201705 CCCM Cluster ISIMM May FINAL.Xlsx
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Idleb Governorate, December 2017 OVERALL FINDINGS1
Idleb Governorate, December 2017 Humanitarian Situation Overview in Syria (HSOS) OVERALL FINDINGS1 Coverage Syria’s north-western Idleb hosts the second largest IDP population after Rural Damascus. Of the communities assessed, 19 reported that members of the pre-conflict population left in December due to an Dana escalation of conflict. A majority of these communities are located in the southern subdistricts of Ma’arrat TURKEY Harim An Nu’man and Tamanaah. Nine of the communities assessed in Idleb had no pre-conflict population Qourqeena remaining on the last day of December. Most of these communities are also located in Tamanaah and Salqin Ma’arrat An Nu’man subdistricts. These communities have not been assessed for a majority of indicators Kafr Takharim displayed in these factsheets. Only one community witnessed spontaneous refugee returns in December, 2 Armanaz Maaret Arshani (Idleb subdistrict), where refugees returned from Turkey to reunite with their families . IDPs were Tamsrin Teftnaz ALEPPO present in 135 out of the 143 assessed communities, with 11 communities reporting the presence of over Darkosh Bennsh 10,000 IDPs. Dana (50,000), Idleb (45,750) and Ma’arrat Tamasrin (35,500) reported the largest estimated Janudiyeh Idleb IDP numbers, and all but 2 of these communities, Maar Tahroma and Ma’arrat An Nu’man, reported new Sarmin Mhambal arrivals in December. Despite large IDP numbers within Idleb, all but three communities reported that IDPs Badama Jisr Ash Saraqab lived in independent or shared houses or apartments. For more detailed information about displacement Shugur Ariha patterns in Idleb governorate in December, please refer to the REACH Syria IDP Situation Monitoring Abul Thohur Initiative. -
THE PUBLIC MONETARY AUTHORITY in NORTHWEST SYRIA Flash Report 10 July 2020 KEY DEVELOPMENTS
THE PUBLIC MONETARY AUTHORITY IN NORTHWEST SYRIA Flash report 10 July 2020 KEY DEVELOPMENTS The Public Monetary Authority (PMA) is a rebranding of the Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS)'s General Institution for Cash Management and Customer Protection (CMCP) which was established in May 2017. The PMA imposed a mandatory registration on currency exchange and hawala companies and classified them into three main categories depending on the size of their financial capital. The PMA has the right to supervise, monitor, and inspect monetary transactions, data, records and documents of licensed companies to ensure compliance with the PMA’s regulations, during the validity period of the license, or even if the license was terminated or revoked. Licensed companies must provide the PMA with a monthly report detailing incoming and outcoming financial remittances and must maintain financial liquidity ranging from 25% to 50% of the company's financial value in US dollars at the PMA custody at all times. Financial transfers made in Turkish lira will include the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG), as the currency will be brought in from the SSG's Sham Bank. This is not the case of financial transfers made in other currencies including the US dollar. The intervention of the PMA in hawala networks has profound implications for humanitarian organizations operating in northwestern Syria, however hawala agents, particularly in medium to large agencies, can reject the PMA's monitoring and control requirements. INTRODUCTION constant price fluctuation", according to interviews To mitigate the impact of the rapid and continuous published on local media agencies. collapse of the Syrian pound, which exceeded 3,000 SYP per USD in early July 2020, local authorities in Local authorities however have not explained the northwest Syria have decided instead to trade political aspect of this shift with regards to its effect using the Turkish lira. -
