Understanding Other Cultures…Unity in Diversity

Now, more than ever, it’s vital for each of us to understand cultures other than our own, to accept differences in others and to truly love the uniqueness of each individual. In our schools, churches, neighborhoods and communities we are surrounded by opportunities to learn and benefit from others’ cultural traditions. Now is the time to celebrate our similarities as well as our differences. Let’s get started!

Changing our perceptions requires some effort on our part. Do we really understand the background and experiences of those around us and are we ready to learn from them as well as serve them? How can we accomplish this in our already busy lives?

Simple ways to expand our cultural awareness might include: *Family Home Evening time spent learning about a different country or culture each week. Let the kids take turns teaching about a different country. Sample a food from that country and try a traditional activity. Check out some books from the library to read individually or together. The information listed below may help. Each country submission is as unique as the person from whom it came, and his or her experiences either as a native of that country or as resident.

*Young Women/Young Men class and combined activities could include a “Culture Night”, particularly focusing on cultures within the youth group.

*Relief Society Enrichment activities could include book groups readings/discussions of books about other cultures,, learning new cooking methods and techniques or having a “culture quiz” to check our own understanding in a fun and interactive way. You’ll be surprised what traditions you’ll like and may even incorporate into your own home when you try something new. Learn from those cultures that surround you including friends and neighbors.

*Self-improvement through awareness can change our perceptions and attitudes. You need not travel the world to experience other cultures. Each of us can expand our horizons right here and now in our own neighborhoods and communities. Reach out to just one new individual. Even a smile can communicate acceptance that can lead to understanding

*Volunteer with an international organization if maybe new immigrants learn language and customs or donate goods to be shipped overseas. If you’re interested in volunteer opportunities check out: International Rescue Committee (www.theirc.org), Charity Anywhere Foundation (www.charityarywhere.org), Mothers Without Borders (www.motherswithoutborders.org), SHARE High School Exchange Program (www.erdtshare.org), or to make donations look at (www.providentliving.org).

President Dallan Oaks reminds us that, “Perhaps, when we face our maker we may not be asked, how many callings did you have but how many people did you help?” President Hinckley taught, ”He who lives only unto himself withers and dies, while he who forgets himself in the service of others grows and blossoms in this life and in eternity”.

BRASIL

Greeting: Tudo Bem

Interesting things about Brasil: Brasil contains roughly 3.5 million kilometers of the Amazon’s total 7 million square kilometers. Sao Paulo is Brasil’s wealthiest and most populous city with a population of 17 million people. It is home to one of the biggest festivals called Carnival which lasts four days. Rehearsals for Carnival continue throughout the year. Southern Brasil has many people of European descent. The national language is Portuguese.

Children’s book: The Great Kapok Tree by Lynne Chery Young adult book: Asphalt Angels by Ineke Holtwijk, Keeper by Mal Peet Journey to the River Sea by Eva Ibbotson

Activity: Futbol is the national sport and is “lived for” in Brasil.

Recipe: “Pao de Quijo” (Cheese Bread Balls) Combine 1 cup oil, 1 cup milk and 1 cup water into a pan until it boils. Add 4 cups flour. While mixing stir in 4 eggs, 2 pounds shredded cheese and 1 T salt. Mix well then let the mixture cool. Roll into balls and bake at 350 degrees for 15-20 minutes or until bread balls begin to turn golden.

Submitted by: Raquel Rasmussen

CANADA

Interesting things about Canada: Canada is the second largest country in the world (behind Russia) but only has about 33 million citizens, about the population of California. Canada is officially bilingual; both French and English are spoken. However, even the English needs to be translated from time to time. Canadians eat “chocolate bars”, not candy bars with some favorites being Eatmore, Crispy Crunch and Caramilk. They drink “pop”, not soda and wear “runners” not sneakers. Canadians are casually referred to as “Canucks”. The $1.00 coin is nicknamed a “Loonie” and a $2.00 coin is a “Toonie”. The expression “Eh” (ay) is used in most sentences and can mean: What? Okay? Why? What do you mean? Sure. An Anglophone is a Canadian whose first language is English. A Francophone is a Canadian whose first language is French. The last letter of the alphabet is pronounced “zed” for Z. In most parts of Canada you must sew your Halloween costume to fit over your ski suit and televised hockey is the most watched program in Canada. That should give you some idea of the loyalty Canadians have to their winter national sport. Wayne Gretzky, dubbed “The Great One” played for the Edmonton Oilers, but then traded to the Los Angeles Kings and other American hockey teams.

Children’s book: The Sugaring-Off Party by Jonathan London Young adult book: Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maude Montgomery Incident at Hawk’s Hill and Return to Hawk’s Hill by Allan Eckert Adult book: Shoeless Joe by W.P. Kinsella (story for the film Field of Dreams), Never Cry Wolf by Farley Mowat., John McCrae (a Major and medical doctor in the Canadian army during WWI) wrote the very familiar poem In Flanders Field.

Activity: Canadians enjoy bowling but use only 5 pins to do so. Hockey is the biggest sport in Canada and is played throughout the country.

Recipe: “Nanaimo Bars” Nanaimo bars were named for the town of Nanaimo on Vancouver Island in British Columbia. The bar resembles a brownie but is topped with a layer of white butter cream icing and another of solid chocolate.. Butter a 9 X 9 inch pan. In a saucepan on low heat, melt ½ c butter. Add ¼ c sugar, 1/3 c unsweetened cocoa then whisk in 1 egg. Cook, stirring constantly, until the mixture thickens (1-2 minutes). Remove from heat and stir in 1 t (teaspoon) pure vanilla extract, 2 cups graham cracker crumbs, 1 cup coconut and ½ cup chopped nuts. Press the mixture evenly into the pan then cover and refrigerate until firm (about an hour). Filling: Cream ¼ c room temperature butter with 3 T (Tablespoons) milk or cream, 2 T Bird’s vanilla custard powder or vanilla pudding powder, ½ t vanilla extract and 2 cups powdered sugar. If the mixture it too thick to spread, add a little more milk. Spread the filling over the chilled bottom layer then cover and refrigerate until firm (about 30 minutes). Topping: Melt 4 ounces semisweet chocolate (chopped into small pieces) with 1 T butter. Spread melted chocolate over the filling and refrigerate. Serve by bringing the bars to room temperature before cutting which will prevent the chocolate from cracking. Yield: 25 bars.

Submitted by: Shauna Chymboryk

CHILE

Greeting: “Hola”. Chileans often skip the knock on the front door and yell “Ah-lo”. The people inside look out to see who’s calling and then open the door if they want to meet that person. An “Abrazo” handshake-hug-handshake(or kiss) is also a common way to greet someone and is repeated when you leave.

