Course Description Goal Objectives

Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire 3/29/2021 Protection

Course Description Architects Guide: . This course will provide a general description of passive fire protection (fire resistance rated wall Passive and Active Fire and horizontal assemblies) and active fire Protection protection (automatic sprinkler systems). Based on the 2018 International Building Code® (IBC®)

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Goal Objectives . Participants will be able to determine where and . Identify the 4 types of fire and smoke resistance what type of fire resistance elements are . Identify and describe the 6 types of fire/smoke required for type of construction, fire areas, resistance rated walls and their uses. protection of means of egress paths or . Determine where and why we use the different protection of openings. Participants will be able assemblies. to determine where and what type of automatic . Apply the provisions applicable for openings and sprinkler system is required as indicated in the penetrations. 2018 International Building Code® (IBC®). . Determine interior finish requirements. . Identify where fire protection systems are required.

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Margin Designation in Codes Presentation organization

A single asterisk indicates that text or a table has . Code definitions or tables been relocated within the code. * . Example A double asterisk indicates that the text or table immediately following has been relocated from . Quick questions on what we learned ** elsewhere in the code.

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Fire Safety performance requirement Buildings shall be designed with: . Safeguards against the spread of fire so that persons not directly involved in the ignition of a fire shall not suffer serious injury or death from a fire and the magnitude of the property losses are limited. . Fire fighters can perform rescue operations, protect property and utilize fire-fighting Elements of Fire Safety equipment.

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Fire Safety performance Difference between passive requirements and active fire protection . Both are important to a building's overall fire safety and should work together.

Active Fire Detection and . AFP uses systems that take action in putting out Protection- Notification the fire Sprinklers Alarms . PFP uses systems that help prevent the spread Passive Fire of fire and smoke. Protection– Fire and Smoke Resistant Construction

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Fire Safety . Fire-resistance-rated and/or smoke-resistant construction (Chapter 7). . Interior finishes (Chapter 8). . Fire suppression (Chapter 9). . Fire detection and notification (Chapter 9).

Types of Fire and Smoke Resistance

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Chapter 7 Passive Fire Protection This chapter contains provisions for building elements and protection features such as: . Systems that compartmentalize a building . Structural members. through the use of fire-resistance rated walls . Exterior walls. . Vertical openings. and floors, keeping the fire from spreading . Fire walls. . Shaft enclosures. quickly and providing time to escape for people . Fire barriers. . Penetrations. in the building. . Fire partitions. . Fire-resistant joints. . Smoke barriers. . Opening protectives. . Combination of walls, floors and opening . Smoke partitions. . Ducts and air transfer protectives. . Floor and Roof (Horizontal) openings. assemblies. . Concealed spaces. . Fireblocking/draftstopping.

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Fire-Resistance Rating Definitions performance requirements FIRE RESISTANCE. That property of materials or The intent of the passive fire protection systems is their assemblies that prevents or retards the to provide resistance to the spread of the fire with– passage of excessive heat, hot gases or flames . Fire resistance under conditions of use. . Opening/Penetration protection . FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING. The period of time a building element, component or assembly maintains the ability to confine a fire, continues to Collectively, they provide perform a given structural function, or both, as fire-resistant construction. determined by the tests, or the methods based on tests, prescribed in Section 703.

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Definitions (cont.) Definitions (cont.)

. Annular Space . Fire Damper . Fire Separation . Shaft . Building Element . Fire Door Assembly Distance . Shaft Enclosure . Ceiling Radiation . Fire Partition . Firewall . Smoke Barrier Damper . Fire Window . Fire Protection Rating Assembly . Smoke Compartment . Combination . Fire Resistance . Fireblocking . T Rating Fire/Smoke Damper . Fire-resistance Rating . Horizontal Assembly . Through Penetration . Draftstop . Fire-resistant Joint . Joint . Primary Structural . F Rating System . Membrane Frame . Fire Barrier Penetration . Secondary members

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4 Types of fire/smoke resistance 4 Types of fire/smoke resistance

1. Structural fire-resistance; which is primarily 3. Separation of adjacent building spaces regulated by Table 601 (Types of Construction) (smoke); through the use of smoke-resistant construction, such as smoke barriers and 2. Separation of adjacent building spaces smoke partitions. (fire); through use of fire-resistance-rated 4. Protection of adjacent buildings from fire elements, such as fire walls, fire barriers and spread; through the use of fire-resistance-rated fire partitions. exterior walls

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Structural Fire-Resistance Fire Separation

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Smoke Separation Exterior Wall

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Structural vs. Separation Structural vs. Separation

The biggest difference between the two types of Code expects FR construction is that when the rating is for separations to separation, any openings between the separated compartment adjacent spaces must be protected. spaces . Structural is there to hold up the building. . Applies both vertically . Separation is trying to compartment spaces. and horizontally . Can also apply to non-FR rated Separations / compartments elements to stop smoke or fire spread

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Heat versus Smoke Fire Tests

. Heat is most dangerous to the building structure Code uses a number of . ASTM E 814 and UL . Smoke is most dangerous to the building fire tests for a variety of 1479 for penetrations occupants applications: . ASTM E 1966 or UL . ASTM E 119 or UL 263; 2079 for joint systems standard time / . ASTM E 2307 for . Code develops and relies on containment temperature test for FR curtain wall/floor methods to address both of these risks and stop . NFPA 257 for windows intersections the spread of smoke and heat . NFPA 252, UL 10B and . NFPA 285 for UL 10C for doors combustibles in exterior . UL 555 for dampers walls . And more…

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Fire resistant walls & floors performance requirements

Primary difference between various walls: . The purpose they serve . Continuity/construction requirements . Amount and type of opening protection

Types of Fire-resistance- rated Construction

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Fire-Resistance-Rated Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Construction

. Fire-resistance-rated and/or smoke-resistant . Provisions for wall assemblies address the wall assemblies include: following issues: . Exterior walls . Fire-resistance rating . Fire walls . Continuity . Fire barriers . Openings and penetrations . Fire partitions . Type of materials . Smoke barriers . Structural robustness . Smoke partitions . Floor and Roof (Horizontal) assemblies

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Exterior walls - Purpose Exterior Wall

. Used to limit fire spread to and from the building Exterior walls are regulated for fire resistance and between stories by exterior route under these conditions: . Type of construction requirements (Table 601). . For exterior bearing walls . Location on lot (Table 602). . Other locations, including: - Horizontal continuity of fire walls. - Exterior areas for assisted rescue. - Egress courts.

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Exterior Walls Exterior walls

. Fire separation distance determines: . The required fire-resistance rating . Fire separation distance is measured from each building face to the: . Closest interior lot line. . Centerline of a street. . Imaginary line between two buildings.

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Exterior Wall – Fire-resistance Exterior walls - Radiant Heat ratings Radiant heat travels in straight lines but its intensity decreases with distance. . Twice the distance = one- quarter, . Three times the distance = one-ninth

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Exterior walls - Parapets Exterior Walls

. Where the jurisdiction has adopted the IECC, the exterior wall may also have requirements energy efficiency. . The choice of walls and openings must meet both.

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Exterior walls Exterior walls

. Table 601 says a Type 3B school has to have an exterior wall with a . Table 601 says a Type 5B business has to have an exterior wall with fire resistance rating of 2 hours. a fire resistance rating of 0 hours. . How close to the property line before the fire separation distance . How close to the property line before the fire separation distance would increase that requirement? – would increase that requirement? – . Table 602 has 1 hour for every distance from 0’ to 30’; so construction type . Table 602 has 1 hour for every distance < 10’; so closer than that the exterior controls wall rating increases . At what point would the openings on that side be limited or need . At what point would the openings on that side be limited or need protection? – protection? – . Table 705.8 for non-sprinklered buildings at <30’, sprinklered buildings at <20’ . Table 705.8 for non-sprinklered buildings at <30’, sprinklered buildings at <20’ . At what point are no unprotected openings permitted on that side? - . At what point are no unprotected openings permitted on that side? - . Table 705.8 for non-sprinklered buildings at <5’, sprinklered buildings at <3’ . Table 705.8 for non-sprinklered buildings at <5’, sprinklered buildings at <3’

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Fire walls - Purpose Fire Walls . Create separate buildings. Provides separation . A common wall used for: for allowable area and type of construction . Create separate buildings within a single structure. purposes (Section 706.1) . Serve the same function as a fire barrier where used as a horizontal exit or for the separation of fire areas.

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Fire walls - NFPA 221 Option – Fire walls - Structural Stability Double Wall . Must allow for

collapse of Fire-Resistance Ratings for construction on either Double Wall Assemblies side without collapsing fire wall Fire- Equivalent to Resistance Single Wall . Code accepts NFPA Rating of Each (Hour) 221 as an acceptable Wall (Hour) “deemed to comply” 3 4 option 2 3 1 2

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Fire Walls Fire walls Issue Requirement Based upon occupancy classifications of separated buildings . Is the white wall a fire wall? Required fire-resistance rating or fire areas: Table 706.4 . Probably. Look at connections Foundation to 30” above roof (except as noted) and structural stability. Required continuity Exterior wall to exterior wall plus 18” (except as noted) . Are all fire walls visible on the Any single opening maximum 156 square feet; unless sprinklered outside of the building? Openings Aggregate width not exceeding 25% of length of wall . No. There are allowances to

Noncombustible for Types I through IV construction rate the exterior walls or roofs Types of materials Combustible for Type V construction rather than going through.

Bearing load for tributary loads, as required Robustness of structural Allow structural collapse on either side without collapse of system wall

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Fire Barriers - Purpose Fire Barrier . Used to provide compartments where greater levels of protection or time are required. Used for: . Shaft enclosures . Atrium enclosures . Stairway and ramp . Incidental uses enclosures . Control areas . Exit passageways . Separated uses . Horizontal exits . Fire areas

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Fire Barriers - Continuity Fire Barriers

Issue Requirement

Required Fire-Resistance Rating Depends upon specific use

Floor/ceiling below to deck above through Required continuity concealed spaces

General: Aggregate width <25% wall length; Openings maximum size 156 sq. ft. Specific: Rules based on use of barrier

Types of materials As required for the type of construction

Robustness of structural system If bearing, fire tested with load

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Fire Partitions - Purpose Fire Partitions

. Protection on an individual level. Generally a Used for: lower rating and for a shorter/more limited level . Walls separating dwelling/sleeping units of protection. . Walls separating tenant spaces in mall building . Corridor walls . Elevator lobby . Egress balconies

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Fire Partition - Continuity to Fire Partition - Continuity to floor deck/sheathing and roof assembly

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Smoke Control Systems Fire Partitions performance requirements Issue Requirement Required Fire-Resistance Rating 1 hour, with exceptions, depending on use. For corridors see Table 1020.1 . Smoke control systems are designed to maintain

Required continuity Floor/ceiling below to deck above or tight to underside of a tenable atmosphere for occupants during an fire-resistance rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly. Supported by fire-resistance rated evacuation. construction, except in corridors, tenant, and sleeping room separations in Types IIB, IIIB and VB construction

Openings 20 minutes for corridors, elevator lobbies and ½-hour walls 45 minutes for all others

Types of materials As required for the type of construction

Robustness of structural system If bearing, fire tested with load

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Smoke Barrier & Smoke Smoke Barriers Partitions - Purpose . Focused on smoke versus fire. . Used for: . The two types differ similar to Fire Barriers and . Underground buildings Fire Partitions due to the level of protection . Group I-2 and I-3 (nursing homes, hospitals, jails) intended. . Ambulatory Care Facility . Smoke Barriers are a better/higher level of . Areas of refuge protection than the smoke partitions. . Smoke control systems . Smoke barriers are typically for “defend in place” . A minimum 1-hour fire-resistance rating is occupancies to subdivide floors into smoke required for smoke barriers. compartments.