201703 CCCM Cluster ISIMM Mar Draft Consolidated.Xlsx
CCCM Cluster_ IDPs Sites Integrated Monitoring Matrix (ISIMM), March 2017 PCODES Camp/ Settlement Details # of IDPs in March 2017 Sectoral Analysis Protection Sanitation Education Health** Removal Shelter Waste Water Food PCODE PCODE PCODE PCODE PCODE Type of Total IDPs GBV NFI Admin1 Admin2 Admin3 Admin4 Camps CP No. Gov. District Sub District Community Cluster Name Location Name Location* Girls Boys Women Men in Mar. 1 SY02 SY0203 SY020300 C1371 CP000002 Aleppo Afrin Afrin Baselhaya Afrin Roubar Camp IS 767 652 572 437 2,428 100% 100% 100% 50% 70% 60% Yes Yes No MC Yes 2 SY02 SY0204 SY020400 C1566 CP000007 Aleppo A'zaz A'zaz Shamarin Azaz Al Harameen (and extensions) TC 2,234 2,016 1,586 1,364 7,200 100% Yes No No MC 3 SY02 SY0204 SY020400 C1566 CP000290 Aleppo A'zaz A'zaz Shamarin Azaz Al Rayan IS 2,420 2,491 1,588 1,294 7,793 100% 100% 100% 100% Yes No Yes 4 SY02 SY0204 SY020400 C1566 CP000278 Aleppo A'zaz A'zaz Shamarin Azaz Al Resalah (Al Armuda) IS 2,895 2,721 3,141 2,700 11,457 100% 100% 50% 50% 100% 10% No No No MC Yes 5 SY02 SY0204 SY020400 C1566 CP000003 Aleppo A'zaz A'zaz Shamarin Azaz Bab Al Iman IS 2,876 2,622 1,692 1,270 8,460 58% Yes No Yes 6 SY02 SY0204 SY020400 C1566 CP000004 Aleppo A'zaz A'zaz Shamarin Azaz Bab Al Noor IS 2,496 2,583 2,112 1,899 9,090 41% 100% 100% 100% Yes No No 7 SY02 SY0204 SY020400 C1566 CP000009 Aleppo A'zaz A'zaz Shamarin Azaz Shamarin (Dhahiat Al‐Shuhada, Qatari) IS 1,930 1,405 1,046 1,067 5,448 80% 100% 100% 100% Yes No No 8 SY02 SY0204 SY020400 C1557 CP000364 Aleppo A'zaz A'zaz Shmarekh Azaz -
Field Developments in Idleb 51019
Field Developments in Idleb, Northern Hama Countryside, Western Situation Report and Southern Aleppo Countryside During March and April 2019 May 2019 Aleppo Countrysides During March and April 2019 the Information Management Unit 1 Field Developments in Idleb, Northern Hama Countryside, Western and Southern Aleppo Countryside During March and April 2019 The Assistance Coordination Unit (ACU) aims to strengthen the decision-making capacity of aid actors responding to the Syrian crisis. This is done through collecting, analyzing and sharing information on the humanitarian situation in Syria. To this end, the Assistance Coordination Unit through the Information Management Unit established a wide net- work of enumerators who have been recruited depending on specific criteria such as education level, association with information sources and ability to work and communicate under various conditions. IMU collects data that is difficult to reach by other active international aid actors, and pub- lishes different types of information products such as Need Assessments, Thematic Reports, Maps, Flash Reports, and Interactive Reports. 