DOCSLIB.ORG

Velocity of the Falling Dispersal Units in Zelkova Abelicea: Remarkable Evolutionary Conservation Within the Relict Tree Genus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Velocity of the Falling Dispersal Units in Zelkova Abelicea: Remarkable Evolutionary Conservation Within the Relict Tree Genus ORIGINAL ARTICLE Velocity of the falling dispersal units in Zelkova abelicea: remarkable evolutionary conservation within the relict tree genus Daniele Certini1 , Laurence Fazan2, Naomi Nakayama3 , Ignazio Maria Viola1 , and Gregor Kozlowski2,4,5,6 Manuscript received 13 May 2020; revision accepted 14 September PREMISE: Seed dispersal is extremely important for the recovery and restoration of forest 2020. communities. Relict tree genus Zelkova possesses a unique dispersal mechanism: mature 1 School of Engineering, Institute of Energy Systems, University of fruits fall with the entire twig, and the dried leaves that are still attached function as a Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh drag-enhancing appendage, carrying the fruits away from the parent tree. This singular EH9 3FB, United Kingdom adaptation has never been investigated in Z. abelicea. 2 Department of Biology and Botanic Garden, Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, METHODS: Drop tests with dispersal units and individual fruits of Z. abelicea were Fribourg, Switzerland performed in controlled conditions to measure their dispersal velocity and to define their 3 Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Bessemer flight mode. Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom 4 Natural History Museum Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, CH-1700, RESULTS: Zelkova abelicea uses both slowly falling dispersal units with chaotic motion, as Fribourg, Switzerland well as fast falling individual fruits using a straight path. The falling velocity of Z. abelicea 5 Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese dispersal units is 1.53 m s-1, which is virtually identical to that of the East Asiatic Z. serrata Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, 3888 (1.51 m s-1). In contrast, the falling velocity of individual fruits was 2.74 m s-1 (Z. serrata: 5.36 Chenhua Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, China m s-1). 6Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Citation: Certini, D., L. Fazan, N. Nakayama, I. Viola, and G. CONCLUSIONS: Members of the genus Zelkova, growing today in distant regions, show Kozlowski. 2020. Velocity of the falling dispersal units in Zelkova remarkable evolutionary conservation of the velocity and flight mechanics of their abelicea: remarkable evolutionary conservation within the relict tree dispersal units. This is surprising because the Mediterranean and East Asiatic Zelkova genus. American Journal of Botany. 107(12): 1–8. species have been separated at least 15–20 mya. Zelkova abelicea, although growing in the doi:10.1002/ajb2.1581 Mediterranean with completely different forest structure and composition, still uses the same dispersal mechanism. The dispersal capacity of the genus Zelkova is less efficient than that of other wind dispersed trees, and it presumably evolved for short-distance ecological spread and not for long-distance biogeographical dispersal. KEY WORDS Crete; diaspore flight dynamics; relict tree; seed dispersal; terminal velocity; threatened species; Ulmaceae; wind dispersal. Seed dispersal is universally considered extremely important for Oyama et al., 2018b), and it has never been investigated in Z. abeli- metapopulation dynamics and for the recovery and restoration cea (Kozlowski et al., 2018). of Mediterranean forest communities (Trakhtenbrot et al., 2005). Relict tree species of Zelkova were important elements of the Members of the relict tree genus Zelkova (Ulmaceae) possess a vast forests that prevailed throughout the Northern Hemisphere unique dispersal mechanism (referred sometimes as “decurtation”): during much of the Cenozoic Period (Mai, 1995; Fineschi et al., mature fruits fall with the entire twig, and the dried leaves that 2002, 2004). Relicts are