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Revista De Cultura Revista De Cultura Review of Culture INSTITUTO CULTURAL Do Governo Da R.A.E International Edition 42 Edição Internacional Edição Internacional 2013 Revista de Cultura Revista de Cultura Review of Culture INSTITUTO CULTURAL do Governo da R.A.E. de Macau CULTURAL INSTITUTO Review of Culture PORTUGAL, MACAU E O EXTREMO ORIENTE PORTUGAL, MACAO AND THE FAR EAST EDITOR é uma revista de Cultura e, domínio do Espírito, é Livre. Avassalada Publisher ao encontro universal das culturas, servente da identidade cultural de INSTITUTO CULTURAL Macau, agente de mais íntima relação entre o Oriente e o Ocidente, do Governo da Região Administrativa particularmente entre a China e Portugal. RC propõe-se publicar todos Especial de Macau os textos interessantes aos objectivos confessados, pelo puro critério da CONSELHO DE DIRECÇÃO qualidade. Assim, as opiniões e as doutrinas, expressas ou professas nos textos Editorial Board assinados, ou implícitas nas imagens de autoria, são da responsabilidade Ung Vai Meng, Yao Jingming, dos seus autores, e nem na parte, nem no todo, podem confundir-se com a Wong Man Fai, Luís Ferreira, orientação da RC. A Direcção da revista reserva-se o direito de não publicar, Wong Io Fong nem devolver, textos não solicitados. [email protected] é uma revista trimestral, simultaneamente publicada nas versões EDITOR EXECUTIVO Chinesa e Internacional (em Português e Inglês). Buscando o diálogo Executive Editor e o encontro francos de Culturas, RC tem na limpidez a vocação e na Sofi a Salgado Sofi [email protected] transparência o seu processo. COORDENADOR Co-ordinator is a cultural magazine published quarterly in two versions — Chinese Luís Ferreira and International (Portuguese/English)—whose purpose is to refl ect the [email protected] unique identity of Macao. Th e magazine also seeks to promote freedom of expression and through the articles published we hope to stimulate ideas DIRECTOR GRÁFICO and discussion of topics related to Western/Eastern cultural interchange, Graphic Director especially between China and Portugal. Victor Hugo Marreiros [email protected] publishes articles covering an extensive range of topics expressing a CONCEPÇÃO GRÁFICA diversity of views. However, RC is not responsible for ideas and opinions Graphic Design voiced in these articles and thus they cannot be taken as editorial opinion. Grace Lei Iek Iong In addition, we reserve the right to withhold any unsolicited text from publication and the right not to return any unsolicited text. SEPARAÇÃO DE CORES Color Separation Tipografi a Macau Hung Heng Ltda. [email protected] IMPRESSÃO Printing Tipografi a Macau Hung Heng Ltda. [email protected] TIRAGEM Print Run 1100 REDACÇÃO E SECRETARIADO Publisher’s Offi ce INSTITUTO CULTURAL do Governo da R.A.E. de Macau DEIP - Divisão de Estudos, Investigação e Publicações Praça do Tap Seac, Edifício do Instituto Cultural, Macau Tel: (853) 83996381 Fax: (853) 28523660 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.icm.gov.mo 2 Revista de Cultura • 42 • 2013 RCI42.SG.06.Aug new_SI.indd 2 27/11/13 10:36 AM RevistaAssine a de Cultura Subscribe to Review of Culture Preços / Rates A globalização do conhecimento começou em Macau no século XVI quando os saberes do Oriente e do Ocidente Exemplar Avulso / Single Copy se cruzaram nesta terra singular do Sul da China. Macau MOP 80,00 No século XXI, o