2 Field Developments in Idleb, Northern Hama Countryside, Western Situation Report and Southern Aleppo Countryside During March and April 2019 May 2019 During March and April 2019 3 Field Developments in Idleb, Northern Hama Countryside, Western and Southern Aleppo Countryside During March and April 2019 01. The Most Prominent Shelling Operations During March and April 2019, the Syrian regime and its Russian ally shelled Idleb Governorate and its adjacent countrysides of Aleppo and Hama governorates, with hundreds of air strikes, and artillery and missile shells. The regime bombed 14 medical points, including hospitals and dispensaries; five schools, including a kinder- garten; four camps for IDPs; three bakeries and two centers for civil defense, in addition to more than a dozen of shells that targeted the Civil Defense volunteers during the evacuation of the injured and the victims. -
Shelter/NFI Cluster-Beneficiaries Reached in October 2016
Shelter/NFI Cluster X-Border Operation - Turkey Hub SouthernTurkey: Shelter/NFI cluster-beneficiaries reached in October 2016 (Sub-district level) ShelterCluster.org, Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter H! Shelter & NFI Turkey H! NFI Jarablus Jarablus Mediterranean Sea H! reached beneficiaries reached beneficiaries Suran 105,999 H! 95,054 A'zaz Suran A'zaz H! Tall Refaat Female 51% H! H! TallH! Refaat Boys 27% Mare' Turkey Mare' Girls 27% Daret Azza Turkey Dana Daret Azza Dana H! Male 49% Aleppo Jebel Saman 24% Aleppo Jebel Saman Qourqeena Women Qourqeena Atareb SalqinKafr Takharim Atareb Maaret Tamsrin Zarbah Men 22% Maaret Tamsrin Zarbah Armanaz Armanaz Bennsh H! Idleb Bennsh H! Janudiyeh Sarmin Idleb H! Janudiyeh Sarmin Badama H! Ar-Raqqa H! Saraqab H! Ar-Raqqa Jisr-Ash-Shugur Badama H!H! Ariha Saraqab Mhambal Idleb Jisr-Ash-Shugur H! Ariha H! Syria Mhambal Abul Thohur H! EhsemH! Tall Ed-daman H! Tall Ed-daman Syria H! Ma'arrat An Nu'man H!H! Al-Hasakeh H!Ehsem Idleb H!H! Al-Hasakeh H! Aleppo Ma'arrat An Nu'man H!Aleppo Mediterranean Sea Lattakia Kafr Nobol Sanjar Heish H! Ar-Raqqa H!H!H! Ar-Raqqa H! H! Kafr Nobol Sanjar H!Idleb Madiq Castle H!!Idleb Lattakia H! H Heish Lattakia H! Khan Shaykun Lattakia H! H! H!H! H!H! Madiq Castle Hama H! H! Hama Deir-ez-Zor KafrH! Zeita Deir-ez-Zor Khan Shaykun Tartous Hama Tartous Hama H! H! KafrH! Zeita Homs Homs Mediterranean Sea Tartous Tartous Mediterranean Sea DamascusRural Damascus Quneitra Damascus Rural Damascus Dar'aAs-Sweida Quneitra Dar'a As-Sweida H! HTR & Besieged communities H! HTR & Besieged -
SYRIA - IDLEB Humanitarian Purposes Only IDP Location - As of 23 Oct 2015 Production Date : 26 Oct 2015
SYRIA - IDLEB Humanitarian Purposes Only IDP Location - As of 23 Oct 2015 Production date : 26 Oct 2015 Nabul Al Bab MARE' JANDAIRIS AFRIN NABUL Tadaf AL BAB Atma ! Qah ² ! Daret Haritan Azza TADAF Reyhanli DARET AZZA HARITAN DANA Deir Hassan RASM HARAM !- Darhashan Harim Jebel EL-IMAM Tlul Dana ! QOURQEENA Saman Antakya Ein Kafr Hum Elbikara Big Hir ! ! Kafr Mu Jamus ! Ta l ! HARIM Elkaramej Sahara JEBEL SAMAN Besnaya - Sarmada ! ! Bseineh Kafr ! Eastern SALQIN ! Qalb Ariba Deryan Kafr ! Htan ! Lozeh ! Kafr Naha Kwaires ! Barisha Maaret ! ! Karmin TURKEY Allani ! Atarib ! Kafr Rabeeta ! Radwa ! Eskat ! ! Kila ! Qourqeena Kafr Naseh Atareb Elatareb Salqin Kafr ! EASTERN KWAIRES Delbiya Meraf ! Kafr Elshalaf Takharim Mars ! Kafr ! Jeineh Aruq ! Ta lt i t a ! Hamziyeh ! Kelly ! Abu ! Ta lh a ATAREB ! Kaftin Qarras KAFR TAKHARIMHelleh ! Abin ! Kafr ! Hazano ! Samaan Hind ! Kafr ! Kuku - Thoran Ein Eljaj ! As Safira Armanaz ! Haranbush ! Maaret Saidiyeh Kafr Zarbah ! Elekhwan Kafr - Kafr ! Aleppo Kafrehmul ! Azmarin Nabi ! Qanater Te ll e m ar ! ! ! ! Dweila Zardana AS-SAFIRA ! Mashehad Maaret Elnaasan ! Biret MAARET TAMSRIN - Maaret Ramadiyeh Elhaski Ghazala -! Armanaz ! ! Mgheidleh Maaret ! ARMANAZKuwaro - Shallakh Hafasraja ! Um Elriyah ! ! Tamsrin TEFTNAZ ! Zanbaqi ! Batenta ! ALEPPO Milis ! Kafraya Zahraa - Maar Dorriyeh Kherbet ! Ta m sa ri n Teftnaz Hadher Amud ! ! Darkosh Kabta Quneitra Kafr Jamiliya ! ! ! Jales Andnaniyeh Baliya Sheikh ! BENNSH Banan ! HADHER - Farjein Amud Thahr Yousef ! ! ! ! Ta lh i ye h ZARBAH Nasra DARKOSH Arshani -