remnants of past populations that have are still attached function as a wing-like drag-enhancing append- become fragmented by climate-driven changes and habitat loss age, carrying the fruits away from the parent tree (Kozlowski and (Hampe and Jump, 2011). They were left behind during past range Gratzfeld, 2013). The detachment of the fruiting shoot is not in- shifts and can persist today only in enclaves of benign environmen- cidental but is related to the abscission process, similar to that of tal conditions within an inhospitable regional climate (Woolbright the autumnal shedding of leaves. However, nothing is known about et al., 2014). Currently, the Zelkova genus comprises six extant spe- the anatomy of the abscission zone. Generally, this singular adapta- cies with disjunct distribution patterns (Wu and Raven, 2003; Denk tion of the genus Zelkova has been poorly studied (Hoshino, 1990; and Grimm, 2005; Kozlowski et al., 2018): three in eastern Asia (Z. American Journal of Botany 107(12): 1–8, 2020; http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/AJB © 2020 Botanical Society of America • 1 2 • American Journal of Botany serrata, Z. schneideriana and Z. sinica), one in southwestern Asia Mountains (Søndergaard and Egli, 2006). It is currently found in (Z. carpinifolia) and two on the Mediterranean islands of Sicily (Z. scattered and isolated stands within the five main mountain ranges sicula) and Crete (Z. abelicea). of Crete (Lefka Ori, Psiloritis, Kedros, Dikti, and Thripti) distrib- Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. is a broadleaved endemic tree of uted from 900 m a.s.l. to the upper tree limit at approximately Crete (Fazan et al., 2012) (Fig. 1). This species was supposedly wide- 1800 m a.s.l. (Egli, 1997; Kozlowski et al., 2014). In some areas, Z. spread in the past and may have formed a forest belt in the Cretan abelicea may form mixed stands with Acer sempervirens, Quercus A B C FIGURE 1. Dispersal units of Zelkova abelicea. (A) Population composed of large and fruiting trees (Dikti Mountains, Crete); (B–C) Closeup showing the morphology and variability of dispersal units used in this study. Scale bars = 10 mm. 2020, Volume 107 • Certini et al.—Dispersal in relict trees • 3 coccifera, and occasionally Cupressus sempervirens. Most fre- We considered the wing loading of the dispersal unit, defined as quently, however, the species has a scattered distribution with few the ratio between its weight (W = mg, where g = 9.81 m s-2) and the to no arborescent individuals in a more or less degraded phrygana leaf surface area S. For the calculation of S, the dispersal units were with numerous dwarfed individuals. placed over a flat surface, and the projected area on the horizontal The species does not tolerate very xeric conditions and is there- plane was measured with a camera and the image processing soft- fore preferentially found on north-facing slopes in and around do- ware Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012) (Fig. 1, Appendix S1). The length lines where the soil moisture and water supply are most adequate of leaves l was also measured as the maximum Euclidean distance (Egli, 1997; Søndergaard and Egli, 2006). Zelkova abelicea is also between two points of the leaf. The leaf thicknesst was evaluated found growing on scree slopes and around riverbeds that are active with an RS PRO Micrometer External (RS Components Ltd., Corby, only during extreme precipitation events as well as at high eleva- Northants, United Kingdom), with an accuracy of 1 μm. tions on south-facing slopes. It is most frequent in the Lefka Ori and Dikti Mountains, with only one known population in the Psiloritis Drop tests and Thripti Mountains and a very scattered but widespread popula- tion on Mt. Kedros (Egli, 1997; Kozlowski et al., 2018). The species The flight path and terminal velocityw of dispersal units and fruits is listed as endangered in the International Union for Conservation alone were studied by performing drop tests. We used a similar ex- of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (Kozlowski et al., perimental setup in the so-called “dead