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Smoke Barriers - Continuity Smoke Barriers - Continuity

MINIMUM OF 2 SMOKE COMPARTMENTS MAXIMUM SIZE OF COMPARTMENT: 22,500 SQ. FT. FOR I-2, CONDITION 1 Smoke Barrier Continuity Requirements 40,000 SQ. FT. FOR I-2, CONDITION 2

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Smoke Partitions Smoke Control Systems Three methods of smoke control: . Used for: . Smoke barrier construction. . Corridor walls in Group I-2 occupancies (407.3) . Pressurization method. . Elevator lobbies (Section 3006.3, Exception 2). . Exhaust method. . Smoke partitions are not required to have a fire- resistance rating unless required by some other provision of the code. . Smoke partitions must be capable of resisting the passage of smoke.

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Mechanical Smoke Control Floor & Roof (Horizontal) Systems – Where Applicable Assembly - Purpose . Smokeproof exit enclosures in high-rise buildings. . Atriums >= 3 stories in height (including malls) . Used to compartment building vertically; either . Underground buildings/windowless stories (including for fire or smoke purposes. jails) . Regulating continuity of the assembly and . Special amusement buildings protection of openings in non-rated assemblies . Stages is a unique aspect of the code’s “Fire- . Smoke-protected assembly seating Resistance” provisions . F-1 and S-1 > 50,000 sq.ft. . High pile combustible storage

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Floor & Roof Assembly - Floor/Ceiling and Roof Assembly Purpose . Typically required to be rated when working in Although same test as conjunction with fire barriers (i.e., top or bottom walls, creates a more of shaft protection, fire areas, separate uses). severe exposure. . Limits openings similar to rated assemblies: . 70 to 90 percent of . Rated shafts protect openings heat rises up in the . Annular spaces filled for penetrations fire plume. . Dampers or annular space for ducts . Items that can pass . Voids filled at floor and curtain wall as a wall, typically do not pass as a floor/ceiling assembly.

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Floor/Ceiling and Roof Assembly Floor/Ceiling and Roof Assembly - Continuity Continuous assembly without vertical openings. . Except as permitted – Section 712 and 711 . Section 712 list 16 allowed openings. . Skylights and other roof penetrations allowed if: . Structural integrity is maintained . Not in roofs rated in accordance with 705.8.6 . Certain code provisions prohibit openings (protected or unprotected) in specific locations of horizontal assemblies. Examples: . Adjacent to fire walls – Section 706.6 exceptions 2, 3 or 4 . Lower roof of stepped building – Section 706.6.1 . Plastic skylight near exterior wall requiring protected openings – Section 2610.7

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Floor/Ceiling and Roof Assembly Podium Buildings - Supporting construction . Horizontal separation addressed in Section 510 . The supporting construction shall be protected to afford the required fire-resistance rating of the floor/ceiling and roof assembly supported.

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Protection of Structural Now what? Members in rated construction . What happens if I cannot find a UL listed . Individual . Membrane assembly that includes everything I want in my encasement walls?

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Calculated Fire Resistance Calculated Fire Resistance Code does allow calculation as a method to A great section of the code to know it exists and determine fire-resistance. how to apply it. • Can also be used for modifying assemblies that are tested. . Can save time versus hunting for a tested assembly. Includes provisions for: . Helpful in modifying existing assemblies such as . Concrete assemblies . Steel assemblies block walls to provide an increased rating. . Concrete masonry . Wood assemblies . Tends to be more conservative, but a great way . Clay brick and tile . Exposed wood members to learn more about fire-resistance concepts. masonry and wood decking

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Calculated Fire Resistance Harmathy’s Ten Rules

Some of the important concepts covered include: The “Ten Rules of Fire Endurance Ratings” were . Weight to heated perimeter (for steel), developed by T.Z. Harmathy and provide a means . Varying protection thickness based on to analyze or upgrade current as well as archaic performance of protecting material (spray building materials or assemblies. applied materials on steel) . Can be found in IEBC Resource A . Protection of reinforcement for concrete, . Explain basic concepts of fire endurance and . Additive value of materials and not taking credit may assist in making modifications or for unexposed membrane for wood walls, determining the impact of modifying an assembly . Impact of added insulation for walls . Don’t use without complete reading/understanding

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Harmathy’s 10 Rules – See IEBC Rule 1

The “thermal” fire endurance of a construction consisting of a number of parallel layers is greater than the sum of the “thermal” fire endurances characteristic of the individual layers when 1. Reproduced from the May 1065 Fire Technology (Vol. 1, No. 2). Copyright National Fire Protection Association, Boston. Reproduced by permission. exposed separately to fire.

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Rule 2 Rule 3 The fire endurance of a The fire endurance of construction does not constructions containing decrease with the addition of continuous air gaps or cavities further layers. is greater than the fire endurance of similar constructions of the same weight, but containing no air gaps or cavities.

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Rule 4 Rule 5

The farther an air gap or The fire endurance of a cavity is located from the construction cannot be exposed surface, the more increased by increasing the beneficial is its effect on the thickness of a completely fire endurance. enclosed air layer.

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Rule 6 Rule 7

Layers of materials of low The fire endurance of thermal conductivity are asymmetrical constructions better utilized on that side of depends on the direction of the construction on which heat flow. fire is more likely to happen.

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Rule 8 Rule 9

The presence of moisture, if it Load-supporting elements, such as beams, girders does not result in explosive and joists, yield higher fire endurances when spalling, increases the fire subjected to fire endurance tests as parts of floor, endurance. roof, or ceiling assemblies than they would when tested separately.

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Opening Protective Rule 10 Performance Requirements

The load-supporting elements (beams, girders, . Opening protectives are part of the PFP system. joists, etc.) of a floor, roof, or ceiling assembly can . Fire doors help compartmentalize a building, be replaced by such other load-supporting while giving its occupants means of escape. elements which, when tested separately, yielded fire endurances not less than that of the assembly. . Dampers are used in a facilities ducts to prevent the spread of fire/smoke throughout the building’s ductwork system.

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Definition Protecting the holes FIRE PROTECTION RATING. The period of time Fire resistance and separations only work if all that an opening protective will maintain the ability holes are properly sealed and protected. to confine a fire as determined by tests prescribed in Section 716. Ratings are stated in hours or . Opening Protectives: Fire door and window minutes. assemblies - Section 716. . Penetrations - Section 714. . Joint protection - Section 715. . Dampers - Section 717. . Fireblocking and draftstopping - Section 718.

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Example of types Floor/Ceiling & Roof Assemblies

The horizontal fire test is a more severe test condition. An assembly that can pass as a wall, probably will not pass if installed in the horizontal condition: . Watch out for tops and bottoms of shafts

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Opening protectives for Opening protectives horizontal fire/smoke migration Since windows and doors offer a lower level of protection (fire-protection rating vs. fire-resistance rating), the code limits the amount of FR-rated wall that can be removed and replaced with openings. . This can be seen in requirements for items like exterior walls, fire walls and fire barriers where the amount of “openings” are limited . However, where glazing is tested to wall standard (FR-rated), the area limitations don’t Fire Rated Windows apply Fire Doors Fire Shutters

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Opening protectives for vertical Opening protectives for vertical fire/smoke migration fire/smoke migration . Section 712 has 16 options . Most common is a shaft enclosure. Shafts can have a top or bottom.

Two story openings & skylights

Stairways Exit with draft access Atriums curtains stairways

Parking garages

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Vertical shafts Penetrations - Types

. A Type 5A office building can be 6 stories tall (Table 505.4). Table 601 says the floor rating is 1 hour. The exit stairway shaft is required to be 2 hours Through Penetration Membrane Penetration (1023.2). Does the shaft requirements change the floor rating? . Yes. Supporting construction of shafts would require the floor system in that structural bay and all supporting columns to be rated for 2 hours.

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Penetrations Dampers – Types & Locations

Penetrating items must be protected to show they The type and location of do not create holes in an assembly which could dampers is specified in compromise the rating. Compliance is shown by: Section 717.5 & 717.6 . Testing as a part of the original assembly based on the type of . Testing as a through penetration firestop assembly it penetrates. . Complying with any applicable exception

Walls require an F-rating for penetrations while horizontal assemblies typically require a T-rating. . Important distinction since T-rating is more difficult to obtain.

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Dampers Dampers - Through penetrations

While dampers seem similar, it is important to use the right damper at the right location to get the proper protection. . Fire damper . Smoke damper . Combination damper (Fire and Smoke) . Ceiling radiation damper

. Each has different purpose and may by its listing be limited to where and how it is installed

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Dampers - Membrane Fire-Resistant Joint Systems penetration . This section regulates joints or linear openings created between building assemblies, which are sometimes referred to as head-of-wall, expansion or seismic joints.

. These joints are most often created where the structural design of a building necessitates a separation between building components in order to accommodate anticipated structural displacements caused by thermal expansion and contraction, seismic activity, wind or other loads.

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Firestopping vs. Examples of Locations fireblocking or draftstopping . Section 714: firestopping for penetrations . Section 718: fireblocking and draftstopping

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Firestopping vs. Fireblocking or Draftstopping

Penetration firestops fireblocking or draftstopping . Protects penetrations . Limits spread of fire into rated assemblies within concealed spaces . Applies to both . May be rated or noncombustible and rated construction noncombustible . Applies to combustible construction concealed locations . Not tested, but use . Typically a tested system specific prescriptive/generic Chapter 8 – Interior Finishes products that are deemed to be acceptable

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Interior finish performance Wall and Ceiling Finishes requirements . Interior surface finishes on walls, floors, ceilings Wall and ceiling finishes with limits on flame and suspended building elements shall resist the spread and smoke development, except for: spread of fire and limit the generation of . Materials less than 0.036-inches thick (0.914 mm) unacceptable levels of toxic gases, smoke and applied directly to the surface of walls or ceilings, and heat appropriate to the design performance level . Exposed portions of building elements complying with Type IV requirements. and associated hazards, risks and fire safety . Floor finishes having a limited critical radiant flux. systems or features installed. . Trim and decorative materials that are regulated for flame resistance.