Interesting things about Chile: Chile is one of South America’s smallest countries and the narrowest. The country has the Andes Mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The landscape includes desert, volcanoes, valleys, snowy fields, mountains, savannas and rainforests. Southern Chile has the beautiful Patagonia Mountains and the north has the driest desert in the world, the Atacama. The Easter Islands are located off the western coast near the city of Santiago. The land has many natural resources including copper and a great climate and soil for growing produce. The population of Chile is 16 million with 9 million living in the capital city of Santiago. Chile is the fourth richest country per capita in the hemisphere. Many international companies have offices in Santiago which boasts a great water and mass transit system. Chileans speak Castallano/Spanish. The people are kind, giving, and hard working. “Siesta” is a daily tradition when shops are closed, people return home to have lunch then take naps before returning to work. Punctuality is not extremely important to Chileans. When people in Chile want to point they use their lips as pointing with your finger is considered rude. They take pride in their country and have lots of fun traditions including dancing the “La Cueca”. Food is purchased fresh daily in the “ferria”, a street market that is held on a different street each day. On September 18th the country celebrates its independence and the day is spent with family in a typical barbeque including grilled meat (asado) rice, and salad made from tomato, avocado, onion and seasonings. In spring (September/October) Chileans enjoy making and flying kites. It is not uncommon for Chileans to take a month off of work in the summer (January/February) to go south for a holiday or to visit family and friends.

Children’s book: Mariana and the Merchild: A Folktale from Chile by Caroline Pitcher, A Pen Pal for Max by Gloria Rand, To Go Singing Through the World: The Childhood of Pablo Neruda by Deborah Kogan Ray. Adult books: Portrait in Sepia: a novel or Ines of my Soul by Isabel Allende

Activities: Futbol, tennis played in the streets and basketball are enjoyed in Chile. Recipe: “Manjar” is made by cooking a can of sweetened condensed milk until its thick and caramel colored, then spreading it over bread. “Empanadas” are made from meat, hard-boiled eggs, raisins and seasoning. Submitted by: Kristin Prescott and Parker Bond CHINA

Greeting: “Hello” is pronounced “Ni hao” (knee-how). “How are you?” is “Ni hao ma”.

Interesting things about China: China is the most populous country in the world with 1.3 billion people. It is claimed to be the oldest contiguous civilization. Nine regional languages are spoken with dozens of dialects. In 1949 the Communist government took power, then in the 1970’s the country began experimenting with capitalism by establishing “special economic zones”. China has a very rich cultural and artistic tradition and the Chinese claim to have invented pasta, the compass and gunpowder. The Chinese calendar dates back to 2600 B.C., and is based on the cycles of the moon (the lunar schedule). A complete cycle of the Chinese calendar takes 60 years. Each year and each month of the year are represented by a different animal. The color red is considered “lucky” in China. At one time, wedding dresses were red. New Year’s banners, clothing and lucky money envelopes are still red. During Chinese New Year children ask their parents and other elder relatives for “Hong Baos” (red envelopes) with money stuffed in them. Fourth graders in China are expected to know 2,000 of the over 40,000 written Chinese characters. By the time they leave college, students will know 4,000 to 5,000 characters. Unlike the 26 letters of the English alphabet, Chinese writing cannot be sounded out letter by letter. Each Chinese character is learned by looking at it then memorizing it.

Children’s books: Daily Comes Home by Jan Brett, Lon Po Po: A Red-Riding Hood Story from China by Ed Young, The Five Chinese Brothers by Claire Huchet Bishop, The Story About Ping by Marjorie Flack, The Empress and the Silk Worm by Lilly Toy Hong Young adult books: April and the Dragon Lady and Ties that Bind, Ties That Break by Lensey Namioka, The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck, Red Scarf Girl by Ji-li Jiang. Adult books: Wild Swans by Jung Chang, Joy Luck Club by Amy Tann, Snow Flower and the Secret Fan by Lisa See.

Activity: Ma Zhang (a.k.a. “mah jongg”) is a game that is played like a card game but uses domino-like tiles. Chinese checkers and spinning tops are popular games.

Recipe: “Chinese Wok Rice” is made by placing 4 cups cooked rice in a heated wok with 3 T oil, ½ c peas or finely chopped broccoli, 1 T soy sauce and 1 beaten egg. Stir to coat and allow to cook for 3 minutes while stirring constantly. Add a dash of sesame oil, 2 green onions thinly sliced, 2 slices cooked and crumbled bacon and salt/paper to taste. “Garlic Chicken” is prepared by frying 20 cloves of garlic until slightly brown then removing the garlic. In another pan, bring 5 cups of water to a boil then add 4 cups raw chicken cut into pieces, 5 slices fresh ginger, 1 T Chinese cooking wine and the fried garlic. Simmer over low heat for 25 minutes then add 1 t salt and cook for 5 more minutes. Remove from heat and discard ginger slices before serving. Submitted by: Jessica Peng and Christine Gouff ECUADOR

Greeting: Buenos Dias, Buenas Tardes, Buenas Noches (good morning, afternoon, and evening) Interesting things about Ecuador: Ecuador, a country on the equator, has quite a varied landscape, from the volcanic islands and sparkling turquoise waters of the Galapagos Islands, to snow covered volcanoes in the Andes, then rain forests and tropical rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon. At Christmastime in Ecuador the Novenas or house tours begin the holiday season 9 days before Christmas. Ecuadorians visit others’ homes to look at the nativity scenes and decorations. Children place their list of presents into an old shoe waiting for Papa Noel (Santa Claus) to visit. Everyone gets together with family to celebrate Christmas. An Ecuadorian New Year’s tradition is the making and burning of a stuffed dummy to symbolize the ending of the old year and the beginning of a new year. Ecuadorians dress themselves as clowns to receive the coming of the Yew Year in a happy and enjoyable way. In Ecuador there are more than 14 indigenous groups that live on the mainland, maintaining their own traditions and ways of life. Handicrafts are very important part of the culture. The making of paintings, baskets, ceramics, leather products, and woodcarvings comes from their culture.

Children’s books: Terror on the Amazon by Gates, Galapagos Means Tortoises by R Heller Young adult book: Ecuador by Marion Morrison

Activity: “Carnival” is a big Ecuadorian tradition and celebration. The word “carnival” comes from the Italian “carn-aval” which means absence of meat. According to the Catholic calendar, the festivities precede the period of Lent. The origin of the Carnival festivity is to compensate for the following forty days of abstention and penitence in preparations for the remembrance of Christ’s crucifixion. This is a time of celebration without restraint all over the world, and Ecuador is not an exception. Many popular festivals are held throughout the country. It is a time of masks, jokes, water, music and dances. All throughout the country “diablillos” (little devils) play with water. It is a somewhat crazy game, like snow fights, which is long awaited, especially by children and teenagers, and feared by some adults. Throwing water balloons, sometimes even eggs and flour, both to friends and strangers passing by the street, can be a lot of fun but can also be annoying. Don’t be surprised if a water balloon hits you. Don’t feel offended: it’s just a game. Ecuador is a country full of surprises!