Syria - Displacements from Northern Syria Production Date : 25/08/2016 IDP Locations - As of 16 August 2016
For Humanitarian Purposes Only Syria - Displacements from Northern Syria Production date : 25/08/2016 IDP Locations - As of 16 August 2016 Total number of IDPs: 749,275 BULBUL Raju " RAJU Shamarin Talil Elsham ² Krum Zayzafun - Ekdeh Gender & Age SHARAN Shmarekh Sharan Kafrshush Baraghideh " Tatiyeh Jdideh Maarin Ar-Ra'ee Salama AR-RA'EE " Nayara Ferziyeh A'ZAZ Azaz " Azaz Niddeh 19% MA'BTALI Sijraz Yahmul Maabatli Suran " Jarez " Kafr Kalbein 31% Maraanaz Girls under 18 Al-Malikeyyeh Kaljibrin AGHTRIN Afrin Manaq Akhtrein Boys under 18 " " Sheikh El-Hadid " Mare' Women " A'RIMA Tall Refaat 24% " Men Baselhaya TALL REFAAT AFRIN Deir Jmal MARE' Kafr Naseh Tal Refaat 26% Kafrnaya JANDAIRIS Jandairis " Nabul AL BAB " Al Bab " NABUL Tal Jbine Tadaf " Shelter Type Hayyan T U R K E Y Qah Atma Selwa Random gatherings HARITAN Andan Haritan TADAF Unfinished houses or Daret Azza " " buildings Reyhanli Kafr Bssin Other Qabtan Eljabal Tilaada Individual tents DARET AZZA A L E P P O Babis Deir Hassan - Darhashan Hur Maaret Elartiq Kafr Hamra Rented houses DANA Hezreh - Hezri Termanin Dana Anjara Foziyeh Harim " Bshantara RASM HARAM EL-IMAM Open areas " Tqad Majbineh Aleppo Antakya Ras Elhisn " Total Tlul Kafr Hum Ein Elbikara Aleppo HARIM Tuwama Hoteh Under trees Kafr Mu Tlul Big Hir Jamus QOURQEENA Tal Elkaramej Sahara JEBEL SAMAN Um Elamad Alsafira Besnaya - Bseineh Sarmada Oweijel Htan Tadil Collective center Ariba Qalb Lozeh Barisha Eastern Kwaires " Bozanti Kafr Deryan Kafr Karmin Abzemo Maaret Atarib Allani Radwa Kafr Taal Kafr Naha Home Kafr -
Syrian Arab Repulbic:Sub Districts Reached with Food Assistance Activities Whole of Syria November, 2015
Syrian Arab Repulbic:Sub districts reached with food assistance activities Whole of Syria November, 2015 Al Malika ! Quamishli Jawadiyah ! Darbasiyah Ain al Arab ! Tal Hmis Tell Abiad ! Suran ! !Be'r Al-Hulo Al-Wardeyyeh ! Ras Al Ain ! !A'zaz Tal Tamer ! Aleppo Al-Hasakeh Afrin Tall Refaat ! ! ! Nabul ! Mare' ! ! Al-Hasakeh Sub districts reached with food basket Haritan ! ! ! Jebel Saman Harim Daret Azza ! Dana ! ! Atareb assistance ! Qourqeena Kafr Ta!kharim ! Ar-Raqqa Salqin Maaret Tamsrin ! As Safira ! Teftnaz Zarbah Armanaz! ! Hadher ! " Darkosh Bennsh ! ! Banan Sub districts reached with cash/voucher ! Idleb ! ! Ar-Raqqa !Janudiyeh ! Sa!rmin Badama Jisr-Ash-Shugur Saraqab !Hajeb Qastal Maaf ! ! life savings activities ! Ariha ! !Rabee'a ! ! Idleb Kansaba Mhambal Abul Thohur! ! ! Ziyara ! !EhsemMa'arrat An Nu'man Tall Ed-daman Al Hafa ! Khanaser ! Lattakia ! Kafr Nobol Sanjar ! ! Salanfa ! Heish ! Note: !Shat-ha ! Khan Shaykun Al Qardaha ! ! ! Madiq Castle ! Tamanaah Hamra Food baskets provide the highest number of Kafr Zeita ! Jablah ! ! ! As-Saan As Suqaylabiyah Tell Salhib ! ! Suran ! ! food assistance activities used for mapping Lattakia ! Muhradah ! Banyas !Qadmous Hama ! ! ! Saboura Hama Deir-ez-Zor Soda Khawabi Masyaf As Salamiyeh ! !Sheikh Badr Harbanifse Ein Halaqim Oj ! Tartous ! Ar-Rastan ! Symbols shown on the limited or no population ! ! ! ! DreiMkiasshht!a Elhiu !Taldu ! ! Shin Talbiseh ! ! Safita Ha!wash Ein Elniser Jeb Ej-Jarrah area are linked to areas that are populated Tall Kalakh ! Tartous ! ! ! Homs! Hameidiyyeh -
