Global Atlas of ALLERGY

GLOBAL ATLAS OF ALLERGY Published by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology www.eaaci.org Allergy - Mechanisms Epidemiology and risk factors Allergy diagnosis TLAS Major Allergic Diseases A ERGY Other hypersensitivity diseases ALL Special considerations Management of allergic OF diseases GLOBAL Towards a comprehensive global strategy for the management of allergic diseases GLOBAL ATLAS OF ALLERGY Editors Cezmi A. Akdis Ioana Agache Editorial Board Pascal Demoly Peter Hellings Antonella Muraro Nikolaos G.Papadopoulos Ronald van Ree Published by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 GLOBAL ATLAS OF ALLERGY EAACI EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE BOARD OF OFFICERS Nikos Papadopoulos, President Antonella Muraro, Secretary General Peter Hellings, Treasurer Ioana Agache, Vice-President Communication and Membership Pascal Demoly, Vice-President Education and Specialty Ronald Van Ree, Vice-President Congresses Cezmi A. Akdis, Past President SECTION CHAIRPERSONS Leif Bjermer, Asthma Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Dermatology Cemal Cingi, ENT Carsten Schmidt-Weber, Immunology Susanne Lau, Pediatrics Alexandra Santos, Junior Members and Affiliates INTEREST GROUP REPRESENTATIVES Moises Calderon Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber MEMBERS AT LARGE Lars K. Poulsen Tomas Chivato Thomas Werfel Beatrice M. Bilo Graham Roberts Musa Khaitov CHAIR EAACI PATIENT ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE Frans Timmermans ADJUNCT MEMBERS Fulvio Braido, CME Committee Chairperson Jan de Monchy, Specialty Committee Chairperson Jacques Gayraud, Ethics Committee Secretary Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Exam Committee Chairperson Marek Jutel, SPC Co-ordinator Angel Mazon, Web Editor Olympia Tsilochristou, Web Editor Michael Walker, Executive Director II EAACI Executive Committee GLOBAL ATLAS OF ALLERGY contributors Azza Abdel-Gadir, PhD Zürich, Switzerland Montpellier, France Division of Immunology, Boston Mark Ballow, MD Onur Boyman, MD Children’s Hospital. Department Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical University of South Florida University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, School. Morsani School of Medicine, All Switzerland. Ioana Agache, MD Children’s Hospital, St Petersburg Gert Jan Braunstahl, MD Dept, of Allergy and Clinical USA St. Franciscus Gasthuis Rotterdam, Immunology, Transylvania Nuray Bayar Muluk, MD The Netherlands University of Brasov, Faculty of Dept Otorhinolaryngology,-Kırıkkale Medicine Heimo Breiteneder, PhD University, Turkey Department of Pathophysiology Cezmi A. Akdis, MD Thomas Bieber, MD, PhD, MDRA and Allergy Research, Medical Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Department of Dermatology and University of Vienna, Austria Research (SIAF), University of Allergy, University Medical Center, Zurich, Davos, Switzerland Knut Brockow, MD Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Department of Dermatology Bonn, Germany Research and Education (CK- and AllergologyBiederstein, CARE), Davos, Switzerland M. Beatrice Bilò, MD TechnischeUniversitätMünchen, Germany. Medical Faculty, University of Zurich Allergy Unit - Department of Internal Medicine – University Hospital Mübeccel Akdis, MD, PhD A. Wesley Burks, MD Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona - Italy Department of Pediatrics, University Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, MD of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Zurich, Davos, Switzerland Odense Research Center for Chapel Hill ,USA Anaphylaxis, Odense Denmark Walter J. Ammann, PhD Robert K. Bush, MD Odense University Hospital, Odense Global Risk Forum (GRF) Davos, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Switzerland Denmark U.S.A Abena S. Amoah, MD Leif Bjemer, MD Jeroen Buters, PhD Department of Parasitology, Leiden Lund University, Department Center for Allergy & Environment University Medical Center, Leiden, of Respiratory Medicine and (ZAUM), Technische Universität The Netherlands Allergology, Sweden München and Helmholtzzentrum Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Barbara Bohle, PhD München, Germany Memorial Institute for Medical Department of Pathophysiology EAACI Interest Group Aerobiology Research, Accra, Ghana and Allergy Research and and Air Pollution Evangelos Andreakos, PhD Christian Doppler Laboratory Moisés A. Calderón, MD Biomedical Research Foundation, for Immunomodulation, Division Section of Allergy and Clinical Academy of Athens, Greece of Cellular Allergology, Medical Immunology, Imperial College University of Vienna, Vienna, London, NHLI, Royal Brompton Isabella Annesi-Maesano, MD Austria French Institute of Health and Hospital, London, UK. Medical Research, Epidemiology Matteo Bonini, MD Victòria Cardona, MD, PhD of Allergic and Respiratory Department of Public Health and Allergy Section, Department of Diseases (EPAR), France Infectious