intercâmbio cultural entre os dois mundos Ásia / Asia continua a ser a vocação de Macau. via aérea / air mail US$ 23,00 A Revista de Cultura é o veículo dessa vocação. via marítima / surface mail US$ 14,00 Knowledge entered into an age of globalisation in Macao in the 16th century when the wisdoms of East and West met Outros países / Other countries in this unique part of South China. via aérea / air mail US$ 29,00 In the 21st century, Macao remains dedicated to cultural interchange via marítima / surface mail both worlds US$ 16,00 between in a vocation maintained by Review of Culture. Assinatura / Subscription (4 números / issues) Macau MOP 160,00 Ásia / Asia via aérea / air mail US$ 72,00 Para fazer a assinatura ou para a compra CONTACTOS via marítima / surface mail de números atrasados, s.f.f. preencha e envie o Contacts US$ 36,00 formulário destacável que encontrará Email: [email protected] Tel: 853-83996381 nas últimas páginas desta edição. Outros países / Other countries Fax: 853-28523660 via aérea / air mail US$ 96,00 To subscribe or to purchase back issues, please via marítima / surface mail fi ll in and mail the form available US$ 44,00 at the end of this issue. 2013 • 42 • Review of Culture 3 RCI42.SG.06.Aug new_SI.indd 3 27/11/13 10:36 AM ATRIUM COLABORARAM NESTE NÚMERO Contributors to this Issue RC, n.° 42, IIIa Série, 2.° Trimestre 2013 RC, no. 42, IIIrd Series, 2nd Quarter 2013 TEXTO Texts Akiko Sugiyama Anabela Nunes Monteiro Denise Lu Dan Dora Nunes Gago Fernando Mendonça Fava Fiona Qi Fiona Tang Francisco Vizeu Pinheiro Isabel Augusta Tavares Mourão Jorge Torres Pereira Leonor Diaz de Seabra Manuel Lobato Maria de Deus Beites Manso Paul B. Spooner TRADUÇÃO Translation Design Victor Hugo Marreiros PHILOS - Comunicação Global, Lda. (Português-Inglês e Inglês-Português) REVISÃO A NOSSA CAPA Proofreading Este número da Revista de Cultura é diferente. Resulta de uma parceria com o Departamento de Português Chao Siu Fu (Chinês), da Universidade de Macau, sendo os textos aqui publicados baseados nas comunicações apresentadas Luís Ferreira (Português), no Colóquio Internacional subordinado ao tema “Relações de Portugal com a Ásia do Sudeste: 500 Anos Jennifer Ann Day (Inglês) de História”, organizado, em Novembro de 2012, por aquele Departamento. Se hoje em dia é recorrente falar-se de Macau como uma importante plataforma entre a China e os países de língua ofi cial portuguesa, não deve esquecer-se o passado e o papel que Macau desempenhou ao longo dos séculos no âmbito do relacionamento Este-Oeste. É este, aliás, o objectivo estatutário da RC, servente da identidade cultural de Macau, agente da mais íntima relação entre o Oriente e o Ocidente, dentro do tema mais vasto do Encontro de Culturas. OUR COVER Th is issue of Review of Culture is diff erent. It is the result of a collaboration with the University of Macau’s Department of Portuguese who selected texts for publication among the papers presented at the International Colloquium it organised in November 2012, entitled “Portugal and Southeast Asia: 500 Years of History”. If today it is recurrent to speak of Macao as an important platform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, one should not forget the past and the role that Macao has played over the centuries in the Western/Eastern cultural interchange. Th is is, indeed, the statutory purpose of RC, servant of the cultural identity of Macao, and agent of the most intimate relationship between East and West, part of the much broader theme of Cultural Encounter. 