PHYSICS Glossary
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Glossary Physics (I-Introduction)
1 Glossary Physics (I-introduction) - Efficiency: The percent of the work put into a machine that is converted into useful work output; = work done / energy used [-]. = eta In machines: The work output of any machine cannot exceed the work input (<=100%); in an ideal machine, where no energy is transformed into heat: work(input) = work(output), =100%. Energy: The property of a system that enables it to do work. Conservation o. E.: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Equilibrium: The state of an object when not acted upon by a net force or net torque; an object in equilibrium may be at rest or moving at uniform velocity - not accelerating. Mechanical E.: The state of an object or system of objects for which any impressed forces cancels to zero and no acceleration occurs. Dynamic E.: Object is moving without experiencing acceleration. Static E.: Object is at rest.F Force: The influence that can cause an object to be accelerated or retarded; is always in the direction of the net force, hence a vector quantity; the four elementary forces are: Electromagnetic F.: Is an attraction or repulsion G, gravit. const.6.672E-11[Nm2/kg2] between electric charges: d, distance [m] 2 2 2 2 F = 1/(40) (q1q2/d ) [(CC/m )(Nm /C )] = [N] m,M, mass [kg] Gravitational F.: Is a mutual attraction between all masses: q, charge [As] [C] 2 2 2 2 F = GmM/d [Nm /kg kg 1/m ] = [N] 0, dielectric constant Strong F.: (nuclear force) Acts within the nuclei of atoms: 8.854E-12 [C2/Nm2] [F/m] 2 2 2 2 2 F = 1/(40) (e /d ) [(CC/m )(Nm /C )] = [N] , 3.14 [-] Weak F.: Manifests itself in special reactions among elementary e, 1.60210 E-19 [As] [C] particles, such as the reaction that occur in radioactive decay. -
Introduction 1
1 1 Introduction . ex arte calcinati, et illuminato aeri [ . properly calcinated, and illuminated seu solis radiis, seu fl ammae either by sunlight or fl ames, they conceive fulgoribus expositi, lucem inde sine light from themselves without heat; . ] calore concipiunt in sese; . Licetus, 1640 (about the Bologna stone) 1.1 What Is Luminescence? The word luminescence, which comes from the Latin (lumen = light) was fi rst introduced as luminescenz by the physicist and science historian Eilhardt Wiede- mann in 1888, to describe “ all those phenomena of light which are not solely conditioned by the rise in temperature,” as opposed to incandescence. Lumines- cence is often considered as cold light whereas incandescence is hot light. Luminescence is more precisely defi ned as follows: spontaneous emission of radia- tion from an electronically excited species or from a vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment. 1) The various types of lumines- cence are classifi ed according to the mode of excitation (see Table 1.1 ). Luminescent compounds can be of very different kinds: • Organic compounds : aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthracene, phenan- threne, pyrene, perylene, porphyrins, phtalocyanins, etc.) and derivatives, dyes (fl uorescein, rhodamines, coumarins, oxazines), polyenes, diphenylpolyenes, some amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine), etc. + 3 + 3 + • Inorganic compounds : uranyl ion (UO 2 ), lanthanide ions (e.g., Eu , Tb ), doped glasses (e.g., with Nd, Mn, Ce, Sn, Cu, Ag), crystals (ZnS, CdS, ZnSe, CdSe, 3 + GaS, GaP, Al 2 O3 /Cr (ruby)), semiconductor nanocrystals (e.g., CdSe), metal clusters, carbon nanotubes and some fullerenes, etc. 1) Braslavsky , S. et al . ( 2007 ) Glossary of terms used in photochemistry , Pure Appl. -
Piezoelectric Solutions: Piezo Components & Materials