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Interior finish requirements Interior finish requirements based on groups based on groups . Class A: = Flame spread index 0-25; Table 803.13 specifies the minimum required smokedeveloped index 0-450. classification for wall and ceiling finishes based on . Class B: = Flame spread index 26-75; occupancy classification and automatic sprinkler smokedeveloped index 0-450. protection for the following locations: . Class C: = Flame spread index 76-200; . Interior exit stairways, interior exit ramps and exit smokedeveloped index 0-450 passageways, . Corridors and enclosure for exit access stairways, or . Rooms and enclosed spaces (i.e., not included in the first two items).

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Interior Floor Finish Interior Floor Finish Requirements Requirements . Fibrous interior floor finishes in enclosures for . Class I, 0.45 watts/cm2 or greater; stairways, exit passageways, corridors and 2 rooms not separated from corridors by full-height . Class II, 0.22 watts/cm or greater. partitions must also meet the following minimum classifications: . Class I for Groups I-1, I-2 and I-3 in a nonsprinklered building. . Class II for Groups I-1, I-2 and I-3 in a fully sprinklered building. . Class II for Groups A, B, E, H, I-4, M, R-1, R-2 and S in a nonsprinklered building.

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Decorative materials and trim Interior Finishes

. Examples:

Please look at your book because the footnotes are important!

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Interior finishes

Occupancy Sprinkler Location within building Special Maximum group protection Condition Speed

B NO Nonrated corridor None B

A-2 YES Dining room None C I-2 YES Office space Administrative C, note h F NO Warehouse space None C

R-1 YES Vertical exit enclosure 2 stories C, note b M NO Sales room None C Chapter 9 - Fire Protection U NO Private garage None No restrictions R-2 YES Rated corridor Wanscotting C Systems H-2 YES Laboratory 3 stories B, Note g

I-3 YES Vertical exit enclosure 2 stories A Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 120 119 120

Active Fire Protection Automatic Sprinkler System

. A system that require some amount of action in . Fire Hazards are based on fuel load order to work efficiently in the event of a fire. . Each Fire Hazard has its own design . Manually operated, like a fire extinguisher criteria . Automatic, like a sprinkler. . Design Criteria are the requirements to which the sprinkler system design is based

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Automatic Sprinkler Systems Automatic Sprinkler Systems

. In most automatic sprinkler systems, the . Sprinkler requirements and trade-offs in the sprinkler heads open one at a time as they are codes can be further limited by: heated to their operating temperature. . Type of system – NFPA 13, 13R or 13D . One of the major advantages of a sprinkler . Sprinklered throughout the building, sprinklered at system is that it can function as both a fire and below a certain floor level, sprinklers in a fire detection system and a fire suppression system. area, limited area sprinklers (e.g. within a room)

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Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Modifications of Code Requirements Type: NFPA 13 sprinkler system

. When automatic sprinklers are installed in a building, the . A full sprinkler system coverage throughout IBC gives credit, and allows modifications, for the added including attics, concealed spaces and balconies protection the system provides . More property protection in addition to life safety . Not all tradeoffs are permitted for every type of sprinkler system. . May be limited by: . Type of system: NFPA 13, 13R or 13D . Area: Sprinklers throughout the building, sprinklers in a fire area, sprinklers at and below a floor level, limited area sprinklers (e.g. within a room)

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Type: NFPA 13R sprinkler system Type: NFPA 13D sprinkler system

. NFPA 13R is a 13 system . A life-safety only system only without the added coverage in meant for 1 and 2 family dwellings the concealed spaces with out the same requirements . Permitted in Group R up to 4 for monitoring and is really only stories tall designed for one or 2 sprinklers activating at one time. . Permitted in Group R-3 and R-4, Condition 1, and IRC one- and two-family and townhouses.

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Types of Sprinkler Systems Area: Throughout the building

System Feature Sprinkler Standard NFPA 13 NFPA 13R NFPA 13D or . Example: Group I or R requires sprinklers IRC P2904 throughout the building, even in mixed use Extent of Throughout the building Occupied spaces Occupied spaces buildings. Protection Design Intent Life Safety & Life Safety Life Safety Property Protection Applicability All Occupancies Group R up to 1- & 2-family dwellings & 4-stories or 60’ Townhomes Design Methods Pipe schedule; Control mode – 4 sprinklers per 2 sprinklers per discharge density/design area; compartment compartment Control mode – specific application; Suppression mode Sprinklers All listed & approved types Listed Residential Listed Residential Minimum H O 2 30 to 120 minutes 30 Minutes 7 or 10 Minutes Supply Duration Architects Guide: Passive and Active Fire Protection 130

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Area: Fire areas Area: Fire Area

. Example: Most other occupancies allow for the building to be subdivided into fire areas as on . A fire area is a compartment created through the option to sprinklers. use of fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls and/or horizontal assemblies for the purpose of not exceeding the limits at which a sprinkler system is required. . Fire areas shall be separated from each other with the minimum required fire-resistance as established in Table 707.3.10.

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Fire Area vs. Building Area Area: Floor Levels

. Examples of sprinklers required by floor level – . Group A-2 and A-3 occupied roofs . . Ambulatory Care

Ambulatory Care Rooftop Restaurant

Level of Exit Discharge

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Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Area: Limited area sprinklers Where required . Incidental uses Occupancy Location/Condition Group A-1 Fire areas: • >12,000 sq.ft.. • Occupant load of >=300. • Located above or below the level of exit discharge. • Multi-theater complex. Group A-2 Fire area: • >5,000 sq.ft.. • Occupant load of >=100. • Located above or below the level of exit discharge. Group A-3 Fire area: • >12,000 sq.ft.. • Occupant load of >=300. • Located above or below the level of exit discharge. Group A-4 Fire area: • >12,000 sq.ft.. • Occupant load of >=300. • Located above or below the level of exit discharge.

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Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Where required Where required Occupancy Location/Condition Occupancy Location/Condition Group A-5 • In concession stands, press boxes, retail areas, etc., Group B Ambulatory Care facilities (care recipients incapable of self >1,000 sq.ft. preservation) Group A on • Group A-2 occupant load of >100 • At the floor with the ambulatory care and all floor Roofs • Group A-3 occupant load of >300 below to the level of exit discharge • Sprinkler floors below to level of exit discharge. • 4 or more care recipients at the level of exit discharge Combined • Group A fire areas that share egress paths with a • 1 or more care recipients above the level of exit Group A combined occupant load of >=300 discharge.

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Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Where required Where required

Occupancy Location/Condition Occupancy Location/Condition Group E • Fire area >12,000 sq.ft. and occupant load > 300 Group F-1 Fire areas: • Every portion below the level of exit discharge. • >12,000 sq.ft.. • Combined >24,000 sq.ft.. • Located more than three stories above grade plane. •Woodworking operations >2,500 sq.ft. • Manufacture of upholstered furniture or mattresses >2,500 sq.ft. in area.

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Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Where required Where required

Occupancy Location/Condition Occupancy Location/Condition Group H • All Group H occupancies. Group I • All buildings containing a Group I occupancy.

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Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Where required Where required

Occupancy Location/Condition Occupancy Location/Condition

Group M Fire area: Group R • All buildings containing a Group R occupancy. • >12,000 sq.ft.. • Combined >24,000 sq.ft.. • Located more than three stories above grade plane. • High-piled or rack storage is used. • Where used for the display and sale of upholstered furniture or mattresses >5,000 sq.ft. in area.

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Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Automatic Sprinkler Systems – Where required Where required

Occupancy Location/Condition Occupancy Location/Condition Group S-1 • Fire area: Group S-2 • Enclosed parking garages where the fire area is > 12,000 sq.ft.. • >12,000 sq.ft.. • Enclosed parking garage located beneath other groups (except • Combined >24,000 sq.ft.. below Group R-3). • Located more than three stories above grade plane. • Commercial parking garages where the fire area > 5,000 sq.ft..

• Repair garages: • Two or more stories (including basements) >10,000 sq.ft., or • One story >12,000 sq.ft., or • Buildings with vehicles in the basement. • Bulk storage of tires >20,000 cubic feet. • Storage of upholstered furniture or mattresses >2,500 sq.ft. in area

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Section 903 Automatic Sprinkler Automatic Sprinkler Systems Systems . Would a sprinkler system be required in a day care with an area of 10,000 Occupancy Location/Condition sq.ft? Other types of special • Covered malls (Section 402.5) . Yes, if it takes children under 2-1/2 years old (Group I-4). buildings or uses • High rises (Section 403.3) . The daycare can be Group E if all rooms with children under 2-1/2 years has a • Atriums (Section 404.3) door directly to the outside at grade (308.5.1). • Underground structures (Section 405.3) • Stages (Section 410.6) . Due the concern about the danger of doors with closers for small children, the • Special amusement buildings (Section 411.3) facility may want to sprinkler to use the exception for rated corridors (Table • Aircraft hangars (Section 412.3.6, 412.5.6) 1020.1); or provide doors directly to the outside from all rooms (1020.1 Exp. 1). • Flammable finishes (Section 416.5) . The cost for the sprinkler system is offset by the savings on the rated corridors. • Drying rooms (Section 417.4) • Unlimited area buildings (Section 507)

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Standpipe Systems Standpipe Systems

. Standpipes are required to aid manual fire- . In buildings with a floor >30 feet above and below fighting operations. the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. . In buildings 4 or more stories above or below grade plane. . In the following occupancies: . Group A occupant load is > 1,000. . Covered mall buildings. . Stages with an area > 1,000 sq. ft.. . Underground buildings.

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Fire Alarm and Detection Systems performance requirements

. Occupant notification shall be provided to warn of the presence of a fire or other emergency in sufficient time to enable occupants to take action without being exposed to risk of injury or death. . A fire detection system recognizes when a fire is occurring and activates the fire alarm system. . Alerts occupants Fire Alarm and Detection . May alert the fire department . May automatically activate fire suppression systems or other Systems building systems

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What activates the fire alarm/building evacuation Fire Alarm Systems systems? . Occupant notification . Manual pull stations . Audible . Water flow in the . 15 dBA above ambient sprinkler system or . Maximum 110 dBA heat detection . Visual . Automatic smoke . Public areas and common areas . Some sleeping units in Group I-1 detection systems and R-1 . Emergency voice/alarm communication system . Provide voice instructions

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Section 907 Section 907 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems Fire Alarm and Detection Systems Occupancy Location/Condition Occupancy Location/Condition Group A  Occupant load of >=300 Group F  Two or more stories and an occupant load of >=500  Emergency voice/alarm system for occupant load of above or below the level of exit discharge >=1,000 Group H  In Group H-5 occupancies, and in occupancies used Group B  Occupant load of >=500 for the manufacture of organic coatings  >100 occupants above or below the lowest level of Group I  Required in all Group I occupancies exit discharge  Visible alarms required in some Group I-1 units  Ambulatory health care facilities Group M  Occupant load of >=500 Group E  Occupant load of >=50  >100 occupants above or below the lowest level of  Emergency voice/alarm system for occupant load of exit discharge >100 Group R  Required in Groups R-1, R-2 & R-4 with some exceptions  Visible alarms required in some Group R-1 units

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Section 907 Residential Smoke Alarm Fire Alarm and Detection Systems Systems . Single- or multi-station smoke alarm most Occupancy Location/Condition common type of residential fire alarm system. Other types of  Special amusement buildings . Includes both a smoke detection device and an audible alarm within a single unit special  Highrise . In the bedrooms, the area of the bedrooms buildings or  Atriums and on each level in a multi-level unit uses  High-piled combustible storage  Lumber, wood structural panels and veneer mills . Interconnected, wired with battery back up.  Underground buildings . Interaction with the building evacuation  Malls > 50,000 sq.ft. system for college dorms and apartment buildings  Air traffic control towers

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Your comments?

