Introduction to the History of Communication: Evolutions and Revolutions Pdf, Epub, Ebook

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Introduction to the History of Communication: Evolutions and Revolutions Pdf, Epub, Ebook INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION: EVOLUTIONS AND REVOLUTIONS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Terence P. Moran | 382 pages | 19 Jul 2010 | Peter Lang Publishing Inc | 9781433104121 | English | New York, United States C: Lenski’s Sociological Evolution Approach - Social Sci LibreTexts Ledi-Geraru , Ethiopia : rounded chin as Australopithecus afarensis , but smaller and slimmer molars as the later Homo habilis. Homo habilis in Africa , using stone tools for cleaving meat from bone. Homo antecessor Atapuerca , Spain , closely related to the last common ancestor of Neanderthals, Denisovans and modern humans. Homo sapiens enters Eurasia Greece , probably one of multiple dispersals of early modern humans out of Africa. Hunter-gatherer nomads. Homo sapiens in Eurasia co-existing with Homo floresiensis soon extinct and Homo luzonensis , interbreeding with Neanderthals and Denisovans. Full language. Anatomically modern humans henceforth the only hominin. Production systems that already have computer technology are expanded by a network connection and have a digital twin on the Internet so to speak. These allow communication with other facilities and the output of information about themselves. This is the next step in production automation. The networking of all systems leads to " cyber-physical production systems " and therefore smart factories , in which production systems , components and people communicate via a network and production is nearly autonomous. Desoutter Industrial Tools. Industry 4. Home Industry 4. Discover our Industry 4. Want to get more details or a quotation? It will remain in continuous operation until October 2, Ink Jet Printer Technology Created. Com domain name, symbolics. First release of Microsoft Office. Windows NT 3. Craig Newmark creates craigslist to allow free online classified advertisements. Industrial Revolution - From Industry to Industry - Desoutter Industrial Tools Homo habilis in Africa , using stone tools for cleaving meat from bone. Homo antecessor Atapuerca , Spain , closely related to the last common ancestor of Neanderthals, Denisovans and modern humans. Homo sapiens enters Eurasia Greece , probably one of multiple dispersals of early modern humans out of Africa. Hunter-gatherer nomads. Homo sapiens in Eurasia co-existing with Homo floresiensis soon extinct and Homo luzonensis , interbreeding with Neanderthals and Denisovans. Full language. Anatomically modern humans henceforth the only hominin. Agricultural farming and settlements. Empires and conquests. Reformation, splitting the universal Christian world into sects Martin Luther, Germany, Scientific Revolution. Industrial Revolution. Com domain name, symbolics. First release of Microsoft Office. Windows NT 3. Craig Newmark creates craigslist to allow free online classified advertisements. In 12 months number of Internet host computers goes from 1 million to 10 million Windows NT 4. Apple Computer unveils the iMac. Critical industries such as electricity or financial and government functions could stop working at AM, January 1, This fear was fuelled by the press coverage and other media speculation, as well as corporate and government reports. All over the world companies and organizations checked and upgraded their computer systems. ​Introduction to the History of Communication on Apple Books Timeline of the Human Condition Ledi-Geraru , Ethiopia : rounded chin as Australopithecus afarensis , but smaller and slimmer molars as the later Homo habilis 2,, rise of co-existing hominin genus Paranthropus East Africa 2,, earliest stone tools produced by humans Gona , Ethiopia : Oldowan tools, chopping through flesh, bone, bark 2,, start of the current geological period of Quaternary glaciation 2,, Homo habilis in Africa , using stone tools for cleaving meat from bone 2,, earliest evidence of human ancestors outside of Africa: tool-using hominins in Shangchen , southern China 2,, early Homo erectus , direct ancestor of modern humans, coexisting with Australopithecus soon extinct and Paranthropus Drimolen , South Africa : enlarged brain and smaller