air space” as described in 2012), is protected under Greek law, and is included in the Bern Oyama et al. (2018b) to avoid the influence of any air movement Convention and in Annexes II and IV of the European Habitats and to better compare both studies. This drop test took place in a Directive (Fournaraki and Thanos, 2006). Pastoral activities pose closed room without windows and minimizing the movements, to the most important threats to the species, as not only browsing by reduce air motion. Testo 405 (Testo Ltd., Alton Hampshire, United goats, but also trampling by numerous sheep or goats prevent seed- Kingdom), a thermal anemometer, was used to ensure the presence lings from establishing and dwarfed shrubs from growing tall and of still air in the region of the experiment, according to Cummins fructifying. et al. (2018) and Murren and Ellison (1998). Testo 405 was placed The aim of our work was to understand the underlying fluid me- on a rod, more than 0.2 m from the vertical axis where the fruit chanics of Z. abelicea dispersal units. More specifically, we aimed was falling and far from the ground. Dispersal units (n = 32) and to answer the following questions: (1) What is the falling velocity fruits removed from the dispersal units (n = 27) were dropped three of the dispersal units in comparison with solitary fruits of Z. abeli- times, with zero initial velocity from a height of 1.8 m in quiescent cea? (2) What is the velocity of the dispersal units of Z. abelicea in air, to record a complete fall over 1 m, at a distance of 1 m from comparison with other Zelkova species and other wind dispersed the camera. The 95% confidence intervals were calculated using bi- plants? (3) What is the flight mode of the dispersal units? Finally, we as-corrected and accelerated bootstrapping. discuss the implications of our findings to understand the ecology The fall occurred in the focal plane of the camera at a distance of Z. abelicea and the implications for conservation of this endan- greater than 200 mm from every solid boundary to avoid wall ef- gered relict tree.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecology and Potential Distribution of the Cretan Endemic Tree Species Zelkova Abelicea
    JournalJournal of Mediterranean of Mediterranean Ecology Ecology vol. 16, vol. 2018: 16, 15-26 2018 © Firma Effe Publisher, Reggio Emilia, Italy Ecology and potential distribution of the Cretan endemic tree species Zelkova abelicea Goedecke, F. & Bergmeier, E. University of Göttingen, Dept. Vegetation and Phytodiversity Analysis, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Relict species, Species distribution modelling, Ecological niche, Genetic isolation, Metapopulation, Plant conservation, Crete. Abstract Mediterranean mountain forests feature woody species relicts such as Zelkova abelicea, an endemic tree species confined to six spatially and genetically distinct populations in Crete (S Aegean, Greece). We used species distribution modelling to predict the potential distribution of Zelkova abelicea. Comparison of coordinate-based geodata extractions for climate and topography revealed pronounced environmental differences for the metapopulations. Main factors for species distribution models were altitude and temperature seasonality (proxy for west-east gradient) whereas topographic conditions had surpris- ingly little influence on our models. While the most extensive Zelkova metapopulations were found to occur under locally fairly mesic conditions and comprising a wider ecological spectrum, the smaller populations comprising narrower ecological range occurred at lower elevations and further east. For further extrapolation with similar models for known populations, only similar site conditions allowed for a prediction. Differentiated site conditions in the mountains, genetic distinctness and possible environmental adaptations of isolated populations are to be considered in conservation and management. Introduction in the Sicilian mountains (Quézel & Médail 2003). Other prominent examples refer to the genus Zelkova A particularity of Mediterranean forests is the con- (Ulmaceae).