Piezoelectric Solutions Part I - Piezo Components & Materials Part II - Piezo Actuators & Transducers BAUELEMENTE, TECHNOLOGIE, ANSTEUERUNG Part III - Piezo Actuator Tutorial PIEZOWWW.PICERAMIC.DE TECHNOLOGY Contents Part I - Piezo Components & Materials .......... .3 Part II - Piezo Actuators & Transducers . .40 Part III - Piezo Actuator Tutorial ........ .73 Imprint PI Ceramic GmbH, Lindenstrasse, 07589 Lederhose, Germany Registration: HRB 203 .582, Jena local court VAT no .: DE 155932487 Executive board: Albrecht Otto, Dr . Peter Schittenhelm, Dr . Karl Spanner Phone +49 36604-882-0, Fax +49-36604-882-4109 info@piceramic .com, www .piceramic .com Although the information in this document has been compiled with the greatest care, errors cannot be ruled out completely . Therefore, we cannot guarantee for the information being complete, correct and up to date . Illustrati- ons may differ from the original and are not binding . PI reserves the right to supplement or change the information provided without prior notice . All contents, including texts, graphics, data etc ., as well as their layout, are subject to copyright and other protective laws . Any copying, modification or redistribution in whole or in parts is subject to a written permission of PI . The following company names and brands are registered trademarks of Physik Instrumente (PI) GmbH & Co . KG : PI®, PIC®, NanoCube®, PICMA®, PILine®, NEXLINE®, PiezoWalk®, NEXACT®, Picoactuator®, PIn- ano®, PIMag® . The following company names or brands are the registered trademarks of their -
Physics Courses Short Descriptions
Physics Courses Short Descriptions College of Sciences -Al Zulfi Department of Physics Physics Program Physics Courses Short Description 1Page Physics Courses Short Descriptions Physics Courses Short Descriptions College of Sciences -Al Zulfi Department of Physics Physics Program Contents PHYS201: General Physics I .......................................................................................... 4 PHYS202: General Physics II......................................................................................... 4 PHYS211: Classical Mechanics ...................................................................................... 5 PHYS231: Vibrations and Waves ................................................................................... 5 PHYS241: Thermodynamics .......................................................................................... 6 PHYS291: Thermal physics lab. ..................................................................................... 6 PHYS303: Mathematical Physics I ................................................................................. 6 PHYS221: Electromagnetism I ....................................................................................... 6 PHYS332: Optics ......................................................................................................... 7 PHYS351: Modern Physics ............................................................................................ 7 PHYS304: Mathematical Physics................................................................................... -
Download Neon Lesson Plan (.Pdf)
EXPLORING NEON At a Glance TARGET GRADES: 6–12 NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS (NGSS) nextgenscience.org MS-PS1-1 Matter and its HS-PS1-8 Matter and its HS-PS1-1 Matter and its Interactions Interactions Interactions Develop models to describe the Develop models to illustrate the changes Use the periodic table as a model atomic composition of simple in the composition of the nucleus of the to predict the relative properties of molecules and extended structures. atom and the energy released during elements based on the patterns of WKHSURFHVVHVRIoVVLRQIXVLRQDQG electrons in the outermost energy level MS-PS1-4 Matter and its radioactive decay. of atoms. Interactions Develop a model that predicts and HS-PS3-3 Energy HS-PS1-4 Matter and its 'HVLJQEXLOGDQGUHoQHDGHYLFHWKDW describes changes in particle motion, works within given constraints to Interactions temperature, and state of a pure convert one form of energy into another Develop a model to illustrate that the substance when thermal energy is form of energy. release or absorption of energy from a added or removed. chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy. HS-PS1-5 Matter and its Interactions $SSO\VFLHQWLoFSULQFLSOHVDQG evidence to provide an explanation LEARNING OBJECTIVES about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of Students will understand the structure of neon the reacting particles on the rate at atoms and how it can be used to produce neon which a reaction occurs. lights. Students will also explore other forms of luminescence and understand how materials can glow by different processes. Funding for this exhibition was provided by The Pittsburgh Foundation and Advancing Black Arts in Pittsburgh, a joint program of The Pittsburgh Foundation and The Heinz Endowments. -
