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Life of Philip Melanchthon Life of Philip Melanchthon 1 Also Available from LutheranLibrary.org The Life and Letters of William Passavant by George Gerberding The Life and Teachings of Theodore E. Schmauk by George W. Sandt Life Reminiscences of an Old Lutheran Minister by John Gottlieb Morris 2 ◊ Philip Melanchthon 3 About The Lutheran Library The Lutheran Library is a non-profit publisher of good Christian books. All are available in a variety of formats for use by anyone for free or at very little cost. There are never any licensing fees. We are Bible believing Christians who subscribe wholeheartedly to the Augsburg Confession as an accurate summary of Scripture, the chief article of which is Justification by Faith. Our purpose is to make available solid and encouraging material to strengthen believers in Christ. Prayers are requested for the next generation, that the Lord will plant in them a love of the truth, such that the hard-learned lessons of the past will not be forgotten. Please let others know of these books and this completely volunteer endeavor. May God bless you and keep you, help you, defend you, and lead you to know the depths of His kindness and love. 4 Life of Philip Melanchthon By Rev. Joseph Stump, A.M. PASTOR OF GRACE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, PHILIPSBURG, N.J. With An Introduction By Rev. G. F. Spieker, D.D. PROFESSOR OF CHURCH HISTORY IN THE LUTHERAN SEMINARY IN PHILADELPHIA Reading, PA And New York PILGER PUBLISHING HOUSE © 1897 / 2018 (CC BY 4.0) LutheranLibrary.org 5 Contents Also Available from LutheranLibrary.org About The Lutheran Library Contents List of Illustrations Preface Introduction 1. His Birth And Parentage 2. His Childhood. 1504-1509. 3. At The University. 1509-1516. 4. The Call And Removal To Wittenberg. 1518. 5. At Wittenberg. 6. Early Conflicts. 7. Melanchthon’s Marriage And Domestic Life. 8. Melanchthon During Luther’s Absence From Wittenberg. 1521-1522. 9. New Labors. A Visit To Bretten. Melanchthon And Erasmus. 1522- 1524. 10. The Peasants’ War. Luther’s Marriage. The Saxon Visitation. 1525- 1527. 11. The Second Diet Of Speyer. The Marburg Colloquy. 1529. 12. The Diet Of Augsburg. 1530. 13. The Schmalkald League. The Religious Peace Of Nuremberg. Melanchthon Invited To France And England. 1531-1535. 14. The Wittenberg Form Of Concord. Journey To Tuebingen. Accused Of Heresy. 15. The Convention At Schmalkald. Attacks Upon Melanchthon. 1537- 1539. 16. The Frankfort Suspension. Labors In Ducal Saxony And Brandenburg. Second Convention At Schmalkald. The Landgrave’s Bigamy. Melanchthon At Death’s Door. 1539-1540. 6 17. The Religious Colloquy At Worms. The Diet At Ratisbon. 1540- 1541. 18. The Bishopric Of Naumberg. The Reformation At Cologne. A Year Of Suffering For Melanchthon. 1541-1544. 19. The Diet At Worms. 1545. The Diet At Ratisbon. 1546. Luther’s Death. 20. The Schmalkald War. The Dissolution And Restoration Of The University. 1546-1547. 21. The Augsburg Interim. The Leipzig Interim. Controversies. 1548- 1550. 22. The Osiandrian And Majoristic Controversies. The Religious Peace Of Augsburg 1550-1556. 23. The Crypto-Calvinistic Controversy. Negotiations With Flacius. 1556-1557. 24. The Religious Conference At Worms. 1557. 25. His Last Years And Death. 1558-1560. 26. His Character And Services. Copyright Notice How Can You Find Peace With God? Benediction More Than 100 Good Christian Books For You To Download And Enjoy 7 List of Illustrations ◊ Philip Melanchthon ◊ Home of Melanchthon at Bretten. ◊ John Reuchlin. ◊ Elector Frederick III. of Saxony. ◊ Augsburg. ◊ Market Place At Wittenberg. ◊ Martin Luther. ◊ G. Spalatin. ◊ Dr. Eck. ◊ Melanchthon’s Home at Wittenberg. ◊ The Burning of the Papal Bull. ◊ The Wartburg. ◊ The Translators of the Bible. ◊ Joachim Camerarius. ◊ Erasmus of Rotterdam. ◊ Philip I., Landgrave of Hesse. ◊ Thomas Münzer. ◊ Elector John the Constant. ◊ Melanchthon by Dürer. ◊ Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt. ◊ Colloquy of Marburg. ◊ Charles V. ◊ Coburg. ◊ Diet of Augsburg. ◊ Chancellor Gregor V. Brueck. ◊ Justas Jonas. ◊ Sultan Soliman. ◊ John Frederick the Magnanimous ◊ Caspar Cruciger. ◊ John Brenz. 8 ◊ Schmalcald. ◊ Veit Dietrich. ◊ Henry VIII. of England. ◊ Melanchthon’s Illness. ◊ Cardinal Granvella. ◊ Fr. Myconius. ◊ Death of Luther. ◊ Battle of Mühlberg. ◊ Agricola. ◊ John Bugenhagen. ◊ Nuremberg at the close of the 15th Century. ◊ Elector Maurice of Saxony ◊ Dr. Joachim Mörlin. ◊ Emperor Ferdinand I. ◊ Melanchthon’s Tomb. 9 Preface THE LIFE of so distinguished a servant of God as Melanchthon deserves to be better known to the general reader than it actually is. In the great Reformation of the sixteenth century, his work stands second to that of Luther alone. Yet his life is comparatively unknown to many intelligent Christians. In view of the approaching four hundredth anniversary of Melanchthon’s birth1, this humble tribute to his memory is