    [Show full text]
  • What Is a Tree in the Mediterranean Basin Hotspot? a Critical Analysis
    Médail et al. Forest Ecosystems (2019) 6:17 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-019-0170-6 RESEARCH Open Access What is a tree in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot? A critical analysis Frédéric Médail1* , Anne-Christine Monnet1, Daniel Pavon1, Toni Nikolic2, Panayotis Dimopoulos3, Gianluigi Bacchetta4, Juan Arroyo5, Zoltán Barina6, Marwan Cheikh Albassatneh7, Gianniantonio Domina8, Bruno Fady9, Vlado Matevski10, Stephen Mifsud11 and Agathe Leriche1 Abstract Background: Tree species represent 20% of the vascular plant species worldwide and they play a crucial role in the global functioning of the biosphere. The Mediterranean Basin is one of the 36 world biodiversity hotspots, and it is estimated that forests covered 82% of the landscape before the first human impacts, thousands of years ago. However, the spatial distribution of the Mediterranean biodiversity is still imperfectly known, and a focus on tree species constitutes a key issue for understanding forest functioning and develop conservation strategies. Methods: We provide the first comprehensive checklist of all native tree taxa (species and subspecies) present in the Mediterranean-European region (from Portugal to Cyprus). We identified some cases of woody species difficult to categorize as trees that we further called “cryptic trees”. We collected the occurrences of tree taxa by “administrative regions”, i.e. country or large island, and by biogeographical provinces. We studied the species-area relationship, and evaluated the conservation issues for threatened taxa following IUCN criteria. Results: We identified 245 tree taxa that included 210 species and 35 subspecies, belonging to 33 families and 64 genera. It included 46 endemic tree taxa (30 species and 16 subspecies), mainly distributed within a single biogeographical unit.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1
    Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1 Authors: Jiang, Wei, He, Hua-Jie, Lu, Lu, Burgess, Kevin S., Wang, Hong, et. al. Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(2) : 171-229 Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden Press URL: https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annals-of-the-Missouri-Botanical-Garden on 01 Apr 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS Volume 104 Annals Number 2 of the R 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Wei Jiang,2,3,7 Hua-Jie He,4,7 Lu Lu,2,5 POLLEN. 7. NITROGEN-FIXING Kevin S. Burgess,6 Hong Wang,2* and 2,4 CLADE1 De-Zhu Li * ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of the Sterile Relict Tree Zelkova Sicula, Sicily, Italy
    Translocation to prevent extinction in face of global change: the case of the sterile relict tree Zelkova sicula, Sicily, Italy Giuseppe Garfì1, Stephane Buord2, Angela Carra1, Caterina Catalano1, Laurence Fazan3, Catherine Gautier2, Alessandro Silvestre Gristina1, Salvatore Livreri Console1,4, Antonio Motisi1, Giancarlo Perrotta5, Gregor Kozlowski3 & Salvatore Pasta1 1 - Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Italian National Research Council, corso Calatafimi 414, I-90129 Palermo, Italy [email protected] 2 - Conservatoire Botanique National de Brest, 52 allée du Bot, F-29200 Brest, France [email protected] 3 - Department of Biology and Botanical Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland [email protected] 4 - Marine Protected Area “Isole Egadi”, Piazza Europa, 3, I-91023 Favignana, Italy [email protected] 5 - Dipartimento Regionale Sviluppo Rurale e Territoriale, Regione Siciliana, via S. Giovanni alle Catacombe 7, I-96100 Siracusa, Italy [email protected] Introduction Zelkova sicula Di Pasquale, Garfì & Quézel is a narrow endemic tree listed in the Italian Red List of vascular plants and reported as ‘CR’ (Critically Endangered) according to IUCN criteria (Garfì et al., 2017a). This species counts only two extant sub-populations located between 350 and 500 m a.s.l.. They colonize the bottom of little stream catchments of the outcropping base- rich volcanic rocks of the Hyblaean Plateau (SE Sicily), where they benefit from a seasonal water supply. Both sub-populations have been discovered recently (in 1991 and 2009, respectively) and are about 17 km distant from each other (Garfì et al., 2011). There are approximately 260 and 1,540 individuals respectively, and both of them probably represent the result of century-lasting clonal spreading (root suckers) from two single triploid, non- reproductive, plants (Christe et al., 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Overcoming Sexual Sterility in Conservation of Endangered Species
    Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01558-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Overcoming sexual sterility in conservation of endangered species: the prominent role of biotechnology in the multiplication of Zelkova sicula (Ulmaceae), a relict tree at the brink of extinction Angela Carra1 · Caterina Catalano1 · Ornella Badalamenti1 · Francesco Carimi1 · Salvatore Pasta1,2 · Antonio Motisi1 · Loredana Abbate1 · Francesca La Bella1 · Laurence Fazan2 · Gregor Kozlowski2,3 · Giuseppe Garfì1 Received: 13 September 2018 / Accepted: 7 January 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 Abstract Biotechnology provides valuable tools to support conservation of plant species, especially in case of threatened taxa or when dealing with seed unavailability, low viability or sterility. However, plant cell culture methods have often to face prob- lems associated with tissue recalcitrance to in vitro systems. Recalcitrance can be related to a variety of triggering factors, involving many efforts and manipulations within one or more of the micropropagation stages before obtaining successful results. An in vitro propagation protocol was developed for Zelkova sicula, a very rare and endangered relict tree, endemic to Sicily (Southern Italy). The species revealed extremely recalcitrant to in vitro culture approaches, but after many trials throughout a number of years an effective micropropagation protocol was completed. The rooting rate was about 84% of the treated explants, 8% of which were successfully acclimatized outdoor and reintroduced in the wild within a comprehensive conservation project. The technique allowed to overcome the problems of sexual sterility of this species, hence contributing concretely to contrast the problems connected with its conservation. However, additional efforts need to be carried out in order to refine the acclimatization step and further improve the whole process effectiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution to the Biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with Special Emphasis on the African Species
    Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian I Promotor: Prof. Dr. Ir. L.J.G. van der Maesen Hoogleraar Plantentaxonomie Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotor Dr. F.T. Bakker Universitair Docent, leerstoelgroep Biosystematiek Wageningen Universiteit Overige leden: Prof. Dr. E. Robbrecht, Universiteit van Antwerpen en Nationale Plantentuin, Meise, België Prof. Dr. E. Smets Universiteit Leiden Prof. Dr. L.H.W. van der Plas Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. A.M. Cleef Wageningen Universiteit Dr. Ir. R.H.M.J. Lemmens Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, WUR Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoekschool Biodiversiteit. II Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. M.J. Kropff in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 26 juni 2006 des namiddags te 16.00 uur in de Aula III Sattarian, A. (2006) PhD thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen ISBN 90-8504-445-6 Key words: Taxonomy of Celti s, morphology, micromorphology, phylogeny, molecular systematics, Ulmaceae and Celtidaceae, revision of African Celtis This study was carried out at the NHN-Wageningen, Biosystematics Group, (Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6700 ED Wageningen), Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. IV To my parents my wife (Forogh) and my children (Mohammad Reza, Mobina) V VI Contents ——————————— Chapter 1 - General Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 - Evolutionary Relationships of Celtidaceae ..................................................................... 7 R. VAN VELZEN; F.T. BAKKER; A. SATTARIAN & L.J.G. VAN DER MAESEN Chapter 3 - Phylogenetic Relationships of African Celtis (Celtidaceae) ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Relationships and Population Differentiation of the South-Western Eurasian Zelkova Species Inferred in Leaf Morphology
    2021, vol. 85, 60–77 https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.085.007 Anna K. Jasińska, Beata Rucińska, Gregor Kozlowski, Laurence Fazan, Giuseppe Garfì, Salvatore Pasta, Sébastien Bétrisey, Emanuel Gerber, Krystyna Boratyńska, Adam Boratyński* Taxonomic relationships and population differentiation of the south-western Eurasian Zelkova species inferred in leaf morphology Received: 16 December 2020; Accepted: 19 February 2021 Abstract: The relict tree species Zelkova abelicea and Z. sicula (Ulmaceae) occur in Crete and Sicily, respec- tively. Zelkova abelicea grows in approximately 40 localities in the mountains of Crete, while Z. sicula has been found in only two stands in Sicily. We compared 25 morphological characters of the leaves of both species and used statistical methods (Tuk- ey’s test, discrimination analysis, principal component analysis, agglomeration) to reveal the differences between these two species, their relation to Z. carpinifolia (the third Zelkova south-west Eurasian species), and between the leaves from different shoot types. Our study represents the first comparative biometric analysis of the three Zelkova species localized in the western edge of the current geographic range of the genus. We found that the species differed from each other both, in terms of leaf form characters and level of leaf variation. Zelkova carpinifolia was clearly differ- ent from Z. abelicea, while the two populations of Z. sicula, SIB and SIA, were more similar to Z. carpinifolia and Z. abelicea, respectively. The latter finding supports the results of recent molecular studies suggesting the hybrid origin of Z. sicula. Zelkova abelicea, Z. sicula and Z. carpinifolia differ each other in the leaf characteristics and level of phenotypic variation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Analysis of Large Floristic and Plant-Sociological Datasets – Opportunities and Limitations