Diseases “Sapienza” Internal Medicine. Hospital University of Rome, Italy Claus Bachert, MD UniversitariValld’Hebron, Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Sergio Bonini, MD Barcelona, Spain University of Ghent, Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, MD Belgium; Second University of Naples, Italy (Paediatric respiratory medicine and Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Jean Bousquet, MD allergology), University of Oslo, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, University of Montpellier,France Institute for Clinical Medicine Sweden WHO Global Alliance Against and Oslo University Hospital, Barbara Ballmer-Weber, MD Chronic Respiratory Diseases Department of Paediatrics, Oslo, Department of Dermatology, (GARD) Norway University Hospital Zürich, Director of the WHO Collaborating Jean-Christoph Caubet, MD Switzerland University Hospital Centre for Asthma and Rhinitis in Department of Child and Adolescent, Contributors III GLOBAL ATLAS OF ALLERGY University Hospitals of Geneva Imperial College London, United Philippe Gevaert, MD, PhD and Medical School of the Kingdom. Dept Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University of Geneva, Geneva, EAACI Patient Organisation University Hospital Switzerland Committee, Stefanie Gilles, PhD Yih-Chih Chan, MD Philippe Eigenmann, MD Institute for environmental medicine, King’s College London, London, University Hospitals of Geneva, UNIKA-T, TechnischeUniversität United Kingdom Geneva, Switzerland Munich, Germany Talal Chatila, MD Veit Erpenbeck, PhD Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Division of Immunology, Boston Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research and Education (CK- Children’s Hospital/ Department Research, Basel, Switzerland Care), Davos, Switzerland of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical Claude Favrot, Dr .Vet. Hannah Gould, PhD School. Dermatology Service, Clinic for Division of Cell and Molecular R. Sharon Chinthrajah, MD Small Animal Internal Medicine, Biophysics and Division of Allergy, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Asthma and Lung Biology, Allergy Department of Pediatrics, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Asthma Group in the Division Stanford University, Stanford, Fatima Ferreira, PhD of Cell and Molecular Biophysics USA Department of Molecular Biology, King’s College London, London, Tomás Chivato Pérez, MD Christian Doppler Laboratory for United Kingdom University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Clive E. Grattan, MD Spain Saltzburg, Austria Norfolk and Norwich University Cemal Cingi, MD Michael B. Foggs, MD Hospital, UK Dept Otorhinolaryngology, Eskisehir President American College of Hans Grönlund, PhD Osmangazi University, Turkey Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Karolinska Institutet, Therapeutic Linda Cox, MD Dept of Allergy and Immunology, Immune Design Unit, Department Allergy and Asthma Center, Fort Advocate Health Care, Chicago, of Clinical Neuroscience, Center Lauderdale, Florida, USA United States for Molecular Medicine Reto Crameri, PhD Remo Frei, PhD Karolinska University Hospital Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Tari Haahtela, MD Research (SIAF), University of Research (SIAF), University of Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki Zürich, Davos, Switzerland Zurich, Davos, Switzerland University Hospital, Finland Adnan Custovic, MD, PhD Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Viktor Hafner, PhD University of Manchester, UK Research and Education, Davos Landesgeschäftsstelle Wien, Öster- Janet Davies, PhD Anthony J. Frew, MD reichische Apothekerkammer, Lung and Allergy Research Department of Respiratory Medicine, Austria Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Susanne Halken, MD, DMSci The University of Queensland, Brighton, UK Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Translational Research Institute, Gabriele Gadermaier, MD Hospital, Odense University Woolloongabba, Queensland, Department of Molecular Biology, Hospital, Denmark Australia Christian Doppler Laboratory for Firdaus Hamid, MD Jan G. R. de Monchy, MD Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University of Groningen, University University of Salzburg, Austria University Medical Center, Leiden, Medical Center Groningen, The Stephen J. Galli, MD The Netherlands Netherlands Stanford Center for Genomics and Department of Microbiology, Pascal Demoly, MD Personalized Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University Hospital of Montpellier, Professor Stanford University, USA, University, Makassar, Indonesia France Chair, Department of Pathology Catherine M. Hawrylowicz, PhD Günnur Deniz, PhD James Gardner, RN Dip MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Istanbul University, Experimental Department of Child Health, Royal Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma,

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