International Code Council is a Registered Provider with The American . What in this section might you Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on be able to use in your own completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on work? request.

. What could you best share with This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional others in as part of a education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of collaborative effort? construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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This presentation is protected by US and International To schedule a seminar, contact: Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is The Learning Center™ prohibited. 1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233) Ext. 33821 © International Code Council 2018 or E-mail: [email protected]

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Course Description

. The process for correctly evaluating a building Architects Guide: for code compliance for means of egress. Means of Egress

Based on the 2018 International Building Code® (IBC®)

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Goal Objectives – . Participants will receive an overview of the . List and describe each of the three parts of a fundamental requirements for the three part of MOE. the means of egress system as indicated in the . Identify the fundamental MOE design issues and 2018 International Building Code® (IBC®). performance requirements. . Understand the additional requirements for accessible MOE. . Determine the requirements for determining occupant load; number, size and arrangement for exit paths; lighting and signage. . Evaluate the MOE in assembly spaces.

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Margin Designation in Codes Presentation organization

Indicates changes to the code. . Title slides indicating topic/main code section . Performance requirements – Main ideas/ Indicates a section that was in the 2012 code that has been deleted from the 2015 code. Philosophy A single asterisk indicates that text or a table has . Code definitions or tables been relocated within the code.

* A double asterisk indicates that the text or table . Example immediately following has been relocated from ** elsewhere in the code. . Quick questions on what we learned

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MOE Performance Requirements The arrangement and number of Means of Egress Overview – exits shall be appropriate to the building height and area, type of Chapter 10 construction, travel distance, number of occupants, occupant characteristics and safety systems.

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Chapter 10 organization Special uses

Administration and Definitions Specific MOE requirement may be provided in Chapter 4. . 1001,1002 General MOE . 1003-1015 Components of MOE

. Exit Access 1016-1021 Airplane Hangers Stages . Exits 1022-1027 . Exit discharge 1028 Miscellaneous

. Assembly 1029 Malls

. Emergency Escape and Rescue 1030 Institutional

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MOE Performance Special uses Requirements Specific MOE requirement may be provided in Chapter 4. Maintain the MOE route and protection.

High Hazard Storm shelters Residential

Jails Ambulatory Care

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IFC Chapter 10 organization Planning

Administration and Definitions . IBC [F] 1001.3 Maintenance. Means of egress . 1001,1002 shall be maintained in accordance with the General MOE International Fire Code. . 1003-1015 . IBC [F] 1001.4 Fire safety and evacuation Components of MOE plans. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall be . Exit Access 1016-1021 provided for all occupancies and buildings . Exits 1022-1027 where required by the International Fire Code. . Exit discharge 1028 Such fire safety and evacuation plans shall Miscellaneous comply with the applicable provisions of . Assembly 1029 Sections 401.2 and 404 of the International Fire . Emergency Escape and Rescue 1030 Code. . Maintenance 1031

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Definition Exit Access

Means of Egress (MOE): A continuous and unobstructed path of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any occupied portion of a building or structure to a public way. A means of egress consists of three separate and distinct parts: the exit access, the exit and the exit discharge.

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Exit Exit Discharge

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What Can Go Wrong? Historic Events to Learn From

Iroquois Theater . Chicago, 1903 What happens when things go wrong if there are . At least 605 dead. egress problems? . Blocked exits . History shows us……….

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Historic Events to Learn From Historic Events to Learn From

Coconut Grove nightclub Beverly Hills Supper Club . Boston, 1942 . Southgate Kentucky . 492 dead, 300 injured (Cincinnati), 1977 . Obstructed exits (doors . 165 dead, over 200 swinging in, revolving injured door), overcrowding, . Delayed notification, flammable finish delayed action, materials convoluted egress path

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Historic Events to Learn From Historic Events to Learn From MGM Grand Hotel and Casino Station nightclub . Paradise, Nevada, 1980 . West Warwick Rhode . 85 dead, over 600 injured Island, 2003 . Flammable materials, . 100 dead, over 200 stairways locked, no injured. sprinklers . Flammable finish materials, use of fireworks indoors, blocked exits

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Design for the Worst Case

. We don’t know when an emergency will occur, so we need to assume the worst case scenario and design for it. . The occupant load is based on the use of the space, not the occupancy/Group used for the building height and area requirements. . Assume all spaces are fully occupied. Occupant Load – Section 1004

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Occupant Load (OL) Occupant Load (OL)

. For areas with fixed seats – OL is based on the number The number of occupants is cumulative where: of seats. . Occupants pass through intervening rooms— . For areas without fixed seats – OL is based on the area OL is cumulative for spaces along egress path. divided by the load factor in Table 1004.5. . Where occupants on a mezzanine or balcony egress to the room below— . The OL of each story is considered separately to OL is cumulative for that level and the mezzanine. determine stairway requirements. . Outdoor areas that egress back through a building – OL is cumulative with spaces along egress path. . Where occupants converge from above an below at the same exit level– OL is cumulative for the two stories.

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Multiple Uses Occupant Load (OL)

Where a space is used . Increased occupant . Actual occupant load for multiple purposes, the load egress system shall be designed to serve the largest of the anticipated occupant loads

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Table 1004.5 Maximum floor area allowances per occupant Floor area, gross

. Shaded area indicates the portion included in the MECHANICAL ROOM gross floor area CORRIDOR

VENT SHAFT REST- ROOMS

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Floor area, net Occupant Load

. Shaded area How will the cumulative occupant load effect the design of the exits? indicates the portion MECHANICAL Conference Room included in the ROOM 700 sq.ft.

net floor area Office C 8,000 sq.ft.

CORRIDOR Office 700 sq.ft.

Lobby 600 sq.ft. VENT SHAFT REST- A – 700 ÷ 15 = 47 occupants ROOMS B, C & D – (10,000 – 700) ÷ 150 = 62 occupants 47 + 62 = 109 total occupants

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Number of MOE Required – Spaces – 1006.2 . MOE for a room or space is “exit or exit access doorways”.

Exit access door

Number of Exits and Exit Access Doorways – Section 1006 Exit door

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Number of MOE Required – Number of MOE Required Section 1006.2, Table 1006.3.2 Stories – 1006.3 . MOE for a story is “exits or access to an exit”. . All occupied rooms, spaces and stories will require a minimum of 2 ways out:

Minimum number of exits or access to exits Occupant Load Minimum number of MOE 1-500 2 Enclosed 501-1,000 3 stairway is an “exit” More than 1,000 4

Open stairway is . Exceptions for 1 means of egress “access to exits”

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Common Path of Egress Number of MOE Required Travel Number of MOE are required based on: . COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. . Occupant load That portion of the exit access travel . Remoteness or distance to exit distance measured from the most remote . Specific types of uses (Boiler rooms, refrigeration point within a story to that point where machinery rooms, etc.) the occupants have separate access to . Location within the building (Upper floors or two exits or exit access doorways. basements)

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TABLE 1006.2.1 SPACES WITH ONE EXIT OR EXIT ACCESS Common path of travel DOORWAY . Assume sprinklered office building 2015 IBC Page 254 . What is the number of occupants and travel distance for common path of travel?

Office space gets 49 Travel in either direction occupants and 100’; Office 5 Conference occupants room gets 49 occupants and Conference room 40 occupants 75’

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Table 1006.3.3(1) Number of Exits per Story Stories With One Exit or Access to One Exit for R-2 Occupancies

. The required 2 exits O.L. = 400 required number of exits Maximum Number Maximum common path 2 exits Story Occupancy O.L. = 400 from any story, of Dwelling Units of egress travel distance required Basement, 1st, 2nd basement or Ra,b 4 dwelling units 125 feet 3 exits or 3rd story O.L. = 600 individual required 4th story and space must be NP NA NA 3 exits above O.L. = 200 maintained until required a. Buildings classified as Group R-2 equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler arrival at grade system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and provided with 4 exits O.L. = 1100 emergency escape and rescue openings in accordance with Section 1030. required or the public way 4 exits b. This table is used for R-2 occupancies consisting of dwelling units. For R-2 O.L. = 350 required occupancies consisting of sleeping units, use Table 1006.3.3(2).

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Table 1006.3.3(2) Stories with One Exit or Access to One Exit for Number of exits Other Occupancies If you have a warehouse with a ground floor with 100 occupants, and a smaller 2nd floor with 20 occupants, could the 2nd floor have a single exit?

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Number of exits

If you have a 2nd floor with a business with 14 occupants and 2 apartment units, could they have access to only one exit?

R-2

B R-2

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Accessible MOE (AMOE)

• Assisted rescue when necessary • Defend in place (i.e., hospitals, jails) • Assisted evacuation at stairways • Assisted evacuation Accessible Means of Egress at elevators with standby power – Section 1009

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AMOE: Minimum Number AMOE: Minimum Number

. Minimum number of AMOE required: . IBC requires 2 or more MOE in most facilities with few exceptions .1 AMOE- where 1 MOE required .2 AMOE - if more than 1 MOE required

. Exceptions: • Existing facilities • Areas not required to be accessible Drawing courtesy of Access Board

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AMOE: Minimum Number AMOE: Upper Floors MOE required from each space and room

Drawing courtesy of Access Board Drawing courtesy of Access Board

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AMEO: Upper Floors AMEO: Upper Floors

Areas of refuge required in non-sprinklered buildings

Drawing courtesy of Access Board Drawing courtesy of Access Board

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AMOE: Elevator with Standby Two-way communication Power . Required in buildings 5 stories or higher . Two way communication is required:

Elevator with . In non-sprinklered buildings in areas of refuge standby power . In all sprinklered buildings at the elevator

Drawing courtesy of Access Board

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MOE Performance Requirements MOE shall be maintained without obstructions or reductions in capacity that would hinder the ability of the occupants to egress safely.

