Chipinge Rural District Council Action Team

CHIPINGE RURAL DISTRICT COUNCIL CIVIC AWARENESS PROGRAMME

FACILITATED BY THE

CHIPINGE RURAL DISTRICT COUNCIL ACTION TEAM

CHIPINGE COUNCIL RURAL DISTRICT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background to Manual 2

Acknowledgements 3

Abbreviations and Acronyms 5

Terms and Concepts 6

Preamble 7

Starting the Training workshop 9

Background and Introduction to Rural District Councils 11

Division of Functions and Introduction to Rural District Councils 14

Development Structures of Local Government 20

Council Finances 22

How Central Government works with Council 24

NGOs Operating in Chipinge District 31

Enhancing Service Delivery by RDCs 38

Recommendations 44

Appendices 45

BACKGROUND TO MANUAL

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in conjuction with the Ministry of Local Government, Public Works and National Housing started implementing a pilot programme to improve local governance in six local authorities viz. City of Gweru, Kariba, Masvingo, Gwanda Municipalities and Chipinge and Mutoko Rural District Councils in 2001.

The USAID engaged a firm of Consultants, “The Urban Institute” with international, regional and local experts in the fields of municipal finance and local governance to implement the programme.

The main objective of the programme was to support the Ministry of Local Government National Housing and public works thrust for well managed and accountable local authorities that fully consult and take input from their citizens in the decision making process by:

1. Developing local authority capacity for service delivery through providing technical assistance to improve management capacity by facilitating the training of staff and councilors in consultative and participatory practices with a view to ensure transparency and accountability at local level. 2. Improving citizenship participation in local government through enhanced citizen’s participation in the economic and political decision making. 3. Assisting local authorities in their financial information management systems with particular emphasis on the data necessary to improve the collection, management, use and flow of funds.

Towards achieving objective number 2, the Urban Institute under contract with the USAID, invited applications from Civil Society Organisations to support representation of citizen participation in the local authority decisionmaking. Their contract was won by the Manicaland Development Association, an NGO operating in Manicaland. In the case of the Chipinge Rural District Council it was felt that for meaningful consultation and participation to take place, the citizens who are mainly rural had to be exposed to a civic awareness programme which would enable them to appreciate the structure and operations of Council.

This manual was intended for the training of ward facilitators who in turn was to use it to teach the communities at village level. However the programme ended after the training of the ward facilitators but before the training of the communities.

In 2010, eight years later the Chipinge Rural District Council was fortunate to be included in the Local Governance and Citizen Participation Project being implemented by the Civic Forum on Housing along with three other rural district councils which are Mutoko, Nyaminyami and Tsholotsho .

The overall objective of the project is to promote democratic, effective, transparent and accountable local governance in Rural District Councils in Zimbabwe through the engagement of all stakeholders and the communities in particular. It was felt once again civic education was the first step. With that in mind the original manual of 2004 had to be reviewed in the light of changes that had taken place in the past seven years.

This booklet is intended to be used in the civic awareness by 30 ward facilitators who shall be trained before going back to their wards to teach communities at 120 village centres.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Special thanks goes to the first funding partner the USAID for financial assistance and the implementing partners the Urban Institute for their technical support.

Gratitude also goes to the MDA staff, and the District Development Committee members for their valuable contributions and comments in developing this manual

Special acknowledgements are due to the Chipinge Rural District Council Chief Executive Officer, Mr Mundoma and Council staff for reviewing and editing the first draft in 2004 reviewing and updating this manual in 2011.

References

. Rural District Council Act Chapter 29:13 1996 . Rural District Councils’ Training Modules 1983 . Local Governance Participation – ACPD 2000 . Governance and leadership 2000 . Civic Education of Rural District Council Elections 2000 . Traditional Leaders Act Chapter 29:17 1998 Finally the European Union through the Civic Forum on Housing under the Local Governance Citizen Participation is thanked for supporting the Chipinge Rural District Council in reprinting the book and the civic education programme which is scheduled to begin with the training of civic awareness ward facilitators who in turn will teach communities at village level.

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

DAAC District Aids Action Committee DA District Administrator CBM Community Based Management CEO Chief Executive Officer CRDC Chipinge Rural District Council CTC Chipinge Town Council CSO Civil Society Organization DDF District Development Fund EMA Environmental Management Agency EPSD Enhanced Participatory Service Delivery HR Human Rights MDA Manicaland Development Association MP Member of Parliament NGO Non Governmental Organisation RDC Rural District Council RDDC Rural District Development Committee UC Urban Council USAID United States Agency for International Development WADCO Ward Development Committee VIDCO Village Development Committee ZILGA Zimbabwe Local Government Association

TERMS AND CONCEPT

Bill of Rights A statement of fundamental rights of any group of people such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights (CCPR).

Council area The area for which a Council has been established. That is the length and breath of a certain Council.

Rural District Council Means Rural District Council established in terms of RDC Act (Chapter 29:13)

Councillor Person elected or appointed to be part of the governing or policymaking body of a Rural District Council.

Gender Socially constructed differences between men and women based on shared expectations and norms with a society of female and male behavior, characteristics and roles. The term defines what they do, how they behave and how they are perceived, and how they relate to each other. Gender is not synonymous with sex.

Human Rights These are inalienable entitlements conferred and protected by the state to all persons

Insolvent Not able to pay one’s debts

Local Authority Means a Municipal Council, Town Council, local body, or Rural District Council for as long as any such body remains in existence.

Voter Means a person who is entitled to vote and is on the voters roll for a ward of a Council area

Transparency Openness

Royalty Payment to the owner of Land for the extraction of a natural resource

PREAMBLE

Government embarked on a decentralization programme with the intention of giving local authorities power to develop their own areas and to make decisions on certain issues that affect them. This resulted in the establishment of Local authorities – Rural District Councils for rural areas and urban councils for towns and cities.

Rates of development in the various districts of Zimbabwe are not the same. Some districts have huge natural resources endowments which generate revenue ready to be ploughed back into the area development while others suffer resource scarcity. Even where the resources base is rich, local inhabitants may continue to suffer if wrong priorities are addressed. In some cases residents or communities have tended to blame Rural District Councils for not working at all or corrupt activities.

Other residents then start boycotting the payments due to Council and sometimes sabotaging Council activities. This has resulted in little or no development taking place in such districts. It is possible that most of the conflicts between RDCs, Civil Society Organisations and residents may arise from lack of understanding of each other’s role, responsibilities and obligations. It is important for residents to appreciate how Councils work and where they get their resources. Councils should also know the needs and wants of residents and other players such as Civil Society Organisations, traditional leaders, churches and private sector, etc for effective service delivery.