Piezoelectric Crystal Experiments for High School Science and En- Gineering Students
Paper ID #14540 MAKER: Piezoelectric Crystal Experiments for High School Science and En- gineering Students Mr. William H. Heeter, Porter High School Engineering Dept. My name is William (Bill) Heeter. I graduated from Texas A&M with an Engineering degree in 1973. I worked in Industrial Distribution for over 30 years before becoming a high school pre-engineering teacher. I have been teaching engineering and technology for the past 13 years. I have been a Master Teacher for ”Project Lead the Way”, CTE co-Director, CTE Building Chair, Technology Teacher. My students have received many awards and college scholarships. One group of students received a provisional U.S. Patent. Several students have seen their work actually produced by industry, including the ordering touch screens used by Bucky’s. Dr. Sheng-Jen ”Tony” Hsieh, Texas A&M University Dr. Sheng-Jen (”Tony”) Hsieh is a Professor in the Dwight Look College of Engineering at Texas A&M University. He holds a joint appointment with the Department of Engineering Technology and the De- partment of Mechanical Engineering. His research interests include engineering education, cognitive task analysis, automation, robotics and control, intelligent manufacturing system design, and micro/nano manufacturing. He is also the Director of the Rockwell Automation laboratory at Texas A&M University, a state-of-the-art facility for education and research in the areas of automation, control, and automated system integration. Dr. Jun Zou, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University Jun Zou received his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign in 2002. -
Physics 103/105 Lab Manual
Princeton University Physics Department Physics 103/105 Lab Manual Fall 2009 Physics 103/105 labs start Monday September 21, 2008. It's important that you go to the lab section that you signed up for. We will be expecting you! You should have a lab book and a scientific calculator when you come to your first lab. (See details in the Orientation section following.) Each week, before you come to lab: Read the procedure for that week's lab, and any additional reading required. The Prelab problems are optional, but please work them if it appears that they will be of help to you. Also, for the first week: Read the “Orientation to Physics 103/105 Lab” and “Error Analysis – Guidance and Reference Text” sections of this packet, and the assigned sections in Taylor. Physics 103 Course Director: Jim Olsen, [email protected], 258-4910 Physics 105 Course Director: David Huse, [email protected], 258-4407 Physics 103/105 Lab Manager: Kirk McDonald, [email protected], 258-6608 Technical Support: Jim Ewart, [email protected], 258-4381 Physics 103/105 Course Associate: Karen Kelly, [email protected], 258-54418 PHYSICS 103/105 LAB MANUAL Table of Contents Title Page Lab Schedule iii Orientation to Physics 103/105 lab v Error Analysis – Guidance and Reference Text xi Lab #1: Encountering the Equipment; Bouncing Balls, etc. 1 Lab #2: Describing Measurement Variability 17 Lab #3: Free Fall, Terminal Velocity 31 Lab #4: Collisions and Conservations 37 Lab #5: Inclined Planes and Energy Conservation 45 Lab #6: Two Nice Experiments in Rotational Motion 51 Lab #7: Fluids 57 Lab #8: Coupled Pendulums and Normal Modes 65 Lab #9: Precision Measurement of g 75 Lab #10: The Speed of Sound and Specific Heats of Gases 87 Appendix A: Data Analysis with Excel 97 ii Princeton University Physics 103/105 Lab, Fall 2008 Physics Department LAB SCHEDULE Remember: Always read the writeup and any reference material before coming to lab. -
Sem Subject Paper Code Category Credit 1 Mathematical Physics-1