teeth 1,, migrations of Homo erectus from Africa to Eurasia Georgia ; to Java by 1. Out of Africa? Industrial Revolution mass production of spun textiles, mechanised by water power; steam powered production of iron and steel UK, c. Patrick Doncaster , 13 December , one of the then 7,,, rising by per minute, 77 million per year. Timeline of the Human Condition. Ledi- Geraru , Ethiopia : rounded chin as Australopithecus afarensis , but smaller and slimmer molars as the later Homo habilis. Homo habilis in Africa , using stone tools for cleaving meat from bone. Homo antecessor Atapuerca , Spain , closely related to the last common ancestor of Neanderthals, Denisovans and modern humans. Homo sapiens enters Eurasia Greece , probably one of multiple dispersals of early modern humans out of Africa. Hunter-gatherer nomads. Homo sapiens in Eurasia co-existing with Homo floresiensis soon extinct and Homo luzonensis , interbreeding with Neanderthals and Denisovans. Ink Jet Printer Technology Created. Com domain name, symbolics. First release of Microsoft Office. Windows NT 3. Craig Newmark creates craigslist to allow free online classified advertisements. In 12 months number of Internet host computers goes from 1 million to 10 million Windows NT 4. Apple Computer unveils the iMac. Critical industries such as electricity or financial and government functions could stop working at AM, January 1, This fear was fuelled by the press coverage and other media speculation, as well as corporate and government reports. Introduction to the History of Communication In the first stage, information is passed by genes. In the second state, with the development of agriculture, humans are able to pass information through individual experience. In the third, humans begin to use signs and develop logic. In the fourth, they create symbols, and develop language and writing. Human reproductive capacity exceeds the available resources in the environment. Thus, Lenski concludes, human populations are limited by their capability of food production. Key Points Sociocultural evolution is an umbrella term for theories of cultural evolution and social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have changed over time. Lanski views technological progress as the most basic factor in the evolution of societies and cultures. Lanski distinguishes four stages of human development, based on advances in the history of communication. In these four stages, information is passed on in this order: genetically, individually, through signs, and lastly, through symbols or language. Key Terms shared culture : Lenski claims that members of a society are united by a shared culture, although cultural patterns become more diverse as a society gains more complex technology and information. Craig Newmark creates craigslist to allow free online classified advertisements. In 12 months number of Internet host computers goes from 1 million to 10 million Windows NT 4. Apple Computer unveils the iMac. Critical industries such as electricity or financial and government functions could stop working at AM, January 1, This fear was fuelled by the press coverage and other media speculation, as well as corporate and government reports. All over the world companies and organizations checked and upgraded their computer systems. Many of these are used in poster design or advertising, where their ornamental nature can stand out. This concludes our dive into the mesmerizing, and sometimes confusing world of typographic classification. You can opt out at any time by clicking the link in the footer of our emails. See our Privacy Notice for more information. We would like to keep you posted on our type essentials - not too often, though. We hate spam too. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not directly store personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but then some parts of the site will not work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information. We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners. For more information, please read our Privacy policy. History and Evolution of Typography From the streets of ancient Rome to Gutenberg's printing press, this is the timeline of typography. About the authors Konstantin Kirilov. Freelance writer and editor, University of Amsterdam graduate. Words matter. Nikolay Petroussenko.