Recipe: “Tres Leches Cake” Combine 1 ¼ cups flour, 1 t baking powers and 1 pinch salt. In a separate bowl combine 1/3 cup oil, 1 cup sugar and 1 t vanilla extract. Blend then add 5 eggs, one at a time, to the sugar mixture until well combined. Stir in ½ cup milk then gently fold in the flour mixture a little at a time. Pour batter into a lightly greased cake pan and bake at 325 degrees for 30-40 minutes or until the cake feels firm and an inserted toothpick comes out clean. Let the cake cool to room temperature then turn it over onto a platter with raised edges. Pierce the cake with a fork 20-30 times then refrigerate for 30 minutes. Whist together 1 cup milk, 1 cup sweetened condensed milk and 1 cup heavy cream. Slowly pour the milks over the cooled cake. Refrigerate for 1 hour, occasionally spoon the milk runoff back onto the cake. In a mixing bowl add ¾ cup heavy cream, 1 t vanilla and 1 T sugar. Beat until peaks form then spread a thin layer over the cake. Top with a sprinkle of cinnamon or garnish with fresh berries. Submitted by: Sue Richardson EGYPT

Interesting things about Egypt: Although Egypt is well known for its pyramids, tombs and temples of historical significance, it remains a relatively poor country where the people work hard to provide for their families due to limited natural resources. Tourism is very important to the economy. The native Egyptians are striking people with beautiful dark hair, tanned skin and dark eyes. Because the landscape of Egypt is a desert, most Egyptians live along the banks of the Nile River where water is available and crops can be irrigated. The capital city, Cairo, is home to 18 million people, making it one of the most populous cities in the world. Public education in Egypt is free through college hence Egypt boasts the highest per capita of college-educated women in the world. Al-Azhar in Cairo claims to be the oldest continuously run University in the world. The entrance exam requires the potential student to recite the Koran from memory because the university believes that unless you know the word of God, you are not prepared to learn anything else. 90% of Egyptians are Muslims, hence men and boys attend Mosque on Fridays. It is common for both women and men work outside the home and family life is at the center of Egyptians way of living. Outside of the large cities life changes from modern conditions to a very traditional lifestyle. Villagers living along the Nile still live in mud block homes, tend their herds of animals, grow their own fruits and vegetables and go about their lives much as they have for thousands of years. In the late 1970’s electricity was brought to the villages and the government drilled a well for each village to provide safe drinking water. Although some villagers still do bathe and wash in the Nile, most now enjoy the convenience of electricity and sanitary water. One group of Egyptians that does not depend on the Nile for their existence is the Bedouins who travel the desert tending their sheep and goat herds.

Children’s books: Bill and Pete Go Down the Nile by Tomie de Paola Young adult book: Cleopatra VII: Daughter of the Nile by Kristina Gregory, Mara, Daughter of the Nile by Eloise McGraw, Maia of Thebes: 1463 B.C. by Ann Turner.

Activity: Soccer is enjoyed throughout the country in both cities and villages. It is by far the most popular activity enjoyed in the country.

Foods in Egypt: Egyptian tradition requires that a host spare no effort in providing for the comfort of his guests, therefore Egyptian meals are lavish whenever company is present. Rather than eating first then visiting for the rest of the evening as is done in many parts of the world, Egyptians enjoy their conversation first. If you were invited to someone’s home for dinner at 7:30 you would typically sit in their living area and talk for 3-4 hours then go to the table about 11:30 p.m. A “good cook” in Egypt provides a great variety of choices so that her guests will find something they like to eat. Foods that would likely be served include: tomatoes, cucumbers, oranges, apples, lemons, hummus, pita bread, chicken, duck, lamb, fish, seasoned potatoes, macaroni and several dessert choices. Traditionally, the men eat around the table while the women and children eat in the kitchen. If only the immediate family is dining, the family would all eat together at the table.

Submitted by: Mark Simpkins GUATEMALA

Greeting: Ma Sa ’la Ch’ ol? (Is your heart good?) in K’ekchi’ Indian dialect Buenos Dias, Buenas Tardes, Buenas Noches (good morning, afternoon and evening) in Spanish.

Interesting things about Guatemala: Guatemala’s indigenous Mayan people form the basis of Guatemalan culture, and their large indigenous presence is perhaps what makes Guatemala stand out from other Central American countries. The surviving Mayans not only give a face to the country, but to much of its history as well. The major ethnic groups in Guatemala are the Maya and the ladinos (Spanish for Latins), those of mixed indigenous and European descent. The indigenous people of Guatemala have maintained a distinct identity. Many speak a Mayan language rather than Spanish and follow spiritual practices from before the Spanish conquest, sometimes blended with Roman Catholicism. Although most are poor by material standards, their lifestyle is satisfying to them, and they have largely chosen to remain isolated from national life. One such group is the K’ekchi’ Indians living in the Alta Verapaz in northeast Guatemala. The K’ekchi’ speak their own native dialect called Kekchi and most of the women and many men wear their native Indian dress consisting of a corte (colorful skirt) or a juipil (colorful shirt). They usually live in one-room huts they make themselves with dirt floors and do their cooking over fires. The typical rural family is industrious. Men usually work the fields, while women care for the children and weave beautiful textiles with motifs that are unique to each community. The K’ekchi’ eat corn tortillas they make themselves along with black beans and hot chilies. The literacy rate for Guatemalans is among the lowest rates in Central America.

Children’s book: Abuela’s Weave by Omar Castaneda, Guatemala ABCs: A Book About the People and Places of Guatemala by Marcie Aboff Young adult book: Red Glass by Laura Resau, Colibri by Ann Cameron.

Activity: Pinatas are enjoyed at parties and celebrations throughout Guatemala.

Recipe: “Black Beans and Rice” is a dietary staple throughout Guatemala. To you’re your own “Guatemalan Rice” saute 2 cups rice in 2 T oil until the rice has absorbed the oil but has not changed color. Add 1 cup mixed vegetables (carrots, celery, red peppers and peas) and 4 cups chicken broth. Bring to a boil, cover, reduce heat and simmer until liquid has been absorbed (about 20 minutes). To prepare “Black Beans” cover 1 pound dry black beans with water and cook until the beans are tender. This could take several hours. Soaking the beans in water overnight could also speed up the cooking time. Chop 1 onion and 2 cloves of garlic and add them to the beans. Cook for another hour adding extra water if needed. Cool slightly then blend the beans and water in a blender. Add a little oil in a frying pan and add the beans to the pan. Cook until thickened. Serve with cream cheese, corn tortillas and friend plantain bananas.

