DOCSLIB.ORG

1–20–06 Vol. 71 No. 13 Friday Jan. 20, 2006 Pages 3205–3408

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1–20–06 Vol. 71 No. 13 Friday Jan. 20, 2006 Pages 3205–3408 1–20–06 Friday Vol. 71 No. 13 Jan. 20, 2006 Pages 3205–3408 VerDate Aug 31 2005 16:55 Jan 19, 2006 Jkt 208001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\20JAWS.LOC 20JAWS sroberts on PROD1PC70 with RULES i II Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 13 / Friday, January 20, 2006 The FEDERAL REGISTER (ISSN 0097–6326) is published daily, SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Monday through Friday, except official holidays, by the Office PUBLIC of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Subscriptions: Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) and the regulations of the Administrative Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Committee of the Federal Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Assistance with public subscriptions 202–512–1806 Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is the exclusive distributor of the official General online information 202–512–1530; 1–888–293–6498 edition. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, DC. Single copies/back copies: The FEDERAL REGISTER provides a uniform system for making Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Assistance with public single copies 1–866–512–1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and (Toll-Free) Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published Subscriptions: by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest. Paper or fiche 202–741–6005 Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions 202–741–6005 Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the issuing agency requests earlier filing. For a list of documents currently on file for public inspection, see www.archives.gov. FEDERAL REGISTER WORKSHOP The seal of the National Archives and Records Administration authenticates the Federal Register as the official serial publication THE FEDERAL REGISTER: WHAT IT IS AND HOW TO USE IT established under the Federal Register Act. Under 44 U.S.C. 1507, the contents of the Federal Register shall be judicially noticed. FOR: Any person who uses the Federal Register and Code of Federal Regulations. The Federal Register is published in paper and on 24x microfiche. It is also available online at no charge as one of the databases WHO: Sponsored by the Office of the Federal Register. on GPO Access, a service of the U.S. Government Printing Office. WHAT: Free public briefings (approximately 3 hours) to present: The online edition of the Federal Register www.gpoaccess.gov/ nara, available through GPO Access, is issued under the authority 1. The regulatory process, with a focus on the Federal of the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register as the Register system and the public’s role in the development official legal equivalent of the paper and microfiche editions (44 of regulations. U.S.C. 4101 and 1 CFR 5.10). It is updated by 6 a.m. each day the Federal Register is published and includes both text and 2. The relationship between the Federal Register and graphics from Volume 59, Number 1 (January 2, 1994) forward. Code of Federal Regulations. For more information about GPO Access, contact the GPO Access 3. The important elements of typical Federal Register doc- User Support Team, call toll free 1-888-293-6498; DC area 202- uments. 512-1530; fax at 202-512-1262; or via e-mail at [email protected]. 4. An introduction to the finding aids of the FR/CFR sys- The Support Team is available between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. tem. Eastern Time, Monday–Friday, except official holidays. The annual subscription price for the Federal Register paper WHY: To provide the public with access to information nec- edition is $749 plus postage, or $808, plus postage, for a combined essary to research Federal agency regulations which di- Federal Register, Federal Register Index and List of CFR Sections rectly affect them. There will be no discussion of specific Affected (LSA) subscription; the microfiche edition of the Federal agency regulations. Register including the Federal Register Index and LSA is $165, llllllllllllllllll plus postage. Six month subscriptions are available for one-half the annual rate. The prevailing postal rates will be applied to WHEN: Tuesday, February 7, 2006 orders according to the delivery method requested. The price of a single copy of the daily Federal Register, including postage, 9:00 a.m.