Recommended publications
  • Hominin Occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau Since About 2.1
    LETTER https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0299-4 Hominin occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau since about 2.1 million years ago Zhaoyu Zhu1,2*, Robin Dennell3*, Weiwen Huang2,4, Yi Wu5, Shifan Qiu6, Shixia Yang4,7, Zhiguo Rao8, Yamei Hou2,4, Jiubing Xie9, Jiangwei Han10 & Tingping Ouyang1,11 Considerable attention has been paid to dating the earliest recording of polarity reversals in loess20, we date each unit to within a appearance of hominins outside Africa. The earliest skeletal and precessional cycle rather than to the 1-thousand-year precision of the artefactual evidence for the genus Homo in Asia currently comes Chiloparts timescale. from Dmanisi, Georgia, and is dated to approximately 1.77–1.85 The main palaeoanthropological limitation of the Loess Plateau is million years ago (Ma)1. Two incisors that may belong to Homo that it largely lacks evidence of the Early Palaeolithic, or associated erectus come from Yuanmou, south China, and are dated to 1.7 Ma2; hominin remains. The main exception is Lantian county in which a the next-oldest evidence is an H. erectus cranium from Lantian mandible and cranium of H. erectus have been found at Chenjiawo (Gongwangling)—which has recently been dated to 1.63 Ma3— and Gongwangling, respectively. Both were dated by palaeomagne- and the earliest hominin fossils from the Sangiran dome in Java, tism and correlation with the Luochuan loess–palaeosol sequence21. which are dated to about 1.5–1.6 Ma4. Artefacts from Majuangou At Chenjiawo the mandible occurs in palaeosol S6 (684–710 thousand III5 and Shangshazui6 in the Nihewan basin, north China, have years ago), and at Gongwangling the layer containing the cranium is also been dated to 1.6–1.7 Ma.
    [Show full text]
  • Homo Erectus: a Bigger, Faster, Smarter, Longer Lasting Hominin Lineage
    Homo erectus: A Bigger, Faster, Smarter, Longer Lasting Hominin Lineage Charles J. Vella, PhD August, 2019 Acknowledgements Many drawings by Kathryn Cruz-Uribe in Human Career, by R. Klein Many graphics from multiple journal articles (i.e. Nature, Science, PNAS) Ray Troll • Hominin evolution from 3.0 to 1.5 Ma. (Species) • Currently known species temporal ranges for Pa, Paranthropus aethiopicus; Pb, P. boisei; Pr, P. robustus; A afr, Australopithecus africanus; Ag, A. garhi; As, A. sediba; H sp., early Homo >2.1 million years ago (Ma); 1470 group and 1813 group representing a new interpretation of the traditionally recognized H. habilis and H. rudolfensis; and He, H. erectus. He (D) indicates H. erectus from Dmanisi. • (Behavior) Icons indicate from the bottom the • first appearance of stone tools (the Oldowan technology) at ~2.6 Ma, • the dispersal of Homo to Eurasia at ~1.85 Ma, • and the appearance of the Acheulean technology at ~1.76 Ma. • The number of contemporaneous hominin taxa during this period reflects different Susan C. Antón, Richard Potts, Leslie C. Aiello, 2014 strategies of adaptation to habitat variability. Origins of Homo: Summary of shifts in Homo Early Homo appears in the record by 2.3 Ma. By 2.0 Ma at least two facial morphs of early Homo (1813 group and 1470 group) representing two different adaptations are present. And possibly 3 others as well (Ledi-Geraru, Uraha-501, KNM-ER 62000) The 1813 group survives until at least 1.44 Ma. Early Homo erectus represents a third more derived morph and one that is of slightly larger brain and body size but somewhat smaller tooth size.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.5 Million Years Ago
    PALEOANTHROPOLOGY y 3 DIASPORA2.5 million years ago Chipped stone artifacts found in Jordan may be evidence of archaic humans leaving Africa 400,000 years earlier than previously thought Marcos Pivetta 2 PUBLISHED IN AUGUST 2019 group of archaeologists and geologists from Brazilian universities claim to have discovered the earliest evidence A of hominins leaving Africa, considered the cradle of humanity. The geological layers in which the chipped stones and flakes were found during excavations made from 2013 to 2016 in Jordan’s Zarqa River valley were dated by three distinct methods and showed a maximum age of approximately 2.5 million years. If the data are correct, the lithic artifacts were produced by the hands of archaic humans belonging to popula- tions of Homo habilis, the first known species of the genus Homo, 400,000 years earlier than the oldest previously known record of hominins living outside the African continent. “Our study changes the history of mankind by almost half a million years,” says bioarchaeologist Walter Neves of the Institute of Advanced Studies at the University of São Paulo (IEA-USP), coor- dinator of the research team that conducted 1 the study in Jordan and wrote the scientific article about its findings. The Zarqa River val- ley region where chipped stones were found is 4 5 approximately 40 kilometers from Amman, the The researchers found only fossils from a few Jordanian capital, and is today surrounded by animals that had lived in the Zarqa region dur- agricultural lands and cities. ing different periods of prehistory, such as mam- The dating and descriptions of the Jordanian moths, aurochs, and horses.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2. Human Evolution