Submitted by: Laurie Oldroyd and Sue Richardson

INDIA

Greeting: Namaste (nu-mus-tay) is hello in Hindi

Interesting things about India: India has historically been known as a land of riches and kings. Traditions and customs are valued in India and guests are treated splendidly. India as a country got its independence from the British in 1947 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi using non-violent means. India is a democratic state with tolerance for all religions and beliefs. India has over 100 million people, which puts it second in the world for total population. Most Indians speak English and many also speak a native dialect. There are over 300 different languages spoken in India but the national language is Hindi. All official documents are in Hindi and English and most school texts are in English. Each region of India has its own traditional dress, food and customs. One thing all regions have in common is their interest in dancing. All festivals begin with dancing in traditional costume. The Indian national animal is the tiger and the national bird is the peacock.

Children’s books: Panchatantra: The Complete Version, Young adult books: Indian Tales by Shenaaz Nanji, The Ramayana for Children by Bulbul Sharma. Adult book: Gitanjali by Tagore,

Activity: Board games such as “Pachisi”, “Snakes and Ladders” and “Caturanga” which is similar to modern day chess are common. Children enjoy playing hop scotch. “Kabaddi” is a team game where two teams occupy opposites halves of a field and take turns sending a ‘raider’ into the other half of the field in order to win points by tagging the opponents. The raider must hold his or her breath during the raid.

Recipe: To make “Carrot Halwa” roast 2 T cashews and 2 T chopped almonds in 2 T butter. Cook 4 cups finely graded carrots in 4 cups milk in a saucepan on low, stirring constantly. When the carrot is cooked add 1 cup sugar and stir. Add 3 T ricotta cheese and cook for 10 minutes on medium heat. Decorate with roasted nuts, 2 cardamoms, (skinned and crushed fine) and 1 T raisins. Serve hot. For “Kheer-Indian Rice Pudding” boil 1 cup rice in 3 cups whole milk on medium flame until the rice is cooked. Add 1 cup condensed milk, ½ cup sugar, 1 T raisins and 1 T dry roasted cashew nut pieces. Stir on the flame until the sugar dissolves and the mixture thickens then add 1 t finely powdered cardamom seeds and serve hot.

Submitted by: Surabhi Pandey and Sudheer Ghanathe

ITALY

Greeting: Ciao (informal “Hi”) or Salve (formal “Hello”)

Interesting things about Italy: Italy, as the country we know it today, was created in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, united under King Victor Emmanuel II. A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946. Italy was ranked as the seventh-largest economy in the world in 2006, behind the United States, Japan, Germany, China, the United Kingdom, and France, and the fourth largest in Europe. Italy is home to the greatest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (43) in the world. These sites hold historical, educational, scientific significance. By comparison, the United States has 19 sites.

Children’s books: Strega Nona by Tomie dePaola, Pizza for the Queen by Nancy Castaldo, There’s a Dolphin in the Grand Canal! By John Marciano. Young adult book: The Castle Corona by Sharon Creech

Recipe: To prepare“New Orleans Style Pasta” heat in a large sauce pan 1 T olive oil. Add 2 chicken breasts cut into strips and ¼ c chopped chorizo sausage. Cook 5 minutes stirring often. Add 1 t chopped garlic, 2 dashes Tabasco sauce and 2 dashes Worcestershire sauce and cook for 1 minute. Add 1 cup heavy cream, ¼ c parmesan cheese, ½ pound peeled and cleaned shrimp and 1 pound penne pasta cooked al dente. Cook, tossing all ingredients until heated throughout. Garnish with sliced green onions.

Submitted by: Laurie Oldroyd

JAPAN

Greeting: Konnichiwa (Good day or Hello) Sayonara (Good bye)

Interesting things about Japan: Japan is an island country comprised of four main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku but there are over 4,000 islands total that make up the country of Japan. The Japanese written language uses a combination of 3 writing systems. Japan has an Emperor but he is limited to a symbolic role of state and has no power. Japan still carries on traditional activities including performing arts, sumo wrestling, martial arts, shamisen instrument performance, tea ceremonies and flower arranging. There are huge displays of fireworks at festivals in July and August. People are conservative and very polite. It is considered polite to slurp your soup and while eating ramen, udon and soba. You can buy almost anything from a vending machine including rice, alcohol, light bulbs, underwear, eggs or batteries. The population of Japan is about half that of the US but fits into land about the size of California. Punctuality is very important in Japan. Trains run on time however sometimes the trains are so crowded that railway staff are employed to cram passengers inside! Japanese children go to school all year except for 1 month, even on Saturdays up to age 16. When ordering at a restaurant, food selections are made by choosing from plastic and very realistic displays. Fish is served on pancakes and pizza.

Children’s books: Grandfather’s Journey by Allen Say Yoko by Rosemary Wells Young adult book:Shipwrecked: The True Adventure of a Japanese Boy by Blumbery Adult books: In The Eyes of the Cat by Demi, Geisha, a Life by Mineko Iwasaki

Activity: The art of origami (paper folding) is taught in elementary school. Ayatori is a string game with the string tied into a loop held by the wrists or fingertips of both hands then made into various shapes like a bridge, cup or river. Boys enjoy playing Bei- boma, a game where several tops spin at the same time and the last one spinning wins. Girls enjoy O-hajiki by flicking a small glass marble against other marbles. “Rock-Paper- Scissors” Jen-Ken-Pon is a 2-person hand game that is popular.

Recipe: Japanese “Tempura” is made by deep-frying seafood and vegetables in a light batter. “Okonamiyaki” is perpared by mixing together 4 T flour, ¼ t salt and 1 t baking powder. Gently mix in 3 T water. Add 3 strips cooked and crumbled bacon, ¾ cup finely grated cabbage, ½ cup chopped green onion and 1 egg then mix together thoroughly. Heat a frying pan and lightly oil. Spoon the okonamiyaki mixture onto the pan and spread it into a round shape about ½ inch thick. When it starts to bubble, turn it over with a spatula and press down slightly until done. Top with mayonnaise. Submitted by: Emiko Smith, Miyo Hashimoto and Annaleesa Rowley KOREA Greeting: An Neong Ha Se Yo

Interesting things about Korea: Korea is a country with a history of over 5,000 years of continuous, recorded history. It is divided at the 38th parallel to create communist North Korea and democratic South Korea. South Korea has been the world’s 2nd fastest growing economy for 40 years. In 1957 South Korea had a GDP comparable to Ghana. Since 1995 North Korea has endured extreme famine conditions. North and South Korea are technically still at war and many Korean families are divided between North and South Korea. Korean culture places strong emphasis on education, family, tradition and hierarchy based on Confucian principles. Most Koreans are either Christian or Buddhist. Korea has its own language and letters. The biggest holidays in Korea are Chinese New Year and Harvest Day, which is held in September. On these days the whole family gets together to celebrate, eat and play games. School is held 5 days a week and all students are required to wear uniforms and style their hair in either a short haircut or in ponytails.

