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What Is Bike Sharing ?

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What Is Bike Sharing ? Regional Bike Share in the Pioneer Valley Feasibility Study Produced by the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission in collaboration with the Bike Share Feasibility Study Advisory Committee and municipalities of Northampton, Amherst, Holyoke and Springfield December 2014 Produced by the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission with guidance from the Bike Share Feasibility Study Advisory Committee December 2014 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Section 1: Introduction and Purpose of Study .............................................................................................. 2 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Funding Source and Study Participants ................................................................................................ 2 Advisory Committee ............................................................................................................................. 2 Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 4 History of Biking in Springfield .............................................................................................................. 6 Section 2: What Is Bike Sharing ? ................................................................................................................. 7 Overview of Bike Sharing ...................................................................................................................... 7 Benefits of Bike Sharing ........................................................................................................................ 8 Elements of Bike Share Systems ......................................................................................................... 10 Other Considerations .......................................................................................................................... 15 Section 3: Existing Bike Share Programs and Alternatives for the Region .................................................. 18 Business Models .................................................................................................................................. 18 Funding Sources .................................................................................................................................. 22 Existing Bike Share System Case Studies ............................................................................................ 26 Section 4: Regional Characteristics That Support Bike Share ..................................................................... 40 Rail Service .......................................................................................................................................... 40 Bus Service .......................................................................................................................................... 44 Bicycle Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................... 46 Existing Bike Share and Bike Rental Programs .................................................................................... 49 Major Destinations .............................................................................................................................. 50 Colleges and Universities .................................................................................................................... 50 Major Employers ................................................................................................................................. 51 Tourist and Cultural Destinations ....................................................................................................... 51 Entertainment Districts ....................................................................................................................... 51 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 53 Section 5: Demand Analysis and Proposed Service Area ............................................................................ 54 Public Survey ....................................................................................................................................... 54 Demand Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 58 Summary of Demand Analysis ............................................................................................................ 68 Heat Map Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 69 Proposed Service Area and Station Locations .................................................................................... 71 Section 6: Funding Sources and Financing Options .................................................................................. 76 Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 76 Grant Sources ...................................................................................................................................... 76 Corporate Sponsorship ....................................................................................................................... 76 Municipal Sources ............................................................................................................................... 77 Private Foundations ............................................................................................................................ 77 Advertising Revenues .......................................................................................................................... 78 User Revenues .................................................................................................................................... 78 Overall Revenue Streams .................................................................................................................... 78 Examples from Across the United States ............................................................................................ 80 Financing Options for a Pioneer Valley Bike Share Program .............................................................. 86 Section 7: Financial Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 89 Capital Costs ........................................................................................................................................ 89 Operating Costs ................................................................................................................................... 94 Ridership Estimates ............................................................................................................................. 98 Operating Revenues ............................................................................................................................ 99 Summary of Findings ......................................................................................................................... 103 Section 8: Recommended Business Model, Operating Structure, and Financing .................................... 111 Recommended Business Model ........................................................................................................ 111 Boston’s Hubway: A Regional Approach to Bike Share .................................................................... 112 An Intergovernmental Compact and Business Model for Hubway .................................................. 115 Section 9: Next Steps and Recommended Implementation Framework ................................................ 116 Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 116 Options for Funding the Advanced Feasibility Analysis .................................................................... 118 Recommended Next Steps ................................................................................................................ 119 Acknowledgements The Pioneer Valley Planning Commission would like to thank the following members of the Bike Share Feasibility Study Advisory Committee, whose participation and input was critical to the development of this report. Funding for this plan was provided by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development 2014 District Local Technical Assistance Program and the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission. Wayne Feiden, Northampton Stephanie Ciccarello, Amherst Scott Hanson, Springfield Claire Ricker, Holyoke Chris Brestrup, Amherst Ezra Small, University of Massachusetts Steve Roof, Hampshire College Mike Suzor, Springfield Technical Community College Nancy Apple, Mount Holyoke College Emma Kerr, Smith College Jill Russell, Springfield College Jimmy Pereira, Mass Bike Matt Sokop, Holyoke Matt Lustig, Holyoke PVPC Staff Credits: Chris Curtis,
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