NMPRC RPS Filing 06-30-10

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

NMPRC RPS Filing 06-30-10 BEFORE THE NEW MEXICO PUBLIC REGULATION COMMISSION IN THE MATTER OF EL PASO ) ELECTRIC COMPANY'S 2010 ) PROCUREMENT PLAN PURSUANT ) TO THE RENEWABLE ENERGY ACT ) CASE NO.to-OO -UT AND NMAC 17.9.572.16 ) ) DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RICARDO ACOSTA JULY 1, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Subject I. INTRODUCTION AND QUALIFICATIONS 1 II. PURPOSE OF TESTIMONy 2 III. SUMMARY OF EPE1s 2010 PLAN 4 IV. OVERVIEW OF EPE1S RPS REQUIREMENTS 5 V. ANNUAL PROCUREMENT PLAN REQUIREMENTS 7 VI. STATUS OF SUNTOWER PROJECT 12 VII. EPE1S PROPOSED 2010 PLAN 15 VIII. EPE1S DIVERSITY RFP PROCESS AND NEW RESOURCE SELECTION 18 IX. COST OF EPE'S 2010 PROCUREMENT PLAN 30 X. REQUEST FOR VARIANCE FROM DIVERSITY REQUIREMENTS 31 XI. CONCLUSION 35 EXHIBITS Exhibit RA-1 EPE's New Mexico Jurisdictional Retail Energy Sales' Requirement Exhibit RA-2 SPS REC Agreement Exhibit RA-3 REC Purchases to Meet Renewable Portfolio Standard including NRG Alternative Exhibit RA-4 Renewable Energy Percentages by Technology Exhibit RA-5 2011 Solar Diversity Requirements Deferred to 2012 - 2014 EL PASO ELECTRIC COMPANY DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RICARDO ACOSTA 1 I. INTRODUCTION AND QUALIFICATIONS 2 Q. PLEASE STATE YOUR NAME AND BUSINESS ADDRESS. 3 A. My name is Ricardo Acosta, and my business address is 100 N. Stanton, EI Paso, 4 Texas 79901. 5 6 Q. HOW ARE YOU EMPLOYED? 7 A. I am employed by EI Paso Electric Company as Director of the Resource and 8 Delivery Planning Department. 9 10 Q. PLEASE SUMMARIZE YOUR EDUCATIONAL AND BUSINESS 11 BACKGROUND. 12 A. I graduated from The University of Texas at EI Paso with a Bachelor of Science 13 Degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1975 and a Master of Science Degree in 14 Mechanical Engineering in 1977. Upon graduation, I was employed by Rockwell 15 International in EI Segundo, California until January 1980. 16 In January 1980, I began working for EPE as a Planning Engineer with 17 duties including generation and fuels planning, regulatory compliance and 18 economic evaluation of generation and fuel alternatives. This activity included 19 forecasting fuel prices and the development of EPE's PROMOD base case for use 20 in Company planning activities and regulatory filings and proceedings. In 21 January 1989, I was promoted to Supervisor-Resource Planning. In October 22 2005, I was promoted to Manager-Resource Planning. In May 2010, I became 23 Director of Resource and Delivery Planning. 1 EL PASO ELECTRIC COMPANY DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RICARDO ACOSTA 1 Q. PLEASE DESCRIBE YOUR CURRENT RESPONSIBILITIES WITH EPE. 2 A. My current duties include the management and supervision of the Company's 3 generation expansion planning and renewable energy procurement. 4 5 Q. HAVE YOU PREVIOUSLY PRESENTED TESTIMONY BEFORE 6 UTILITY REGULATORY BODIES? 7 A. Yes, I previously presented testimony before the City of EI Paso Public Utility 8 Regulatory Board, the Public Utility Commission of Texas, and the New Mexico 9 Public Regulation Commission ("NMPRC" or "Commission"). 10 11 II. PURPOSE OF TESTIMONY 12 Q. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF YOUR TESTIMONY? 13 A. The purpose of my testimony is to present EPE's 2010 Procurement Plan ("2010 14 Plan"). I calculate EPE's 2011 and 2012 renewable energy portfolio standard 15 ("RPS") requirements and set forth EPE's 2010 Plan to meet EPE's RPS 16 requirements for 2011 and 2012. I will explain how renewable energy resources 17 fit within EPE's overall resource portfolio. 18 I will address EPE's request for a variance to the 2011 solar diversity 19 requirements of the Commission's Renewable Energy Rule 17.9.572 NMAC 20 ("Rule 572"). A variance is required because of the default by a supplier in 21 performing, and the Commission's recent approval of termination of the PPA 22 previously approved in EPE's 2008 Procurement Plan for the solar concentrating 23 project known as the SunTower project. Because of the default and recent 2 EL PASO ELECTRIC COMPANY DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RICARDO ACOSTA 1 termination of the PPA, the solar energy and Renewable Energy Certificates 2 (IRECs") that were counted on for 2011 will not materialize, and instead EPE 3 must purchase an alternative resource to ensure full compliance with the statutory 4 RPS. EPE proposes to purchase wind RECs from Southwestern Public Service 5 Company C'SPS") to enable EPE to meet the full RPS for 2011. However, there 6 are not adequate solar resources available to EPE in 2011, and EPE will be able to 7 meet only a portion of the solar diversity targets for 2011. For that reason, my 8 testimony supports EPE's request for a Variance for 2011 and approval of the 9 purchase of the alternative wind RECs from SPS to meet the statutory RPS 10 requirement. Iexplain that EPE will meet the diversity requirement in the years 11 2012-2014 through purchases of solar energy from an alternative project under 12 the Amended Agreement with the SunTower project supplier, approved by the 13 Commission, and other new solar projects proposed in the 2010 Plan. EPE will 14 voluntarily "make-up" in years 2012-2014 any shortfall in solar diversity levels 15 from 2011. Thus, EPE ultimately will comply with the amount of solar energy 16 targeted for 2011, but needs additional time to do so. 17 I address EPE's evaluation of new solar energy projects to replace or 18 augment the SunTower project. I explain the procurement actions EPE is 19 proposing to prepare for the 2011 and 2012 diversity targets. 