21St International Northern Research Basins Symposium and Workshop – Yakutsk, Russia August 6–12, 2017 Table of Contents Table of Contents
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Melnikov Permafrost Institute Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Proceedings 21st Northern Research Basins Symposium and Workshop Cold-region hydrology in a non-stationary world Yakutsk, Russia August 6-12, 2017 Yakutsk Melnikov Permafrost Institute Press 2017 UDC 556:551.34 BBC 26.22 + 26.35 + 26.36 Cold-region hydrology in a non-stationary world. Proceedings of the 21st Northern Research Basins Symposium and Workshop. – Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. – Yakutsk: Melnikov Permafrost Institute Press, 2017. – 180 p. The materials and information contained herein are published in the form submitted by the authors. No attempt has been made to alter the material except where obvious errors or discrepancies were detected. Contact: Liudmila Lebedeva Melnikov Permafrost Institute Merzlotnaya 36 677010 Yakutsk, RUSSIA [email protected] www.nrb2017.ru ISBN 978-5-93254-172-2 Cover design: Elizaveta Ivanova-Efimova © Russian Academy of Sciences, 2017 © Melnikov Permafrost institute SB RAS, 2017 Институт мерзлотоведения им. П.И. Мельникова Сибирское отделение Российской Академии Наук Труды XXI Международного симпозиума по исследованиям северных речных бассейнов «Гидрология холодных регионов в нестационарных условиях» Якутск, Россия 6-12 августа 2017 г Якутск Издательство Института мерзлотоведения им. П.И. Мельникова 2017 21st International Northern Research Basins Symposium and Workshop – Yakutsk, Russia August 6–12, 2017 Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................... 5 Preface.................................................................. 7 The organizing committee of the 21th NRB .................................... 9 List of Participants........................................................ 10 Symposium Papers........................................................ 14 Bazhin K.I. and Lebedeva L.S. Suprapermafrost taliks in the Shestakovka River catchment, continuous permafrost zone, investigated by ERT technique ........... 15 Galanin A.A. The aeolian-cryogenic origin of the inter-permafrost taliks and underground water sources in Central Yakutia ................................ 19 Hiyama T. Recent changes in the hydrologic cycle of the Lena River basin, eastern Siberia .................................................................. 26 Janowicz R. Climate Change Impacts on Snowmelt Runoff and River Break-up on the Porcupine River in Northern Canada .................................. 30 Kershaw G.G.L., Quinton W., Mamet S. and Kershaw G. P. A remote assessment of ice- rich permafrost loss across a ~500 m elevation gradient in the Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains, Canada................................................. 40 Kirillina K.S., Lobanov V.A. and Yan W. Climatic Changes in the Territory of Yakutia and Their Influence on Forest Fires and Maximum Discharges and Water Levels of Snowmelt Floods ....................................................... 50 Korhonen J. and Koskela J. J. Inconsistencies in Finnish hydrological observations ... 58 Makarieva O.M., Nesterova N.V., Lebedeva L.S. Runoff changes at the Pole of Cold of Northern Hemisphere ................................................... 67 Makarov V. Impact of Climate Warming and Greenhouse Gas Emissions on H+ Migration in the Biosphere of Yakutia........................................ 75 Marchand W.-D. Scaling issues related to snow storage and measurements .......... 82 Nesterova N.V., Makarieva O.M., Lebedeva L.S., Vinogradova T.A. Hydrological processes at the Suntar-Hayata ridge (Eastern Siberia) ......................... 91 Pavlova N.A., Efremov V.S. and Kolesnikov A.B. Monitoring of the Unugestyakh Lake with outlet in Central Yakutia............................................... 100 Quinton W.L. and Connon R.F. Toward Understanding the Trajectory of Hydrological Change in the Southern Taiga Plains, NWT, Canada............................104 Shamov V., Gartsman B., Shekman Е., Gubareva Т., Tarbeeva А., Lupakov S., Chelnokov A., Kozhevnikova N., Burdukovskiy M. and Orlyakovskiy A. Tracer studies of preferential water flow paths in mountain slopes, Pacific Russia ................113 Shepelev V.V. Characteristic Features of the Water-Exchange Function of Permafrost............................................................ 123 5 21st International Northern Research Basins Symposium and Workshop – Yakutsk, Russia August 6–12, 2017 Shestakova E.N., Rumiantseva E.V. Long-Term Fluctuations of Arctic River Runoff in Central Siberia under a Changing Climate .................................127 Sushansky S.I., Makarieva O.M., Lebedeva L.S., Nesterova N.V. 70 years anniversary of the Kolyma water-balance Station, the pioneer of hydrological research in permafrost...............................................................136 Woo M.