Children’s book: The Korean Cinderella by Shirley Climo Young adult book: The Korean War by Andrew Santella, A Single Shard by Linda Sue Park, The Girl-Son by Anne Neuberger, The Kite Fighters by Linda Sue Park Adult book: The Living Reed by Pearl S. Buck

Activity: “Paper, Rock, Scissors” is a very popular game in Korea. The Korean words are Kai, Bai, Bo. A board game that is similar to “Trouble” is “YootNori” . (A game board is attached). Draw a few dots on three popsicle sticks and get some place markers to move on the board. Throw the sticks then count how many moves you can make by either traveling around the small inner triangle or the other path options. Move as many spaces as the dots will allow. Watch out or someone else might knock you off before you get back home!

Recipe: Korean cuisine is based on rice, noodles, tofu, vegetables and meat. The famous salad “Kimchi” is made by combining grated naboo cabbage, grated radish, red pepper powder, ginger, garlic, and fish sauce (fermented) and is served at every meal.

Submitted by: Eliot and Yunhee Kang, Christian Ward

MADAGASCAR

Interesting things about Madagascar: It is the fourth largest island in the world. It is said that the capitol city, Antananarivo, is the dirtiest city in the world. The country itself is considered the third poorest in the world. The majority of the people live well below the poverty level on what is equivalent to $2.00 per day. There are two languages spoken on the island, Malagasy and French. Families are extremely important to the Malagasy people. They feel a very strong tie to their ancestors. In many areas it is considered “disgusting” to have a toilet inside the house. The average life expectancy is only 62 years. Madagascar is knows for its lemurs with over 70 different species.

Young adult book: The Pirate’s Son by Geraldine McCaughrean Adult book: Madagascar by Hilary Bradt

Activity: The Malagasy people love playing fiend games. Soccer and track are two of their favorites.

Recipe: Malagasys eat rice 3 times a day. They also make a soup called “Ro” by cooking rice in warm water with cabbage leaves. A stew called “Hen’omby” is made by adding boiled beef with a few spices to give it more flavor.

Submitted by: Diane and Zane Busteed

MOLDOVA

Greeting: Buna Zina (Boo-nu Zee-nu)

Interesting things about Moldova: The Republic of Moldova is a small country located in the southeastern part of Europe between Romania and Ukraine. The population of Moldova is about 3.5 million. Moldova was formed in the 14th Century. During her history Moldova was under Romanian and Russian government rule. At the present time it is an independent country and a democratic state. In 1992 Moldova became a member of the United Nations. Moldova is an industrial-agricultural country. The capital city is Chisinau and its national language is Moldovan which is based on the Latin alphabet. Russian is used as a communication language. The national religion is orthodox and the currency is the Moldovan Leu. The father or head of the house always offers guests the best he has to offer including Moldovan wine and the best food dishes. Guests are invited into the “Casa Mare” (big room), a traditional room in each house where people feast together. Each March the country celebrates the holiday of “Martisor” which is the symbol of spring. Everyone hangs knitted white and red ropes on their collars, which symbolize nature’s revival.

Activity: Winter plays are performed by Moldovan children. They put on traditional masks and costumes and perform in front of the Christmas tree.

Recipe: To prepare “Moldovian Cornmeal Mush” (Mamaliga) Combine 3 ½ cups water and 1 t salt in a heavy sauce pan and bring to a boil. Slowly add 1 cup stone ground cornmeal in a steady stream while whisking to prevent lumps. Continue to whisk until the water returns to a boil. Reduce the heat to low, cover and cook until thickened. Add 2 T butter and stir until the mixture leaves the sides of the pan. Serve the mamaliga in a bowl with feta cheese or crumbled cooked bacon.

Submitted by: Anna Zolotuhina

MONGOLIA

Greeting: Sain Baina uu! or Sain uu

Interesting things about Mongolia: Many foreigners think that Mongolians speak Chinese but they actually speak Mongolian. The country’s unofficial second language is Russian. The Mongolian currency is called tugrug. As of April 2009 1 US dollar equals 1412 Mongolian tugrug. Mongolia is the largest landlocked country in the world.

Children’s book: Horse Song: the Naadam of Mongolia Young adult book: Mongolian Nomadic Society: A Reconstruction of the Medieval History of Mongolia Adult book: The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military System

Activity: Shagai (the ankle bone of the sheep) are collected and used for traditional games and fortune telling. The bones may be painted bright colors. Such bones have been used throughout history, and are thought to be the first forms of dice. Playing with Shagai is sometimes called “ankle bone shooting”. Shagai games are especially popular during the Mongol summer holiday of Naadam. In shagai dice, the rolled shagai generally land on one of four sides: horse, camel, sheep or goat. A fifth side (cow) is possible on uneven ground. Mongolians still exchange shagai today as tokens of friendship. The shagai may be kept in a little pouch. In addition, Mongolians also collect wolf shagai, which are viewed as good-luck tokens. The hunting of wolves is a popular sport in the Mongolian countryside.

Recipe: “Budaatai Khuurga (Stew with rice, vegetables and meat)is a popular Mongolian dish. Put 250 g rice, 3 dl water some salt and oil in a pan and make it boil. Keep boiling on small heat until the water level has fallen below the rice (about 10 minutes). Turn down the heat and let it simmer another 10 minutes. Saute 2 onions in some oil then add strips of carrots, bell peppers, white cabbage and any other vegetables you wish. Add mutton or beef cubed into small pieces and fry with the vegetables. Season with salt and pepper then cover and let everything simmer for a few minutes on low heat. Add the cooked rice and mix everything together then arrange and decorate on the plates. Note: Mongolians consider fat meat to be of higher quality but there’s no problem in using western style lean meat.