This manual is therefore a guideline to be used by Councillors and ward facilitators and other community leaders or representatives on how to conduct training workshops on civic awareness programmes on the structure and functions of Rural District Councils, the rights and obligations of citizens as well as the important fact that the citizens own the Council.

The Manual provides guidelines on o Objectives of the specific session o Materials required for the session o Possible workshop delivery methodology o Learning points/talking points

The following symbols will be used to guide the facilitators:-

Group discussion

Key points Learning notes

P.Q Plenary questions

Case Studies

Role - play

SESSION ONE:

Starting the training workshop

Objectives of the Session To ensure that every participant is aware of the objectives of the training workshop, made comfortable and appreciates how the workshop will be conducted.

Materials required 1. Flip chart paper 2. Zope cards 3. Enough mighty markers 4. Clean wall to stick cards 5. Stick stuff

Method Introduce yourself in an exciting way. Ask participants to be in pairs and then introduce each other for about two minutes. They should look at some of the following [You may want to give special recognition for a pair that will bring out more information about the other partner] 1. Name 2. Village and ward 3. Constituency 4. Work experience 5. What makes them different from others

Ask participants to introduce their counterparts. Immediately after, distribute Zope cards and ask them to write their expectations, You may use the following questions. 1. What do you expect to see/learn/discuss in this workshop? 2. Why did you come here? [Insist that participants write bid but not more that three words per card] 3. What should be done to make this workshop a success?

Cluster, together with participants, the expectations and then summarize them. Proceed to read the objectives of the entire programme / training workshop.

Objectives of the training workshop

1. To learn about the structure and functions of RDCs 2. To raise awareness on the rights of citizens or residents in the district 3. To come up with strategies of promoting sustainable partnerships for development between the RDC and communities. 4. Create a platform for dialogue and information exchange between RDCs and stakeholders in a particular district.

Go through the programme of the workshop and then ask participants to agree on ground rules and identify a timekeeper. Make sure every participant is given the opportunity to clarify certain things or to ask questions if they so wish.

. Respect each other’s views . Discourage competition Key Points . Manage time . Give all participants equal opportunities to participate. . Where necessary summarize the points.

SESSION TWO

Background and Introduction to RDCs

Objectives of the Session To understand the background of RDCs as well as the legal, policy and structural framework.

Materials required 1. Flip chart paper 2. Zope cards 3. Enough mighty markers 4. Clean wall to stick cards 5. Stick stuff

Method Introduce the session by asking participants the following questions and ten give a brief background of RDCs 1. What is a Rural District Council? 2. When was your particular Rural District Council established 3. What led to the idea of RDCs 4. List all key stakeholders of an RDC

Write the answers on the flip chart. Discuss the points as a group of workshop participants.

Background Zimbabwe is a sovereign state governed by a constitution and is organized at two levels i.e a) Central Government b) Local Government (Councils)

What is Central Government The Zimbabwean state consists of three arms; the executive, the judiciary and the legislative.

Central Government is a system of Public Administration at the national level whose powers and functions are vested in the constitution and takes charge of some of the important functions e.g Foreign Affairs, Defence, security, Judiciary, Prison Services, Immigration and Customs etc. 11

What is Local Government? It is a system of Public Administration at local level established in terms of Acts of Parliament for the administration of local affairs by people through their elected representatives for a given locality which can be rural or urban.

Urban Councils are governed by the Urban Councils Act (chapter 29:15) while the Rural District Councils are governed by the Rural District councils Act Chapter 29:13.

In Chipinge District since 2003 there are two local authorities – The Chipinge Rural District Council and the Chipinge Town Council.

Reasons for creating Local Governance o To promote decentralized planning, administration and management o To provide popular civil participation in the promotion of development programme and o To ensure equitable distribution of resources.

What is a Rural District Council? o When we vote for Members of Parliament we will be voting for representatives to sit in the national or central government to decide on national isses. However these representatives cannot provide for the needs of the local community. o Rural District Council is the government of a rural local authority. o An RDC works to develop its area o A Council is a bridge between people and central government.

How is a Rural District Council Made up? A Council is made up of Councillors who are elected by registered voters of a ward to represent the concerns and interests of the people of the ward.

Election Requirement for Voters

For one to qualify to vote they should be o Not less than 18 years of age o A citizen of Zimbabwe o Resident in the ward

Election Requirements to be elected as Councillors o The person must be a registered voter provided he/she or spouse is not in arrears with Council for a period of more than 120 days. o Is not an employee of Council o Is not a legal practitioner on behalf of any party in legal proceedings against the Council o Is not a Councillor of another local authority o Has not been convicted of any offenses involving funds of Council or any other local authority o Has not been declared insolvent for 3 years.

Elected Councillors representing their wards make up Council which is the decision making body. The Chipinge Rural District Council area is divided into 30 wards.

In terms of the RDC Act the minister is given the power to appoint special interest Councillors. In the Chipinge RDC there are seven appointed special interest Councillors four of who are chiefs.

The Council is headed by a Chairman.

Council and its Committees and Departments

Council 37 Councillors

Finance Audit Technical Services Social Services Rural District Admin &HR Committee Committee Committee Committee Development Committee Committee

Admin &HR Finance Income Gen. Audit Technical Social Services Department Services Department Department Project Board Department Department

Agriculture & Natural Community Resources Section Services Section 13

SESSION THREE

Division of Functions and Committees of Council

Start by giving a re-cap of work done in the previous session.

Objectives of the session To understand the functions of RDCs and examine some of the challenges being faced in trying to perform their expected duties.

Materials 1. Readout on Powers and duties of RDCs [First schedule in the RDC Act] 2. Flip chart paper 3. Zope cards 4. Mighty markers 5. Clean wall to stick cards 6. Stick staff

Method Introduce the session by asking participants to brainstorm on the following questions

 What do you think the Rural District Council should be doing P.Q or what are they supposed to do?

Participants can write these on Zope cards. Cluster the cards together with participants. Discuss the points together.

Roles/Functions of RDCs [What they are supposed to do] ……………………………………………………………… What they are not supposed to do…………….. ………………………………………………………………....

After the plenary exercise read out the appendix First schedule on Powers of RDCs. Cluster, them and name them on the basis of having a similar result or accomplishment.

Council is divided into two functional bodies:-

The Policy Making Body This body is composed of Councillors who are democratically elected representatives of the people of their wards. Council deliberate as Council and Council Committees. The Chipinge Rural District Council has 30 wards and therefore 30 elected councillors. At their first meeting after elections the Councillors elect a Chairman at a meeting chaired by the DA. In terms of the RDC Act the Minister appointed 7 special interest Councillors’ four of whom are chiefs.