–Noon is based on the number of pages: $11 for an issue containing WHERE: Office of the Federal Register less than 200 pages; $22 for an issue containing 200 to 400 pages; and $33 for an issue containing more than 400 pages. Single issues Conference Room, Suite 700 of the microfiche edition may be purchased for $3 per copy, 800 North Capitol Street, NW. including postage. Remit check or money order, made payable Washington, DC 20002 to the Superintendent of Documents, or charge to your GPO Deposit Account, VISA, MasterCard, American Express, or RESERVATIONS: (202) 741–6008 Discover. Mail to: New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954; or call toll free 1-866- 512-1800, DC area 202-512-1800; or go to the U.S. Government Online Bookstore site, see bookstore.gpo.gov. There are no restrictions on the republication of material appearing in the Federal Register. How To Cite This Publication: Use the volume number and the page number. Example: 71 FR 12345. Postmaster: Send address changes to the Superintendent of Documents, Federal Register, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC 20402, along with the entire mailing label from the last issue received. VerDate Aug 31 2005 16:55 Jan 19, 2006 Jkt 208001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\20JAWS.LOC 20JAWS sroberts on PROD1PC70 with RULES III Contents Federal Register Vol. 71, No. 13 Friday, January 20, 2006 Agriculture Department Defense Department See Forest Service See Engineers Corps See Rural Housing Service See Navy Department See Rural Utilities Service PROPOSED RULES NOTICES Military justice: Agency information collection activities; proposals, Criminal jurisdiction over civilians employed by or submissions, and approvals, 3256 accompanying Armed Forces outside U.S., and service and former service members; withdrawn, Antitrust Division 3254 NOTICES Competitive impact statements and proposed consent Economic Development Administration judgments: NOTICES Marquee Holdings, Inc. and LCE Holdings, Inc., 3327– Adjustment assistance; applications, determinations, etc. 3340 M.M.D. Mountain Mold & Die, Inc., et al., 3259–3260 Army Department Election Assistance Commission See Engineers Corps NOTICES Meetings; Sunshine Act, 3278–3279 Blind or Severely Disabled, Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Employment and Training Administration See Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind NOTICES or Severely Disabled Agency information collection activities; proposals, submissions, and approvals, 3340 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Energy Department NOTICES See Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Agency information collection activities; proposals, NOTICES submissions, and approvals, 3305–3307 Reports and guidance documents; availability, etc.: Meetings: Potomac River Generating System, VA; emergency order Clinical Laboratory Improvement Advisory Committee, to resume limited operations in response to 3307 electricity reliability concerns in Washington, D.C., Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory 3279–3281 Committee, 3307–3308 Engineers Corps Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services NOTICES NOTICES Environmental statements; availability, etc.: Agency information collection activities; proposals, Baltimore Harbor; MD; dredged material management submissions, and approvals, 3308–3309 plan, 3275–3276 Civil Rights Commission Environmental Protection Agency NOTICES RULES Meetings; State advisory committees: Hazardous waste program authorizations: Alaska, 3259 Ohio, 3220–3227 Superfund program: Commerce Department National oil and hazardous substances contingency plan See Economic Development Administration priorities list See National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Correction, 3227–3228 NOTICES Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or Agency information collection activities; proposals, Severely Disabled submissions, and approvals, 3289–3290 NOTICES Environmental statements; availability, etc.: Agency information collection activities; proposals, Agency comment availability, 3290–3291 submissions, and approvals, 3258 Agency weekly receipts, 3291–3292 Procurement list; additions and deletions, 3258–3259 Meetings: California State nonroad engine and vehicle pollution Customs and Border Protection Bureau control standards; transportation refrigeration units NOTICES and generator sets, 3292 Automation Program test: Endangered Species Protection Program; field Automated Commercial Environment— implementation, 3292–3293 Periodic monthly payment statement process; Solid waste: modification of estimated duties and fees, 3315– Municipal solid waste landfills permit programs— 3316 Wisconsin, 3293 VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:56 Jan 19, 2006 Jkt 208001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4748 Sfmt 4748 E:\FR\FM\20JACN.SGM 20JACN sroberts on PROD1PC70 with RULES IV Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 13 / Friday, January 20, 2006 / Contents Executive Office of the President St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, FL, 3317–3319 See Presidential Documents Meetings: Endangered
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Daylight Saving Time