Submitted by: Puujee

PERU

Greeting: Hola! Interesting things about Peru: Peru is home to one of the seven wonders of the world— Machu Picchu, which is located near the city of Cusco high in the Andes Mountains. It is an abandoned Inca City that was never conquered by the Spanish. Peru was the homeland of the Inca Empire until 1533 when it was taken over by Spanish conquistadores. Its geography varies from the arid plains of the Pacific Coast to the peaks of the Andes Mountains and the tropical forests of the Amazon Basin. Peruvians are hard working, generous, kind and beautiful to look upon. Peru is a mix of very old traditions changing slowly into the newer age of development and advancement. The more simple part of the culture still lives on farms. They work with their animals to till the ground on the mountain slopes or garden plots. Children are often seen with their parents working, playing or sitting on a blanket. Women have a major role in the life of a Peruvian family whether they live in the simplest of conditions or in a more modern home. They care for the families tirelessly. Babies are often seen on the backs of their mothers, keeping them very close and protected. Rarely is a woman from the mountains seen walking without a stick of wool in one hand, rolling it into thread with the fingers of the other hand. Meals are made daily from scratch with fresh ingredients. Besides preparing the food, there is the garden to tend, spinning, weaving or sewing and the washing of clothes in the river. Even if you have a nice house you probably wash your clothes by hand in the sink. There are not too many washing machines to be found! A modern Peruvian woman works hard like all the other women of the world. If she has children, she is very involved and concerned for their educational advancement.

Children’s book: The First Story Ever Told by Jendresen, Carolina’s Gift by Katacha. Young adult books: Secret of the Andes by Ann Clark, Go and Come Back by Abelove Adult books: The Incas and other Ancient Andean Civilizations by Maria Longhena, The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder, Lost City of the Incas by Hirum Bingham

Activity: La Lata is “Hide and Go Seek” with a can. Fill an empty can with small stones. One person counts to 10 with his eyes closed, standing by the can, while the others hide. If those hiding can make it to the can and shake it before being caught, they are “safe”. Recipes: “Red Onion and Lime Juice” is delicious over tamales and chicken. Slice a red onion very thin then soak it in cold water for a short time. Just before serving, drain, pat dry and add the juice of fresh limes that have been mixed with salt and a little pepper to taste. “Cream Voltiada” is a typical dessert. Melt ½ cup sugar in a heavy pan until golden brown. While still hot, coat small metal ring molds with the caramelized sugar. Be careful—the molds get hot. Let the sugar cool and crack in the mold. In another bow gently blend: 4-5 large eggs, 1 can sweetened condensed milk, 1 can evaporated milk, and a dash of cinnamon. Pour the egg and milk mixture into the cooled mold. Bake in a hot bath of water until there are no ripples (about 40-50 minutes) in a 350 degree oven. It should jiggle like Jell-O. Cool then cut around the edges of the mold with a knife and turn out onto a plate. Serve warm or cold. Submitted by: Scott and Mirtha Rasmussen, Julie Ward PHILLIPINES

Interesting things about the Phillipines: People from the islands known as the Phillipines are called Filipinos and as a people they are very resourceful. There is very little waste anywhere in the country. They use everything and make do with what they have. A greeting card is turned into a picture for the wall. Leftover rice becomes tomorrow’s breakfast. Coconut shells become planters. A leftover piece of plastic and some sticks become a kite. Filipinos work hard to support their families doing just about any job you can think of. Filipinos are also very hospitable. You are always welcome in their home and they will try to make you feel as comfortable as possible. A snack is almost always served even if money is tight. Humanitarian service kits are used throughout the country including school kits, hygiene kits, donated toys and blankets. Recently several businesses based in the Phillipines have begun trying to help the people, especially women, provide for themselves. A “basura bag” is a bag sewn out of Capri Sun (or similar) wrappers. Sometimes you can find decorative bowls made of braided magazines or newspapers. These are usually sold at high-end boutiques but they are made right there by women trying to help out their families.

Children’s book: Bahay Kubo by Hermes Alegre is actually a Filipino song in book form. It is about a family living in a Nipa hut which is typically a one room, raised home made out of bamboo with palm frond leaves for a roof. This type of house is very popular among the very pool because you can make them yourself and they keep you out of the mud and rain. (The song is also available as a download.)

Recipes: “Champorado” is a popular dessert. Cook 1 cup sticky rice (not instant) in 2 & ½ cups water. When the rice has absorbed almost all of the water, add 4 T cocoa powder and ¾ cup sugar This should be about the consistence of pudding. Serve with regular or evaporated milk. “Arroz Caldo” is a thick chicken soup with a slight ginger taste. Take 1 whole chicken and cut it up into smaller pieces. Bring the chicken, 6 quarts water, 1 thinly sliced onion and 1 T salt to a boil, then turn the heat down and lit it simmer for 45-60 minutes until the chicken comes off the bone easily. Pull the meat off the chicken bones and set aside. Empty the pot (saving the chicken broth) and heat a little oil in the bottom. Fry 5 cloves smashed garlic until golden them remove from heat. Add 1 large ginger root, peeled and thinly sliced, chicken meat and 3 T fish sauce (Patis)to the pot. Cook for 3 minutes then add 3 cups cooked rice and chicken broth. Simmer until thick then and salt and pepper to taste. Top Aroz Caldo with chopped green onion, fried garlic, a little Safflower(found at Asian markets)and hard boiled egg.

Submitted by: Mary Koster

RUSSIA

Greeting: Prevyet (Pree-Vee-yet) means “hi” and Zdrasvst means “to your health” Interesting things about Russia: The land of Russia is the largest country in the world. It covers 1/7 of the world’s land and spans 11 time zones. Over 100 different ethnic groups live within Russia with the official language being Russian. The average family size is 3 and the population is about that of the US. Russians love book and music. They are very proud of their poets, playwrights and authors. They love to listen to good music and they appreciate many cultural activities such as attending the ballet or the symphony. Many children take music lessons or play an organized sport. While most Russians live in the main cities in large concrete government housing projects, almost all Russians spend time in dachas, which are small homes in the country where they gather berries and mushrooms, and plant gardens so they can store food for the winter. All homes have delicious jams and other canned items such as pickled tomatoes, cabbage and other fruits and vegetables. The women shop daily for dark Russian Rye bread and milk. All Russian women knit and most sew but more and more people purchase items from shopping centers and bazaars. During winter months everyone bundles up in thick wool socks and mittens. Men wear fur shopkas and women wear beautiful wool scarves. Outdoors everyone wears boots so it is polite to remove your shoes and wear slippers when you enter another home.

Children’s book: Rechenka’s Eggs by Patricia Polacco (Many of her books have Russian themes), Philipok by Leo Tolstoy, Sasha’s Matroishka Dolls by Jana Dillon. Young Adult Book: Angel on the Square by Glorian Whelan, Catherine: The Great Journey (Royal Diaries) by Kristina Gregory, Anastasia (Royal Diaries)by Carolyn Meyer Adult Books: Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, My Antonia by Willa Cather, Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevesky

Activity: Many people enjoy rhythmic gymnastics and soccer. In the winter you can always see men ice fishing. In St. Petersburg and the Baltics they hold a music and dance festival every 4 years Young people dress in traditional costume and perform in an arena. A variation of “tag” is called Tretee Leashney in which those playing form a large circle. The person who it “it” chases someone who can only be “safe” if they stand behind two others who are forming a “line”. The person in front is then chased. To cross the middle of the circle, you may only hop on 1 foot.