Means of Egress Minimum Width and Required Capacity – Section 1005

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Sizing the MOE Components Sizing the MOE Components

Code will size egress Capacity and width are two different things two ways: . Minimum width for individual component, and . Overall minimum width/capacity based on occupant load (generally based on egress width The egress system capacity is limited on the per occupant served) smallest capacity of the elements along the path

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Sizing the MOE Components Required Capacity - Stairways

. Where MOE converge, the . Required capacity for stairways required capacity shall not . Occupant load served multiplied by 0.3” be less than the combined . For other than Group H and I-2, the minimum width is required capacity occupant load served multiplied by 0.2” IF . Applies to corridors, aisles, . Building is equipped with an emergency voice/alarm stairs, etc. communication system and . Building is equipped with a fire sprinkler system (NFPA 13 or . The capacity for stairways 13R) is based on the occupant load story

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Required Capacity – Application Example Other Than Stairways . Assuming exit serves 200 people . Required capacity of all other egress components . Non-sprinklered building . Occupant load served multiplied by 0.2” . Occupancy other than H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4, or I-2 . For other than Group H and I-2, the required capacity is occupant load served multiplied by 0.15” IF . Building is equipped with an emergency voice/alarm communication system and 200 (occupants) x 0.3 (stairs) = 60” exit width . Building is equipped with a fire sprinkler system (NFPA 13 or 200 (occupants) x 0.2 (other egress) = 40” exit width 13R)

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Egress Convergence – Application Example Exiting From Multiple Levels

44” min. based on IBC 1020.2 Interior Exit Stairway Stairs

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm

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Egress Convergence - Mezzanines Egress Convergence – Outdoor Areas Section 1004.7

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Distribution of width/capacity Distribution of width/capacity

. Multiple MOE shall be sized such that the loss of any one MOE will not reduce the available capacity or width to less than 50 percent of the required capacity or width. Still have 64” available

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. OK: The loss of any single exit will not result in less than half of required width or capacity remaining

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Distribution of width/capacity Distribution of width/capacity

Not permitted: Loss of a single exit OK: Although double doors give greater than half could result in less than half of required of available width or capacity, not less than half of width or capacity remaining. required width or capacity would still remain.

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Assembly Main Exits Section 1029.2

At least 50% combined

At least 50% Arrangement of Means of Egress Elements – Occupant Load: 460 Sections 1007, 1016 & 1017 Required Capacity: 460 x 0.2 = 92 inches

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MOE Performance Separation Requirements MOE shall provide an unobstructed path of travel Once the code requires more than one MOE, they from each safe place to not less than one exit. need to be adequately separated so that a single incident cannot block or eliminate more than one path.

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MOE Doorway Arrangement MOE Doorway Arrangement

>½ maximum diagonal

Maximum diagonal

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MOE Doorway Arrangement MOE through Intervening Spaces Section 1016.2 . Intervening rooms must be related to the area or room served . Intervening room cannot be Group H . Path of egress travel is clear and discernible to an exit . Intervening rooms cannot be locked to prevent egress

Office Secretary Reception

Common Path of Egress Travel becomes limiting factor

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MOE through Intervening Spaces MOE through Intervening Spaces

. In Group H, F or S, the intervening room must . Cannot travel through kitchens, storerooms, closets or the same or lesser hazard occupancy spaces used for similar purposes

Kitchen

Only allowed IF the kitchen is part of the dwelling unit or sleeping area

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MOE through Intervening Spaces MOE through Intervening Spaces

. Cannot pass through storage areas Good Bad . Exception: Group M with conditions

Only allowed in Group M if: • not locked • demarcation of egress path • maximum 50% of exits  Storage area or Full height or partial storeroom height wall or other construction

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Travel Distance Travel Distance

. The distances are Examples: occupancy based and look at expected hazards and vulnerabilities to set limits . Added protection (sprinklers) can often reduce the hazard and increase distance

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TABLE 1017.2 EXIT ACCESS TRAVEL DISTANCE Travel Distance Measurement . Measurement is to ‘’closest’ exit Without Sprinkler With Sprinkler System Occupancy System (feet) (feet) C A, E, F-1, M, R, S-1 200 250b Choice of 2 I-1 Not Permitted 250c directions of c travel B 200 300 B F-2, S-2, U 300 400c H-1 Not Permitted 75c H-2 Not Permitted 100c A H-3 Not Permitted 150c X H-4 Not Permitted 175c A = 40 feet Common path of travel = 70’ H-5 Not Permitted 200c B = 30 feet I-2,I-3, I-4 Not Permitted 200c C = 75 feet 145 feet Travel Distance = 145’

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Exit Access Travel Distance Dead Ends Section 1017 Section 1020.4

. Where more than MOE doorway is required, the exit access shall be arranged such that there are no dead ends in corridors >20’ in length

Measurement of exit access travel distance 20’ maximum continues for exit access with exceptions stairs and ramps

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Dead Ends Dead Ends Section 1020.4, Exceptions Section 1020.4, Exception 3 . Maximum of 50’ in Group I-3, Condition 2, 3 or 4 . When L <2.5 x W that portion of the corridor is not treated as a dead-end corridor . Maximum of 50’ in Groups B, E, F, I-1, M, R-1, R- 2, S and U occupancies IF sprinklered (NFPA 13 Width = 18’ only) 2.5 x 18 = 45’ Length = 38’

38’

18’

In this case, the length is <2.5 times the width. Dead-end corridor limitations do not apply.

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Dead ends

Examine the Maintenance Office at Column Lines B/6. Is there a noncomplying dead-end corridor?

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MOE Performance Doors Requirements Section 1010.1 MOE shall be maintained and operated to ensure . MOE doors must be really distinguishable from the that all egress facilities are readily openable and adjacent construction and finish available without special knowledge or effort.

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Size of Doors Doors – Section 1010.1.2 Section 1010.1.1 . Side swinging for manual doors . Exceptions for: . Self-storage/private garages Minimum width for required egress . Jails doors: . Intensive care/Critical care in hospitals 32” (813 mm) . Dwelling units . Power operated doors . Horizontal sliding/pocket doors Egress width at doors is measured as clear width

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Doorway Obstructions Door Swing - Section 1010.1.2 Section 1010.1.1.1 . Doors must swing in the direction of exit travel where the: . Serving an occupant load >50, or . High hazard occupancies . Some electrical rooms (Section 1010.1.10)

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Landings at Doors Section 1010.1.5 - Exceptions 1.1 and 1.2 Section 1010.1.6

Exception 1.1: Exception 1.2: Interior flight of stairs in R-2 In R-2 or R-3, screen doors or R-3 – door must not or storm doors can swing swing over the top step over stairs or landing

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Vestibules Door Hardware

. The intent of the 48” past the . Always allow for free swing of the door is to allow for egress someone using a wheelchair to be able to get past the swing of . One hand operation the first door so they only have . No tight pinching, grasping to deal with one door at time. . ICC A117.1 also asks for a or twisting of the wrist to turning space to avoid possible operate. entrapment if one door can be locked. . Automatic doors to not have to meet these requirements.

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Special locking systems Special types of doors Section 1010.1.9 Section 1010.1.4

. Security locking . Revolving doors . Controlled egress in Groups I- 1 & I-2 . Horizontal sliding or . Delayed egress folding doors . Sensor release of electrically . Security grills locked doors. . Correctional facilities . Power operated doors . Stairway doors . Fully automatic . Panic hardware . Low-energy automatic . Electromagnetic locks . School lock-down systems . Power assist

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Gates - Section 1010.2 Turnstiles – Section 1010.3

. Gates comply with same provisions as doors . High turnstiles cannot . Special allowances for gates as pool barriers count as MOE . Stadiums with dispersal area do not have to . Revolving low have panic hardware. turnstiles – 50% maximum MOE possible . Security turnstiles – 100% maximum MOE possible

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Doors

. In a conference room with 90 occupants and 2 exit access doors, can the doors swing in? . No – each of the two doors is serving > 50 . What is the nominal width of a door with a 32” clear width? . 3’-0” . Would two-24” manual doors without a center mullion comply for clear width? Corridors and . No – at least one panel has to be 32” clear Exit Passageways – . How about if the doors were automatic? . Yes – automatic makes the difference Sections 1003, 1020, 1021 & 1024

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MOE Performance Protection from Untenable Requirements Conditions: Exit Passageways . Each safe place shall Exit passageway is essentially a stair enclosure provide adequate laid flat. protection from untenable . Can extend central exit stairway to exterior, or conditions, an appropriate communication system, . Bring the “exit” to inside the building (e.g. malls) and adequate space for or the intended occupants. . Transition between vertical portions of stairways. . Once a level of protection . Protects using same provisions as exit stairway is achieved, it shall be . Fire-resistance, limited and protected openings, maintained. independent HVAC

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Protection from Untenable Table 1020.1 Conditions: Corridors CORRIDOR FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING Corridors, where provided, are exit access and considered a confined path of travel. . Are required to be fire partitions in non- sprinklered buildings where serving >30 occupants . Are required to be fire partitions in sprinklered H, I-1, I-3 and R . Where rated, must be continuous to at least one exit.

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Width and Capacity (of Corridors and Exit Corridors vs. Exit Passageways Passageways) Section 1020.2

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Table 1020.2 Encroachment Minimum Corridor Width Section 1005.7

Does not apply to dwelling units and sleeping units

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Encroachment Encroachment Section 1005.7 Section 1005.7

At least ½ of required If a door is on a closer, the width must be fully open is 90 degrees unobstructed

Does not apply to dwelling units and sleeping units Does not apply to dwelling units and sleeping units

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Corridor width/capacity. Corridor Continuity – What not to do Door size – Exit C = 63” Exit D = 63” Exit E = 54”

Per Table 1020.2, the minimum corridor with in Group E for corridors with ≥ 100 occupant load is 72”

(12 x 45) x .2 108 Corridor B = = = 54” 2 2 [(8 x 45) + (12 x 45)/2] x .2 Corridor A = = 126 = 63” Architects Guide: Means of Egress 2 2 Architects Guide: Means of Egress

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Corridor Continuity – Corridor Continuity – What you can do - What you do at elevators -

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Exit Passageways Continuity Protruding objects – Section 1003.3

. Circulation paths should not have obstructions to the path during emergencies. . The numbers are based on the detectable range of a person using a long cane.

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Egress balconies – Section 1021 . Separation between the rooms and the balcony . Openness . Fire separation distance Stairways and Ramps – Sections 1011, 1012, 1014, 1015, 1019, 1022, 1023 & 1027

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MOE Performance Requirements Stairways

MOE shall enable use by the occupants in the . Stair. A change in elevation, consisting of one or building with regard to human biomechanics and more risers. expectation of consistency. . Stairway. One or more flights of stairs, either exterior or interior, with the necessary landings and platforms connecting them, to form a continuous and uninterrupted passage from one level to another.

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Riser and tread dimension - 11 inches min. tread depth Stairways Riser height 4” to 7” Section 1011 1-1/4” max projection of nosings Handrails and Guards . All stairways that serve occupied portions of a Dimensional uniformity building must comply with the general requirements in Section 1011 . Interior exit stairways . Exterior exit stairways . Exit access stairways between stories or mezzanines . Required to serve as an MOE or . “Convenience” stairways . Steps between levels

Stairway width/capacity

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Dimensional Uniformity Stairway Landings

. Required at the top and bottom of stairway runs and at turning points.

Section 1011.6 – Doors opening onto a landing shall not obstruct the landing more than ½ the required width of the landing.

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Areas of Refuge – Stairways Vertical Rise Section 1009.6

Maintain minimum Signs, Instructions and . Maximum vertical rise of clear egress width two-way communication 12’ between floor levels or landings. . Minimum landing depth in a straight run is stairway 30” x 48” Wheelchair space width or 48” whichever is Provide less. Signs . Minimum landing width at a change in direction is stairway width.