20 I also provide the estimated costs of compliance to meet the RPS 21 requirements for 2011 and 2012, including diversity targets in 2011 and 2012. I 22 discuss and conclude that EPE's proposed 2010 Plan for 2011 and 2012 is 23 reasonable as to price, availability, dispatch flexibility, certificate values and 3 EL PASO ELECTRIC COMPANY DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RICARDO ACOSTA 1 diversity. 2 In addition to my testimony, EPE Witness Carpenter addresses policy 3 matters and incorporates Commission action regarding substitution of a 20 MW 4 PV project for the originally-approved SunTower solar thermal project. EPE 5 Witness Evans will address EPE's Small and Medium System Renewable Energy 6 Certificate Purchase Programs, and estimate the number of RECs and costs 7 associated with those programs. Mr. Evans also evaluates whether EPE's 8 proposed Plan would require EPE to reduce its RPS requirement in order to stay 9 within the Commission's Reasonable Cost Threshold ("RCT") or the large 10 customer cap. 11 12 III. SUMMARY OF EPE'S 2010 PLAN 13 Q. BEFORE PROVIDING THE DETAILS, PLEASE SUMMARIZE EPE'S 14 2010 PROCUREMENT PLAN. 15 A. EPE's 2010 Plan will meet its RPS requirements for 2011 and 2012, as well as 16 most of its resource diversity targets in 2011 and all of its diversity targets for 17 2012. EPE's 2010 Plan is to meet its statutory RPS obligations through REC 18 acquisitions pursuant to previously approved agreements with Public Service 19 Company of New Mexico (ltpNMIt),Southwest Environmental Center ("SWEC"), 20 Camino Real Landfill Gas to Energy Facility ("CRLEF"), and SPS, as well as 21 through EPE's approved incentive programs for customer-installed Qualifying 22 Facility (rrQFrr)projects. As approved by the Commission on June 24,2010 in the 23 re-opened Case No. 08-00219-UT, EPE's 2010 Plan also includes the purchase of 4 EL PASO ELECTRIC COMPANY DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RICARDO ACOSTA 1 solar energy under the Amended Agreement with NRG (SunTower) from a newly 2 constructed 20 MW solar PV facility. In addition, the 201 0 Plan also includes the 3 following new procurement actions that require Commission approval: 4 1) procurement of increased amounts of SPS wind REC purchases for 2011, to 5 ensure compliance with the overall 2011 RPS requirement to cover the 6 termination of the solar thermal project; 2) procurement of solar energy and RECs 7 by entering a new PPA with SunEdison for a 24 MW PV project; 3) procurement 8 of solar energy and RECs by entering a new PPA for a 5 MW PV project, located 9 in Hatch, New Mexico; and 4) receipt of a variance from the full solar diversity 10 requirements of Rule 572 for 2011. 11 EPE's 2010 Plan requires a variance from the Commission's Rule 572 12 solar diversity requirements for 2011 due to the unavailability of adequate solar 13 supplies in 2011. EPE is requesting that those portions of its 2011 diversity 14 requirements that cannot be met be deferred to the years 2012-2014. I will 15 address each element for approval of the Variance later in my testimony. 16 17 IV. OVERVIEW OF EPE'S RPS REQUIREMENTS 18 Q. PLEASE PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY 19 REQUIREMENTS EPE MUST MEET. 20 A. The New Mexico Renewable Energy Act ("Act" or "REA") and the Commission's 21 Rule require that a percentage of EPE's New Mexico retail jurisdictional energy 22 sales (stated as an energy requirement) be met by renewable energy resources. 23 The RPS requirement for 2010 is six percent and for the period 2011 through 5 EL PASO ELECTRIC COMPANY DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RICARDO ACOSTA 1 2014, ten percent. Thereafter, EPE must meet an RPS requirement of 15 percent 2 in 2015 through 2019 and 20 percent beginning in 2020. 3 4 Q. HAS EPE CALCULATED ITS RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR 2011 AND 2012? 6 A. Yes. EPE calculated these requirements based on its latest Long-term Load 7 Forecast dated March 18,2010. 8 EPE's 2011 total New Mexico retail jurisdictional energy sales are 9 estimated to be 1,685,406 megawatt-hours ("MWh"), resulting in a RPS 10 requirement of 168,541 MWh; and the 2012 total jurisdictional sales are estimated 11 to be 1,757,908 MWh, and the RPS requirement is 175,791 MWh.
Recommended publications
  • Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives
    Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 1 2 Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California: Quality Careers—Cleaner Lives Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 3 About the Author Peter Philips (B.A. Pomona College, M.A., Ph.D. Stanford University) is a Professor of Economics and former Chair of the Economics Department at the University of Utah. Philips is a leading economic expert on the U.S. construction labor market. He has published widely on the topic and has testified as an expert in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, served as an expert for the U.S. Justice Department in litigation concerning the Davis-Bacon Act (the federal prevailing wage law), and presented testimony to state legislative committees in Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Utah, Kentucky, Connecticut, and California regarding the regulations of construction labor markets.
    [Show full text]
  • CSPV Solar Cells and Modules from China
    Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells and Modules from China Investigation Nos. 701-TA-481 and 731-TA-1190 (Preliminary) Publication 4295 December 2011 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Deanna Tanner Okun, Chairman Irving A. Williamson, Vice Chairman Charlotte R. Lane Daniel R. Pearson Shara L. Aranoff Dean A. Pinkert Robert B. Koopman Acting Director of Operations Staff assigned Christopher Cassise, Senior Investigator Andrew David, Industry Analyst Nannette Christ, Economist Samantha Warrington, Economist Charles Yost, Accountant Gracemary Roth-Roffy, Attorney Lemuel Shields, Statistician Jim McClure, Supervisory Investigator Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells and Modules from China Investigation Nos. 701-TA-481 and 731-TA-1190 (Preliminary) Publication 4295 December 2011 C O N T E N T S Page Determinations.................................................................. 1 Views of the Commission ......................................................... 3 Separate Views of Commission Charlotte R. Lane ...................................... 31 Part I: Introduction ............................................................ I-1 Background .................................................................. I-1 Organization of report.........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Rational Look at Renewable Energy
    A RATIONAL LOOK AT RENEWABLE ENERGY AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF INTERMITTENT POWER By Kimball Rasmussen | President and CEO, Deseret Power | November 2010, Edition 1.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Forward................................................................................................................................................................. .2. Wind Energy......................................................................................................................................................... .3 Fundamental.Issue:.Intermittency............................................................................................................ .3 Name-plate.Rating.versus.Actual.Energy.Delivery............................................................................... .3 Wind.is.Weak.at.Peak.................................................................................................................................. .3 Texas...............................................................................................................................................................4 California.......................................................................................................................................................4 The.Pacific.Northwest................................................................................................................................ .5 The.Western.United.States.......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GEMINI SOLAR PROJECT Resource Management Plan Amendment and Draft Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1: Chapters 1 – 4
    U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management DOI------ BLM NV S010 2018 0051 EIS GEMINI SOLAR PROJECT Resource Management Plan Amendment and Draft Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1: Chapters 1 – 4 EIS Costs to- Date: $4,494,065 i The Bureau of Land Management is responsible for the stewardship of our public lands. The BLM’s mission is to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN AMENDMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE GEMINI SOLAR PROJECT Responsible Agency: United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Document Status: Draft (X) Final ( ) Abstract: Solar Partners XI, LLC is proposing to construct, operate, maintain, and decommission an approximately 690-megawatt photovoltaic solar electric generating facility and associated generation tie-line and access road facilities (Project) on approximately 7,100 acres of federal lands administered by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The Project would be located approximately 33 miles northeast of Las Vegas and south of the Moapa River Indian Reservation in Clark County, Nevada. The expected life of the Project is 30 years. Solar Partners XI, LLC acquired an existing 44,000-acre right-of- way application filed in 2008 by BrightSource Energy, LLC for the APEX Solar Thermal Power Generation Facility. The approximately 7,100-acre Project would be located within the 44,000-acre right- of-way application area. The 1998 Las Vegas Resource Management Plan (RMP) classifies the right-of-way application area as a Class III Visual Resource Management (VRM) area, which lies adjacent to Class II areas (due to the presence of the Old Spanish National Historic Trail, Muddy Mountain Wilderness Area, and Bitter Springs Back Country Byway in the Project vicinity).