Recipe: “ Blinii” (Russian Pancakes) are made using 2 eggs, 1 T sugar, 1/3 t salt, ½ cup flour and 2½ c milk. Whisk eggs, sugar and salt then sift in flour and add milk and whisk. Batter should be thin. Add about 2 T batter to a hot oiled pan. Tilt the pan to spread the batter out evenly. When the edges are crisp, flip over and cook. Butter the blini then serve with sour cream and jam. “Borscht” (Beet Soup) is a very traditional food that is made by melting 1 T butter in a large sauce pan then adding 1 cup shredded cabbage. Cook until wilted then stir in ¾ pound roasted onions including liquid, 3 ½ cups beef broth, 1 cup gravy, 1 pound roasted beets, peeled and sliced, 2 T red wine vinegar, 2 cups diced pot roast, salt and pepper to taste. Simmer for 10 minutes stirring occasionally. Add 2 T diced fresh dill the serve with sour cream.

Submitted by: Melissa Garber and Alex Finlinson SOUTH AFRICA

Interesting things about South Africa: South Africa is situated on the most southern point of the African continent. Because South Africa is located in the Southern Hemisphere, the seasons are opposite from the US. Snow is only found in the mountains and there have never been tornados or earthquakes. The school year goes from mid January to mid December. There are 11 official languages and the world biggest diamond was found in South Africa. The deepest gold mines are also located here. The first heart transplant was performed in South Africa and Durban City is in the Guinness Book of World Records for having the most trees. South Africa has two other countries inside its borders, Swaziland and Lesotho.

Children’s book: Handa’s Surprise by Eileen Browne, The Palomino Stallion by Nowlan Adult book: Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton,

Activity: “Watermelon Fun” Everybody gathers in an open area big enough for running. Everyone gets a big slice of watermelon then everyone starts “smearing” each other. The “pinkest” person wins! It’s silly but it’s a lot of fun. “Morabaraba” is a board game in which each player has 9 pieces that move among the board’s twenty-four intersections. The object of the game is to leave the other player with less than 3 pieces or no legal moves. At the beach “Rock Bowling” is a contest to see who can roll a chosen rock the farthest.

Recipe: To make “South African Mac & Cheese” cook 2 cup elbow macaroni in boiling salted water until done then drain. In another pan sauté 8 oz diced bacon, 4 diced hot dogs and 1 diced onion until the onions are soft. Combine 1 cup milk, 3 T ketchup, 2 T hot mustard and 2 T corn starch. Pour the cooked onion and bacon mixture over the macaroni. Add the milk mixture and 2 cups of shredded cheese. Mix together then pour into a greased baking dish and bake 30 minutes at 350 degrees.

Submitted by: Krystal DeKlerk and Brett Roberts

SWITZERLAND

Interesting things about Switzerland: The country has 4 national languages and is well known for its banking system. Until recently it maintained food and living space for a large citizen population in underground cities (under the Swiss Alps) in the event of war. The greatest invention to come out of Switzerland is “Velcro” which was invented by a Swiss father who was bothered by having to remove burs from his children’s woolen socks after they had been out. After examining what made the burrs stick, he duplicated it to create the product we use so much of today.

Children’s book: A Bell for Ursli: A Story from the Engadine in Switzerland.

Activity: The Swiss enjoy their own version of wrestling called “schwingen”.

Recipe: Muesli is a granola type product that is a Swiss staple for breakfast. The Muesli can be purchased at most grocery stores or made at home. Combine the muesli with milk or fruit juice, yogurt and any fresh fruit such as grapes, grated apples, sliced bananas, berries until it is roughly the consistency of yogurt. It’s delicious!

Submitted by: Ruth Ann Daines

TAIWAN

Greeting: Nee how Interesting things about Taiwan: Taiwan is located in Eastern Asia off the coast of China and is southwest of the main islands of Japan. Taiwan is often called “Iiha Formosa” which in Portuguese means “beautiful island”. It is also called “The kingdom of the corals”. Taiwan is one of the most densely populated countries in the world with about 1,595 people per square mile. Black Bears, Rock Monkeys, leopards, sambars, flying frogs and salamanders are found in Taiwan. The highest point in Taiwan is the Jade Mountain which is 3950 meters above sea level. Taiwan’s Taipei 101 is the tallest building on earth with a height of about 508 meters. Taiwanese companies manufacture a giant portion of the world’s consumer electronics. Baseball is considered Taiwan’s national sport and it is a popular spectator sport as well. Martial arts such as taekwondo, karate and kung fu are also widely practiced.

Children’s book: The Balad of Mulan,, Dragon Kite of the Autumn Moon by Valerie Reddix, The Pet Dragon by Christoph Niemann, The Year of the Dog and The Year of the Rat by Lin. Young adult book: Taiwan by Jessie Wee Adult book: Taiwan by David C. King

Activities: “Shuttlecock” is a popular game that is usually played in pairs. The players kick the shuttlecock back and forth to see how long the shuttlecock can remain in the air. You can play “Do It Yourself Shuttlecock” by cutting off the top of a plastic soda or water bottle. Wrap tape around the cap for padding and weight. The game “Knife Hand” is similar to “tag” but with a twist. Two or more can play the game and it is played inside or out. Players divide into two groups and each group selects a home base (a wall, tree, lamp post etc.). The goal is to reach the base of the opposing team without getting out. You are out when your leg is touched by the “knife hand” of someone from the opposing team! When the “knife hand” touches a player, they go to the enemy base and form a human chain by holding hands. Team members can be saved when their own team members “cut” the chain. All behind the cut are also saved.

Recipes: “Taiwanese Tea Eggs”. Place 6 whole eggs and 5 cups water in a pot. Tie 1 T black tea leaves, 4 star anise and 2 slices cinnamon bark in a cloth to form a pouch then add the pouch to the eggs. When the water boils, lower the flame and simmer for 30 minutes. Turn off the heat and let the eggs sit for 10 minutes. Remove the eggs to a plate and serve. For “Wok Chicken” heat 1 cup sesame oil in a wok.l When the oil is hot add 3-4 pounds of chicken (cut into small pieces) and 1 cup ginger root (peeled and sliced). Stir fry well before adding 10 cloves peeled garlic, 1 cup soy sauce, 1 cup wine (optional), 2 red chilies (take seeds out first) and ½ cup brown sugar. Cover with a lid and simmer until the gravy is thick (about 20 minutes). Turn off the heat and add 1 ounce fresh basil leaves (no stem). Stir well and serve.