The Executive Body It is the professional, technical and administrative body composed of personnel recruited for their qualification and experience in relation to the job requirements. The body operates as a team, under the Chief Executive Officer assisting and advising Council and implementing Council resolutions.

The executive is headed by the Chief Executive Office who is responsible for managing councils’ organization and its affairs. The CEO is council’s chief advisor

The CEO stands between the deliberate body and the executive and must therefore always be neutral enough to be able to provide the necessary link. Both parties look upon him to build the required TRUST and teamwork that will allow for achievement of set objectives. The executive body must report to the legislative body through the CEO and indeed, the legislation can only direct the executive through the CEO, their chief servant.

Committees of council will only be able to give intelligent advise to council of council officers, who are the “experts” in the field, give proper advice and guidance to their respective committees.

With TRUST and TEAMWORK, it will be possible to deliver the much needed services to the community

The following diagrams demonstrate a) The confused Council/CEO relationship, resulting in failure to deliver b) A sound Council/CEO relationship, yielding good performance hence good delivery of expectation.

(a) (b) Unhealthy Relationship Healthy Relationship

Councillors

Chairman of Councillors Committees Chairman of Committees Chairman Chairman

CEO Confusion Smooth Linkage

CEO

Heads of Heads of Department Department

Council Staff Council Staff

Committees of Rural District Council

For effective administration, Council divides itself into Committees. The role of the committees is to make sound policy decisions. Each committee has a Chairman who takes the recommendations from the Committee to Council.

The RDC carries out its duties through two bodies:

The policy making body – Councillors who determine policy

The administrative body - Council staff that operate as a team in implementing policy, assisting and advising Councillors.

The two bodies complement each other.

The CRDC has six Committees and departments which are:- o Administration and Human Resources o Finance o Audit o Technical Services o Social Services o Rural District Development

The Administration and Human Resources Committee is responsible for: 1. The supervision and monitoring of the organization, operations and affairs of the Council with a view to achieving co-ordination, efficiency and economy 2. Appointment and discharge of staff 3. Conditions of service of staff 4. Security and proper accounting of council assets 5. Purchases of Council

The Finance Committee which required to meet monthly is there to:- 1. Regulate the collection of all income and the expenditure of all monies authorized in the confirmed estimates or supplementary estimates of the Council. 2. Regulate the overall financial affairs of the Council and its Committees 3. Submit a schedule of all payments made by and on behalf of the Council and its committees every three months 4. Submit an interim report at the end of financial year showing financial transaction and affairs of Council during a given financial year. 5. Monitors the Income Generating projects of Council which is managed by a Board of Council Executive and the Council Chairman.

The Audit Committee is there to:- 1. Ensure that Council maintains effective and efficient control systems by complying with regulations and set procedures. 2. Recommend to Council improvements in management systems 3. Receive and consider external audit reports and make recommendations to Council 4. Ensure that resources are applied to the purpose intended.

The Technical Services Committee is there to ;- 1. Ensure that development of the District is in terms of the laws of the Country 2. Plan, construct and maintain roads 3. Approve, monitor and supervise capital projects in the district 4. Administer the Council workshop

The Social Services Committee has 2 sections which are responsible for;-

 Community Services section Health, Education, Community mobilization, Civil Protection, Water and Sanitation

 Agriculture, Natural Resources Management and Economic Development Agriculture, conservation and exploitation of natural resources and economic development projects for communities.

The Rural District Development Committee’s functions are to:- 1. To consider ward development plans submitted to it 2. Make recommendations to Council for inclusion in the annual development plan and other long term plans 3. Prepare annual district development plan for approval by the Council 4. Investigate the implementation of the annual development plan and other long term plans for the Council area.

Role - Play  Divide participants into committees of Council  Ask them to dramatize the main challenges militating against satisfactory performance by the Council  Each group should perform in not more than 10 minutes  Ask participants to say out how they felt, the learning points  Write the learning points on flip chart  Summarize the key points

SESSION FOUR

Development Structures of Local Government and their Functions

Introduction The government has established development structures in all rural areas. It is through these organizations that formal consultations and decision-making will be achieved. The diagram on the next page shows the structures from village level to national level.

Traditional Leadership This Act started being implemented in 2000, restoring power to traditional leaders. The Traditional Leaders Act gives Chiefs, Headmen and Village Heads powers to co-ordinate development and allocate land as agents of the RDC, manage national resources, preserve and maintain family life and culture, keep village population registers, try a range of cases and collect levies and taxies payable to Council. At village level the unit of local government is the village assembly, made up of adults in the village and chaired by the village head.

The WADCO is made up of chairman and secretaries of VIDCOs and is chaired by the ward councilor who takes up the issues and concerns of the ward to the RDDC through the RDC. The Councillor is the ward representative in Council.

Development Functions of RDC

Functions of the RDDC

The functions of a RDDC shall be-: These were dealt with in the previous chapter. Do you remember them?

Explain:………………………………………………………

Development Structures

PRESIDENT and Cabinet

Minister of local Government Rural & National Planning Commission Urban Development

Ministers of other Ministries

Provincial Governor (RESIDENT MINISTER)

Provincial Heads of other ministries Provincial Administrator

Provincial Joint meeting Provincial Development Council Committee

District Rural/District Mayor/ Heads of other Administrator Council Chairman Chairman Ministries

District Joint Rural District Urban Development Meeting Council Council

Ward Dev. Ward Dev. Committee Committee

Village Neighbourhood Dev. Committee Dev. Committee

Key Indicates basic of accountability of Chairmanship Indicates right of access and right to be informed

Indicates right of access and statutory relationship (only between the Minister of Local Government, Rural and Urban Development and Provincial Governor.

Functions of the Wadco o To co-ordinate village development plans and forward them to the RDDC through the RDC. o To be the link between Council and VIDCOs . o To consider and make recommendations to the Council on preparations from VIDCOs. o To co-ordinate the activities of VIDCOs in the ward. o To liaise with extension personnel in the formulation and implementation of programme by disseminating information and motivating the people.

Functions of the Vidco o To enable village to identify and articulate its needs. o To co-ordinate and forward needs to the Wadco. o To facilitate improved communication in the village and link with the Wadco. o To plan development at village level. o To co-operate with government workers in various development activities e.g 1. Pre- school 2. Adult literacy classes 3. Market stalls 4. Community projects.

