The Jewish Population of New South Wales
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The Jewish population of New South Wales Key findings from the 2016 Census and Gen17 Dr David Graham with Leon Narunsky JCA is a Sydney-based, not-for-profit organisation serving the NSW and ACT Jewish communities. As the central point for fundraising and strategic planning, JCA is the communal hub that connects the needs of the community with the services that JCA’s 23 member organisations provide in the areas of: aged and community care; culture, engagement and outreach; history, heritage and Holocaust remembrance; Jewish education; security and advocacy; and community continuity. Acknowledgements This report was conceived and authored by Dr David Graham who was assisted by Leon Narunsky. JCA funded the licence for access to census data from ABS and the purchasing of specially customised 2016 Census tables. Survey data in this report have been extracted directly from the Gen17 datafiles. The Gen17 Australian Jewish Community Survey was jointly conducted in 2017 by JCA (Jewish Communal Appeal) in Sydney and the Australian Centre for Jewish Civilisation (ACJC), Monash University, Melbourne. Key financial support for Gen17 was provided by the Education Heritage Foundation in New South Wales and in Victoria by Gandel Philanthropy, Pratt Foundation, Besen Family Foundation, Cher Family Foundation, JewishCare Victoria and Australian Jewish Funders. Authors Dr David Graham is a demographic research consultant to JCA in Sydney. He is an Honorary Associate at the Department of Hebrew, Biblical and Jewish Studies, University of Sydney, Honorary Research Associate at the University of Cape Town, and Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Jewish Policy Research (JPR) in the UK. A geographer by training and expert in the study of Jews in Britain, Europe, Australia and South Africa, his skills encompass statistics, survey methods and GIS. Dr Graham was instrumental in the development and success of the nationwide Gen17 Jewish community study and has published widely for academic, professional and general interest audiences both nationally and internationally. He holds a DPhil from the University of Oxford. Leon Narunsky is a Research Assistant to DJG Research. Formerly the CFO of JCA his career has encompassed actuarial, financial and computing roles in the Australian insurance industry including CFO of the IAG/NRMA IT division, Head of Knowledge and Data Management and Senior Manager, Planning and Analysis. In South Africa, Leon headed up the National Mutual Life Association Actuarial Department. First published 2020 Contents 1 Introduction and key findings 4 2 New South Wales in context 10 3 Geography 12 3.1 Jewish population distribution 12 3.2 Jewish population change by suburb and neighbourhood 14 3.3 The ‘most Jewish’ suburbs 17 3.4 Internal migration 18 3.5 Geography and population change in ACT 20 4 Demography 21 4.1 Age and sex structure 21 4.3 Jewish births 26 4.4 Jewish deaths (data from communal records) 27 4.5 Natural population change 28 4.6 Age and sex structure of Jews in ACT 28 5 Immigration and belonging 29 5.1 Place of birth 29 5.2 Language 32 5.3 Knowledge of Hebrew and Yiddish (Gen17) 34 5.4 Immigration 36 5.5 Reasons for migrating (Gen17) 38 5.6 Immigrant wellbeing and integration (Gen17) 40 6 Jewish households 42 6.1 Jewish household type 42 6.2 Average household size 44 6.3 Household tenure 44 6.4 Household composition 46 6.5 Lone persons 46 2 The Jewish population of NSW 7 Jewish partnerships and families 48 7.1 Jewish families 48 7.3 Marital status and age 53 7.4 De facto and same-sex couples 55 8 Intermarriage 56 8.1 Intermarriage by religion of partner 56 8.2 Intermarriage by partnership type and sex 58 8.3 Children of intermarried Jews 59 8.4 Intermarriage by age 59 8.5 The intermarriage rate (Gen17) 59 8.6 Intermarriage: Jewish attitudes and behaviours (Gen17) 61 9 Income, wealth and poverty 63 9.1 Personal income 63 9.2 Personal income (Gen17) 64 9.3 Personal income by location 65 9.4 Personal income in ACT 66 9.5 Household income 66 9.6 Household income (Gen17) 67 9.7 Househood income by location 68 9.8 Family income 68 9.9 Wealth and poverty (Gen17) 69 10 Education and schooling 72 10.1 Educational institutions 72 10.2 Educational institutions by location 74 10.3 Type of school attended (Gen17) 75 10.4 Take-up at Jewish schools 76 10.5 School choice for Jewish families (Gen17) 77 10.6 Attitudes towards Jewish schooling (Gen17) 82 10.7 Cost of Jewish schooling (Gen17) 83 NSW 2016 Census and Gen17 Report 3 11 Volunteering 87 11.1 Volunteering by various indicators 87 11.2 Volunteering by type of organisation and Jewish identity (Gen17) 89 11.3 Reasons for not volunteering (Gen17) 92 12 Care and welfare 93 12.1 General health and limiting conditions (Gen17) 93 12.2 Need for care assistance by age 95 12.3 Need for care assistance by location 96 12.5 Care and consumer choice (Gen17) 98 12.6 Provision of unpaid care assistance 100 13 Appendices 102 Appendix 1. Construction of ‘broad’ geographical areas using the ASGS boundary system 102 Appendix 2. Jewish population change from 2011 to 2016 based on SA2 area boundaries 104 Appendix 3. Long term population change 106 Appendix 4. Age and sex in single years, Jewish population, NSW 109 Appendix 5. Change in total Jewish households, 2011 to 2016 110 Appendix 6. 