    distribute or post, copy, not UrbanZone / Alamy Stock Photo Do 2 HUMAN EVOLUTION 19 Copyright ©2021 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. 20 Part I • Basic Concepts in Anthropology LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: 2.1 Explain how cosmologies regarding human origins differ from the scientific view of evolution. 2.2 Discuss how the scientific revolution provided the context for the theory of evolution. 2.3 Explain how natural selection works. 2.4 Describe how early hominins are different from other primates. 2.5 Discuss how Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, Homo floresiensis, and Homo naledi differ from australopithecines. 2.6 Discuss the cultural characteristics of Homo erectus. 2.7 Describe the physical and cultural characteristics of Neandertals. 2.8 Discuss the three models of evolutionary development of modern humans. 2.9 Describe the cultural features of the Upper Paleolithic. 2.10 Discuss the factors of natural selection that influence skin color differences in modern humans. distribute or THEORY OF EVOLUTION Many origin myths deal with the origin of humans in the context of the origin of the universe. For example, the Navajo 2.1 Explain how cosmologies regarding human origins differ Indians traditionally believed that Holy People, supernatu- from the scientific view of evolution. ral and sacred, lived below ground in twelve lower worlds. A The most profound human questions are the ones that perplex massive underground flood forced the Holy People to crawl us the most: Who are we? Why are we here? Where did we post,through a hollow reed to the surface of the Earth, where they come from? What is our place in the universe? What is the pur- created the universe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Paleolithic in the Nihewan Basin, China: Evolutionary History of an Early to Late Pleistocene Record in Eastern Asia
    Received: 12 February 2019 Revised: 4 June 2019 Accepted: 21 November 2019 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21813 REVIEW ARTICLE The Paleolithic in the Nihewan Basin, China: Evolutionary history of an Early to Late Pleistocene record in Eastern Asia Shi-Xia Yang1,2,3 | Cheng-Long Deng4,5,6 | Ri-Xiang Zhu4,5,6 | Michael D. Petraglia2,7,8 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany 3Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Beijing, China 4State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 5Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 6College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 7Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 8School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia Correspondence Shi-Xia Yang, Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Abstract Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of The Nihewan Basin of China preserves one of the most important successions of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Paleolithic archeological sites in Eurasia. Stratified archeological sites and mammalian Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. fossils, first reported in the 1920s, continue to be recovered in large-scale excavation Email: [email protected] projects. Here, we review key findings from archeological excavations in the Nihewan Michael D. Petraglia, Department of Basin ranging from ~1.66 Ma to 11.7 ka.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleofloras, Paleovegetation and Human Evolution