Term of office of elected members o The term of office of elected members shall concurrently with the term of office of councilors. o Elections of members must take place at least two months before the election of councilors. Group work

List all people and organizations/structures involved in the running of the Council at district, ward and village levels. How are they elected or appointed? What are they expected to do (Roles and responsibilities) Organizations and people involved………………………………………… E.G. VIDCO, DDCs, WADCO etc ……………………………………………………………………………… How are the people elected or appointed……………………………………… Elected/appointed e.t.c. ………………………………………………………………………………. What are they expected to do…………………………………………… 21

SESSION FIVE

Council Finances

Sources of Revenue In order for Council to carry out the functions you have just learned about in the last chapter, it needs money.

Where does this money come from?

Open Discussion Group work To develop a list of sources of income which should be checked against the list below-:

The Chipinge Rural District Council’s main sources of revenue are as follows: a) Leases – payment charged for use of land in a communal land by the owner of a business. b) Development Levy- charge imposed on the head of a household who resides in a communal land. Head of household is any person occupying residential land or uses land for agricultural purposes whether male or female. c) Land Development Levy – charge imposed on owners of land and business operators in the Council area. d) User Charges – charged for services rendered e.g pegging fees, building inspection fees and water charges. e) Licences – (Trading and Vehicle) – Paid by dealers in terms of the laws of the country. f) Natural Resources Revenue and Charges – Proceeds from Campfire and royalties e.g sand. g) Interests from Investments – Interests on money invested. h) Income Generating Surplus – Projects from farming. i) Grants – From the Governement of Zimbabwe. j) Donations from NGOs

What is money collected by Council used for:

Participants form groups and discuss how Council money should be spent and report back to the plenary session. 22

Budget

What is Budget? A budget is a financial plan for a period which shows how money is going to be spent in the given period on one hand and how the funds are going to be raised.

Why do we budget? A budget is a management tool which;- a) helps Council to spend money in an organized manner. b) acts as a guide to forecast what expenditure is possible.

How and when do we budget? Annually and by 30 November Council budgets must be submitted to the central government for approval.

The residents who have to pay levies and rates to Council must be given the opportunity to influence Council budgets. Their needs are sent to Council through the developmental structures dealt with in the previous chapter. VIDCO-WADCO-RDDC-COUNCIL

Open discussion

Every year requests are submitted to Council but very little is done. WHY?

What must happen to the level and other charges if Council is to accomplish more developmental projects?

Towards Transparency

1. In order to promote transparency apart from the work of the Internal Audit Department the accounts of Council have to be audited by a registered firm of chartered accountants. 2. The public has the right to access the audited accounts and minutes of meetings. 3. Any interested citizen has the right to attend a Council meeting excluding Committee meetings. 4. Councillors and finance focal persons must feed back on Council financial performance every quarter.

SESSION SIX

How Central Government Works with Council

As already explained in the previous session, Local Government is a creation of central government. Local Government is founded on the principle that it cannot be imposed from above but must emerge from the driving force of the felt needs of the people. Its primary purpose is to place responsibility for decision making in local affairs on elected leaders, including appointed leaders, and stakeholder groups towards assisting people to acquire the attitudes, knowledge, skill and resources required to solve a wide range of local problems as far as is possible.

However, as we have seen in previous session all such local level decision making is not without guidelines: the Rural District Councils Act Chapter 29:13 provides framework for local governance. Further, a host of other Acts of Parliament also come into play. Central government is therefore represented in local governance matters through Ministries. These Ministries are co-ordinated by the Ministry of Local Government, Urban and Rural Development – the parent Ministry for Local Government. These Ministries give technical advice and assistance to the Rural District Council in its activities of Local governance. Each Ministry or its department has one or more Acts of Parliament to administer or enforces any number of these Acts of Parliament (with assistance from the parent ministry) when dealing with specific activities designed to provide services or solve people problems.

The development activites of the government ministries, departments and statutory bodies like ZINWA, GMB etc are co-ordinated by the RDDC – a committee of council that is chaired by the DA.

Some of the Ministries represented at district level are:-

1. Ministry of Local Government, Urban and Rural Development:- a) The Ministry is headed by the District Administrator (DA). b) The District Administrator co-ordinates all other Ministries in the district. c) The DA chairs the RDDC, which is a committee of Council in terms of the Rural District Councils Act. The membership of the RDDC is drawn from Council, all heads of Ministries and departments operating in the district plus parastatal bodies, non governmental bodies, and other stakeholder groups.

The RDDC discusses development issues and is responsible for compiling development plans for approval by the RDC. d) The DA also co-ordinates the functions of traditional leadership (chiefs, headmen and village heads). These traditional leaders form an important link in local governance as they are at local level. e) The DA on behalf of the Minister of Local Government ensures that the Council operates in terms of the RDC Act. f) In general the DA is the central government representative responsible for organizing state functions.

2. Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanisation and Irrigation Development

2.1 Department of AGRITEX a) Headed by a District Officer and well represented by extension workers in the Council wards b) Responsible for extension services in crop production c) Assist in the forming of farmers club for better farming methods d) Encourages farmers to hold area agricultural shows as a means of making farmers to share farming experiences.

2.2 Department of Irrigation under Ministry of Lands and Agriculture a) Headed by an Irrigation Officer with offices at the Government Complex. b) Responsible for assisting farmers to manage irrigation schemes and carry out extension services in irrigation schemes.

2.3 Department of Livestock Development under the Ministry of Lands and Agriculture a) Represented in the district and housed at the Government complex in Chipinge b) Responsible for development of all types of livestock e.g. cattle, goats, sheep, rabbits, chicken.

2.4 Research stations under the Ministry of Lands and Agriculture a) In Chipinge District, we have three research stations, (i) Chipinge Coffee research Station (ii) Middle Sabi Research Station (iii) Chisumbanje Research Station. b) The stations aim at high production of crops through carrying out various studies. c) Farmers can get advice from these stations on what crops to grow and manure to be applied as per different types of soils. 25

2.5 Veterinary Department under the Ministry of Lands and Agriculture a) Headed by a District Veterinary Officer (DVO) b) Responsible for domestic animal, health care and also for dipping and spraying of cattle. c) Controls movement of livestock from one place to another. d) The department is represented at sub-district level through animal health and nearly in every ward through dip tanks run by dip attendants.

3. Ministry of Lands and Resettlement a) This department is represented by a District Land Officer b) Responsible for rural resettlement in the former commercial areas

4. Ministry of Youth, Gender and Employment Creation a) Headed by a District Officer and well presented at Ward and Village level. b) Ministry has community workers such as Village Community workers, Ward co-ordinators, community Development Officers. c) Encourages formation of co-operative groups for economic or farming activities.