    [Show full text]
  • US Solar Industry Year in Review 2009
    US Solar Industry Year in Review 2009 Thursday, April 15, 2010 575 7th Street NW Suite 400 Washington DC 20004 | www.seia.org Executive Summary U.S. Cumulative Solar Capacity Growth Despite the Great Recession of 2009, the U.S. solar energy 2,500 25,000 23,835 industry grew— both in new installations and 2,000 20,000 employment. Total U.S. solar electric capacity from 15,870 2,108 photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) 1,500 15,000 technologies climbed past 2,000 MW, enough to serve -th MW more than 350,000 homes. Total U.S. solar thermal 1,000 10,000 MW 1 capacity approached 24,000 MWth. Solar industry 494 revenues also surged despite the economy, climbing 500 5,000 36 percent in 2009. - - A doubling in size of the residential PV market and three new CSP plants helped lift the U.S. solar electric market 37 percent in annual installations over 2008 from 351 MW in 2008 to 481 MW in 2009. Solar water heating (SWH) Electricity Capacity (MW) Thermal Capacity (MW-Th) installations managed 10 percent year-over-year growth, while the solar pool heating (SPH) market suffered along Annual U.S. Solar Energy Capacity Growth with the broader construction industry, dropping 10 1,200 1,099 percent. 1,036 1,000 918 894 928 Another sign of continued optimism in solar energy: 865 -th 725 758 742 venture capitalists invested more in solar technologies than 800 542 any other clean technology in 2009. In total, $1.4 billion in 600 481 2 351 venture capital flowed to solar companies in 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Springs Solar Project Draft Environmental Assessment Pennington County, South Dakota
    Wild Springs Solar Project Draft Environmental Assessment Pennington County, South Dakota DOE/EA-2068 April 2021 Table of Contents Introduction and Background ................................................................................... 1 Purpose and Need for WAPA’s Federal Action ...................................................................... 1 Wild Springs Solar’s Purpose and Need .................................................................................. 1 Proposed Action and Alternatives ............................................................................ 2 No Action Alternative .............................................................................................................. 2 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Further Study .................................................. 2 Proposed Action ....................................................................................................................... 2 Solar Panels and Racking ................................................................................................3 Electrical Collection System ...........................................................................................4 Inverter/Transformer Skids .............................................................................................4 Access Roads ..................................................................................................................5 Fencing & Cameras .........................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Small Wind Electric Systems: an Oklahoma Consumer's Guide
    Small Wind Electric Systems An Oklahoma Consumer’s Guide Small Wind Electric Systems Cover photo: This 10-kW Bergey Excel is installed on a 100-ft. (30-m) guyed lattice tower at a residence in Norman, Oklahoma and is interconnected with the Oklahoma Gas & Electric utility. Photo credit — Bergey Windpower/PIX01476 Small Wind Electric Systems 1 Small Wind Electric Systems A U.S. Consumer’s Guide Introduction Can I use wind energy to power my home? This question is being asked across the country as more people look for affordable and reliable sourc- es of electricity. Small wind electric systems can make a significant contribution to our nation’s energy needs. Although wind turbines large enough to provide a significant portion of the electricity needed by the average U.S. home gen- erally require one acre of property or more, approximately 21 million U.S. homes are built on one-acre and larger sites, and 24% of the U.S. population lives in rural areas. A small wind electric system will work for you if: Bergey Windpower/PIX01476 • There is enough wind where you Homeowners, ranchers, and small businesses can use wind- generated electricity to reduce their utility bills. This grid- live connected system installed for a home in Norman, Oklahoma, • Tall towers are allowed in your reduces the homeowner’s utility bill by $100 per month. neighborhood or rural area • You have enough space Contents • You can determine how much Introduction ...................................... 1 electricity you need or want to First, How Can I Make My Home More Energy Efficient? . 2 produce Is Wind Energy Practical for Me? .....................