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 267 (2019) 32–38 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Editorial Paleofloras, paleovegetation and human evolution This special issue is aimed at exploring the links between environ- mental changes and the patterns of biological and cultural evolution of hominins. Its conception arises from the relative imbalance between hominin fossil discoveries and knowledge about paleoenvironments as- sociated with these findings. The collection includes both new records and empirical work, with emphasis on floristic and vegetation features, as their crucial role in shaping landscapes and habitat resources. Within an evolutionary framework, it is this focus that has attracted the interest of a number of scholars concerned with the postulation that selective pressures on Primates in favor of bipedalism could be related to the de- pletion of forests in eastern and central Africa and that in turn this was as a consequence of climatic changes after 6 Ma (Dart, 1925; Sockol et al., 2007). This postulation, so-called Savannah hypothesis, contends that mammalian evolution itself can be related to the spread of more open (C4) grasslands in East Africa after about 10 Ma (Sage, 2004; Feakins et al., 2013; Uno et al., 2016). The evolution of Poaceae during the Paleogene and its ecological success at the biome scale during the Neogene (Carrión, 2003; Willis and McElwain, 2013) can be therefore interpreted as historical contingencies (ss. Gould, 1989, 2002) for human evolution (Fig. 1). Cultural transitions are doubtlessly involved. The emergence of the Oldowan industry and the internal diversification of australopithecines took place within the context of increasing variability in climatic condi- tions after about 2.8 Ma (Bobe et al., 2002; deMenocal, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Human Occupation on Chinese Loess Plateau Dated to ~2.12 Ma
    Vol.33 No.1 2019 Highlights New Story of “Out of Africa”: Human Occupation on Chinese Loess Plateau Dated to ~2.12 Ma Reported by SONG Jianlan ow our ancestors evolved and emigrated have Approximately dated to about 1.77–1.85 million years long been heatedly disputed and pursued, and ago (Ma), a site in Dmanisi, Georgia, was widely agreed to Hscientists from around the world have been be the earliest skeletal and artefactual evidence for human working hard to reconstruct the emigration history of early occupation outside Africa. It is closely followed by several humans by identifying and dating ancient sites of human sites in Asia, including a site in Yuanmou, Yunnan, China. habitation. Two incisors from this site, believed to be from Homo The landscape and loess–paleosol section of the Shangchen Paleolithic locality recently found by the joint team. The discovery here indicates that human beings might have emigrated out of Africa earlier than formerly believed. (Credit: GIG & IVPP) Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 27 BCAS Vol.33 No.1 2019 erectus, are dated to about 1.7 Ma. In the summer of 2018, Dmanisi lost its title to a site on the Loess Plateau in China, however, as the result of a new dating jointly made by scientists from CAS and the University of Exeter, UK. Led by Prof. ZHU Zhaoyu from the CAS Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry (GIG), Prof. HUANG Weiwen from the CAS Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) in Beijing, and Prof. Robin Dennell from the University of Exeter, UK, the joint team discovered a new human habitation site in the Paleolithic strata of the Shangchen locality in Lantian County on the southern Loess Plateau, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Desmedt Decruz Element Challenge of Evolution to Religion to Submit REVISIONS7
    The Challenge Of Evolution To Religion Johan De Smedt and Helen De Cruz 2020. Cambridge University Press. Final published version here: https://www.cambridge.org/core/elements/challenge-of-evolution-to- religion/E694F7F8FC0842F66FF685E5E9CBC7AA Contents 1 ScienCe, Religion, And Evolution 1.1 An Asymmetric Tension 1.2 Evolution And Religion: Examples From Judaism And Hinduism 1.3 Why Does Evolution Challenge Religion? 2 Teleology, Divine Purpose, And Divine Design 2.1 ChanCe And Evolution 2.2 Intuitive Teleology 2.3 How Evolution Challenges Teleology 2.3.1 Teleology And ScienCe Before Evolutionary Theory 2.3.2 Is Teleology Appropriate in Biology in the Light of Evolution? 2.3.3 Contingency Or ConvergenCe 2.4 ChanCe, Determinism, And Theism 2.4.1 A World That Is Only Apparently Stochastic 2.4.2 A Stochastic World Where God Is (At Least Partly) In Control 1 2.4.3 A Stochastic, Unknowable World 3 Human Origins: An Evolutionary Challenge To Religion? 3.1 Scientific Explanations And Human Origins 3.2 ScientifiC ACCounts Of Human Evolution 3.2.1 Early Scientific Work On Human Evolution 3.2.2 Just Another Unique Species, Or Implicit Teleology? 3.2.3 Contemporary Work On Human Evolution 3.3 Original Sin And The Fall 3.4 Early Evolutionary Responses To The DoCtrine Of Original Sin 3.5 The Doctrine Of Original Sin In The Light Of Paleoanthropology 3.5.1 The Historicity Of Adam And Eve 3.5.2 The Fall As A Historical Event 3.5.3 Transmission Of Original Sin 3.5.4 Original Guilt 3.6 Conclusion 4.
    [Show full text]