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{DOWNLOAD} Israel/Palestine Pdf Free Download ISRAEL/PALESTINE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Alan Dowty | 280 pages | 19 Jun 2012 | Polity Press | 9780745656120 | English | Oxford, United Kingdom What are Israel and Palestine? Why are they fighting? - Vox Read Next. Biden-Poroshenko call leaked, shedding light on secrets ke This story has been shared , times. View author archive email the author follow on twitter Get author RSS feed. Name required. Email required. Comment required. More On: israel. Smoke and flames rise after Israeli war planes carried out airstrikes on Khan Younis, in the southern Gaza Strip. AFP via Getty Images. Up Next Close The whopping sum insurance companies may pay out over riots. Back Continue. Read Next Biden-Poroshenko call leaked, shedding light on secrets ke Share Selection. Joe insults allies, media shrug and other commentary. Mormon rivals in Utah gov race do the unthinkable amid uber-partisan Both sides accepted Clinton's plan [53] [58] [59] and it became the basis for the negotiations at the Taba Peace summit the following January. The proposition removed the "temporarily Israeli controlled" areas, and the Palestinian side accepted this as a basis for further negotiation. With Israeli elections looming the talks ended without an agreement but the two sides issued a joint statement attesting to the progress they had made: "The sides declare that they have never been closer to reaching an agreement and it is thus our shared belief that the remaining gaps could be bridged with the resumption of negotiations following the Israeli elections. Sharon's new government chose not to resume the high-level talks. This plan did not attempt to resolve difficult questions such as the fate of Jerusalem or Israeli settlements, but left that to be negotiated in later phases of the process. The proposal never made it beyond the first phase, whose goals called for a halt to both Israeli settlement construction and Israeli—Palestinian violence. Neither goal has been achieved as of November The peace initiative is a proposed solution to the Arab—Israeli conflict as a whole, and the Israeli—Palestinian conflict in particular. The initiative was initially published on 28 March , at the Beirut Summit, and agreed upon again in in the Riyadh Summit. It offered full normalization of relations with Israel, in exchange for the withdrawal of its forces from all the occupied territories, including the Golan Heights , to recognize "an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital" in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, as well as a "just solution" for the Palestinian refugees. A number of Israeli officials have responded to the initiative with both support and criticism. The Israeli government has expressed reservations on 'red line,' issues such as the Palestinian refugee problem, homeland security concerns, and the nature of Jerusalem. The peace process has been predicated on a "two-state solution" thus far, but questions have been raised towards both sides' resolve to end the dispute. Daniel Abraham, an American entrepreneur and founder of the Center for Middle East Peace in Washington, US, published on the website of the Atlantic magazine in March , cited the following statistics: "Right now, the total number of Jews and Arabs living At the moment, a shade under 50 percent of the population is Jewish. Israel has had its settlement growth and policies in the Palestinian territories harshly criticized by the European Union citing it as increasingly undermining the viability of the two-state solution and running in contrary to the Israeli-stated commitment to resume negotiations. Britain said that the move was a breach of Israeli commitments under the road map to freeze all settlement expansion in the land captured since The British Foreign Minister stated that the "Systematic, illegal Israeli settlement activity poses the most significant and live threat to the viability of the two state solution". The last of which was the thousands of settler march in East Jerusalem which included slogans inciting to kill, hate and supports violence". In a report published in February covering incidents over the three-year period of —, Amnesty International asserted that Israeli forces employed reckless violence in the West Bank, and in some instances appeared to engage in wilful killings which would be tantamount to war crimes. Besides the numerous fatalities, Amnesty said at least Palestinians, including 67 children, had been gravely injured by Israeli use of live ammunition. In this same period, 45 Palestinians, including 6 children had been killed. Amnesty's review of 25 civilians deaths concluded that in no case was there evidence of the Palestinians posing an imminent threat. At the same time, over 8, Palestinians suffered serious injuries from other means, including rubber-coated metal bullets. The soldier was demoted and given a 1-year sentence with a five-month suspension. The IDF answered the charges stating that its army held itself "to the highest of professional standards," adding that when there was suspicion of wrongdoing, it investigated and took action "where appropriate". Following the Oslo Accords, which was to set up regulative bodies to rein in frictions, Palestinian incitement against Israel, Jews, and Zionism continued, parallel with Israel's pursuance of settlements in the Palestinian territories, [80] though under Abu Mazen it has reportedly dwindled significantly. Both parties to the conflict have been criticized by third-parties for teaching incitement to their children by downplaying each side's historical ties to the area, teaching propagandist maps, or indoctrinate their children to one day join the armed forces. The PLO have campaigned for full member status for the state of Palestine at the UN and for recognition on the borders. A campaign that has received widespread support, [90] [91] though it has been criticised by the US and Israel for allegedly avoiding bilateral negotiation. Polling data has produced mixed results regarding the level of support among Palestinians for the two-state solution. A poll was carried out in by the Hebrew University; it indicated that support for a two-state solution was growing among both Israelis and Palestinians. The following outlined positions are the official positions of the two parties; however, it is important to note that neither side holds a single position. Both the Israeli and the Palestinian sides include both moderate and extremist bodies as well as dovish and hawkish bodies. One of the primary obstacles to resolving the Israeli—Palestinian conflict is a deep-set and growing distrust between its participants. Unilateral strategies and the rhetoric of hardline political factions, coupled with violence and incitements by civilians against one another, have fostered mutual embitterment and hostility and a loss of faith in the peace process. Support among Palestinians for Hamas is considerable, and as its members consistently call for the destruction of Israel and violence remains a threat, security becomes a prime concern for many Israelis. The expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank has led the majority of Palestinians to believe that Israel is not committed to reaching an agreement, but rather to a pursuit of establishing permanent control over this territory in order to provide that security. The control of Jerusalem is a particularly delicate issue, with each side asserting claims over the city. The three largest Abrahamic religions —Judaism, Christianity, and Islam— hold Jerusalem as an important setting for their religious and historical narratives. Jerusalem is the holiest city for Judaism, being the former location of the Jewish temples on the Temple Mount and the capital of the ancient Israelite kingdom. The Israeli government, including the Knesset and Supreme Court , is located in the "new city" of West Jerusalem and has been since Israel's founding in In , Israel passed the Jerusalem Law declaring "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel. Many countries do not recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital, notable exceptions being Israel, the United States, [] and Russia. As of , there were more than , people living in Jerusalem; , were Jews mostly living in West Jerusalem and , were Muslims mostly living in East Jerusalem. At the Camp David and Taba Summits in —, the United States proposed a plan in which the Arab parts of Jerusalem would be given to the proposed Palestinian state while the Jewish parts of Jerusalem were given to Israel. All archaeological work under the Temple Mount would be jointly controlled by the Israeli and Palestinian governments. Both sides accepted the proposal in principle, but the summits ultimately failed. Israel expresses concern over the security of its residents if neighborhoods of Jerusalem are placed under Palestinian control. Jerusalem has been a prime target for attacks by militant groups against civilian targets since Many Jewish neighborhoods have been fired upon from Arab areas. The proximity of the Arab areas, if these regions were to fall in the boundaries of a Palestinian state, would be so close as to threaten the safety of Jewish residents. Israel has concerns regarding the welfare of Jewish holy places under possible Palestinian control. When Jerusalem was under Jordanian control, no Jews were allowed to visit the Western Wall or other Jewish holy places, and the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives was desecrated. Settlers established a yeshiva, installed a Torah scroll and covered the mihrab. During the Second Intifada the site was looted and burned. Palestinians have voiced concerns regarding the welfare of Christian and Muslim holy places under Israeli control. Palestinian refugees are people who lost both their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the Arab—Israeli conflict [] and the Six-Day War. The remainder live in and around the cities and towns of these host countries. Most of these people were born outside Israel, but are descendants of original Palestinian refugees. However, according to reports of private peace negotiations with Israel they have countenanced the return of only 10, refugees and their families to Israel as part of a peace settlement.
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