epoch the green de other individualities, is the sülfür as a che- schists had been formed, whose protoliths are mical element, exhibiting his own geochemi- confined to the rocks originated in the area of cal and metallogenic evolution. In the same oceanic type of the earth crust. Formations of time this is a common feature of all unified this complex occur in the Pelagonian-Rhodo- geotectonical blocks in frames of Balkan pean and Morava massifs, then in western Peninsula during Mesozoic and especially Serbia, Zagrebacka Gora and elsewhere. Cenozoic time. In greenschists of western Macedonia, These Studies are based first of all on re- as a part of Pelagonian-Rhodopean massif, latively limited and non-systematic investigati- trending form Sar Planina, across Kicevo, De- ons of sülfür contents, in conditions of defici- mir Hisar and Pelister, Continuing further to ency of detailed Studies on distribution of this Greece, some low order, until recently not in- element throughout metallogenic epochs in vestigated sulfide mineralization have been Balkan Peninsula, concerning the Proterozoic registered. In contrast to them, in the district complexes of Pelagonian-Rhodopean massif occurring between Strumica and Dorjan in (Macedonia), then Drina, Ivanjica and Jadar eastern Macedonia occur much larger con- metamorphics (western Serbia), area of sout- hern Serbia, the Vlasina or Green complex of centrations of iron, lead, zinc and copper sul- eastern Serbia. These facts are supported by fides. This has particularly been manifested presence of numerous sulfide and sulfate de- by the lead-zinc deposits near Dojran, with in- posits originated during Mesozoic and Ceno- dicated ore reserves of about 25 million tons zoic epochs, in which the sülfür percentage averaging 3.8% lead-and-zinc and 0.1% cop- varies mostly from 1 % to 20%. per. The chief minerals in this deposit are pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arse- In the oldest petrogenetic complexes in nopyrite, marcasite, enargite, pyrrhotite and Balkan Peninsula (Pelagonian-Rhodopean others. Although the lead-zinc and copper massif) are not known some more important contents are low, it is stili to be ascertained, occurrences of sulfides and other sülfür com- according to frequency of all sulfides, inclu- pounds, thus the pre-Grenvilian epochs could ding the pyrite
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