Vejprojekt Mellem Kangerlussuaq Og Sisimiut

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Vejprojekt Mellem Kangerlussuaq Og Sisimiut Vej mellem Sisimiut og Kangerlussuaq Konsekvensanalyse af fordele og ulemper Sisimiut Kommune 1 Vej mellem Sisimiut og Kangerlussuaq Konsekvensanalyse af fordele og ulemper Udarbejdet af: Laust Løgstrup Naja Joelsen Anette G. Lings Inunnguaq Lyberth Peter Evaldsen Rasmus Frederiksen Klaus Georg Hansen Morten H. Johansen Finn E. Petterson Larseraq Skifte Sisimiut Kommune Marts 2003 2 Vej mellem Sisimiut og Kangerlussuaq - konsekvensanalyse af fordel og ulemper © Sisimiut Kommune Sisimiut marts 2003 Printet hos Sisimiut Kommune Printede eksemplarer af rapporten kan rekvireres ved henvendelse til: Sisimiut Kommune Postboks 1014 DK-3911 Sisimiut Grønland E-mail: [email protected] Rapporten kan også hentes som PDF-fil på adressen: http://www.sisimiut.gl/vej Redaktionen er afsluttet den 21. marts 2003. Mekanisk, fotografisk eller anden gengivelse af denne rapport eller dele af den er tilladt med angivelse af kilde. Fotoet på forsiden er fra Haines i Yukon i Canada og er venligst stillet til rådighed af Yukons Regering. 3 Indholdsfortegnelse INDHOLDSFORTEGNELSE.................................................................................................3 SAMMENDRAG ......................................................................................................................5 INDLEDNING ..........................................................................................................................9 BAGGRUND...............................................................................................................................9 KONSEKVENSANALYSENS OPBYGNING .....................................................................................9 VEJENS UDVIKLING ..........................................................................................................11 BAGGRUND FOR VEJE .............................................................................................................11 VEJE I ARKTIS ........................................................................................................................12 VEJE I GRØNLAND ..................................................................................................................14 INFRASTRUKTUR I GRØNLAND................................................................................................15 KANGERLUSSUAQ-SISIMIUT VEJEN.........................................................................................16 DELKONKLUSION....................................................................................................................19 HVILKEN VEJ.......................................................................................................................21 LANDSKABSTYPER OG KLIMA .................................................................................................21 FYSISK KONSTRUKTION OG PRIS .............................................................................................26 DRIFT OG VEDLIGEHOLDELSE .................................................................................................29 FINANSIERING ........................................................................................................................31 DELKONKLUSION....................................................................................................................35 DIREKTE EFFEKTER .........................................................................................................37 FLYTNING AF EKSISTERENDE TRAFIK......................................................................................39 GENERERING AF NY TRAFIK....................................................................................................46 ØVRIGE SAMFUNDSMÆSSIGE BESPARELSER............................................................................49 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSENS RESULTAT ...................................................................................50 DELKONKLUSION....................................................................................................................50 POTENTIELLE EFFEKTER ...............................................................................................51 LOKALBEFOLKNING................................................................................................................51 TURISME.................................................................................................................................53 ERHVERV................................................................................................................................59 DELKONKLUSION....................................................................................................................67 