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Curved Stairways Spiral Stairways

. Spiral stairways can be used as a part of the means of egress if: . Located within a dwelling unit . Used for egress from a space <250 square feet with <5 occupants . Used for egress from technical production areas

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Handrails & Guards – Intermediate Handrails

. Handrails required on both sides . Exceptions: . Within residential units . Spiral stairways . Guards area required at > 30” drop off

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Handrail Extension Ramps

. At the top is 12” minimum . RAMP. A walking surface that has a running horizontal. slope steeper than one unit vertical in 20 units . At the bottom is 1 tread depth minimum and horizontal (5-percent slope). sloped. . Something with a lesser slope is a sloped walk. . The 2010 ADA has removed the requirement for the additional 12” horizontal extension at the bottom. . The extension must be in the direction of the stairway run . Must be configured to not be protruding objects

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Can be part of an accessible route. Ramps - slope

Handrails and Guards

36” min. between handrails

Ramp width/capacity

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Landing Edge protection

. Required top and bottom of each ramp run . Maximum vertical rise of 30” between floor levels or landings. . Minimum landing depth in a straight run is 60” long. . Where ramps turn, 60” or ramp width, whichever is greater.

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Protection from Untenable Handrails and Guards Conditions: Exit stairways or ramps

Exit stairways bring the Provide protection by: “safe place” to upper . Fire-resistance rating levels of a building . Limiting openings and penetrations . Requiring independent mechanical systems . Require continuity to exterior (direct or through exit passageway)

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Enclosure for Interior Exit Stairways Enclosure for Interior Exit Stairways

. All interior exit stairways shall be enclosed

Enclosure construction: >4 stories = 2-HR fire-resistance <4 stories = 1-HR fire-resistance

Openings and penetrations: Exit doors Equipment and ductwork necessary for ventilation Sprinkler and standpipe piping Electrical raceway for FD communication NOTE: this applies to “interior Electrical raceway serving the stairway or ramp exit stairways”, not “interior exit access stairways”

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Interior Exit Stairway and Ramp Exterior Walls- Discharge Identification

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Interior Exit Access Stairways and Ramps Interior Exit Access Stairways and Ramps

. Section 1019 - Where permitted between stories– required or convenience . Section 1006.3 – where part of a required MOE/access to exits, the exit access stairway cannot count for more than one floor . Exceptions for more than one floor: . Open parking garage . Outdoor assembly seating . Within Group R-3 and R-4 occupancies . 2018 – more exceptions added, but not all exit access stairways

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Interior Exit Access Stairways and Ramps Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps- Section 1027

. Maximum 6 stories in height . Not allowed in Group I-2 . Openness requirements . Protection from fire on the inside . Fire separation distance

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Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps

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Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps- Open-ended Corridors Protection

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Stairway

. Is this an exit stairway or an exit access stairway? . Exit access . Convenience or required? . Probably convenience

Egress Lighting and Exit Signs – Sections 1008, 1013 & 1025

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MOE Performance Egress Lighting and Exit Signs Requirements MOE shall be clearly identified and provided with . MOE Illumination – Section 1008 adequate illumination. . General lighting – Section 1008.2 . Emergency lighting – Section 1008.3 . Exit Signs – Section 1013 . Area of refuge/Exterior area for assisted rescue – 1009.9 . Floor Level Exit Signs in Group R-1 – Section 1013.2 . Raised Character and Braille Exit Signs – Section 1013.4 . Illumination of Exit Signs – Sections 1013.5 and 1013.6 . Power Source – Section 1013.6.3 . Luminous Egress Path Marking – Section 1025

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Egress lighting - Emergency Power for Illumination . Illumination under normal power . In the event of power failure – automatic . Minimum of 1 illumination footcandle (twilight lighting) for the entire . Main routes where MOE when the two or more MOE building is occupied. required.

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Exit Signs Exit signs

Exit signs required in an exit passageway. . Required for rooms or floors with 2 or more MOE

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Floor Level Exit Signs in Group R-1 Illumination of Exit Signs

. Exit signs shall be lighted at all times . Lighting by one of the following methods: . Internally illuminated (IBC Section 1013.5) . Externally illuminated (IBC Section 1013.6) . Of an approved self-luminous type . Tactile signs do not require illumination.

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Power Source Raised Character and Braille Exit Signs

. Illumination required for a minimum of 90 . Tactile signs consist of: . Visible characters minutes after power loss . Raised characters . Braille . Required at: . Area of refuge . Exterior area for assisted rescue . Exit stairway . Exit ramp . Exit passageway . Exit discharge . Wheelchair symbol required at: . Areas of refuge . Exterior areas of assisted rescue

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Luminous Egress Path Marking Exit signs

. High-rise Group A, B, E, I, M and R-1 Where are exit signs required in the Conference . Egress path markings in interior exit stairways and exit Room? passageways . Markings on: Clerical Office? . Stair treads . Landings Building? . Handrails . Door Frames . Listing: . UL 1994 . ASTM E 2072 with specific conditions

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Protection from Untenable Conditions – Horizontal Exits and Smoke Barriers Provide protection by: Horizontal exits create . Creating refuge areas – which allow occupants a “safe place” by to wait in protected compartmenting the area floor. . Horizontal exits are optional; . Smoke barriers are required in some occupancies Horizontal Exits– . Fire-resistance ratings . Regulating openings Section 1026 and penetrations

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Smoke compartments – Horizontal Exits Section 407, 408, 420, 422 Horizontal exit cannot . Defend-in-place be the only exit . I-1, Condition 2 . I-2 . I-3 . Ambulatory care with >=4 occupants Smoke Compartment Refuge incapable of self- Area preservation Maximum of ½ or required exits or required exit width

Smoke Compartment—Independent Egress

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Horizontal Exit Separation Separation

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Meeting Travel Distance Limits Refuge Area with Horizontal Exits

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Meeting Travel Distance Limits with Horizontal Exits Horizontal exits . Is the occupant counts correct for capacity? * . Yes – a horizontal exit is not cumulative

Horizontal exit

<200’ (okay) 150 <200’ (okay) 150 *

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Exit Discharge

Exit Discharge – Section 1028

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Exit Discharge Exit Discharge

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Access to a Public Way AMOE: Exit Discharge Accessible route to a public way

50’ Building minimum Safe Dispersal Area

>5 ft2 per occupant Security Fence

Drawing courtesy of Access Board Public Way

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AMOE: Accessible Exit AMOE: Exit Discharge Discharge Interior Area of Refuge . If exit discharge is not accessible: . Steps . Steep site . Snow . Interior area of refuge, or . Exterior area of rescue assistance. . No exceptions for sprinklered buildings.

Drawing courtesy of Access Board

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AMOE: Exit Discharge AMOE: Exterior Area for Assisted Rescue Exterior Area for Assisted Rescue

Drawing courtesy of Access Board Drawing courtesy of Access Board

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AMOE: Exterior Area for Assisted Rescue

1 hour min. fire- rated separation

Emergency Escape and Drawing courtesy of Access Board Rescue Openings – Provisions for alternative protection from opening on one side Section 1030

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Emergency Escape and Rescue Openings Emergency Escape and Rescue Openings

. Required in Bedrooms and basements . Group R-3 and R-4 . Single exit buildings . Grade floor window is where the sill is within 44” of outside grade.

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Aisles and Assembly Seating – Sections 1018 & 1029

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ICC 300 reference Aisles – Section 1018 . If your assembly seating includes . Aisles in occupancies other than assembly are bleachers, use ICC 300 for the addressed in Section 1018 bleacher system, but IBC for . Requirements are similar to corridors for widths. everything else.

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Assembly Assembly Section 1029 Section 1029 . Criteria for aisles and aisle accessways . Without smoke

Occupant load – count protection the seats . Smoke-protection (mechanical) . Smoke-protected requires a (outdoor) sprinkler system

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Assembly Travel Distance Section 1029 . Stepped aisles . Allowed travel distance for assembly spaces . Stairways without smoke protection are consistent with . Transitions other occupancies . Smoke protection or outdoor seating are permitted greater travel distances

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Common Path of Egress Travel Assembly Seating

. Maximum of 30’ from any seat . Seating at tables is also addressed. to a point where an occupant has a choice of two paths of egress travel . When <50 occupants, the common path of egress travel <75’ . For smoke-protected assembly seating, the common path of egress travel <50’ . Used for rows of seats that end at a wall, box seats of wheelchair spaces.

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Assembly seating Your comments?

. When determining the . What in this section might you occupant load do you be able to use in your own count the wheelchair work? spaces as seats? . What could you best share with . Yes others in as part of a . When determining the collaborative effort? occupant load, what occupant load do you assign to the aisles? . None

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International Code Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA This presentation is protected by US and International members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of request. the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of © International Code Council 2018 construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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Thank you for participating!

To schedule a seminar, contact: The Learning Center™ 1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233) Ext. 33821 or E-mail: [email protected]

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Course Description

. The process for correctly evaluating a building Architects Guide: for code compliance for accessibility. Accessibility

Based on the 2015 International Building Code® (IBC®)

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Goal Objectives . Participants will receive an overview of the . Distinguish between: fundamental requirements for elements in a . Federal laws. building are needed for accessibility as indicated . Accessibility code requirements. in the 2018 International Building Code® (IBC®). . Identify the fundamental accessibility design issues and performance requirements. . Understand the different application of scoping and technical requirements.

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Margin Designation in Codes Presentation organization

* A double asterisk indicates that the text or table . Example immediately following has been relocated from ** elsewhere in the code. . Quick questions on what we learned

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Purpose

. Physical impairments Accessibility Overview – Chapter 11

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Accessibility performance What are we talking about? requirements Everything must be accessible, and then allow for a degree of inaccessibility that is logical and disabilityability reasonable.

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Accessibility performance Accessibility performance requirements requirements . Existing buildings are improved as In existing buildings when you alter: you alter, with the idea that they will . You may need to make additional become as accessible over time as improvements to the accessible route, technically feasible. bathrooms and drinking fountains that . Whatever you touch, you fix. serve the area being altered. . For limitations/allowances see IEBC.

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Requirements Mainstreaming

. Scoping . Technical Requirements: Requirements: . “What, Where . “How” and How Many” . (ICC/ANSI A117.1- . (2018 IBC and 2009) IEBC®)

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103 Compliance alternatives ICC Goals

. Nothing in this standard is intended to prevent the use of . Coordinate the building code requirements with designs, products, or technologies as alternatives to the those prescribed by this standard, provided they result in equivalent or greater accessibility and such equivalency is approved by the administrative authority adopting this standard.

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American’s with Disabilities Act (ADA) - 1990 ADA & ABA Standards §207 . Require compliance with the International . Scoping and technical requirements found in: Building Code (IBC) for accessible means of . Originally in 1991 - egress . American’s with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). . Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS). . Currently – OR . 2010 ADA Standard for Accessible Design . Previously called the 2004 ADA/ABA Accessibility Guidelines

IBC 2003 IBC 2000 with Section 1007 2001 Supplement Section 1003.2.13

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Fair Housing Act

. Covers all housing built for first occupancy after March 13, 1991.

. Scoping and technical requirements found in the Fair Housing Accessibilities Guidelines (FHAG).