Submitted by: Yen-Pin Wu and Jessica Peng

TONGA

Greeting: “Malo e lilei” (mall-oh-ee-lay-lay) is hello. “Alu a (all-oo-ah) is good-bye.

Interesting things about Tonga: Tonga is known by the name “Friendly Island” due to the very friendly and loving nature of its people. Tongans are willing to share everything they have. Tonga is also the only island in the Pacific that is still governed by a King and a Queen. The natives speak Tongan but English is also spoken by many islanders. The unit of money is called a paangaI. Respect is extremely important and Tongan children are taught to respect their parents, grandparents and older people. Boys are also taught to respect their sisters. Years ago, there were no children’s books so children were taught to read from the Bible.

Children’s book: To Find a Way by Susan Nunes, Young adult book: Call it Courage by Armstrong Sperry, The Water Shell by Gretchen Schields Books: The Other Side of Heaven by John H. Groberg, Tongan Saints; Legacy of Faith by Eric Shumway.

Activity: Fishing is enjoyed by most Tongans. High school boys play rugby and high school girls play basketball as their main sport. Adults enjoy playing cards or checkers.

Recipes: “Lu Pulu” is made by combining corned beef, coconut and onion seasoned with a little salt onto a taro leaf. The leaf is folded to enclose the other ingredients and is then baked or steamed. “Otai” is a drink made from fresh fruits such as mango , watermelon, crushed pineapple and coconut In Tonga only fresh fruit is used. Grate or process in a food processor any fruits you have, removing the seeds first. If fresh coconut is used, include the coconut milk. Thin it with water and sweeten to taste.

Submitted by: Fehi Uata

UKRAINE

Greeting: “Zdorovi buly” (zso-row-vee boo-lee) means hello. “Pryvit (pry-weet) is hi.

Interesting things about Ukraine: Ukaine is a very old country that has rich traditions and history. It is situated in Eastern Europe and washed by the Black Sea. It has always been part of the interests of other countries. After being part of the Soviet Union for many years, Ukraine finally obtained its independence in 1991. It was the first republic to become independent. After that, many republics became independent following the break up of the Soviet Union. “ Ukranian” is the official language but Russian is also widely spoken. Ukraine has very productive fields called chornozems and it’s commonly called “the bread of Europe” because it produces more wheat than any other country in Europe. The western part of Ukraine is known for their baking skills. On holidays each family prepares many kinds of pies, tarts and small treats. Each holiday has its own dishes that belong only to it. For example, on Christmas Eve Ukranians prepare 12 special dishes which are meatless. Then, the next day on Christmas, there are many dishes with meat so holiday celebrations involve a lot of effort and a lot of cooking.

Children’s book: The Mitten by Alvin Tresseltand Yaroslava, also retold by Jan Brett. Young adult book: Ukraine: Birth of a Modern Nation by SerhyYekelchyk

Activity: A very popular game is “Hide and Seek”. Children hide somewhere, usually in the house) and one of them needs to fine everybody. Another game is similar to “Red Rover” played in the United States where two teams of children hold hands and face each other. One group calls the name of a child from the other group and that child needs to run quick and break the chain. The group with the most kids at the end wins! “Bunny” is for 3 or more players. 2 players throw a ball to each other while the “bunny” in the middle tries to catch it. If the bunny gets the ball, he becomes the thrower and whomever threw the ball then becomes the “bunny”.

Recipe: “Borsch” soup is commonly served (see Russia for recipe). “Salad Olivier” is a classic holiday salad somewhat similar to potato salad. Prepare 3 large potatoes in boiling water,. Get 10 hard boiled eggs, and 1 pound of beef cooked and diced. Ham, chicken or smoked sausage can also be used. Peel and dice potatoes and eggs then put them in a large bowl followed by 12 baby pickles drained and diced, 1 cucumber peeled, seeded then diced, 8 ounces frozen peas steamed then cooled, 5 green onions diced and 1 cup diced carrots steamed and cooled. Refrigerate salad until ready to serve then top with dressing toss to mix dressing into the salad. Dressing: 8 ounces mayonnaise, 8 ounces sour cream, 1 t mustard, 1 t horseradish and salt to taste. Submitted by: Oksana Frankiv and Alia Tukhtarova Herrod

VENEZUELA

Greeting: Apa Apa le or A-pu also Buenos Dias/Buenas Tardes, Buenas Noches

Interesting things about Venezuela: Venezuela means “Little Venice” and was named such by explorer Amerigo Vespuci because of the stilted houses that the Indians had built above the lake. Most Venezuelans are a mixture of European, Indian, and African roots. Roman Catholicism in the overwhelmingly dominant religion. Venezuelans place an extreme national pride on their physical beauty, fashion, and overall outward appearance. They express pride in the fact that Venezuelan contestants often win or place very well in the yearly Miss World and Miss Universe pageants. Venezuelans have three main meals: a large breakfast, a large dinner around noontime and a very light supper in the evening. Venezuelan hospitality is widespread, so something to eat and drink is expected when visiting another home. Arepas, the most distinctive Venezuelan food, are thick disks made of precooked cornmeal, either fried or baked. Large arepas, with a variety of fillings such as ham and cheese, are eaten as snacks throughout the day. Smaller arepas are typically served as side companions at all meals. Venezuelans are characterized by their outgoing and gregarious nature. This extroverted behavior is visible in the traditional forms of greeting and in people’s body language. When meeting someone, even if for the first time, it is common to give two kisses (one on each cheek). Between men a strong-gripped handshake is the custom. The world’s talent waterfall, Angel Falls, is in Venezuela. Venezuelans enjoy celebrating New Year’s Day with loud noisemakers and fireworks or explosives. Carnival is also a big event in which people dress up, often as animals.

Activities in Venezuela: Baseball is played in Venezuela using a broomstick as the “bat” and metal bottle caps for the “balls”. Soccer (conchalita) is played on a court about the size of a tennis court using a smaller sized ball about the size of a cantaloupe. In he game of “Tops”, players each spin their own top and try to knock the other off. The last top spinning wins the game.

Children’s books: Venezuela ABCs: by Sharon Cooper and Stacey Previn.

Recipe: Chicha is a thick beverage enjoyed in Venezuela. Blend ¾ cup cooked rice and 2 ½ cups milk. Drain excess liquid and blend again. Add ½ cup sugar, ¼ c sweetened condensed milk, cinnamon and vanilla to taste. Pour over ice and drink or add ice and blend again.

Submitted by Sue Richardson, Jennifer Risso and Johnathan Ward