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Course Description Goal Objectives Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire 3/29/2021 Protection Course Description Architects Guide: . This course will provide a general description of passive fire protection (fire resistance rated wall Passive and Active Fire and horizontal assemblies) and active fire Protection protection (automatic sprinkler systems). Based on the 2018 International Building Code® (IBC®) Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 2 1 2 Goal Objectives . Participants will be able to determine where and . Identify the 4 types of fire and smoke resistance what type of fire resistance elements are . Identify and describe the 6 types of fire/smoke required for type of construction, fire areas, resistance rated walls and their uses. protection of means of egress paths or . Determine where and why we use the different protection of openings. Participants will be able assemblies. to determine where and what type of automatic . Apply the provisions applicable for openings and sprinkler system is required as indicated in the penetrations. 2018 International Building Code® (IBC®). Determine interior finish requirements. Identify where fire protection systems are required. Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 3 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 4 3 4 Copyright 2018 International Code Council 1 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire 3/29/2021 Protection Margin Designation in Codes Presentation organization Indicates changes to the code. Title slides indicating topic/main code section . Performance requirements – Main ideas/ Indicates a section that was in the 2012 code that has been deleted from the 2015 code. Philosophy A single asterisk indicates that text or a table has . Code definitions or tables been relocated within the code. * . Example A double asterisk indicates that the text or table immediately following has been relocated from . Quick questions on what we learned ** elsewhere in the code. Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 5 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 6 5 6 Fire Safety performance requirement Buildings shall be designed with: . Safeguards against the spread of fire so that persons not directly involved in the ignition of a fire shall not suffer serious injury or death from a fire and the magnitude of the property losses are limited. Fire fighters can perform rescue operations, protect property and utilize fire-fighting Elements of Fire Safety equipment. Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 7 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 8 7 8 Copyright 2018 International Code Council 2 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire 3/29/2021 Protection Fire Safety performance Difference between passive requirements and active fire protection . Both are important to a building's overall fire safety and should work together. Active Fire Detection and . AFP uses systems that take action in putting out Protection- Notification the fire Sprinklers Alarms . PFP uses systems that help prevent the spread Passive Fire of fire and smoke. Protection– Fire and Smoke Resistant Construction Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 9 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 10 9 10 Fire Safety . Fire-resistance-rated and/or smoke-resistant construction (Chapter 7). Interior finishes (Chapter 8). Fire suppression (Chapter 9). Fire detection and notification (Chapter 9). Types of Fire and Smoke Resistance Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 11 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 12 11 12 Copyright 2018 International Code Council 3 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire 3/29/2021 Protection Chapter 7 Passive Fire Protection This chapter contains provisions for building elements and protection features such as: . Systems that compartmentalize a building . Structural members. through the use of fire-resistance rated walls . Exterior walls. Vertical openings. and floors, keeping the fire from spreading . Fire walls. Shaft enclosures. quickly and providing time to escape for people . Fire barriers. Penetrations. in the building. Fire partitions. Fire-resistant joints. Smoke barriers. Opening protectives. Combination of walls, floors and opening . Smoke partitions. Ducts and air transfer protectives. Floor and Roof (Horizontal) openings. assemblies. Concealed spaces. Fireblocking/draftstopping. Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 13 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 14 13 14 Fire-Resistance Rating Definitions performance requirements FIRE RESISTANCE. That property of materials or The intent of the passive fire protection systems is their assemblies that prevents or retards the to provide resistance to the spread of the fire with– passage of excessive heat, hot gases or flames . Fire resistance under conditions of use. Opening/Penetration protection . FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING. The period of time a building element, component or assembly maintains the ability to confine a fire, continues to Collectively, they provide perform a given structural function, or both, as fire-resistant construction. determined by the tests, or the methods based on tests, prescribed in Section 703. Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 15 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 16 15 16 Copyright 2018 International Code Council 4 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire 3/29/2021 Protection Definitions (cont.) Definitions (cont.) . Annular Space . Fire Damper . Fire Separation . Shaft . Building Element . Fire Door Assembly Distance . Shaft Enclosure . Ceiling Radiation . Fire Partition . Firewall . Smoke Barrier Damper . Fire Window . Fire Protection Rating Assembly . Smoke Compartment . Combination . Fire Resistance . Fireblocking . T Rating Fire/Smoke Damper . Fire-resistance Rating . Horizontal Assembly . Through Penetration . Draftstop . Fire-resistant Joint . Joint . Primary Structural . F Rating System . Membrane Frame . Fire Barrier Penetration . Secondary members Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 17 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 18 17 18 4 Types of fire/smoke resistance 4 Types of fire/smoke resistance 1. Structural fire-resistance; which is primarily 3. Separation of adjacent building spaces regulated by Table 601 (Types of Construction) (smoke); through the use of smoke-resistant construction, such as smoke barriers and 2. Separation of adjacent building spaces smoke partitions. (fire); through use of fire-resistance-rated 4. Protection of adjacent buildings from fire elements, such as fire walls, fire barriers and spread; through the use of fire-resistance-rated fire partitions. exterior walls Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 19 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 20 19 20 Copyright 2018 International Code Council 5 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire 3/29/2021 Protection Structural Fire-Resistance Fire Separation Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 21 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 22 21 22 Smoke Separation Exterior Wall Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 23 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 24 23 24 Copyright 2018 International Code Council 6 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire 3/29/2021 Protection Structural vs. Separation Structural vs. Separation The biggest difference between the two types of Code expects FR construction is that when the rating is for separations to separation, any openings between the separated compartment adjacent spaces must be protected. spaces . Structural is there to hold up the building. Applies both vertically . Separation is trying to compartment spaces. and horizontally . Can also apply to non-FR rated Separations / compartments elements to stop smoke or fire spread Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 25 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 26 25 26 Heat versus Smoke Fire Tests . Heat is most dangerous to the building structure Code uses a number of . ASTM E 814 and UL . Smoke is most dangerous to the building fire tests for a variety of 1479 for penetrations occupants applications: . ASTM E 1966 or UL . ASTM E 119 or UL 263; 2079 for joint systems standard time / . ASTM E 2307 for . Code develops and relies on containment temperature test for FR curtain wall/floor methods to address both of these risks and stop . NFPA 257 for windows intersections the spread of smoke and heat . NFPA 252, UL 10B and . NFPA 285 for UL 10C for doors combustibles in exterior . UL 555 for dampers walls . And more… Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 27 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 28 27 28 Copyright 2018 International Code Council 7 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire 3/29/2021 Protection Fire resistant walls & floors performance requirements Primary difference between various walls: . The purpose they serve . Continuity/construction requirements . Amount and type of opening protection Types of Fire-resistance- rated Construction Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 29 Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 30 29 30 Fire-Resistance-Rated Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Construction . Fire-resistance-rated and/or smoke-resistant . Provisions for wall assemblies address the wall assemblies include: following issues: . Exterior walls . Fire-resistance rating . Fire walls . Continuity . Fire barriers . Openings and penetrations . Fire partitions . Type of
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