4 Revista de Cultura • 42 • 2013 RCI42.SG.06.Aug new_SI.indd 4 27/11/13 10:36 AM ATRIUM SUMÁRIO Index PORTUGAL, MACAU E O EXTREMO ORIENTE PORTUGAL, MACAO AND THE FAR EAST HISTORIOGRAFIA * HISTORIOGRAPHY 7 GEOPOLITICAL LENS: THE TURKISH INVASIONS OF EUROPE AND THE PORTUGUESE EXPANSION TO ASIA 從地緣政治看土耳其入侵歐洲和葡萄牙在亞洲的擴張 Paul B. Spooner 20 THE MATTER OF THE SIZE AND THE SIZE OF THE MATTER IN MING CHINA AND PORTUGUESE D’ AVIS MARITIME EXPEDITIONS. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MISSION AND CONSEQUENCES OF ZHENG HE AND VASCO DA GAMA FLEETS 明代中國和葡萄牙阿維什王朝海上探險：鄭和和達伽馬船隊航海成果的比較分析 Francisco Vizeu Pinheiro, Denise Lu Dan, Fiona Qi, Fiona Tang 42 SULTANS, RAJAS, SANGAJI AND KHIMALAHA: CULTURE AND POWER IN THE MALUKU ISLANDS ACCORDING TO THE EARLY PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH SOURCES 早期葡萄牙和西班牙原始資料有關馬魯古群島文化與權力的記載 Manuel Lobato 60 SUBSÍDIOS PARA O ESTUDO DA EMBAIXADA DE MANUEL DE SALDANHA A PEQUIM 16681670: CARTAS E OUTROS DOCUMENTOS NO HISTORICAL ARCHIVES OF GOA 曼努埃爾‧薩達尼亞出使北京16681670研究：存於果阿歷史檔案館的信函及其他資料 Anabela Nunes Monteiro 75 PORTUGUESE FEITORIA OF BANGKOK: AN OVERVIEW 19TH CENTURY 曼谷的葡萄牙貿易貨棧概述19世紀 Leonor Diaz de Seabra 94 ECOS E INFLUÊNCIAS DA PRIMEIRA REPÚBLICA PORTUGUESA EM MACAU 葡萄牙第一共和國在澳門的反響和影響 Fernando Mendonça Fava MISSIONAÇÃO * MISSIONARY 105 MISSIONÁRIOS OU RICOS MERCADORES? O COMÉRCIO DA SEDA ENTRE O JAPÃO E MACAU NOS SÉCULOS XVI E XVII 他們是傳教士還是商人?16-17 世紀日本與澳門之間的絲綢貿易 Maria de Deus Beites Manso 114 ASPECTOS DA MISSÃO JESUÍTA DA COCHINCHINA EM TERRAS DO VIETNAME 科欽支那 越南 的耶穌會傳教團概況 Isabel Augusta Tavares Mourão 2013 • 42 • Review of Culture 5 RCI42.SG.06.Aug new_SI.indd 5 27/11/13 10:36 AM ATRIUMATRIUM DIPLOMACIA * DIPLOMACY 12125 INTERACÇÃO ENTRE HISTORIADORES E DIPLOMATAS NO OBJECTIVO COMUM DE AUMENTAR O CONHECIMENTO DAS RELAÇÕES ENTRE PORTUGAL E A ÁSIA DO SUDESTE 加強葡萄牙與東南亞國家的相互了解：歷史學家與外交家的互動 Jorge Torres Pereira LITERATURA * LITERATURE 11333 PELOS TRILHOS DA HISTÓRIA: IMAGENS DA CULTURA CHINESA EM A QUINTA ESSÊNCIA DE AGUSTINA BESSALUÍS 歷史留踪：阿古斯蒂納‧貝薩路易斯小說《第五質》中的中國文化圖像 Dora Nunes Gago MÚSICA * MUSIC 140 MACAO’S TWO OPERA SEASONS IN 1833 AND 1865: A STUDY OF TRAVELLING MUSICIANS AND MARITIME CONNECTIONS IN THE 19THCENTURY WORLD 澳門1833年及1865年的兩個歌劇節：19世紀旅行音樂家和海路交往研究 Akiko Sugiyama 151 RESUMOS 155 ABSTRACTS 6 RevistaReviistta de CCulturaulltura • 4422 • 20201313 RCI42.SG.06.Aug new_SI.indd 6 27/11/13 10:36 AM HISTORIOGRAPHY Geopolitical Lens The Turkish Invasions of Europe and the Portuguese Expansion to Asia Paul B. Spooner* Th e Portuguese advance around Africa and into the Seljuk Turks, the Egyptian Mameluks, and the Asia in the 15th to 16th centuries took place as the Turks of Ottoman Empire. Th is larger strategy is anchored in the the Ottoman Empire threatened to overthrow Western fact that in the 13th century the Mongol empire crushed Christendom through military invasion in a manner the Abbasid Dynasty, then the chief competitor to similar to their subjugation of Eastern Christendom in Christendom for the previous 500 years. Th e Mongols 1453. Stopping the Turks were the German Catholic serendipitously appeared as the Crusader states in the Habsburg dynasty of Europe’s largest political entity, Holy Land and were in their fi nal decades of fending the Holy Roman Empire.
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