Situation Overview: Idleb Governorate and Surrounding Areas North-West Syria, May 2018
Situation Overview: Idleb Governorate and Surrounding Areas North-west Syria, May 2018 MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS Coverage: Idleb governorate and the surrounding opposition-held areas of western Aleppo and north-western 05 10 20 30 1 2 Nabul Hama governorates host one of the largest IDP populations in Syria. Since late 2017, following an Al Bab Tadaf escalation of violence in north-western and southern Syria, the region has witnessed the further arrival of a ¯ Kilometers Haritan Dana Daret Azza substantial number of IDPs. Large cross-line displacements from Eastern Ghouta, northern Homs and southern Harim Hama, beginning in March 2018, have led to a significant increase of the IDP population in the region.3 While Qourqeena Jebel Saman Eastern TURKEY Salqin Kwaires humanitarian assistance is reaching both camps and out-of-camp communities, major gaps remain. In order Atareb Kafr Takharim to address such gaps, REACH has conducted a needs assessment to inform humanitarian actors of Maaret IDPs' needs and to address critical information gaps on the humanitarian conditions of IDPs in host Armanaz Tamsrin ALEPPO As-Safira communities in the region. This situation overview provides an outline of findings from this assessment. Teftnaz Zarbah Hadher Darkosh Bennsh Banan MAIN FINDINGS Janudiyeh Idleb Sarmin • An estimated 1,207,295 IDPs were reported to reside in the 255 assessed communities of Idleb, Aleppo Hajeb and Hama governorates at the time of data collection. On average, IDPs represented 36% of the total Jisr-Ash-Shugur Ariha Saraqab Rabee'a Badama population (3,331,836) in assessed communities. With 377,918 IDPs, Dana sub-district accounted for Mhambal Abul Thohur IDLEB Tall Ed-daman 31% of the total reported IDP population. -
Kafr Takharim 2/2, Idleb Governorate April 2018
Humanitarian Situation Overview in Syria (HSOS): Sub-district Factsheets Idleb GovernorateGovernorate, Harim District JanuaryApril 2018 Introduction This multi-sectoral needs assessment is part of a monthly data Dana collection exercise which aims to gather information about needs Harim Qourqeena Salqin and the humanitarian situation inside Syria. The factsheets present Kafr information collected in MayFebruary 2018, 2018, referring referring to the to situation the situation in April in Takharim ALEPPO January2018. 2018. Armanaz These factsheetsfactsheets present present information information at theat communitythe community level forlevel six subfor 21districts sub-districts in Harim indistrict Idleb in governorate.Idleb governorate. Selected Selected key keyindicators indicators for thefor thefollowing following sectors sectors are are included included in in the the factsheets:factsheets: displacement, shelter, non-food items (NFIs), health, food security, water sanitation IDLEB and hygiene (WASH) and education. The factsheets do not cover the entire range of indicators gathered in the questionnaire. For full visualisation of all indicators collected, please see the SIMAWG Needs Identification Dynamic Reporting Tool, available here: http://www.reach-info.org/syr/simawg/.https://reach3.cern.ch/simawg/Default.aspx. LATTAKIA Methodology and limitations HAMA These findings areare basedbased onon datadata collected collected both directly directly (in andTurkey) remotely from (inKey Turkey) Informants