    [Show full text]
  • A Heliostat Field Control System
    A Heliostat Field Control System by Karel Johan Malan Dissertation presented for the degree of Master of Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Mr Paul Gauché Co-supervisor: Mr Johann Treurnicht April 2014 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: ……………………………. Copyright © 2014 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract The ability of concentrating solar power (CSP) to efficiently store large amounts of energy sets it apart from other renewable energy technologies. However, cost reduction and improved efficiency is required for it to become more economically viable. Significant cost reduction opportunities exist, especially for central receiver system (CRS) technology where the heliostat field makes up 40 to 50 per cent of the total capital expenditure. CRS plants use heliostats to reflect sunlight onto a central receiver. Heliostats with high tracking accuracy are required to realize high solar concentration ratios. This enables high working temperatures for efficient energy conversion. Tracking errors occur mainly due to heliostat manufacturing-, installation- and alignment tolerances, but high tolerance requirements generally increase cost. A way is therefore needed to improve tracking accuracy without increasing tolerance requirements. The primary objective of this project is to develop a heliostat field control system within the context of a 5MWe CRS pilot plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Best Practices Handbook for the Collection and Use of Solar Resource Data for Solar Energy Applications: Second Edition
    Best Practices Handbook for the Collection and Use of Solar Resource Data for Solar Energy Applications: Second Edition Edited by Manajit Sengupta,1 Aron Habte,1 Christian Gueymard,2 Stefan Wilbert,3 Dave Renné,4 and Thomas Stoffel5 1 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2 Solar Consulting Services 3 German Aerospace Center (DLR) 4 Dave Renné Renewables, LLC 5 Solar Resource Solutions, LLC This update was prepared in collaboration with the International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme: Task 46 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Technical Report NREL/TP-5D00-68886 December 2017 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Best Practices Handbook for the Collection and Use of Solar Resource Data for Solar Energy Applications: Second Edition Edited by Manajit Sengupta,1 Aron Habte,1 Christian Gueymard,2 Stefan Wilbert,3 Dave Renné,4 and Thomas Stoffel5 1 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2 Solar Consulting Services 3 German Aerospace Center (DLR) 4 Dave Renné Renewables, LLC 5 Solar Resource Solutions, LLC Prepared under Task No. SETP.10304.28.01.10 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report 15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/TP-5D00-68886 Golden, CO 80401 December 2017 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No.
    [Show full text]
  • Commercialization Potential of Dye-Sensitized Mesoscopic Solar Cells
    Commercialization Potential of Dye-Sensitized Mesoscopic Solar Cells by Kwan Wee Tan B.Eng (Materials Engineering) Nanyang Technological University, 2006 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SEPTEMBER 2008 © 2008 Kwan Wee Tan. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author ……………………………………………………………………….... Department of Materials Science and Engineering July 16, 2008 Certified by ...……………………………………………………………………………..... Yet-Ming Chiang Kyocera Professor of Ceramics Thesis Supervisor Certified by ...……………………………………………………………………………..... Chee Cheong Wong Associate Professor, Nanyang Technological University Thesis Supervisor Accepted by ……………………………………………………………………………….... Samuel M. Allen POSCO Professor of Physical Metallurgy Chair, Departmental Committee for Graduate Students 1 Commercialization Potential of Dye-Sensitized Mesoscopic Solar Cells By Kwan Wee Tan Submitted to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering on July 16, 2008 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Materials Science and Engineering ABSTRACT The price of oil has continued to rise, from a high of US$100 per barrel at the beginning 2008 to a new record of above US$140 in the recent weeks (of July). Coupled with increasing insidious greenhouse gas emissions, the need to harness abundant and renewable energy sources is never more urgent than now. The sun is the champion of all energy sources and photovoltaic cell production is currently the world’s fastest growing energy market.