    Daylight Saving Time Beth Cook Information Research Specialist March 9, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44411 Daylight Saving Time Summary Daylight Saving Time (DST) is a period of the year between spring and fall when clocks in the United States are set one hour ahead of standard time. DST is currently observed in the United States from 2:00 a.m. on the second Sunday in March until 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday in November. The following states and territories do not observe DST: Arizona (except the Navajo Nation, which does observe DST), Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. Congressional Research Service Daylight Saving Time Contents When and Why Was Daylight Saving Time Enacted? .................................................................... 1 Has the Law Been Amended Since Inception? ................................................................................ 2 Which States and Territories Do Bot Observe DST? ...................................................................... 2 What Other Countries Observe DST? ............................................................................................. 2 Which Federal Agency Regulates DST in the United States? ......................................................... 3 How Does an Area Move on or off DST? ....................................................................................... 3 How Can States and Territories Change an Area’s Time Zone? .....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cava of Toledo; Or, the Gothic Princess
    Author: Augusta Amelia Stuart Title: Cava of Toledo; or, the Gothic Princess Place of publication: London Publisher: Printed at the Minerva-Press, for A. K. Newman and Co. Date of publication: 1812 Edition: 1st ed. Number of volumes: 5 CAVA OF TOLEDO. A ROMANCE. Lane, Darling, and Co. Leadenhall-Street. CAVA OF TOLEDO; OR, The Gothic Princess. A ROMANCE. IN FIVE VOLUMES BY AUGUSTA AMELIA STUART, AUTHOR OF LUDOVICO’S TALE; THE ENGLISH BROTHERS; EXILE OF PORTUGAL, &c. &c. Fierce wars, and faithful loves, And truths severe, in fairy fiction drest. VOL. I. LONDON: PRINTED AT THE Minerva Press, FOR A. K. NEWMAN AND CO. LEADENHALL-STREET. 1812. PREFACE. THE author of the following sheets, struck by the account historians have given of the fall of the Gothic empire in Spain, took the story of Cava for the foundation of a romance: whether she has succeeded or not in rendering it interesting, must be left to her readers to judge. She thinks it, however, necessary to say she has not falsified history; all relating to the war is exact: the real characters she has endeavoured to delineate such as they were; —Rodrigo—count Julian—don Palayo—Abdalesis, the Moor—queen Egilone—Musa—and Tariff, are drawn as the Spanish history represents them. Cava was never heard of from her quitting Spain with her father; of course, her adventures, from that period, are the coinage of the author’s brain. The enchanted palace, which Rodrigo broke into, is mentioned in history. Her fictitious characters she has moulded to her own will; and has found it a much more difficult task than she expected, to write an historical romance, and adhere to the truth, while she endeavoured to embellish it.
    [Show full text]
  • Daylight Saving Time (DST)
    Daylight Saving Time (DST) Updated September 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45208 Daylight Saving Time (DST) Summary Daylight Saving Time (DST) is a period of the year between spring and fall when clocks in most parts of the United States are set one hour ahead of standard time. DST begins on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November. The beginning and ending dates are set in statute. Congressional interest in the potential benefits and costs of DST has resulted in changes to DST observance since it was first adopted in the United States in 1918. The United States established standard time zones and DST through the Calder Act, also known as the Standard Time Act of 1918. The issue of consistency in time observance was further clarified by the Uniform Time Act of 1966. These laws as amended allow a state to exempt itself—or parts of the state that lie within a different time zone—from DST observance. These laws as amended also authorize the Department of Transportation (DOT) to regulate standard time zone boundaries and DST. The time period for DST was changed most recently in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58). Congress has required several agencies to study the effects of changes in DST observance. In 1974, DOT reported that the potential benefits to energy conservation, traffic safety, and reductions in violent crime were minimal. In 2008, the Department of Energy assessed the effects to national energy consumption of extending DST as changed in EPACT 2005 and found a reduction in total primary energy consumption of 0.02%.