5. Ministry of Home Affairs

5.1 National Registration under the Ministry of Home Affairs a) Headed by a District Registrar and as of now has a sub-office at Chisumbanje. b) Responsible for issuing a number of certificates, the common ones being: i) Births certificates ii) Death certificates iii) National registration certificates iv) Passports c) Organizes parliamentary and District council elections

5.2 Zimbabwe Republic Police under the Ministry of Home Affairs a) Police District different from administrative district, the commanding district HQ is in Chipinge town. ZRP has stations and satellite centres at sub district level. b) Responsible for the security of the nation (the people and property) and apprehends wrong doers.

6. Ministry of Health and Child Welfare Headed by the District Medical Officer (DMO) who is based at Chipinge District Hospital. The Ministry has curative and preventive functions. a) Under curative, there are hospitals and clinics where people go for treatment. Chipinge District Hospital is mainly a referral centre where other hospitals and clinics refer critically ill patients for specialized treatment. At least every ward has a clinic or access to a clinic. The DMO is assisted by the District Nursing Officer who sees to it that health centres in the district operate properly. DNO also supervises Village Health Workers who operate in the wards furthering curative and health education services. The DNO is also responsible for immunization of children.

b) Under preventive function, the DMO is assisted by the District Environmental Health Technician (DEHT). At ward level the DEHT is represented by function of these workers is to prevent illnesses by doing preventive measures e.g. community people must drink clean water and use proper toilets like the blair toilet. The EHTs also operate in conjunction with clinic staff and Village Health Workers.

7. Ministry of Education Sports, Arts and Culture a) Headed by a District Education Officer (DEO) who is responsible for proper teaching of school children, both primary and secondary children. b) The DEO appoints teachers to work in schools and also sees to it that each school has proper facilities for use by school children such as classrooms, furniture, equipment and books. c) Most schools in the district are owned by parents through the Rural District Council. A number of them are also owned by organizations such as churches and companies. d) The Ministry is also responsible for early childhood learning of children.

8. Environmental Management Agency (EMA) a) Headed by a District Natural Resources Officer and currently not represented at sub-district level. b) Responsible for protection of natural resources such as indigenous forests, rivers and for enforcement of certain provisions in the Environment Act in conjunction with the Rural District Council.

9. District Development Fund (DDF) under the Ministry of Rural Resources and Water Development a) Headed by a District Co-ordinator

b) Has three main divisions operating in the district:-

i.. Roads division responsible for maintenance of designated roads in conjunction with the Rural District Council. This division has maintenance units at sub-district level. ii) Water division responsible for establishment of water points (mainly boreholes) and their maintenance in conjunction with the RDC. This division is headed by a Water Technician who supervises borehole maintenance units and also work in conjunction with the recently trained Village Pump Mechanics under the CBM (Community Based Management) programme on borehole maintenance. CBM is a programme under the Rural District Council. iii) Tillage Division responsible for ploughing operations both in communal and resettlement areas.

c) DDF is also given other responsibilities by government such as construction of schools in the fasttrack farming areas as well as a tillage unit.

10. Roads Section under the Ministry of Transport and Energy a) Responsible for construction and maintenance of roads of a national interest in the district and passing through district in conjunction with the Rural District council. This include construction and maintenance of bridges. b) This section has maintenance units in the district with a co-ordinating unit near Chipinge town

11 Ministry of Defence a) Represented by barracks in Chipinge Town and responsible for defence of nation. b) Defence forces offer community services, at times, when requested to do so.

12 Magistrates Courts under the Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs a) The Magistrates Courts are based in Chipinge Town and operate circuit courts at sub district level b) The courts deal with criminal and civil cases. The civic division has a section for community courts and these community courts are connected with the traditional leaders community courts.

13 Agricultural Rural Development Authority (ARDA) This is a government parastatal responsible for production of specified crops with a component for assisting rural farmers with farming inputs through loans and farming techniques. In partnership with an Investor ARDA is working on sugar cane production in Middle Save and Chisumbanje Estates. The cane will be used to produce ethanol. This big project is expected to bring development to Chipinge District.

14 Grain Marketing depots (GMB) Besides buying grain from farmers, GMB, distribute farming inputs through loans to rural farmers. GMB has facilities for establishment of temporary collection depots in wards when the need arises.

15 Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) under the Ministry of Finance Responsible for collection of government revenue and has offices in Chipinge Town. ZIMRA also gives advice on imports and exports of goods.

16 Posts and Telecommunications A government parastatal responsible for postal services and telecommunication services. Post Offices are also sub district level and postal agencies can be established more near to the people through applications. Telephones can also be extended to villages through applications. Netone and Econet have spread their coverage to most parts of the District. Telecell is in then Chipinge Town area.

17 Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA) A government parastatal responsible for construction of electricity lines to various centres in the district. ZESA has a component for expanded rural electrification programme. Schools, clinics, business centres and homes can benefit from this programme. Loan facilities are also available under this programme. 29

18 Agribank A government parastatal land bank responsible for granting agricultural loans to farmers for inputs and farming equipment.

19 Forestry commission A government parastatal responsible for protection of indigenous forest and establishment of exotic forests. In communities the Commission encourages establishment of woodlots including replanting of indigenous trees.

The Commission offers assistance on seeds and protection of woodlots

20 Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management under the Ministry of Environment and Tourism a) There is one National Park Office in Chipinge district which is controlled from Chimanimani Office. b) The department is responsible for all Wildlife Management and deals with Problem Animal Control (PAC) in collaboration with RDC. c) RDC was given an appropriate authority by the department: this allows the RDC to manage and utilize wildlife at selected places e.g. Mahenye and Mutandahwe campfire project.

Ministry and department workers based at sub district level, wards or villages are required to attend ward assembly and village assembly meetings to give advice on specific deliberations. They are also required to attend ward and village development committee meetings. The ward and village assemblies as well as the ward and village development committees can always ensure attendance of government workers responsible for specific activities through invitation at any time it is desirable to do so. This becomes very important when village and ward plans come under discussion.

Local governance start at grass roots level and it is important for inhabitants to participate in this bottom up approach in community development activities.

SESSION SEVEN

NGOs Operating in Chipinge District

Non-Governmental Organizations also participate in Development. They assist the local authorities and the government. These must be registered by the government

Name NGOs that operate in your ward and explain how they have assisted your community in development.