MILJØ OG PLANLÆGNING..............................................................................................69 MILJØFORHOLD ......................................................................................................................69 LOVGIVNING ..........................................................................................................................73 FRILANDSPLAN.......................................................................................................................74 DELKONKLUSION....................................................................................................................80 DET VIDERE FORLØB........................................................................................................81 LITTERATURLISTE ............................................................................................................83 BILAG .....................................................................................................................................87 4 5 Sammendrag Denne konsekvensanalyse indeholder en undersøgelse af fordele og ulemper ved en vej mellem Sisimiut og Kangerlussuaq. Overordnet konkluderer konsekvensanalysen, at: En vej vil være samfundsøkonomisk rentabel for det grønlandske samfund En vej vil have store fordele for hele Grønland En vej vil øge den grønlandske trafiks fleksibilitet, tilgængelighed og regularitet samt mindske prisen En vej vil være det manglende led mellem den interne kystsejlads og den eksterne flytrafik i Grønland En vej vil give flere turister mulighed for komme billigt og fleksibelt rundt i Grønland En vej vil give billigere flyfriske produkter i butikkerne i Grønland En vej vil åbne op for en erhvervsmæssig udvikling i Sisimiut og Maniitsoq kommuner, især med hensyn til fersk fisk, mineraler og vandkraft samt ren is og vand En vej vil binde byen Sisimiut og bygderne Kangerlussuaq og Sarfannguaq sammen En vej vil medføre mindre forurenende transport end den eksisterende transportstruktur En vej var allerede samfundsøkonomisk rentabel i 1960’erne På baggrund af ovenstående konklusioner anbefales det, at Sisimiut Kommune fortsætter undersøgelserne, og at dette foregår i et så bredt samarbejde som muligt. I første omgang er der behov for følgende forundersøgelser: 1. Teknisk forundersøgelse med overslag 2. Vurdering af virkninger på miljøet - en såkaldt VVM-undersøgelse 3. Arkæologisk forundersøgelse 4. Finansiel forundersøgelse 5. Udarbejdelse af frilandsplan Viser forundersøgelserne sig gunstige, og er der fortsat interesse for vejen, vil det være naturligt derefter at fortsætte med følgende faser: 1. projektering 2. anlæggelse 3. drift Samtidig med at disse tekniske foranstaltninger foregår, bør der tilsvarende arbejdes intensivt med at udtænke, forberede og endeligt udnytte de forskellige potentialer, der enten er omtalt i nærværende analyse eller fostres af erhvervsliv, befolkning og politikere mv. 6 Ovenstående konklusioner er fremkommet efter historie-, kilde-, sammenlignings- og cost- benefit studier samt en enkelt spørgeskemaundersøgelse, som er udarbejdet af 11 undergrupper til en af Sisimiut Kommune nedsat projektgruppe. Alt i alt er de 11 undergruppers bidrag blevet samlet i 5 kapitler. Vejens udvikling I kapitlet ”vejens udvikling” er baggrunden for veje i Arktis og i den øvrige verden undersøgt. Endvidere er der sammenlignet med den grønlandske trafikstruktur. Sidst men ikke mindst er det blevet undersøgt, hvorledes det gik første gang en vej mellem Sisimiut og Kangerlussuaq blev bragt op. Der konkluderes, at fordele ved veje generelt er, at • de binder beboelsessteder sammen • de åbner landområder op • transporten på dem er billig • transporten på dem foregår selvstændigt og fleksibelt Tilsammen betyder dette, at veje står for størstedelen af verdens transport, og at denne andel er fortsat stigende samt tæt knyttet til økonomisk vækst. Mht. vejnet i Arktis gælder det, at • veje over lange strækninger er anlagt i det nordlige Skandinavien, Rusland, Canada og USA samt på Island • veje over lange strækninger ikke er anlagt i Grønland - fokus i Grønland har i stedet været på fly og i anden række skibe, hvorved mulighederne på landjorden er forblevet uudviklet • vejanlæggelse i arktiske områder oftest giver negativt afkast i konsekvensanalyser • vejanlæggelse mellem Kangerlussuaq og Sisimiut i 1960’erne var økonomisk fornuftigt • sagen om vejanlæggelse mellem Kangerlussuaq og Sisimiut i 1970 blev henlagt af Ministeriet for Grønland Hvilken vej I kapitlet ”hvilken vej” er det landskab og klima, hvori en vej vil komme til at forløbe undersøgt. Endvidere er der sammenlignet med prisniveauer for både anlæggelse og drift/vedligehold i ind- og udland samt undersøgt muligheder for finansiering. Der konkluderes, at anlæggelse af
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