    [Show full text]
  • Bill Analysis
    HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FINAL BILL ANALYSIS BILL #: HB 1013 FINAL HOUSE FLOOR ACTION: SUBJECT/SHORT Daylight Saving Time 103 Y’s 11 N’s TITLE SPONSOR(S): Nuñez; Fitzenhagen and others GOVERNOR’S Approved ACTION: COMPANION CS/CS/SB 858 BILLS: SUMMARY ANALYSIS HB 1013 passed the House on February 14, 2018, and subsequently passed the Senate on March 6, 2018. The bill declares the Legislature’s intent to observe Daylight Saving Time year-round throughout the entire state if federal law is amended to permit states to take such action. The bill does not appear to have a fiscal impact. The bill was approved by the Governor on March 23, 2018, ch. 2018-99, L.O.F., and will become effective on July 1, 2018. This document does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives. STORAGE NAME: h1013z1.LFV.docx DATE: March 28, 2018 I. SUBSTANTIVE INFORMATION A. EFFECT OF CHANGES: Present Situation The Standard Time Act of 1918 In 1918, the United States enacted the Standard Time Act, which adopted a national standard measure of time, created five standard time zones across the continental U.S., and instituted Daylight Saving Time (DST) nationwide as a war effort during World War I.1 DST advanced standard time by one hour from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October.2 DST was repealed after the war but the standard time provisions remained in place.3 During World War II, a national DST standard was revived and extended year-round from 1942 to 1945.4 Uniform Time Act of 1966 Following World War
    [Show full text]
  • America's Defense Meltdown
    AMERICA’S DEFENSE MELTDOWN ★ ★ ★ Pentagon Reform for President Obama and the New Congress 13 non-partisan Pentagon insiders, retired military officers & defense specialists speak out The World Security Institute’s Center for Defense Information (CDI) provides expert analysis on various components of U.S. national security, international security and defense policy. CDI promotes wide-ranging discussion and debate on security issues such as nuclear weapons, space security, missile defense, small arms and military transformation. CDI is an independent monitor of the Pentagon and Armed Forces, conducting re- search and analyzing military spending, policies and weapon systems. It is comprised of retired senior government officials and former military officers, as well as experi- enced defense analysts. Funded exclusively by public donations and foundation grants, CDI does not seek or accept Pentagon money or military industry funding. CDI makes its military analyses available to Congress, the media and the public through a variety of services and publications, and also provides assistance to the federal government and armed services upon request. The views expressed in CDI publications are those of the authors. World Security Institute’s Center for Defense Information 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. 20036-2109 © 2008 Center for Defense Information ISBN-10: 1-932019-33-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-932019-33-9 America’s Defense Meltdown PENTAGON REFORM FOR PRESIDENT OBAMA AND THE NEW CONGRESS 13 non-partisan Pentagon insiders, retired military officers & defense specialists speak out Edited by Winslow T. Wheeler Washington, D.C. November 2008 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Thomas Christie began his career in the Department of Defense and related positions in 1955.
    [Show full text]
  • Spotlight on Financial Justice Understanding Global Inequalities to Overcome Financial Injustice
    Spotlight on financial justice Understanding global inequalities to overcome financial injustice Funded by the European Union 1 Front cover image: Change Finance stunt outside the Bank of England on 15 September 2018, marking the 10-year anniversary of the financial crisis.Photo credit: Matti Kohonen. This content was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Citizens for Financial Justice and do not necessarily reflect Funded by the the views of the European Union. Individual chapters were produced by the authors and European Union contributors specified and do not necessarily reflect the views of all Citizens for Financial Justice partners, although all partners share the broad concerns and principles presented. Who we are Citizens for Financial Justice Informing, connecting and empowering citizens to act together to make the global finance system work better for everyone. We are a diverse group of European partners – from local grassroots groups to large international organizations. Together, we aim to inform and connect citizens to act together to make the global financial system work better for everyone. We are funded by the European Union and aim to support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by mobilizing EU citizens to support effective financing for development (FfD). citizensforfinancialjustice.org twitter.com/financing4dev Authors and contributors This report was compiled by Citizens for Financial Justice partners and other contributors, coordinated by Flora Sonkin and Stefano Prato, Society for International Development (SID); Ida Quarteyson and Matti Kohonen, Christian Aid; and Nicola Scherer, Debt Observatory in Globalisation (ODG). Overview: Flora Sonkin and Stefano Prato, Society for International Development (SID); with support from Matti Kohonen, Christian Aid.