1. World Vision World Vision is an international organization, which focuses on children, drought relief and community empowerment. In Chipinge District it operates in 6 wards i.e. 12, 16, 17, 18, 20 and 22.

It is involved in the following activities: a) Provision of classroom blocks, teachers`houses and school furniture. b) Payment of school fees for AIDS orphans c) Assisting communities with farming inputs e.g. maize seeds and fertilizers d) HIV/AIDS activities in 3 thematic areas i.e. prevention, care and advocacy e) Malaria control, awareness meetings and distribution of mosquito repellants to communities f) Procurement of essential drugs that are in short supply in the 7 clinics in the wards it is operating in. g) Provision of materials for consolidated gardens.

The organization has a district office, which is housed at the Government Offices Complex Block A&B

2. Plan International Plan international is a Zimbabwean organization, which focuses on children and emergency relief. In Chipinge District it operates in wards 1, 4, 14, 15, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29. The organization has district offices housed at the Government Offices Block B and the contact address is P.O Box 271 Chipinge.

Some of the activities that it is involved in are as follows: a) Provision of classroom blocks, teachers’ houses and school furniture, textbooks, stationery, Payment of school fees for foster children including uniforms. b) Provision of farming inputs seeds and fertilizers. c) Provision of water and sanitation facilities including Community Based Management training and CBM tool sets. d) HIV/AIDS prevention, care and advocacy. e) Provision of materials for consolidated gardens.

3. Christian Care Christian care is a Zimbabwean organization that focuses on humanitarian aid. In Chipinge District it operates in wards 3, 16, 22 and 23. The organization has no offices in Chipinge. It is based in Mutare and its offices are at No.80 2nd street and the address is P.O Box 926 Mutare.

Its main activities in the district are as follows: a) Assisting communities in income generating projects. b) Distributing of drought relief food stuffs. c) Provision of farming inputs. d) Provision of WASH facilities at Child friendly schools and clinics

4. Zimbabwe Red Cross Society This is an international humanitarian aid organization that assists communities that are affected by disasters. In Chipinge District the Zimbabwe Red Cross Society operates in ward 15. It has district offices housed at the Government Offices Complex Block A. It is mainly dealing with HIV/AIDS activities namely prevention, care and advocacy. The organization gives food to both AIDS orphans and AIDS Patients.

5. Farm Orphan Support Trust (FOST) FOST solicits and facilitates support for children in especially difficult circumstances particularly orphans on commercial farms in Zimbabwe. It seeks to avoid costly and culturally undesirable institutional care by keeping children in their communities of origin. The overall aim is to pro-actively increase the capacities of the farming communities to respond to the impending orphan crisis and ensure that systems are in place to protect and care for the vulnerable individuals. The organization is operating in wards 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13. It has offices in Mutare.

The main activities are as follows: a) Education assistance b) Psycho-social support c) Child supplementary feeding d) Life – skills (Malnutrition, vocational skills, parenting skills etc.) e) Home Based Care f) Child Headed Household Programme g) Youth Programme

6. Africa 2000 Network The UNDP Africa 2000 Network focuses on the provision of direct assistance to communities in enhancing their livelihood and protection of their surrounding environment as well as offering technical support directly at the level of communities. Thus, it supports local communities and institutions in executing environmental protection, ecologically sustainable ways of food production and provision of fuel wood. It operates in wards 4, 18, 22, 23 and 25.

The organization is involved in the following activities: a) Institution building for project management b) Fuel wood provision c) Land care encompassing gully reclamation and re- afforestation d) Small livestock projects e) Food production especially in gardens using environmental friendly methods e.g. organic farming f) Water harvesting g) Information dissemination – newsletter production h) Building capacity for each project and intensive use of participatory methodologies i) Establishment of small irrigation schemes.

The organization is based in Harare at 60 Selous Avenue

7. United Nations Children`s Fund (UNICEF) UNICEF is an international humanitarian organization that focuses on mainly women and children. It also assists communities that are affected by Natural disasters. In Chipinge District, the organization is operating in all the wards.

It is involved in the following activities: a) IMCI b) Water and Sanitation c) Provision of classroom blocks, teachers` houses, school furniture, textbooks, school toilets d) ECEC – Pre – schools e) Training of trainers and village registers

The organization is based in Harare and is isolated at No 6 Fairbridge Avenue – Belgravia. It can be contacted on P.O Box 1250 Harare.

8. Manicaland Development Association MDA is a registered membership organization geared to promote development in the rural areas of the 7 districts of Manicaland province. It is from its membership that MDA also get membership fees and the members will also participate in a number of MDA organized activities in return. In Chipinge District it is operating in all the 30 Wards. The main activities are civic awareness The organization is based is Mutare at 128 Herbert Chitepo Street and the contact address is P.O Box 976 Mutare.

9. Southern Alliance For Indigenous Resources (SAFIRE) SAFIRE is a Zimbabwean organization that focuses on the empowerment of communities through sustainable utilization of indigenous resources. However in Chipinge District it has changed its focuses and is now empowering the irrigation schemes in wards 1 and 3 with marketing strategies.

This organization is based in Chimanimani District. Their contact address is Chimanimani Council Offices Box 65 Chimanimani.

10. Action Contra La Faim (ACF) Action Contra La Faim is an international humanitarian aid organization that focuses on the reduction of malnutrition in the under five years. In Chipinge District the organization carried out this Programme in conjunction with the major hospitals mainly Chipinge District hospital, Mt Selinda Hospital, Chikore Hospital and St Peters Mission Hospital.

Currently the programme has stopped but the organization has taken another dimension of providing most vulnerable communities with water and sanitation facilities. 34

It has just completed such a project in ward 4 and it intends to move into another ward. Currently involved in the establishment of low input gardens in wards 1 and 22 including drilling of new boreholes or rehabilitation of boreholes at the gardens. The offices are at 106 Moodie Street Chipinge.

11. Family Aids Caring Trust It has 4 sections namely New start , New life Centre and Behaviour Change and ECD (Livelihood projects). The four programmes provide a comprehensive approach or holistic care in terms of Testing and Counselling, care, treatment, support, mitigation for people living with HIV/AIDS.

It has an office in Chipinge at 208 Phillips Avenue, Low Density Suburb

12. Medecines Du Monde (MDM) This is an international organization that focuses on sexual and reproductive health, maternal, and child health, capacity building/institutional strengthening and epidemic disease surveillance. It operates in all the 30 wards of the district. The offices are located at 190 5th street, Chipinge.

13. United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR) This is an international organization. It focuses on the strengthening of household food security amongst the vulnerable communities and individuals to promote such communities access to basic health clean water and sanitation. And also assist on access to basic education. It operates in the following wards: 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,19,24,25,26,27,28,29 and 30. The offices are in medium density, Chipinge.