2016 Census adjustment methodology 111 Appendix 7. Glossary 113 1 Introduction and key findings This report combines findings from the 2016 Geography Census and the Gen17 Jewish Community Survey on the Jewish population of New South Wales • NSW’s estimated Jewish population was 1 (NSW) . Brief summary data are also reported for 47,800 a, 40.5% of the national Jewish Jews in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). population and an increase of 4.9% since 2006. However, growth slowed, rising by The Australian census was held on 9th August just 0.5% in the second half of the decade 2016 and carried out by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). It is unparalleled in terms of the • Jews made up an estimated 0.62% of breadth and depth of information it provides about the NSW population, compared with the Jewish population. Gen17 was a nationwide 0.66% in 2011 survey carried out in 2017 by the Jewish community with a sample size of 3,938 in NSW. • 95% of NSW Jews lived in Greater Sydney, It adds a level of detail about Jewish life that is a far greater proportion than the general unavailable from census data. This combination population (64%) of sources shines a very bright empirical light on the Jewish community enabling planners and • Most Jews lived in Eastern Suburbs— other interested groups to better understand this North (47%) where 17% of the population. population is Jewish In this report, unadjusted census data (i.e. • Between 2011 and 2016 Eastern enumerated or raw numbers) are denoted Suburbs—North grew by 1.4% and Eastern with the subscript ‘u’, (e.g. 123u), adjusted (or Suburbs—South grew by 1.7%. Botany estimated) data have subscript ‘a’ (e.g. 123a), and Regional NSW grew by 32% and 29% and interpolated data have subscript ‘i’ (e.g. 123i) respectively. Upper and Lower North (see Appendix 6)2. The treatment of census data Shore contracted by 11% and 4% presented in all tables is indicated in the table title. respectively Where data have been drawn from the Gen17 survey, this is indicated in the text and in chart • Locally, Rose Bay had the largest Jewish and table titles. population (3,562a) in NSW followed by Bellevue Hill (2,979a) and Vaucluse (2,806a) In the following summary, data relate to the census unless otherwise indicated. • The most Jewish area was Dover Heights where 61% of residents were Jewish, the only area in NSW with a Jewish majority 1 For more information about Gen17 and to view a detailed methodology see Graham D and Markus A, 2018 Gen17 Australian Jewish Community Survey – Preliminary Findings, JCA and Monash University 2 For a detailed explanation of the adjustment methodology and a discussion of the complications relating to the 2016 Census, see Graham D with Narunsky L 2019 The Jewish Population of Australia: Key findings from the 2016 Census, JCA and Monash University NSW 2016 Census and Gen17 Report 5 • Since 2011, NSW experienced a net loss Immigration and belonging of 355a people to other Australian states and territories, mainly Victoria (211a) and • 49% of NSW Jews were not born in Queensland (109a) Australia compared with 30% in the general NSW population • Since 2011, Ku-ring-gai (Upper North Shore) experienced a net loss of 470a Jews to other • While 43% of overseas born Jews in NSW places in NSW. Eastern Suburbs—South were aged under 40, this was the case for had a net gain of 192a and Botany had a net 63% of Australian-born Jews in the state gain of 148a • 19% of Jews in NSW were born in South • There were 838a Jews in 2016 in the ACT, Africa, 16% in Europe and 6% in each of an increase of 18% since 2006 Israel and the Former Soviet Union Demography • The size of the South Africa-born population in NSW (~9,000a people) • In 2016 the median age of Jews in NSW remained essentially unchanged between was 44 years compared with 38 years 2011 and 2016 generally. In 2006 the Jewish median age was 42 years • 37% of Jews in the Upper North Shore were born in South Africa • 31% of the Jewish population in NSW was aged 60 years and above in 2016.