from (KIs)Key Informants residing in residing the communities in the communities assessed. assessed. Information waswas collectedcollected from from KIs Key in 88Informants communities in 143 in 6communities sub districts inof 21Idleb sub-districts governorate. of IdlebFor eachgovernorate. question Forasked, each confidence question asked, levels confidencewere assigned levels based were on assignedthe KIs area based of expertiseon the Key and Informant’s knowledge area of Remote data collection ofthe expertise sector-specific and knowledge situation. -
Security Council Distr.: General 17 October 2012
United Nations S/2012/494 Security Council Distr.: General 17 October 2012 Original: English Identical letters dated 27 June 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council Upon instructions from my Government, and following my letters dated 16 to 20 and 23 to 25 April, 7, 11, 14 to 16, 18, 21, 24, 29 and 31 May, and 1, 4, 6, 7, 11, 19, 20 and 25 June 2012, I have the honour to attach herewith a detailed list of violations of cessation of violence that were committed by armed groups in Syria on 21 June 2012 (see annex). It would be highly appreciated if the present letter and its annex could be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) Bashar Ja’afari Ambassador Permanent Representative 12-55383 (E) 231012 131112 *1255383* S/2012/494 Annex to the identical letters dated 27 June 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council [Original: Arabic] Thursday, 21 June 2012 Rif Dimashq governorate 1. On 20 June 2012 at 2200 hours, in the vicinity of Sahnaya, an armed terrorist group stole a car, licence plate No. 273973, belonging to the Military Installations Establishment, from its driver, a civilian employee, Ahmad al-Akhras. 2. On 20 June 2012 at 2230 hours, an armed terrorist group planted three explosive devices in the vicinity of a law enforcement checkpoint located 1 km east of Talfita. -
Displacements from Northern Syria
Syria - Displacements from Northern Syria CCCM CLUSTER Humanitarian Purposes Only SUPPORTING DISPLACED IDP Locations - As of 31 December 2016 COMMUNITIES Production date : 17 January 2017 Gender and Age BULBUL Raju Shamarin RAJU Talil Elsham SHARAN Krum Zayzafun 23% Shmarekh - Ekdeh 31% Sharan Kafrshush Baraghideh Tatiyeh Jdideh Maarin A r-Ra'ee Salama Girls under 18 Nayara Ferziyeh Azaz Boys under 18 AR-RA'EE Niddeh Yahmul Men Sijraz A zaz Maabatli Suran A'ZAZ Jarez Women Suran MA'BTALI Kafr Kalbein 19% Maraanaz Turkman Bareh Al-Malikeyyeh SHEIKH Kaljibrin EL-HADID A frin Manaq AGHTRIN 27% Sheikh Afrin A khtrein El-Hadid Mare' Tall Refaat Mare' TALL REFAAT AFRIN Baselhaya Shelter Type Deir Jmal Kafr Naseh Kafrnaya Tal Refaat Living with host family Unknown JANDAIRIS Jandairis Camps MARE' Nabul AL BAB Home T U R K E Y Collective Center NABUL Tal Jbine Under trees Open areas Hayyan Atma Selwa Individual tents Qah Andan Haritan Rented houses Daret A zza TADAF Qabtan Unfinished houses or buildings Reyhanli Aqrabat Kafr Bssin Eljabal Other Tilaada DARET AZZA HARITAN Random gatherings Deir Babis Maaret Kafr Hamra Hassan - Hezreh Hur Elartiq Darhashan - Hezri Termanin Bshantara 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 DANA Anjara Foziyeh Dana Harim Bsartun Ein Elbikara Tlul Ras Elhisn Tqad Majbineh A leppo Antakya Kafr Hum Dana Aleppo Kafarna HARIM Hoteh Big Hir Kafr Mu Tuwama Jamus QOURQEENA Sarmada Um Elamad Tal Elkaramej Sahara EASTERN Besnaya Ariba Oweijel Alsafira - Bseineh Qalb Lozeh Htan Barisha Tadil JEBEL SAMAN KWAIRES