14. Diocese of Mutare Community Care Programme (DOMCCP)/St Peters Home Based Care. This is a Zimbabwean organization that focuses on reducing community vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. It operates in ward 16,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28.29 and 30.

Some of its main activities in the district are as follows: a) Home visits b) Distribution of home based care kits c) Support and treatment

Its offices are located at St Peters Mission Hospital in Checheche.

15. Africare This is an international humanitarian organization that provides nutrition rehabilitation for people living with HIV/AIDS an enhancement of food security and nutritional status of families affected by HIV/AIDS. It has offices in Checheche Growth Point and operated in wards 16,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29 and 30. It also operates in the 8 wards in Chipinge Town.

Its main activity is targeted food distribution.

16. Norwegian Refuge Council (NRC) This is an international humanitarian organization that provides relief services, humanitarian support and support community development programmes for vulnerable communities.

It mainly focuses on o The promotion, support and implementation of emergency food security and livelihood initiatives for mobile and vulnerable communities. It also improves access to education and learning environment for mobile and vulnerable children. o Promotion of agricultural and livestock management systems for better production o Improved access to markets and improved value addition in order to increase incomes o Improve education infrastructure It operates in wards 5,12,15,20 and 22. It has offices in Chipinge Town

17. Childline Zimbabwe This is a local humanitarian organization that has a drop-in centre where it provides timely counselling and pyschosocial support to children who have been abused and where children families or concerned citizens can report cases of abuse.

Its main activities are to raise awareness in the community on children rights and responsibilities, child abuse issues, child protection, participation and safety nets. It has offices at Manesa Flats where Plan International is housed in Chipinge Town.

18. Mercy Corps This is an international humanitarian organization that mainly focuses on food security and WSAH to vulnerable communal people.

Its main activities are: o To improve food production at communal and house hold level and reduce dependence on food aid by rehabilitating small irrigation schemes and establishment of food agriculture nutrition gardens o Rehabilitation of water points at the garden and in the communities o Refresher training courses for Agritex Extension staff and EHTs o Well upgrading o Training of Trainers for Community Health Clubs It operates in wards 2,3,24,25,26,27,28 and 29 It has offices in Checheche Growth point.

19. Natural Farming Network (NFN) This is an alliance of local organizations that range from NGOs, CBOs, and Training Centres that are involved in various development programmes aimed at reducing poverty and improving the social economic status of marginalized communities. Its main activities are o WASH o General summer inputs support o Conservation farming o Small livestock Support o Nutrition gardens o Agro-forestry o Self help groups

It operates in some villages in wards 20 and 22 It has offices at Birchenough Bridge Growth Point.

20. International Organization for Migration (IOM) Focuses on Internally Displaced People and has assisted flood victims along the Save River and the Mugondi people in ward 15

21. Civic Forum on Housing (CFH) Formed in 1995, the Civic Forum on Housing works with its members to increase communication, information dissemination and identify problem- solving and/or consensus building strategies among civic groups and respective 37

local governments so as to enable civic organizations and community groups to play a more pro-active role in local authority service provision and build effective linkages and interaction with central government to influence local government policy and service delivery mechanisms.

In Chipinge and three other rural district councils which are Mutoko, Nyaminyami and Tsholotsho the CFH is working in all 30 wards implementing a project called Local Governance and Citizen Participation (LGCPP) whose overall objective is to promote democratic, effective, transparent and accountable local governance in Rural District Councils in Zimbabwe through the engagement of all stakeholders and the communities in particular. To this end, the CFH played an instrumental role in financing the 2010/2011 budget consultation exercise which saw budget consultation meetings held in 120 centres in Chipinge and training of Ward Facilitators and Council staff in Participatory Planning.

CFH is based in Harare at the 2000 Jubilee Centre, 2nd Floor Corner Livingstone Avenue and Fifth Street.

SESSION EIGHT

8.1 Good Corporate Governance Good corporate governance in local government is about giving stakeholders the right to be involved in the decision making process in all areas of local governance as funders and recipients of council services.

At the association of Rural District Councils Congress in 1999, President Mugabe defined good local governance as the process of involving people in the making of decisions, which affect their livelihood in a transparent and accountable manner. It includes strong participation of citizens, timely response to residents’ needs by local authorities, effective service delivery, a clear shared local governance policy and peace and tolerance.

These principles should be reflected in the five dimensions relevant to good corporate governance which are a) Community focus 38

b) Demand driven service delivery c) Ethical conduct of business d) Community ownership of projects, programmes and activities

The practice of good corporate governance is dependent, among other issues, on the character or characteristics of the civic leaders of Council. Indeed there is a need for patriotic and dedicated cadres in RDCs with a clear commitment to public office.

8.2 Citizen Participation and Empowerment - the way to go

Accepting the fact that local authorities will never have sufficient resources to provide all services, communities have to make a contribution by participating in service delivery. This participation of communities in Chipinge has been called Enhanced Participatory Service delivery (ESPD). This concept embraces Community Based Planning and Community Based Management.

Facilitator to form groups to look and report back on 1. Areas where community based management is already taking place in the village or ward and how it may be improved. 2. Areas where community based planning and management can enhance service delivery and how that may be achieved in the village or ward.

8.3 Good Corporate Governance principles The two principles underpinning corporate governance are o Transparency o Accountability

Facilitator through discussion to explain the meanings of the principles to the group.

8.4 Important Values in Good Corporate Governance in Local Governance are: o Fairness o Accountability o Responsibility o Transparency o Discipline/professionalism o Independence 39

o Integrity

Facilitator to ask participants to explain the meaning of the values mentioned above.

SESSION NINE

Sustainable development in RDC’s work

Objectives of the Session 1. To appreciate the meaning of sustainable development in the context of RDC work. 2. To unearth the reasons for lack of development in a certain area. 3. To discuss strategies of promoting sustainable development

Materials required 1. Flip chart paper 2. Might markers

Method Start by doing a quick re-cap of the previous session.

Introduce the subject of sustainable development by asking participants to share their own understanding of the concept of sustainable development and the signs/ evidence of real development taking place in a community. The following may be possible responses. o Active participation of citizens in policy formulation, development planning and implementation. o Conserving natural resources and avoiding pollution. o Equal distribution of resources, transparency and accountability. o Respect for human rights and promoting good governance o Social justice o Gender equality o Enhanced Participatory Service Delivery o Tolerance o Effective partnerships between CSOs, churches, private sector and residents.