Department of Physics, Presidency University Syllabus (w. e. f. July 2017) for 3-Year 6-Semester B. Sc. Degree Programme Sem Subject Paper Code Category Credit 1 Mathematical Physics-1 PHYS0101 Theoretical 4 Newtonian Mechanics PHYS0191 Lab-based Sessional 6 2 Electromagnetic Theory-1 PHYS0201 Theoretical 4 Physics Laboratory-1 PHYS0291 Lab-based Sessional 6 3 Mathematical Physics-2 PHYS0301 Theoretical 4 Electromagnetic Theory-2 PHYS0302 Theoretical 4 Physics Laboratory-2 PHYS0391 Lab-based Sessional 6 4 Classical Mechanics PHYS0401 Theoretical 4 Quantum Theory and Special PHYS0402 Theoretical 4 Relativity Physics Laboratory-3 PHYS0491 Lab-based Sessional 6 5 Quantum Mechanics PHYS0501 Theoretical 4 Electronics PHYS0502 Theoretical 4 Thermal and Statistical Physics PHYS0503 Theoretical 4 Physics Laboratory-4 PHYS0591 Lab-based Sessional (Numerical Methods and 6 Computing) Physics Laboratory-5 PHYS0592 Lab-based Sessional 6 6 Nuclear and Particle Physics PHYS0601 Theoretical 4 Solid State Physics PHYS0602 Theoretical 4 Elective Paper * PHYS0603 Theoretical 4 (Choice Based) Physics Laboratory-6 PHYS0691 Lab-based Sessional 6 Supervised Reading/Project PHYS0692 Choice based Sessional (theoretical or 6 experimental) *Options: Astrophysics and Cosmology, Analog and Digital Electronics, Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (not all electives will be offered every semester) Semester-1 PHYS0101: Mathematical Physics-1 [50 Lectures] Vector Algebra, Matrices and Vector Spaces [7] Fundamental operations: Scalars, vectors and equality, base vectors, Basic operations in vector space, scalar triple product, vector triple product, differentiation of vectors. Cartesian reference frames. Matrices: Functions of matrices transpose of matrices, the complex and Hermitian conjugates of a matrix, inverse of matrix. Special types of square matrix: Diagonal, triangular, symmetric, orthogonal, Hermitian, unitary. -
영어 우리말 a Balloon Satellite 기구 위성 a Posteriori Probability 후시
영어 우리말 a balloon satellite 기구 위성 a posteriori probability 후시(적) 확률, 사후 확률 a priori 선험- a priori distribution 선험 분포 a priori probability 선험 확률 Abbe prism 아베 프리즘, 아베 각기둥 Abbe's refractometer 아베 굴절계, 아베 꺾임 재개 Abelian group 아벨군, 아벨 무리, 가환군 aberration (1)수차 (2)광행차 abnormal birefringence 비정상 복굴절, 비정상 겹꺾임 abnormal glow discharge 비정상 글로 방전 abnormal liquid 비정상 액체 abnormal reflection 비정상 반사, 비정상 되비침 abnormal scattering 비정상 산란, 비정상 흩뜨림 A-bomb 원자 폭탄 [= atomic bomb] abrasion 마멸, 벗겨짐 abscissa 가로축, 횡축 absolute 절대- absolute ampere 절대 암페어「단위」 absolute convergence 절대 수렴 absolute counting 절대 수셈 absolute counting method 절대 수셈법 absolute differential calculus (1)절대 미분 (2)절대미분학 absolute electromagnetic unit 절대 전자기 단위 absolute electrometer 절대 전위계 absolute error 절대 오차 absolute galvanometer 절대 검류계 absolute humidity 절대 습도 absolute hygrometer 절대습도계 absolute luminosity 절대 광도 absolute magnetic well 절대 자기 우물 absolute magnitude 절대 크기 absolute measurement 절대 측정 absolute motion 절대 운동 absolute parallax 절대 시차 absolute pressure 절대 압력 absolute refractive index 절대 굴절률, 절대 꺾임률 absolute rest 절대 정지 absolute space 절대 공간 absolute system of units 절대 단위계 absolute temperature 절대 온도 absolute temperature scale 절대 온도 눈금 absolute time 절대 시간 absolute unit 절대 단위 absolute vacuum 절대 진공 absolute value 절대값 absolute viscosity 절대 점(성)도 absolute zero 절대 영도 absolute zero point 절대 영(도)점 absolute zero potential 절대 영퍼텐셜 absolutely convergent series 절대 수렴 급수 absorbance (1)흡수도 (2)흡광도 absorbancy (1)흡수도 (2)흡광도 absorbent (1)흡수제 (2)흡광제 absorber (1)흡수체, 흡수기 (2)흡광체 absorptance 흡수율 absorption (1)흡수 (2)흡광 (3)흡음 -
Pivot Library
Pivot Interactives by Subject Tag Biology • Mitosis in Onion Root Tips • Cell Size and Diffusion • Introduction to Acids and Bases • Environmental Effects on Hatching Brine Shrimp • Osmosis and Diffusion: Concentration, Membranes and Motion • Population Dynamics of Algae • Garden of Splendor • Transpiration Rates • Osmosis and Water Potential in Vegetables and Fruits • Plant Genetics – Single Trait Crosses • Animal Behavior: Brine Shrimp and Light • Exploring Respiration Rates • Introduction to Cellular Respiration • Introduction to Cellular Respiration – In Class Collaboration • Introduction to Photosynthesis • Colored Lights and Photosynthesis • Catalase Activity Investigation • Natural Selection of Yeas in Ethanol Environments • Heat of Combustion of Carbon Chains and Food • Gene Regulation: Yeast and Galactose • Comparing Human Respiration Before and After Running • Fruit Fly Genetics – Sex-linked Genes • Introduction to Fermentation • Measuring the Output of the Sun • TorQue and the Human Knee Joint Chemistry • Properties of Ionic and Covalent Bonded Substances • Solubility Rules • Masses of Gases • Stoichiometry Practice: Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid Reaction • Introduction to Acids and Bases • Introduction to Reversible Reactions • Introduction to Acid-Base Titrations • Enthalpy of Reaction: Acids and Bases with Limiting Reagents • Will it Float? (Calculating the Density of Gases) • Penny Isotopes: Determine the Percent Composition of Copper and Zinc Pennies • Introduction to Measurement • Buoyancy Problem • Temperature During -