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“Safe Harbor” means… Role of the Code Official

. that requirements in the document have been reviewed by HUD and meet or exceed the building construction requirements in the FHA. . 2021 IBC and 2017 ICC A117.1 will be review by HUD.

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Enforcement of Federal Requirements

Inspection and Review Mediation Complaints General Exceptions – Section 1103 Through the courts

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Accessibility performance requirements Collective Reference

Section 1103.1

Everything must be accessible, and then allow for a degree of inaccessibility that is logical and reasonable.

Section 1103.2

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Areas in Places Employee Work Area of Religious Worship . Approach, enter and . Small areas used for exit only religious ceremonies are . Elements for now exempt from the employees and only for work not required to be access requirements. accessible . < 300 sq.ft. in area and Exceptions: elevated or lowered >=7 . Work station < 300 inches sq.ft. in area and required to be elevated >=7 inches

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Utility Structure Architects Guide: DetachedAccessibility Dwellings 29 Architects Guide: Accessibility 30

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Construction Sites Raised Area

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Limited Access Space Equipment Spaces

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Walk-in Coolers and Freezers Highway tollbooths

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Day Care Facility in a Single Family Home

Residential R-1

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Detention and Live/Work Correctional Facilities Units

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Dimensions of Adult-Sized Wheelchair

Basis for Technical Requirements

For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm.

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Wheelchair Turning Space Unobstructed Reach Limit

For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm. For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm.

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Cane Ranges Children Requirements and Techniques

Unobstructed Children’s Reach Ranges Forward or Ages Ages Ages Side Reach 3 and 4 5 through 8 9 through 12 High (maximum) 36 in. 40 in. 44 in. Low (minimum) 20 in. 15 in. 16 in.

For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm.

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2017 ICC A117.1 2017 ICC A117.1

. Many revisions based Revisions include items such as on a study sponsored by . 30”x52” clear floor space the Access Board on . 67” turning circle Anthropometry of Wheeled Mobility . 8” chamfered corners on turns for 36” wide aisles and corridors . http://www.udeworld.co m/anthropometrics.html . Changes to turning spaces allowances to use knee and toe clearances . Will not be referenced in the 2018 I-Codes . Will be referenced in the 2021 I-codes

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Building Blocks

. Rather than repeat requirements reference back to the building blocks for repeated requirements . Example: Knee and toe clearances under lavatories, work surfaces, dining surfaces, drinking fountains

Building Blocks– A117.1 Chapter 3

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Building Blocks

. Clear floor space . Turning space . Alcoves . Knee and toe clearance . Reach ranges . Protruding objects Exterior Accessible Routes and Parking – Sections 1104, 1105 & 1106

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Accessibility performance Public Arrival Points requirements A person with mobility impairments . Accessible routes start at public arrival should be able to arrive at the site, points such as: enter the building, and move . Accessible parking spaces throughout the building and site . Bus drop offs independently. . Public transportation stops . Where a building sidewalk connects to the public sidewalk

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Entrance/Exit Accessible Entrances Requirements (1009 & 1106) . Accessible routes . Requirements for both entry and egress must be connection public arrival addressed and the most restrictive applied. points to accessible entrances . 60% of entrances required to be accessible . Restricted (special use) entrance must be accessible entrances . Don’t count service entrances and exit only doors

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Accessible Entry vs. Other elements on the site Accessible Exit

TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE REQUIRED # . Accessible routes are required to all facilities offered on the site. Consists of: Accessible •Exterior accessible route. 60% of the Elevator Entry •Accessible entrances. entrances •Interior accessible route.

Consists of: 1 AMOE with •Exit access via interior 1 MOE Accessible accessible route. Exit Exit Stairway •Area of refuge/Exit. 2 AMOE with •Exit discharge. 2+ MOE

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Accessible Parking Spaces Dispersion by Type

. Based on number of parking spaces provided. . Parking lots . Number of parking spaces required per zoning . Parking garages ordinances. . Carports . Accessible spaces required: . Private garages . Table 1106.1 for general parking. . Pay/free . 2% for Group R-2 and R-3. . Employee/visitor . 10% at hospitals facilities. only . 20% at mobility treatment centers. . 1 of 6 accessible spaces sized for a van

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Dimensions of Parking Spaces Parking Spaces in Parking Lot . Size . Accessible . Van accessible . Marking or access aisles . Surface . Vertical clearance . Signage . Access to the accessible route

For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm.

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Passenger Loading Zones Cut-in Curb Ramps

. At least the length of the vehicles at the drop off . Access aisle where someone will not drive over . Minimum height for vans

with raised roofs X = 36” minimum in new construction On existing sites, if landing is <36” then slope of flared sides shall not exceed 1:12.

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Built-Up Curb Ramps Detectable Warnings at Curb Ramps . Detectable warnings are not 36” minimum required on curb ramps by IBC or A117.1 . If a designer chooses to provide detectable warnings, then technical provisions are provided for area covered, location, pattern and contrast. On existing sites, if landing is <36” then slope of flared sides shall not exceed 1:12.

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Protruding Objects Along A Walking Surface

Interior Accessible Route Elements - Sections 1104 & 1109

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Protruding object Overhead Protruding Objects

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Overhead protruding object Doors – Section 1010

Door Size 1010.1.1

Doors in a Series 1010.1.8

Door Swing 1010.1.2

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Hardware Door Surface

. Examples of ‘no tight . The bottom 10” must pinching, tight grasping be clear of or twisting of the wrist.’ obstructions . Hardware height is between 34” and 48” . 5 lbs. force it to open the door after the latch has been disengaged.

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Maneuvering Clearances Maneuvering Clearances

Front Front Approach, Approach, Pull Side Push Side

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Vestibules Maneuvering Clearance . Where doors at a vestibule are not in a . Required at power straight line of travel, they assist doors still have to meet the vestibule requirements. . Not required a low- . A wheelchair space power automatic should be provided past doors and fully the swing of the first door. . A turning space must be automatic doors available in the vestibule in case the 2nd door is locked or too difficult to open.

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Ramps – Section 1012 Edge Protection, Handrails & Guards

Handrails and Guards

>30” drop off No drop off 36” min. between handrails

Ramp width/capacity Curb or rail edge protection with <= 30” drop off

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Ramp Allowances Ramp Allowances

. Curved ramps are permitted . Ramps can have if they meet cross slope. grilled surfaces in . Where the ramp slope cold or wet areas. matches the sloped floor, . Where the ramp edge protection may be moves up with the provided by a wider surface. grade, edge . In assembly seating, protection may be accessible ramps are only provided by a wider required for entry and exit surface from accessible wheelchair spaces.

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Where are elevators required? Elevators – – Section 1104.4 . Accessible routes must connect stories and mezzanines. . ASME A17.1. . Exceptions: . ICC A117.1. . Aggregate area of stories or mezzanines <= 3000 square . Permitted to serve as part of the feet except in: accessible route anywhere. . Health care providers. . Multi-tenant mercantile. . 5 story buildings or higher, . Transportation facilities. standby power for accessible . Government buildings. MOE. . Items specifically addressed in 1107 and 1108. . Air traffic control towers. . 4 stories or higher, one sized for . 2nd floors or mezzanines that are non-public areas with < = a stretcher. 5 occupants. . Press boxes (Section 1104.3.2)

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LULAs Private Residence Elevator Limited Use/Limited Application Elevators . ASME A17.1. . Considered a type of . ICC A117.1. passenger elevator . Application limited . ASME A17.1. (ASME): . ICC A117.1. . Limited capacity. . Application limited (ASME): . Serve or within an . Limited capacity. individual dwelling unit. . 25’ max. travel. . Slow speed. . Slow speed.

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Platform Lifts Vertical access

. ASME A18.1. . Can this chair lift serve as part of an accessible . ICC A117.1. route? . Permitted anywhere in . No – a chair lift cannot accommodate a wheelchair existing buildings (IBC). . Limited application in new construction (IBC). . Standby power when used as part of an accessible means of egress (IBC). . Inclined or vertical options. . Maximum 14’ rise on vertical lifts (ASME).

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Accessibility performance requirements A person with a hearing, vision or mobility impairment should have equal access to facilities and services.

Special Occupancies Requirements – Section 1108

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Areas covered – Section 1108 Assembly Seating – Fixed . Assembly seating . Fixed . Dining . Lawn . Assisted Listening systems . Performance areas . Self-service storage . Judicial facilities . Jails . Courthouses

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Assembly Seating – Fixed Number of Spaces

. Fixed seats provided. . Table 1108.2.2.1. . Luxury boxes, club boxes or suites. . Each box based on Table 1108.2.2.1. . Other box seats. . 20% of total box seats based on Table 1108.2.2.1. . Lawn seating.

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Dispersion Dispersion - IBC

. Number of wheelchairs spaces . Access to services. (IBC Table 1108.2.2.1) . Integration. . Number of wheelchair space locations (ICC A117.1 Table 802.10) . Different levels. . Exceptions: . Balconies in religious facilities with <25% of the total seats. “Wheelchair space locations” . Balconies in assembly with both <300 seats and include the companion seat <25% of the total seats. and can include multiple wheelchair spaces.

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Dispersion – A117.1 Wheelchair Space

. Line of Sight – standing or seated spectators . Adjacent companion seat. . Horizontal (side-to-side) . Size dependent on approach and if 1 or 2 . Vertical (front-to back) wheelchair spaces. . Type (seating type or services) . 1:48 maximum slope. . Provided on accessible route.

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Wheelchair Space – Size and Wheelchair Space – Size and Access Access

AISLE ACCESSWAYS

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Designated Aisle Seats Line of Sight

. 5% of all aisle seats. . Looking over the heads of seated spectators . Best design practice: . Located along accessible route. . Folding or retractable armrests when adjacent seating has armrests.

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Line of Sight Line of Sight

. Looking between the heads of seated . Looking over the heads of standing spectators spectators

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Motion Picture Theaters Dining Areas

. Where tiered seating (stadium . All dining areas style) is provided, the accessible throughout. wheelchairs spaces must be . Exceptions: . Mezzanines with <25% of integrated, but they can be in the total seating. the cross aisle as the first tier. . Sports facilities with tiered dining, at least 25% of the . The wheelchair spaces need to seating area must be be in the rear 60% of the theater accessible. seating rows. . 5% of the seating and standing spaces must be . Remember that two accessible accessible. means of egress are required . Distributed throughout the from the theater (IBC). facility.

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Dining surface Dining surface . Dining and drinking . Cutting down the bar surfaces – both can be inclusive or standing and sitting exclusive . Disperse throughout (IBC), not by type

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Dining surface Courtrooms

. Exception for knee and toe . Gallery seating is clearances at drink rails considered same as and side tables general assembly seating. . Jury box . Witness stand . Lawyer/client tables

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Courtrooms Holding or housing cells

. Employee areas, such as judge, . Holding cells bailiff and clerk, are not . Housing cells, required to have vertical access provided it is planned for. including associated . Raised areas must have a bathrooms turning space and knee and toe . Visitors windows clearances under the work surface.