    Ecological analysis of large floristic and plant-sociological datasets – opportunities and limitations Dissertation for the award of the degree "Doctor rerum naturalium" (Dr.rer.nat.) of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen within the doctoral program Biology of the Georg-August University School of Science (GAUSS) submitted by Florian Goedecke from Wernigerode Göttingen, 2018 Thesis Committee Prof. Dr. Erwin Bergmeier, Department Vegetation und Phytodiversity Analyses, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences University of Goettingen Prof. Dr. Holger Kreft, Department Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen Members of the Examination Board Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Erwin Bergmeier, Department Vegetation und Phytodiversity Analyses, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences University of Goettingen Second Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Holger Kreft, Department Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen Further members of the Examination Board Prof. Dr. Markus Hauck, Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences University of Goettingen PD. Dr. Ina Meyer, Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences University of Goettingen Prof. Dr. Hermann Behling, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences University of Goettingen PD. Dr. Matthias Waltert, Workgroup Endangered Species Conservation, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Bottlenecks in the Plant Life Cycle for Sustainable
    PERSPECTIVE published: 12 July 2017 doi: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00076 Identification of Bottlenecks in the Plant Life Cycle for Sustainable Conservation of Rare and Endangered Species Giovanna Aronne* Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy Long term survival of a species relies on maintenance of genetic variability and natural selection by means of successful reproduction and generation turnover. Although, basic to monitor the conservation status of a plant species, life history data are rarely available even for threatened species due to the gap between the large amount of information required and the limits in terms of time and available economic resources to gather these data. Here, the focus on bottlenecks in life-cycle of rare endangered plant species is proposed as a resolving approach to address the challenges of feasible conservation actions. Basic considerations for this approach are: (a) all biological and Edited by: Enrique Martínez-Meyer, ecological studies on plant species can be scientifically important, but not all of them National Autonomous University of are equally relevant to conservation planning and management requirements; (b) under Mexico, Mexico a changing environment, long term survival of a species relies on generation turnover; Reviewed by: (c) for conservation purposes, priority should be given to studies aimed to focus on Andres Garcia, National Autonomous University of bottlenecks in the succession of generations because they prevent, or slow down natural Mexico, Mexico selection processes. The proposed procedure, named Systematic Hazard Analysis Carlos Alberto Lopez Gonzalez, Autonomous University of Queretaro, of Rare-endangered Plants (SHARP), consists of a preliminary survey of the already Mexico available information on the species and two main components.
    [Show full text]
  • Christe Et Al. 2014 J Biogeo.Pdf
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2014) 41, 1081–1093 ORIGINAL Footprints of past intensive ARTICLE diversification and structuring in the genus Zelkova (Ulmaceae) in south-western Eurasia Camille Christe1,3, Gregor Kozlowski3,4, David Frey3,5,Sebastien Betrisey3, Elmira Maharramova6, Giuseppe Garfı7, Stergios Pirintsos8,9 and Yamama Naciri1,2* 1Plant Systematics and Biodiversity ABSTRACT Laboratory, Molecular Phylogeny and Aim To elucidate the phylogeographical patterns in three Cenozoic relict spe- Genetics Unit, Conservatoire et Jardin cies: Zelkova sicula, Z. abelicea and Z. carpinifolia (Ulmaceae). botaniques de la Ville de Geneve, CH-1292 2 Chambesy, Geneva, Switzerland, Plant Location Sicily, Crete and Transcaucasia. Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, – University of Geneva, CH-1292 Chambesy, Methods Two chloroplast loci (trnH psbA and trnL) and the nuclear ribo- Geneva, Switzerland, 3Department of Biology somal markers ITS1 and ITS2 were sequenced for 154 samples collected from and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, 14 populations of Z. abelicea, 16 populations of Z. carpinifolia, and the two CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, 4Natural known populations of Z. sicula. We obtained georeferenced data, calculated History Museum, CH-1700 Fribourg, median joining networks and carried out diversity analyses. A few ex situ Switzerland, 5Conservation Biogeography samples collected from botanical gardens, of the East Asian species Zelkova Group, Department of Geosciences, University serrata, Z. schneideriana and Z. sinica, were also analysed for comparative of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, purposes. 6Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Results Academy of Sciences, AZ-1073 Baku, High levels of variability were found in the chloroplast markers within Azerbaijan, 7National Research Council Z. carpinifolia (15 haplotypes) and Z.