    [Show full text]
  • 121012-AAS-221 Program-14-ALL, Page 253 @ Preflight
    221ST MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 6-10 January 2013 LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA Scientific sessions will be held at the: Long Beach Convention Center 300 E. Ocean Blvd. COUNCIL.......................... 2 Long Beach, CA 90802 AAS Paper Sorters EXHIBITORS..................... 4 Aubra Anthony ATTENDEE Alan Boss SERVICES.......................... 9 Blaise Canzian Joanna Corby SCHEDULE.....................12 Rupert Croft Shantanu Desai SATURDAY.....................28 Rick Fienberg Bernhard Fleck SUNDAY..........................30 Erika Grundstrom Nimish P. Hathi MONDAY........................37 Ann Hornschemeier Suzanne H. Jacoby TUESDAY........................98 Bethany Johns Sebastien Lepine WEDNESDAY.............. 158 Katharina Lodders Kevin Marvel THURSDAY.................. 213 Karen Masters Bryan Miller AUTHOR INDEX ........ 245 Nancy Morrison Judit Ries Michael Rutkowski Allyn Smith Joe Tenn Session Numbering Key 100’s Monday 200’s Tuesday 300’s Wednesday 400’s Thursday Sessions are numbered in the Program Book by day and time. Changes after 27 November 2012 are included only in the online program materials. 1 AAS Officers & Councilors Officers Councilors President (2012-2014) (2009-2012) David J. Helfand Quest Univ. Canada Edward F. Guinan Villanova Univ. [email protected] [email protected] PAST President (2012-2013) Patricia Knezek NOAO/WIYN Observatory Debra Elmegreen Vassar College [email protected] [email protected] Robert Mathieu Univ. of Wisconsin Vice President (2009-2015) [email protected] Paula Szkody University of Washington [email protected] (2011-2014) Bruce Balick Univ. of Washington Vice-President (2010-2013) [email protected] Nicholas B. Suntzeff Texas A&M Univ. suntzeff@aas.org Eileen D. Friel Boston Univ. [email protected] Vice President (2011-2014) Edward B. Churchwell Univ. of Wisconsin Angela Speck Univ. of Missouri [email protected] [email protected] Treasurer (2011-2014) (2012-2015) Hervey (Peter) Stockman STScI Nancy S.
    [Show full text]
  • Degrees of Freedom
    February 2015 D of F EXPANDING COLLEGE OPPORTUNITIES for Currently and Formerly Incarcerated Californians Stanford Criminal Justice Center Chief Justice Earl Warren Stanford Law School Institute on Law and Social Policy UC Berkeley School of Law DEGREES OF FREEDOM: Expanding College Opportunities for Currently and Formerly Incarcerated Californians February 2015 A report of the Renewing Communities Initiative Acknowledgements This report was co-written by Debbie Mukamal, Rebecca Silbert, and Rebecca M. Taylor. This report is part of a larger initiative – Renewing Communities – to expand college opportunities for currently and formerly incarcerated students in California. Nicole Lindahl was a contributing author; Nicole Lindahl and Laura Van Tassel also provided research assistance for this report. The research and publication of this report has been supported by the Ford Foundation. The authors thank Douglas Wood of the Ford Foundation for his vision and leadership which catapulted this report. The authors are grateful to the many people who provided information, experience, and guidance in the development of this report. These individuals are listed in Appendix A. Any errors or misstatements in this report are the responsibility of the authors; the recommendations made herein may, or may not, be supported by the individuals listed in Appendix A. Founded in 2005, the Stanford Criminal Justice Center serves as a research and policy institute on issues related to the criminal justice system. Its efforts are geared towards both generating policy research for the public sector, as well as providing pedagogical opportunities to Stanford Law School students with academic or career interests in criminal law and crime policy.
    [Show full text]
  • 612 Part 71—Standard Time Zone Boundaries
    § 41.125 49 CFR Subtitle A (10±1±96 Edition) the BOCA National and SBCC Standard the Stafford Act after a Presidentially building codes. The seismic zone map declared major disaster or emergency in the ICBO Uniform Building Code is when assistance actions involve new also based on one of the USGS maps of construction or total replacement of a horizontal ground acceleration. How- building. ever, the ICBO map should be used only with the ICBO code. Also, it is not ap- § 41.125 Judicial review. propriate to use the NEHRP maps with Nothing in this part is intended to the ICBO Uniform Building Code, be- create any right or benefit, substantive cause the design requirements of build- or procedural, enforceable at law by a ing codes are keyed to the numerical party against the DOT, its Operating values of the map they reference. Administrations, its officers, or any (c) Revisions to the model codes list- person. ed in paragraph (b) of this section that are substantially equivalent to or ex- ceed the then current or immediately PART 71ÐSTANDARD TIME ZONE preceding edition of the NEHRP rec- BOUNDARIES ommended provisions, as it is updated, may be approved by a DOT Operating Sec. Administration to meet the require- 71.1 Limits defined; exceptions authorized ments in this part. for certain rail operating purposes only. (d) State, county, local, or other ju- 71.2 Annual advancement of standard time. risdictional building ordinances adopt- 71.3 Atlantic zone. 71.4 Eastern zone. ing and enforcing the model codes, list- 71.5 Boundary line between eastern and ed in paragraph (b) of this section, in central zones.