respectfully offered to the public. It is the design of these pages, by the presentation of the known facts in Melanchthon’s career and of suitable extracts from his writings, to give a truthful picture of his life, character and work. In the preparation of this book, the author has made use of a number of biographies of Melanchthon by German authors, and of such other sources of information as were accessible to him. His aim has been to prepare a brief but sufficiently comprehensive life of Melanchthon, in such a form as would interest the people. To what extent be has succeeded in this undertaking, others must judge. That these pages may, in some measure at least, accomplish their purpose, and make the Christian reader more familiar with the work and merit of the man of God whom they endeavor to portray, is the sincere wish of THE AUTHOR. 1. Philip Melanchthon was born on February 16, 1497. In this Preface, Dr. Stump is referring to February 16, 1897.↩ 10 Introduction THE APPROACHING quarto-centennial of the birth of Philip Melanchthon will not fail to attract attention to the career of this remarkable man. Owing to the dearth of popular biographies of Melanchthon in the English language, Dr. Krotel’s translation of Ledderhose being out of print, the author of the following sketch herewith presents to those who may take an interest in the subject a clear, succinct account of the principal events in Melanchthon’s checkered course. He tells the story in a straightforward way, without circumlocution or attempt at rhetorical flourish. Full justice is done to the eminent services of the gifted Reformer, with an evident desire to present his conduct in the best possible light. While the tone of the presentation is of an apologetic nature in regard to incidents along the line which invite criticism of Melanchthon’s conduct, discussion of those points is not evaded, and there is no attempt to cover up the weakness of the great scholar. Of course, it was out of the question in a book of limited compass to enter into a very detailed account of every individual transaction in which Melanchthon shared. At the same time, we feel certain that no important element has been entirely overlooked. Aside from Melanchthon’s part in the history of the Reformation period, the most important epoch of Christianity since the time of the Apostles, he claims consideration on the side of classical education. His influence as an educator, which won for him the well-known title of “Preceptor Germaniae,” was not confined to his native land, as may be judged from the remark of Hallam, in his “History of Literature,” that he became “far above all others, the founder of general learning throughout Europe.” No one appreciated the services of Melanchthon in the cause of the Reformation more than Dr. Martin Luther, and it is to Luther’s credit, that he treated Melanchthon with uniform consideration. One would fain say the same of Melanchthon’s attitude toward Luther. Melanchthon’s weakness was overruled for good. His shoulders were not equal to some of the burdens imposed upon them. His good, sound work 11 has survived. It is to be hoped that these pages will aid in promoting the study not only of the Life of Melanchthon, but of the whole period in which the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ was restored to its normal and proper position in the Church. G. F. SPIEKER. 12 1. His Birth And Parentage EAST from the city of Carlsruhe, in the Grand-duchy of Baden, Germany, lies the town of Bretten. In the times of the Reformation it belonged to the Palatinate of the Rhine, and boasted a population of three hundred families. At the present day its inhabitants hardly number more than four thousand souls. But it enjoys the enviable distinction of being the birth-place of Philip Melanchthon. Near the end of the fifteenth century there dwelt in this humble town a young married couple by the name of George and Barbara Schwarzerd. They were in comfortable circumstances and stood high in the regard of the community. Of these parents, Philip Melanchthon was born on February 16, 1497. His family name therefore was Schwarzerd, which means “Black Earth.” It was afterwards changed, in conformity with the custom which prevailed among the learned men of the day, into its Greek equivalent, Melanchthon. 13 14 ◊ Home of Melanchthon at Bretten. Philip’s father was armorer to the Elector Philip of the Palatinate, and named his first-born son in honor of that ruler. He enjoyed a wide reputation for skill in his profession. He was entrusted with the manufacture of armor for many princes and even for the Emperor Maximilian. His Imperial Majesty was so well pleased with the perfect finish of one suit of this armor, that he bestowed upon its maker a coat of arms which was emblematic of his profession, and consisted of a lion sitting upon a shield and helmet, and holding a pair of tongs and a hammer in his paws.
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