Proceed with the session by asking one or two participants to read out the key challenges that came out of the role- plays [Session three] and the plenary discussions. [These should have been clustered] post them up if possible. Examples of the challenges include: o Human resources constraints [Numbers, competencies, motivation e.t.c] o Limited capacity in terms of equipment required such as computers. o Corruption o Small revenue base/ RDC Income o Operating environment o Lack of commitment by the community/ apathy.

Group work

In a groups ask participants to answer the following two questions: o What is causing the above o What practical action should be taken by the Rural District Council and the communities to deal with the challenges or problems

[You may use a table in providing responses]

Issues/ challenges Main reasons Proposed solution Human Resources constraints [Numbers, competencies, motivation etc] 41

Limited capacity in terms of equipment required such as computers. Corruption Small revenue base/ RDC Income eg why people not paying rates? Operating environment Lack of commitment by the community/ apathy Some of the key points in promoting sustainable development in a specific area include:

o Creating structures for participation of stakeholders including NGOs and Key Points individuals in planning processes and other development initiatives such as budgeting [Ensure that there is a share vision for the council] o Ensure that persons are in positions of leadership [Starting at village to provincial level] because of skills, competencies, and clean track record of success and of course through democratic means. o Creating platforms for dialogue and information exchange to discuss interests of residents. o Stimulating and supporting community innovations and projects as well as strengthening indigenous knowledge systems. o Putting in place efficient, transparent and accountable systems. o Allow communities to provide feedback and build a culture of responsiveness. o Delegate specific tasks / actively involve communities [Have clear roles and responsibilities for all players] o Strengthen the capacity of communities and local authorities to deliver services o Strive to build sustainable partnerships with all stakeholders in and outside the district. o Empower communities, particularly women and children , who are generally more vulnerable. o Coming up with clear fundraising strategy [locally, nationally and internationally] o Promote and protect human rights of all people including those living with HIV and AIDS, with disabilities, women, children and young people etc.

o Continuous research on needs, expectations and preferences or residents and other stakeholders. o Set a clear monitoring and evaluation framework

Roles and responsibilities in sustainable development

In order for the RDC to play a vital and important role in developing the country it is necessary that they have the economic strength to do so.

Facilitator through discussion to reflect on the sources of revenue to Council and how communities can assist in maximizing revenue collection.

In participatory development the people of an area are an economic resource as they can contribute money materials and labour to local development projects. This contribution can only be derived if the priorities and needs of the people are the ones being addressed. These are submitted as ward development plans annually. The technical experts at the Council, cost the activities suggested and prioritized by residents to come up with a rational budget.

When an annual budget has been drawn up it is supposed to be discussed with the locals so they are aware of the year’s developments and revenue utilization. This ensure that residents of an area enjoy transparency on the way money paid in rates is used.

The Councillor for a given area is answerable to voters who gave him responsibility to steer development of their area. He/she is obliged to convene planning, review meeting as well as explaining Council resolutions on issues raised by residents. Residents on the other hand have a right to quiz the Councillor on issues submitted and resolutions thereof.

The Council employees who are technical experts contribute to implementation of projects and continuity of Council administrative function. Other development agents’ projects are supposed to address priority issue identified in wards and incorporated in district development plan. They also contribute technical expertise

and facilitatory functions in mobilizing communities for action. They must work through existing local authority structures.

Conduct of Councillors and Officials o Every Councillor and official is responsible to the public o Councillors and officials should conduct themselves so as to promote full confidence of the public in the integrity of its local authority o No Councillor or official should make use of advance or confidential information for personal gain or for the personal gain of others o To avoid conflict of interest where a Councillor/ official has direct financial interest in a decision taken he should not take part in such decision. o Councillors and officials should have no difficulty in cases of conflict of interest if they are not involved in the proceedings.

Remember that they are engaged in public business and must consider whether they have direct or indirect interest before they take part in any proceedings.

SESSION TEN

Way forward

Objective of the session To develop way forward for future collaboration and enhancing participatory service delivery in villages.

Material 1. Flip chart 2. Mighty markers 3. Zope cards 4. Stick staff

Method

Present a summary of all the issues covered during the different sessions. Ask participants to complete the below log frame. The following questions will be used to guide the groups: a) What priority issues/ action points need to be addressed in order to achieve the desired goal of the Community? b) By when should the activities be completed? c) What should be the role of residents, Council and other stakeholders [Name them]

Priority Deadline Role of Role of RDC Role of other Action points/ residents stakeholders activities 1 2 3 4 5 6

Conclusion Thank participants for being cooperative. Circulate an evaluation form. Request for any questions or clarifications. In summing up outline the steps to be taken after the training workshop. Also agree on a monitoring and evaluation framework. Appendices

1. First schedule. Power of RDCs

2. Map of Chipinge

First Schedule [Section 71 of RDC Act] Powers of RDCs

RDCs have powers and authority over the following:

1. Acquisition, maintenance, development and disposal of property 2. Open spaces 3. Recreational facilities 4. Show grounds

5. Trees 6. Conservation of natural resources 7. Bush fires 8. Fences 9. Clearing of Land 10. Cultivation and farming 11. Grazing 12. Agricultural and other services 13. Animal diseases 14. Facilities for animals 15. Fisheries 16. Slaughter houses 17. Markets and agricultural and other produce 18. Sale of products 19. Manufacture and sale of mahewu 20. Roads, bridges, dams e.t.c 21. Parking 22. Omnibuses 23. Ferries 24. Lighting 25. Decorations and illuminations 26. Advertising hoardings 27. Drains 28. Sewers and sewerage works 29. Water 30. Obstruction of water flow 31. Pollution 32. Public sanitary conveniences 33. Effluent/ refuse removal and treatment 34. Control of pests 35. Hospitals, clinics and health services 36. Ambulances 37. Fire Brigades 38. Creches 39. Maternity and child welfare services 40. Family planning services 41. Charitable institutions 42. Maintenance allowances 43. Funerals 44. Grants to charities, sports e.g 46

45. Grants to other local authorities 46. Educational institutions 47. Youth centers 48. Employments bureau 49. Libraries, museums, theatres, Public halls, botanical and zoological gardens 50. Orchestras and bands 51. Aerodromes and helicopter stations 52. Boats 53. Publicity 54. Public entertainment 55. Allowances for Councillors and members of committees 56. Traveling expenses 57. Courses for Councillors and other committees 58. Loan for officers 59. Congresses 60. Subscriptions to associations 61. Insurance 62. Mementoes 63. Coats of arms and seal 64. Monuments, statues and relics