    [Show full text]
  • Testimonies of Coordinated Stalking by Multiple Persons from California Residents and Former California Residents
    Testimonies of Coordinated Stalking by Multiple Persons from California Residents and Former California Residents Testimonies of 90 persons include: • Results of reporting the crimes to law enforcement • Results from visits to mental health professionals • Net results on victim’s lives as a result of the crimes !1 Date: 7/17/19 Your Full Name: Ilona Gazarova City: San Francisco Zip Code: 94103 Please write a brief summary of your experience with coordinated stalking only: I'm systematically subjected to organized stalking, surveillance and harassment by people in my neighborhood and countless individuals whenever I leave my home. I am followed on the streets, to stores, parks, restaurants, public restrooms, doctor appointments, and every other place I go to. I was under surveillance and bullied at three different places of employment. I am also stalked by perpetrators in vehicles. Tracking appears to be accomplished with the help of devices the perpetrators carry in backpacks, by watching, and use of cell phones which they always have in hand and often point in my direction. When going places I looked up online or mentioned in a phone conversation, there will be people standing around that place when I arrive, all looking directly at me, with cellphones in hand. If I'm walking into a building, two to three of those waiting, will walk in with me. These perpetrators often make eye contact to let me know I'm being watched. I have constant interference with normal flow of daily life, making almost every task difficult or impossible. Perpetrators can access all of my online communication, bank and credit card statements, my online medical record, pharmacy prescriptions, cell phone texts, and listen to all conversations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Punishment Bureaucracy: How to Think About “Criminal Justice Reform” Alec Karakatsanis1
    THE YALE LAW JOURNAL FORUM M ARCH 28, 2019 The Punishment Bureaucracy: How to Think About “Criminal Justice Reform” Alec Karakatsanis1 [W]e do not expect people to be deeply moved by what is not unusual. That element of tragedy which lies in the very fact of frequency, has not yet wrought itself into the coarse emotion of mankind; and perhaps our frames could hardly bear much of it. If we had a keen vision and feeling of all ordinary human life, it would be like hearing the grass grow and the squirrel’s heart beat, and we should die of that roar which lies on the other side of silence. —Mary Ann Evans, Middlemarch2 i On January 26, 2014, Sharnalle Mitchell was sitting on her couch with her one-year-old daughter on her lap and her four-year-old son to her side. Armed government agents entered her home, put her in metal restraints, took her from her children, and brought her to the Montgomery City Jail. Jail staff told Shar- nalle that she owed the city money for old traffic tickets. The City had privatized the collection of her debts to a for-profit “probation company,” which had sought a warrant for her arrest. I happened to be sitting in the courtroom on the morn- ing that Sharnalle was brought to court, along with dozens of other people who had been jailed because they owed the city money. The judge demanded that 1. The views expressed are my own and do not necessarily represent the views of anyone else, including Civil Rights Corps.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Year-Round Daylight Saving Time a Good Idea? Maybe Not
    SenatorReady_FAV_SB0517 Uploaded by: Senator Ready, Senator Ready Position: FAV March, 05 Senate Bill 517: General Provisions - Standard Time - Year-Round Daylight Saving Time Chairman Pinsky, Vice Chair Kagan, members of the Committee, I am here today to present SB 517 which would signal Maryland’s desire to remain on Daylight Saving Time year round. To date, forty-two states are entertaining or have passed legislation on the issue while two—Arizona and Hawaii—only observe their respective standard times. Daylight Saving Time was initially implemented during World War I to save energy, but maintained unexpected popularity among Americans after the war, and was re-introduced year round during World War II for the same energy saving reasons.1 However, with the technological advances we have realized today there is no significant energy saving associated with the time change process. What has not changed, on the other hand, is the continued popularity of Daylight Time among Americans and their desire to make it permanent. The Federal Uniform Time Act of 1966—which codified Daylight Saving Time at the federal level—has been amended twice; both times extended the Daylight Saving period. The most recent change was a 2005 amendment which took effect in 2007. These changes to the original Act demonstrate the flexibility of time adjustment and offer precedent when considering changes at the state level. The Federal Uniform Time Act currently allows states to adopt the Standard Time of their current time zone, but not Daylight Time. The purpose of passing this bill would be to add our name to the list of states asking the federal government to amend the Act and allow us to adopt Daylight Time permanently.
    [Show full text]