Chapter 19/ Optical Properties
Chapter 19 /Optical Properties The four notched and transpar- ent rods shown in this photograph demonstrate the phenomenon of photoelasticity. When elastically deformed, the optical properties (e.g., index of refraction) of a photoelastic specimen become anisotropic. Using a special optical system and polarized light, the stress distribution within the speci- men may be deduced from inter- ference fringes that are produced. These fringes within the four photoelastic specimens shown in the photograph indicate how the stress concentration and distribu- tion change with notch geometry for an axial tensile stress. (Photo- graph courtesy of Measurements Group, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina.) Why Study the Optical Properties of Materials? When materials are exposed to electromagnetic radia- materials, we note that the performance of optical tion, it is sometimes important to be able to predict fibers is increased by introducing a gradual variation and alter their responses. This is possible when we are of the index of refraction (i.e., a graded index) at the familiar with their optical properties, and understand outer surface of the fiber. This is accomplished by the mechanisms responsible for their optical behaviors. the addition of specific impurities in controlled For example, in Section 19.14 on optical fiber concentrations. 766 Learning Objectives After careful study of this chapter you should be able to do the following: 1. Compute the energy of a photon given its fre- 5. Describe the mechanism of photon absorption quency and the value of Planck’s constant. for (a) high-purity insulators and semiconduc- 2. Briefly describe electronic polarization that re- tors, and (b) insulators and semiconductors that sults from electromagnetic radiation-atomic in- contain electrically active defects. -
Physics Handbook 2020-21
PHYSICS HANDBOOK 2020-21 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS ASHOKA UNIVERSITY 1 Contents 1. Introduction 2 ➢ Physics at Ashoka 2. Physics Major - Typical Trajectory 3 ➢ Year 1: Discovering College-level Physics ➢ Year 2: The Physics Core ➢ Year 3: Choosing a Direction and Bringing Physics Together 3. Physics Minor 6 4. General Information on the Physics courses 7 5. Description of Physics Courses 8 ➢ Compulsory Courses ➢ Proposed Electives 6. ASP Guidelines 30 7. TF/TA-ship Policy 32 8. ISM 32 9. Faculty 33 10. FAQs 39 2 Introduction Physics is, simultaneously, a doorway to some of the most beautiful and profound phenomena in the universe, e.g. black holes, supernovae, Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors; a driver of lifestyle-changing technology, e.g. engines, electricity, and transistors; and a powerful way of perceiving and analysing problems that can be applied in various domains, both within and outside standard physics. The beauty and profundity of the phenomena studied by physicists offer romance and excite passion, and the utility of its discoveries and the power of its methods arouse interest. These methods can be very intricate and demanding: theoretical physics requires a skilful combination of physical and mathematical thinking, and experimental physics requires in addition the ability to turn tentative ideas into physical devices that can put those ideas to the test. As a result, the successful practice of physics demands rigour, flexibility, mechanical adroitness, persistence, and great imagination. The physicist’s imagination is nourished not just by physics but also by other areas of human enquiry and thought, of the kind that an Ashoka undergraduate is expected to encounter.