    [Show full text]
  • Standards and Requirements for Solar Equipment, Installation, and Licensing and Certification a Guide for States and Municipalities
    SUSTAINABLE SOLAR EDUCATION PROJECT Beren Argetsinger, Keyes&FoxLLP•BenjaminInskeep,EQResearchLLC Beren Argetsinger, A GuideforStatesandMunicipalities and LicensingCertification for SolarEquipment,Installation, Standards andRequirements FEBRU A RY 2017 RY © B igstock/ilfede SUSTAINABLE SOLAR EDUCATION PROJECT ABOUT THIS GUIDE AND THE SUSTAINABLE SOLAR EDUCATION PROJECT Standards and Requirements for Solar Equipment, Installation, and Licensing and Certification: A Guide for States and Municipalities is one of six program guides being produced by the Clean Energy States Alliance (CESA) as part of its Sustainable Solar Ed- ucation Project. The project aims to provide information and educational resources to help states and municipalities ensure that distributed solar electricity remains consumer friendly and its benefits are accessible to low- and moderate-income households. In ad- dition to publishing guides, the Sustainable Solar Education Project will produce webinars, an online course, a monthly newsletter, and in-person training on topics related to strengthening solar accessibility and affordability, improving consumer information, and implementing consumer protection measures regarding solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. More information about the project, including a link to sign up to receive notices about the project’s activities, can be found at www.cesa.org/projects/sustainable-solar. ABOUT THE U.S. DEpaRTMENT OF ENERGY SUNSHOT INITIATIVE The U.S. Department of Energy SunShot Initiative is a collaborative national effort that aggressively drives innovation to make solar energy fully cost-competitive with traditional energy sources before the end of the decade. Through SunShot, the Energy Department supports efforts by private companies, universities, and national laboratories to drive down the cost of solar electricity to $0.06 per kilowatt-hour.
    [Show full text]
  • Skeleton Creek Solar and Battery Storage Project Alternative Evaluation Study and Site Selection Study
    Skeleton Creek Solar and Battery Storage Project Alternative Evaluation Study and Site Selection Study PREPARED FOR Skeleton Creek Energy Center, LLC and USDA Rural Utilities Service PREPARED BY SWCA Environmental Consultants SKELETON CREEK SOLAR AND BATTERY STORAGE PROJECT ALTERNATIVE EVALUATION STUDY AND SITE SELECTION STUDY Prepared for Skeleton Creek Energy Center, LLC and USDA Rural Utilities Service Prepared by SWCA Environmental Consultants 4407 Monterey Oaks Boulevard Building 1, Suite 110 Austin, Texas 78749 www.swca.com October 2020 Skeleton Creek Solar and Battery Storage Project Alternative Evaluation Study and Site Selection Study EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is a joint Alternatives Evaluation Study (AES)/Site Selection Study (SSS) for the Skeleton Creek Solar and Battery Storage Project (Project). The Project will consist of a 250-megawatt (MW) solar plus 200 MW/800 megawatt-hour (MWh) storage facility that will utilize photovoltaic (PV) modules that comply with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Buy American requirements. The Project will be located entirely on privately owned farmland, in a rural area in Garfield County, Oklahoma. The Application Area encompasses approximately 12,250 acres. Within the Application Area, construction will occur on a 4,500 to 6,000-acre Project Area. Skeleton Creek Energy Center, LLC, a subsidiary of NextEra Energy Resources, LLC, (hereafter referred to as the Applicant) executed a 20-year Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) for the Project with Western Farmers Electric Cooperative (WFEC), with an optional 5-year extension. The Project is expected to operate as merchant during the remaining non-contract period (between 5 and 10 years). The Project is expected to achieve commercial operation date (COD) on or around November 30, 2023, and is expected to create approximately 300 temporary construction jobs to construct the Project and up to 10 permanent jobs to operate the facility.
    [Show full text]