    [Show full text]
  • Giornale Di Zoologia
    ISSN 0370 - 4327 GIORNALE DI ZOOLOGIA PUBLISHED Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification Volume CI 101TERZA SERIE Rerum natura nusquam magis quam in minimis tota. PLINIO F I R E N Z E - 2 0 1 8 TIPOGRAFIA COPPINI I - Blank Page II - Blank Page ISSN 0370 - 4327 GIORNALE DI ZOOLOGIA PUBLISHED Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification Volume CI 101TERZA SERIE Rerum natura nusquam magis quam in minimis tota. PLINIO F I R E N Z E - 2 0 1 8 TIPOGRAFIA COPPINI Journal of Zoology Founded by Antonio Berlese, Firenze, 1903 Published by CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (formerly: Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria, Firenze) Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria Editor-in-Chief Roberto Nannelli Firenze, Italy Associate Editors Sauro Simoni Pio Federico Roversi Firenze, Italy Firenze, Italy Managing Editor Donatella Goggioli Firenze, Italy Editorial Board Ramon Albajes Giacinto Germinara Hervé Jactel Peter Schausberger Lleida, Spain Foggia, Italy Cestas, France Vienna, Austria Miguel Angel Altieri Andrew Paul Gutierrez Mariusz Lewandowski Stephan Scheurer Berkeley, USA Berkeley, USA Warszawa, Poland Berlin, Germany Sebastiano Barbagallo Keith M. Harris Francois Lieutier Thomas Schröder Catania, Italy Ripley, Woking, England Orleans, France Braunschweig, Germany Andrea Binazzi Sherif Hassan Evert E. Lindquist Ward Strong Firenze, Italy Darmstat, Germany Ottawa, Canada Veron, Canada Stefano Colazza Axel Hausmann Pietro Luciano Eustachio Tarasco Palermo, Italy München, Germany Sassari, Italy Bari, Italy Piero Cravedi Claudio Ioriatti Manuel Mota Stefano Turillazzi Piacenza, Italy S.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeographic Overview of Ulmaceae: Diversity, Distribution, Ecological Preferences, and Conservation Status
    plants Article Biogeographic Overview of Ulmaceae: Diversity, Distribution, Ecological Preferences, and Conservation Status Yann Fragnière 1 , Yi-Gang Song 2 , Laurence Fazan 1, Steven R. Manchester 3, Giuseppe Garfì 4 and Gregor Kozlowski 1,2,5,* 1 Department of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; [email protected] (Y.F.); [email protected] (L.F.) 2 Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, 3888 Chenhua Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, China; [email protected] 3 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 1659 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; steven@flmnh.ufl.edu 4 Institute of Biosciences and BioResources—National Research Council, Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy; giuseppe.garfi@ibbr.cnr.it 5 Natural History Museum Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +41-26-300-88-42 Abstract: The elm family (Ulmaceae) is a woody plant group with important scientific, societal, and economic value. We aim to present the first biogeographic synthesis investigating the global diversity, distribution, ecological preferences, and the conservation status of Ulmaceae. A literature review was performed to explore the available data for all extant species. Our study made it possible to map the actual global distribution of Ulmaceae with high precision, and to elucidate the centers of diversity, located mainly in China and in the southeastern USA. A detailed comparative analysis Citation: Fragnière, Y.; Song, Y.-G.; of the macroclimatic niche for each species was produced, which shows the general biogeographic Fazan, L.; Manchester, S.R.; Garfì, G.; pattern of the family and pinpoints the outlier species.
    [Show full text]