-K., Thorne R. and Brown L. Comparison of runoff and river flow in two large northern basins...........................................................145 Young K. Swings in Runoff at Polar Bear Pass: An Extensive Low-gradient Wetland, Bathurst Island, Canada...........................................155 Symposium Abstracts ...................................................167 Bolgov M.V. About hydrological problems of the Lake Baikal.....................168 Bowring S., Lauerwald R., Guenet B. and Ciais P. Pan-Arctic modeling of permafrost DOC and its lateral transport and evasion in a global land surface model . 169 Grigoriev M.N. Sediment Fluxes from the Outer and Interior Shores of the Lena Delta...............................................................170 Gustafsson D., Lebedeva L., Makarieva O., Isberg K. and Arheimer B. Hydrological forecasting in permafrost dominated catchments – impacts of permafrost process representation, forecast data uncertainty and spatial scale.......................171 Lebedeva L.S. Makarieva O., Gustafsson D., Isberg K. and Arheimer B. Seemingly similar permafrost river basins: data analysis and evaluation by different modelling approaches .....................................................172 Leppäranta M. Melting of ice in lakes: measurements and modelling...............173 Liljedahl A., Baraer M., Chesnokova A., Gaedeke A., Lebedeva L., Makarieva O., O’Neel S. and Nesterova N. Mountain glacier contribution to Arctic and subarctic river discharge ...........................................................174 Osuch M., Wawrzyniak T., Nawrot A. and Napiórkowski J. J. The influence of changes of active layer thickness on the runoff generation in a permafrost catchment .......175 Põrh A. Ice regime of Estonian rivers as an indicator of climate change ............176 Puglini M., Brovkin V. and Arndt S. Sub-sea permafrost modelling: 1D vertical extent, sediment reaction-transport scheme and in situ GHG formation ...........177 Stuefer S.L. and Arp C. Terrestrial Environmental Observing Network (TEON) – the Kuparuk River, Alaska’s Arctic, USA .....................................178 Zhu D., Ciais P., Krinner G., Maignan F. and Jornet-puig A. Impacts of soil organic matter on permafrost soil thermodynamics by the ORCHIDEE land surface model ...179 6 21st International Northern Research Basins Symposium and Workshop – Yakutsk, Russia August 6–12, 2017 Preface From the old times, cold regions have always been the attraction for strong, determined and free people. Their will for exploration and adventure has led to many great scientific discoveries which would be impossible without self-sacrifice, friendship and mutual help, the admiration of natural beauty, dreams and hopes. We live in a non-stationary world, not only in the terms of climate and natural environment changes, but also in the sense of the global political situation and general uncertainty of the future. Though the Arctic is still in many aspects a blank spot on the map of our scientific understanding, it has become the field of battle for mineral resources and global dominance. At the same time, to assess the situation in hydrology, in the last 30 years we have lost about half of our research stations in the cold regions, meaning that even footworn paths are being recently grassed, and the important decisions are made mainly based on momentary profit, rather than on sound science. In the light of this reality, we host the 21st International Northern Research Basins (NRB) Symposium and Workshop. This year it is organized in Yakutsk, Russia practically without any state support reflecting the world-wide lack of understanding of the importance of northern research basins. However, the fact that the NRB Symposium and Workshop has been running for more than 40 years and that hydrologists continue to be interested in keeping this initiative alive give hope. Our main hope is that “the fire of exploration” embracing experience, knowledge, inspiration, broad outlook, and love of nature of NRB participants is strong enough to be passed further and enkindle young generations of hydrologists. In 1975, the International Hydrological Program (IHP) National Committees of Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the USA and the USSR established the IHP working group on Northern Research Basins. The overall objective of the NRB working group is to encourage research in hydrological basins at northern latitudes where snow, ice and frozen ground play a dominant role in the hydrological cycle. In 1992, Iceland joined the group and Russia took over the responsibilities of the former USSR. In addition, countries with polar research programs