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Assembly seating Assembly seating

. What is the dispersion criteria? Is part of the bar required to cut down to provide . Not specifically addressed – since viewing an event, dining for persons in wheelchairs? fixed assembly seating is logical Not where accessible seating is dispersed in the same area.

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Areas covered – Section 1109

. Toilet and bathing . Service Facilities facilities . Storage . Sinks . Detectable warnings . Kitchens . Work counters . Drinking fountains . Controls Building Features and . Sauna and steam . Fuel-dispensing rooms . Gameing Facilities – . Elevators Section 1109 . Platform lifts

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Toilet and Bathing facilities Toilet and Bathing facilities Exceptions . Required fixtures per IPC. . Accessed through a private office. . Designers choice for how required fixtures are . Non-accessible dwelling or sleeping units. separated: . 50% of clustered single occupant bathrooms. . Multi-stall bathrooms . When only one urinal is provided in a bathroom, . Single occupant bathrooms that urinal is not required to be accessible. . All bathrooms must be accessible per Chapter 6 . Critical care or Intensive care. of ICC A117.1. . Allowance to design for children

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Family Use/Assisted Use Toilet and Bathing facilities Accessible Toilet Rooms

. One of each type of fixture provided in each . Mercantile or assembly facilities; and bathroom: . 6 or more required water closets; . Water closets . 1 unisex toilet room required; . Lavatories . Not an exception for accessible fixtures in the . Urinals men’s and women’s toilet rooms. . Bathtubs/Showers . When 6 or more water closets and/or urinals are provided in a room, an ambulatory stall is required.

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Family Use /Assisted Use Single Occupant Toilet Rooms Accessible Bathing Rooms

. Recreational facilities where bathing rooms are . 60” turning space required in the room . A door can swing over the space where someone sits to use the provided. lavatory, toilet or urinal provided a 30” x 48” space is provided past . One family use bathing room is required. the swing of the door . A fixture cannot overlap the clear floor space of another fixture . Exception: . If only one shower is provided in men’s and women’s bathing room.

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Examples Water Closet: Side View

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Wheelchair Accessible Toilet Multi-stall Toilet Rooms Stall: Door Swings Out . The stall and door arrangement will not change for the minimum size stall, however, the table does address door location options for larger size stalls.

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Multi-stall Toilet Rooms Ambulatory Accessible Stall

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Dispensers Urinals

. Intended to allow for . Rim height different options . Clear floor space . Alcove . Flush controls

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Sinks/Lavatories– Sinks/Lavatories Exceptions . Lavatories are for bathing purposes. . Non-accessible: . Sinks are typically a work sink. . Part of individual work stations . 5% constructed with front approach. . Mop or service sinks . When 6 or more lavatories are provided in a . Limited accessibility: room, a lavatory with an enhances reach range . Sinks for children’s use faucet is required. . Kitchenettes permitted to have side approach

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Lavatories & Sinks Drinking fountains –

. Height . High-low drinking . Clearance fountains . Clear floor space . Exception for drinking . Pipe protection fountains for children . Controls . Bottled water or bottle fillers are do not count as either a high or low drinking fountain for accessibility

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Drinking Fountains (Technical) Sinks

. Clear floor space/approach Are these sinks required to be accessible? . Protruding objects No – these are all employee sinks for work. . Operable parts . Spout location . Water flow . Sizes for children

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Check-out Counters Sales and Service Counters–

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Accessibility performance requirements . Transient and permanent housing should have units that can accommodate persons with mobility impairment's. . Numbers are based on anticipated need for each type. . Permanent housing should allow for aging in Dwelling Units and Sleeping place, temporary impairments, and visiting. Units – Section 1107

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Key Terms Key Terms

. Dwelling unit: . Dwelling or sleeping units, multistory. . Independent living facilities including provisions for . Living space on more than one level. living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation. . Intended to be occupied as a residence. . Sleeping unit: . Dwelling units; or . Rooms where people sleep which may include living . Sleeping units; and and eating and either cooking or sanitation. . Occupant’s place of abode.

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Counting units Level of Accessibility

. Accessible units: . Constructed wheelchair accessible. . ICC A117.1 Section 1002. . Type A units: . Constructed wheelchair adaptable. . ICC A117.1 Section 1003. . Type B units: . Matches Fair Housing Accessibility Guidelines. . Geared towards mobility impaired persons . ICC A117.1 Section 1004.

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Group I-1

. Condition 1 - 4% Accessible units. . Condition 2 -10% Accessible units . Remainder Type B units if intended to be occupied as a Institutional – residence. Section 1107.5

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Group I-2– Hospitals Group I-2 – Nursing Homes

. 10% Accessible unit: . 50% Accessible unit. . General purpose hospital . Remainder Type B . Psychiatric facilities units if intended to be . Detoxification facilities occupied as a . Remainder Type B residence. units if intended to be occupied as a residence.

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Group I-2 – Assisted toileting and bathing Rehabilitation Facilities . 100% Accessible unit. . Added in 2021 IBC . For places where people live who are likely to not be coordinated or strong enough for independent toileting or bathing

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Assisted toileting and bathing Group I-3

. 3% Accessible units.

. At least one of each special holding or housing cells.

. 10% of cells in medical care facilities.

. Exception for common areas serving only non- accessible cells. (IBC 1103.2.13).

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Group R-1

. Number of Accessible unit based on Table 1107.6.1.1. . New way to add up units on the site. . Remainder Type B units if intended to be occupied as a residence. Residential- Section 1107.6

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Group R-2 Group R-2

Live/work units Boarding Houses . All dwellings are Type Dormitories B units Fraternity and Sorority . The work areas must Houses be accessible. . Number of Accessible unit based on Table 1107.6.1.1. . Remainder Type B units.

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Group R-2 - Group R-3

Apartments and Condominiums . All Type B units. Convents and Monasteries . 2% Type A units. . add up units on the site . >20 units in the facility. . Remainder Type B units.

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Group R-4

. Condition 1 – One Accessible unit. . Condition 2 – Two Accessible units

. Remainder Type B units Dwelling and Sleeping Unit Exceptions – Section 1107.7

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Exceptions – Exceptions – Accessible Units Type A and B Units . No exceptions. . No exception for elevator buildings.

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Exceptions – Lowest Level (IBC 1107.1) Type A and B Units . Type A - <= 20 units in the site . Type B - structures with less than 4 units. . Non-elevator buildings. . Multi-story units. . Steep and hilly sites. . Sites subject to flood regulations.

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Lowest Level (IBC 1107.1) Lowest Level (IBC 1107.1)

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Lowest Level (IBC 1107.1) Multi-story Units (IBC 1107.7.2)

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Multi-story Units (IBC 1107.7.2) At Least One Story (IBC 1107.7.3)

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Steep or Flood Plain (IBC 1107.7.5) Hilly Site (IBC 1107.7.4)

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Technical Criteria Type C/Visitable units

100*.1 Type of unit; . 100*.8 Platform lifts; . New to 2009 ICC 100*.2 Primary entrance; . 100*.9 Operable parts; A117.1, Section 1005 100*.3 Accessible route; . 100*.10 Laundry . No scoping in the IBC 100*.4 Walking surfaces; equipment; or IRC . 100*.11 Bathing rooms; 100*.5 Doors and doorways; . Intended for adoption . 100*.12 Kitchens; 100*.6 Ramps; by jurisdictions . 100*.13 Windows; and 100*.7 Elevators; through visitability . 100*.14 Storage ordinances facilities.

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Accessible communication Type C/Visitable units features Main features – . Visible alarms in some . One zero step entrance – which can Group I-1 and R-1 rooms. be the front door, the back door or through the garage . R-2 - Smoke detectors . A circulation path through the hooked up to building accessible level evacuation alarms . Allowance for sloped sidewalks that move up with grade . Building and unit entry . A toilet room with minimal clearances notification . Minimal clearances in kitchens on the accessible level . Electrical outlets and switches within reach range

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Accessibility performance requirements . The recreation requirements are not intended to change the nature of the game. . Players should be able to get to the field, and then participate to the best Recreational Facilities – of their ability. Section 1110

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Site Access Supporting Services

An accessible route . Viewer seating is required to all . Concession stands recreational facilities . Locker rooms on a site. . Ticket windows . Toilet rooms

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Areas of Sports Activity Scoping & Technical

. Defined term – “That portion of a room or An accessible route to all areas of sports activity. space where the play or practice of a sport Special requirements/allowances for: occurs.” . Amusement rides . Recreational boating and fishing piers . Exercise machines and equipment . Miniature golf facilities . Playgrounds . Swimming pools, wading pools, hot tubs and spas . Shooting facilities

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Scoping Scoping

Exceptions: Special requirements: • 95% of bowling lanes • Team or player seating • Raised boxing or wrestling rings • Court sports • Raised areas for refereeing, judging or scoring • Animal containment areas not in public use areas

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Amusement Rides Amusement Rides

. Access required for Exceptions: rides with a fixed . Mobile rides course within a defined . Controlled by rider area. . Primarily for children an . Accessible route to the assisted by adults ride. . No ride seats . A transfer space next to a ride or a wheelchair space on the ride.

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Recreational Boating and Exercise Equipment Fishing . Access to docks . Space for transfer or to . Access to a use at least one of each percentage of the slips type of machine . Allowances for . Not intended to change changes in water level machines – no . Coordination with requirements for barriers and guards transfer or operable parts

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Miniature Golf Play areas

. Access to at least 50% of . Accessible route to play holes areas . Route on or adjacent to . Percentage of ground level the holes components . One break permitted in . Percentage of raised the sequence if you play components on a route via the last hole. ramp or transfer steps . Access to soft contained play structures

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Pools Shooting Facilities . Access to pools based on types and size . A turning space at one . Options for type of entry station in each type of . Exceptions: shooting facility . Diving boards . Slides . Catchment pools . Entry into the water for pools serving Group R-2 and R-3 with Type A and Type B dwelling units . 5% of hot tubs

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Recreation Facilities

Are these areas of sports activity? Yes

Signage– Section 1111

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Accessibility performance Signs requirements . Accessible features should be identified . Where the symbol for where not all facilities are accessible. accessibility is required . Directional signs . Signage used for wayfinding should also . Special accessibility be available to persons with vision provisions impairments . Variable message signage

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Signs Variable message signage

. Visual characters . High resolution signage . Raised characters meets the same . Braille requirements as Visual signs . Pictograms . Low resolution signage . Symbols of accessibility specific requirements

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Technical Assistance Your comments?

. ICC and A117.1 – ICC, (888)422-7233; . What in this section might you www.iccsafe.org. be able to use in your own . ADA – Access Board, 800-872-2253(v), 800- work? 993-2822(TTY), www.access-board.gov or email . What could you best share with at [email protected] others in as part of a . ADA – ADA Technical Assistance Centers collaborative effort? (DBTAC) (800)949-4232; www.adata.org . Fair Housing – Fair Housing Accessibility First, (888)341-7781; www.fairhousingfirst.org.

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Thank you for participating!

To schedule a seminar, contact: The Learning Center™ 1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233) Ext. 33821 or E-mail: [email protected]

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