Assessing Pseudogene Expression During Neural Differentiation by RNA-Seq
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Expert Curation of the Human and Mouse Olfactory Receptor Gene Repertoires Identifies Conserved Coding Regions Split Across Two Exons
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/774612; this version posted October 30, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Expert Curation of the Human and Mouse Olfactory Receptor Gene Repertoires Identifies Conserved Coding Regions Split Across Two Exons 5 If H. A. Barnes1†#, Ximena Ibarra-Soria2,3†#, Stephen Fitzgerald3, Jose M. Gonzalez1, Claire Davidson1, Matthew P. Hardy1, Deepa Manthravadi4, Laura Van Gerven5, Mark Jorissen5, Zhen Zeng6, Mona Khan6, Peter Mombaerts6, Jennifer Harrow7, Darren W. Logan3,8,9 and Adam Frankish1#. 10 1. European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK. 2. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK. 3. Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK. 15 4. Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA. 5. Department of ENT-HNS, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. 6. Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany. 7. ELIXIR, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK. 8. Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. 20 9. Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK. † These authors contributed equally to this work. # To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]. -
Repetitive Elements in Humans
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Repetitive Elements in Humans Thomas Liehr Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; [email protected] Abstract: Repetitive DNA in humans is still widely considered to be meaningless, and variations within this part of the genome are generally considered to be harmless to the carrier. In contrast, for euchromatic variation, one becomes more careful in classifying inter-individual differences as meaningless and rather tends to see them as possible influencers of the so-called ‘genetic background’, being able to at least potentially influence disease susceptibilities. Here, the known ‘bad boys’ among repetitive DNAs are reviewed. Variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs = micro- and minisatellites), small-scale repetitive elements (SSREs) and even chromosomal heteromorphisms (CHs) may therefore have direct or indirect influences on human diseases and susceptibilities. Summarizing this specific aspect here for the first time should contribute to stimulating more research on human repetitive DNA. It should also become clear that these kinds of studies must be done at all available levels of resolution, i.e., from the base pair to chromosomal level and, importantly, the epigenetic level, as well. Keywords: variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs); microsatellites; minisatellites; small-scale repetitive elements (SSREs); chromosomal heteromorphisms (CHs); higher-order repeat (HOR); retroviral DNA 1. Introduction Citation: Liehr, T. Repetitive In humans, like in other higher species, the genome of one individual never looks 100% Elements in Humans. Int. J. Mol. Sci. alike to another one [1], even among those of the same gender or between monozygotic 2021, 22, 2072. -
Feeling the Force: Role of Amotl2 in Normal Development and Cancer
Department of Oncology and Pathology Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden FEELING THE FORCE: ROLE OF AMOTL2 IN NORMAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER Aravindh Subramani Stockholm 2019 All previously published papers were reproduced with permission from the publisher. Front cover was modified from ©Renaud Chabrier and illustrated by Yu-Hsuan Hsu Published by Karolinska Institute. Printed by: US-AB Stockholm © Aravindh Subramani, 2019 ISBN 978-91-7831-426-3 Feeling the force: Role of AmotL2 in normal development and cancer. THESIS FOR DOCTORAL DEGREE (Ph.D.) J3:04, Torsten N Wiesel, U410033310, Bioclinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm Friday, April 12th, 2019 at 13:00 By Aravindh Subramani Principal Supervisor: Opponent: Professor. Lars Holmgren Professor. Marius Sudol Karolinska Institute National University of Singapore Department of Oncology-Pathology Mechanobiology Institute (MBI) Co-supervisor(s): Examination Board: Docent. Jonas Fuxe Docent. Kaisa Lehti Karolinska Institute Karolinska institute Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Department of Microbiology and Tumor Biology Biology (MTC) center (MTC) Associate Professor. Johan Hartman Docent. Ingvar Ferby Karolinska Institute Uppsala University Department of Oncology-Pathology Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology Docent. Mimmi Shoshan Karolinska Institute Department of Oncology-Pathology To my mom and dad “Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance.” (Confucius) ABSTRACT Cells that fabricate the body, dwell in a very heterogeneous environment. Self-organization of individual cells into complex tissues and organs at the time of growth and revival is brought about by the combinatory action of biomechanical and biochemical signaling processes. Tissue generation and functional organogenesis, requires distinct cell types to unite together and associate with their corresponding microenvironment in a spatio-temporal manner. -
GENCODE: the Reference Human Genome Annotation for the ENCODE Project
Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on September 26, 2012 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Resource GENCODE: The reference human genome annotation for The ENCODE Project Jennifer Harrow,1,9 Adam Frankish,1 Jose M. Gonzalez,1 Electra Tapanari,1 Mark Diekhans,2 Felix Kokocinski,1 Bronwen L. Aken,1 Daniel Barrell,1 Amonida Zadissa,1 Stephen Searle,1 If Barnes,1 Alexandra Bignell,1 Veronika Boychenko,1 Toby Hunt,1 Mike Kay,1 Gaurab Mukherjee,1 Jeena Rajan,1 Gloria Despacio-Reyes,1 Gary Saunders,1 Charles Steward,1 Rachel Harte,2 Michael Lin,3 Ce´dric Howald,4 Andrea Tanzer,5 Thomas Derrien,4 Jacqueline Chrast,4 Nathalie Walters,4 Suganthi Balasubramanian,6 Baikang Pei,6 Michael Tress,7 Jose Manuel Rodriguez,7 Iakes Ezkurdia,7 Jeltje van Baren,8 Michael Brent,8 David Haussler,2 Manolis Kellis,3 Alfonso Valencia,7 Alexandre Reymond,4 Mark Gerstein,6 Roderic Guigo´,5 and Tim J. Hubbard1,9 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; 2University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA; 3Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; 4Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; 5Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; 6Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8047, USA; 7Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; 8Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA The GENCODE Consortium aims to identify all gene features in the human genome using a combination of computa- tional analysis, manual annotation, and experimental validation. -